[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drip
Target surface form: drip
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (<t>drip</t> into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drip%2:38:00:: | definition=fall in drops | examples=Water is dripping from the faucet
2. sense_key=drip%2:35:10:: | definition=let or cause to fall in drops | synonyms=dribble, drop | examples=dribble oil into the mixture

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "drip" in context. The context: "Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein)." So here "drip" refers to an intravenous infusion, a medical procedure where a liquid is administered gradually into a vein. The candidate senses are:

1. drip%2:38:00:: | definition=fall in drops | examples=Water is dripping from the faucet
2. drip%2:35:10:: | definition=let or cause to fall in drops | synonyms=dribble, drop | examples=dribble oil into the mixture

Sense 1 is intransitive: fall in drops. Sense 2 is transitive: let or cause to fall in drops. In the context, "drip" is used in the phrase "solution for infusion (drip into a vein)". Here, "drip" is a noun? Actually, the phrase says "solution for infusion (drip into a vein)". It might be using "drip" as a shortened form of "drip infusion", i.e., intravenous drip. But the target word is the lemma "drip", and the surface form is "drip". In the sentence, it's in parentheses as an explanation: "solution for infusion (drip into a vein)". This could be read as "solution for infusion, i.e., a drip into a vein." So "drip" here is a noun meaning a slow infusion of liquid. But the candidate senses given are both verb senses. WordNet has noun senses for "drip" as well: e.g., "flowing in drops; the formation and falling of drops of liquid" (sense 1), "the sound of a liquid falling drop by drop" (sense 2), and "(architecture) a projection from a cornice or sill designed to protect the area below from rainwater" (sense 3). But the candidate senses provided are only two verb senses. The instruction says: "Candidate senses:" and then lists two. So we must choose from those two, even if a noun sense might be more appropriate. So we need to fit the verb sense to the context. The context uses "drip" as a noun? Let's parse: "Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein)." The phrase "drip into a vein" could be read as an infinitive verb phrase: "to drip into a vein", i.e., the solution is dripped into a vein. Or it could be a noun phrase: a drip that goes into a vein. The parentheses likely explain what "infusion" means: it's a drip into a vein. In medical terminology, an "IV drip" is a common term. So "drip" here is a noun. But the given senses are verb senses. The target lemma is "drip", surface form "drip", and the candidate senses are both verbs. Perhaps the system expects us to choose the verb sense that best aligns with the way "drip" is used, even if it's a noun in context? Or maybe "drip" is used as a verb in the phrase "drip into a vein"? It could be an imperative or infinitive: "solution for infusion (to drip into a vein)". In that case, it's a verb meaning to administer in drops. Sense 2 is transitive: "let or cause to fall in drops", which fits causing the solution to fall in drops into the vein. Sense 1 is intransitive: fall in drops. If the phrase is "drip into a vein", it could be interpreted as intransitive: the solution drips into the vein. But in medical contexts, "drip" as a verb is often used transitively: "to drip a solution into a vein". The phrase "drip into a vein" could be an infinitive of purpose: the solution is for infusion (in order to drip into a vein). That would be intransitive: the solution drips. Alternatively, it might be a noun: "a drip into a vein". Given the parentheses, it's explaining what infusion is: it's a drip into a vein. That is a noun. Since the candidate senses are only verbs, we have to pick one. Let's check the examples: Sense 1: "Water is dripping from the faucet" - intransitive. Sense 2: "dribble oil into the mixture" - transitive, causing to fall in drops. In a medical IV drip, we are causing the fluid to fall in drops. So sense 2 seems more appropriate because it implies an agent causing the dripping. However, the context does not explicitly have an agent; it just says "(drip into a vein)". It could be a noun. But the sense index must be from the given candidates. I think sense 2 better captures the medical usage: to administer by drops. Even if it's a noun, the noun sense derived from the verb sense would be based on the transitive? Actually, the noun "drip" meaning an infusion comes from the verb, but it's typically derived from the idea of liquid falling in drops. WordNet's noun sense 1: "flowing in drops; the formation and falling of drops of liquid" corresponds to the intransitive verb. But we only have verb choices. The instruction says: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." So we must choose from the provided candidate senses. So between 1 and 2, which is better? In medical contexts, "drip" often refers to the apparatus or the process, but as a verb, it's used as "to drip" meaning to infuse slowly. Merriam-Webster gives the transitive verb: "to let fall in drops" and the intransitive: "to fall in drops". The medical "IV drip" is a noun, but the verb can be used: "The nurse dripped fluids into the patient." That's transitive. So sense 2.

Thus, I'll choose sense_index: 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vein
Target surface form: vein
Context:
This document is a summary of the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a <t>vein</t>). It contains the active substance pemetrexed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vein%1:08:00:: | definition=a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart | synonyms=vena, venous blood vessel | examples=all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood
2. sense_key=vein%1:10:00:: | definition=a distinctive style or manner | examples=he continued in this vein for several minutes
3. sense_key=vein%1:20:00:: | definition=any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ | synonyms=nervure
4. sense_key=vein%1:17:00:: | definition=a layer of ore between layers of rock | synonyms=mineral vein
5. sense_key=vein%1:05:00:: | definition=one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect | synonyms=nervure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given the context: "Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a <t>vein</t>)." The target word is "vein". The senses provided are indexed 1 to 5. We need to choose the best sense.

Sense 1: blood vessel that carries blood from capillaries toward the heart. Synonym: vena, venous blood vessel. Example: all veins except pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood.

Sense 2: a distinctive style or manner. Example: he continued in this vein for several minutes.

Sense 3: vascular bundles in a leaf or other plant organ. Synonym: nervure.

Sense 4: a layer of ore between layers of rock. Synonym: mineral vein.

Sense 5: one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect. Synonym: nervure.

Context: drip into a vein. This is clearly referring to a medical context where an infusion is given into a blood vessel. Therefore, sense 1 is the correct one.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Fireworks

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contain
Target surface form: contains
Context:
It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It <t>contains</t> the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contain%2:42:00:: | definition=include or contain; have as a component | synonyms=incorporate, comprise | examples=A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's
2. sense_key=contain%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, carry | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
3. sense_key=contain%2:41:00:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
4. sense_key=contain%2:42:06:: | definition=be divisible by | examples=24 contains 6
5. sense_key=contain%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=take, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
6. sense_key=contain%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "contain", target surface form "contains", and a context paragraph. We need to choose the best sense from the six candidate senses. The target sentence is: "Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It <t>contains</t> the active substance pemetrexed."

Let's analyze the context: The text is about a medicine called Alimta, which is a powder that is made into a solution for infusion. It contains the active substance pemetrexed. Here, "contains" means "has as a component" or "includes". It's about the composition of the medicine: the powder contains a certain active substance.

Now, look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_index 1: definition=include or contain; have as a component. Synonyms: incorporate, comprise. Examples: A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's. This fits perfectly: the medicine contains pemetrexed as a component.

2. sense_index 2: definition=contain or hold; have within. Synonyms: hold, bear, carry. Examples: The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water. This is more about physically holding within a container, like a jar holding wine. It could apply metaphorically, but sense 1 is more precise for "have as a component".

3. sense_index 3: definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits. Synonyms: control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate. Examples: moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue. Not applicable.

4. sense_index 4: definition=be divisible by. Example: 24 contains 6. Not applicable.

5. sense_index 5: definition=be capable of holding or containing. Synonyms: take, hold. Examples: This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon. This is about capacity, not about what something actually contains as a component. The medicine is not a container that holds something; it is a substance that has a component.

6. sense_index 6: definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of. Synonyms: check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back. Not applicable.

Between sense 1 and sense 2: Sense 1 explicitly says "have as a component", which is exactly the relationship between a medicine and its active substance. Sense 2 is more about containing in a physical sense (like a container). The medicine is a powder, which is not a container but a substance itself. The active substance is a component of the powder. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: active
Target surface form: active
Context:
It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the <t>active</t> substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=active%3:00:02:: | definition=tending to become more severe or wider in scope | examples=active tuberculosis
2. sense_key=active%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=engaged in or ready for military or naval operations | synonyms=combat-ready, fighting | examples=on active duty; the platoon is combat-ready
3. sense_key=active%3:00:03:: | definition=disposed to take action or effectuate change | examples=a director who takes an active interest in corporate operations; an active antagonism
4. sense_key=active%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=taking part in an activity | synonyms=participating | examples=an active member of the club; he was politically active
5. sense_key=active%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by energetic activity | examples=an active toddler; active as a gazelle
6. sense_key=active%3:00:07:: | definition=exerting influence or producing a change or effect | examples=an active ingredient
7. sense_key=active%3:00:06:: | definition=full of activity or engaged in continuous activity | examples=an active seaport; an active bond market
8. sense_key=active%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=alive | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
9. sense_key=active%3:00:10:: | definition=(of the sun) characterized by an increased occurrence of sunspots and flares and radio emissions
10. sense_key=active%3:00:09:: | definition=expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor: | examples=Hemingway favors active constructions
11. sense_key=active%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of verbs (e.g. `to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. `running' in `running water')) expressing action rather than a state of being | synonyms=dynamic
12. sense_key=active%3:00:05:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) capable of erupting
13. sense_key=active%3:00:04:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) erupting or liable to erupt | examples=active volcanos
14. sense_key=active%3:00:08:: | definition=engaged in full-time work | examples=active duty; though past retirement age he is still active in his profession

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "active", target surface form "active", and a context: "It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the <t>active</t> substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for?"

We need to choose the correct sense from the candidate senses provided. The context is about a medicine called Alimta, which contains the active substance pemetrexed. The phrase "active substance" is a common term in pharmacology, referring to the ingredient in a drug that produces the intended therapeutic effect. This corresponds to sense 6: "exerting influence or producing a change or effect" with example "an active ingredient". Indeed, "active ingredient" is a fixed phrase in medicine. Sense 1 is about severity (active tuberculosis), sense 2 military, sense 3 disposition to take action, sense 4 participating, sense 5 energetic, sense 7 full of activity, sense 8 in operation, sense 9 sun, sense 10 grammatical active voice, sense 11 verbal, sense 12 and 13 volcanoes, sense 14 full-time work. Only sense 6 fits the context of an "active substance" in a drug.

Thus, the answer is sense index 6. Return JSON with {"sense_index": 6}.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: substance
Target surface form: substance
Context:
It explains how the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) assessed the studies performed, to reach their recommendations on how to use the medicine. If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active <t>substance</t> pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=substance%1:03:00:: | definition=the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists | examples=DNA is the substance of our genes
2. sense_key=substance%1:09:01:: | definition=the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience | synonyms=kernel, core, center, centre, essence, gist | examples=the gist of the prosecutor's argument; the heart and soul of the Republican Party
3. sense_key=substance%1:09:00:: | definition=the idea that is intended | synonyms=meaning | examples=What is the meaning of this proverb?
4. sense_key=substance%1:27:00:: | definition=material of a particular kind or constitution | examples=the immune response recognizes invading substances
5. sense_key=substance%1:21:00:: | definition=considerable capital (wealth or income) | synonyms=means | examples=he is a man of means
6. sense_key=substance%1:10:00:: | definition=what a communication that is about something is about | synonyms=message, content, subject matter
7. sense_key=substance%1:03:01:: | definition=a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties | examples=shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "substance" in the given context. The target lemma is "substance" and the surface form is "substance". The context is from a medical/pharmaceutical text describing a medicine called Alimta. The sentence: "It contains the active substance pemetrexed." We need to choose the best indexed sense from the seven candidate senses.

Let's examine each sense:

1. sense_key=substance%1:03:00:: | definition=the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists | examples=DNA is the substance of our genes
   - This sense refers to the physical matter making up something. Example: DNA is the substance of our genes. In the context, "active substance" refers to the chemical compound pemetrexed, which is a physical matter that is the active ingredient in the medicine. However, it might be too broad. "Real physical matter" is more abstract, like the fundamental material. But in pharmacology, "active substance" is a specific term for the active chemical ingredient.

2. sense_key=substance%1:09:01:: | definition=the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience | synonyms=kernel, core, center, centre, essence, gist | examples=the gist of the prosecutor's argument; the heart and soul of the Republican Party
   - This is about the essential part of an idea or experience, not a physical thing. Not applicable.

3. sense_key=substance%1:09:00:: | definition=the idea that is intended | synonyms=meaning | examples=What is the meaning of this proverb?
   - This is about the intended idea or meaning of something. Not physical.

4. sense_key=substance%1:27:00:: | definition=material of a particular kind or constitution | examples=the immune response recognizes invading substances
   - This refers to a material with some constitution, like a chemical substance. Example: "invading substances" like pathogens. This is close: "active substance" could be a material of a particular kind (the active pharmaceutical ingredient). It emphasizes a type of material.

5. sense_key=substance%1:21:00:: | definition=considerable capital (wealth or income) | synonyms=means | examples=he is a man of means
   - Not relevant.

6. sense_key=substance%1:10:00:: | definition=what a communication that is about something is about | synonyms=message, content, subject matter
   - About communication content. Not physical.

7. sense_key=substance%1:03:01:: | definition=a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties | examples=shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man
   - This defines a specific type of matter, like a chemical or biological substance. Example: "shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man" is very similar to "active substance pemetrexed" – a particular kind of matter (a chemical compound) with uniform properties. This seems very precise.

Now, compare senses 1, 4, and 7, as they are the physical material senses.

Sense 1: "the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists" – This is more like the fundamental matter, e.g., "DNA is the substance of our genes" meaning the physical stuff that genes are made of. It is about the constituent material, not necessarily a specific chemical. In the context, "active substance" means the specific chemical ingredient that has the medicinal effect. So it's not just the material that the medicine consists of (the powder also contains other excipients), but the active ingredient.

Sense 4: "material of a particular kind or constitution" – This is broad: any material of some kind. Example: "the immune response recognizes invading substances" – substances like bacteria, viruses, toxins. This could fit, as pemetrexed is a material of a particular kind (an antifolate drug). But it doesn't emphasize the "specific chemical compound" aspect as much.

Sense 7: "a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties" – This explicitly mentions a specific kind of matter with uniform properties. The example "shigella is one of the most toxic substances" uses "substance" to refer to a specific pathogenic organism, but it's a specific type of matter. In pharmaceuticals, "active substance" is defined as a specific chemical compound with uniform properties (purity, etc.). This sense is more precise because it implies a well-defined species of matter. In dictionaries, the pharmacological sense is often "a chemical substance" which is this.

In WordNet, the sense 7 (substance%1:03:01) is a hyponym of sense 1? Actually, sense 1 is substance%1:03:00, and sense 7 is substance%1:03:01, so 7 is a more specific sense under the same synset? The numbering suggests 03:01 is a sub-sense. Sense 1 is matter, sense 7 is a particular kind of matter. In many contexts, "chemical substance" fits sense 7. The example "shigella is one of the most toxic substances" might be borderline because shigella is a bacterium, but it's considered a substance here. In medical texts, "active substance" consistently refers to the chemical entity.

I think sense 7 is the best match because it is precisely "a particular kind or species of matter" (which a chemical compound is). Sense 4 is also possible but less precise; sense 1 is too general.

Check: In the CHMP assessment, Alimta contains the active substance pemetrexed. Pemetrexed is a specific chemical entity (a molecule) with uniform properties, so sense 7.

Thus, select index 7.

Answer JSON: {"sense_index": 7}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
If you need more information about your medical condition or your treatment, read the Package Leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist. If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta <t>used</t> for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "use", surface form "used", in a specific context. The context: "What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: ..." So we need to disambiguate the sense of "used" here. The candidate senses are from WordNet.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home

This sense is about employing something for a purpose. In the context, "Alimta is used to treat..." means Alimta is employed for the purpose of treating cancer. This fits well.

2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely

This is about consuming substances habitually. Not applicable to a medical treatment in this context; it's not about habitually taking Alimta, but about its purpose.

3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions

This means to exhaust or deplete. Not applicable: the treatment doesn't use up Alimta in that sense; it's about its function.

4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections

This is about exploiting people or things for personal advantage. Not applicable: Alimta is not a person; and it's not about exploiting Alimta but using it as a medicine.

5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion

This is about applying a principle or practicing something. Not quite: we don't "avail oneself of" Alimta in that sense. More idiomatic as "apply a principle".

6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

This is the "used to" construction for past habits. Here, "used" is not "used to" as in past habit; it's "used for" meaning "employed for". So sense 6 is clearly wrong.

The correct sense is clearly 1: put into service; employ for a purpose. The phrase "used for" indicates purpose.

Thus, we return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is <t>used</t> to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "use", surface form "used" in a specific context. The context is a medical/pharmaceutical description about a drug called Alimta. The sentence is: "What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: ..." So the phrase is "Alimta is used to treat ...". This is a passive construction meaning "Alimta is employed/utilized for the purpose of treating cancer." We need to choose the best sense from the provided candidate senses.

Let's evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition: put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose. Synonyms: utilize, utilise, apply, employ. Examples: use your head!; we only use Spanish at home.

This seems very fitting: "Alimta is used to treat cancer" means Alimta is put into service for the purpose of treating cancer. It is employed for its intended medical purpose. The examples given (use your head, use Spanish) are somewhat generic, but the definition matches perfectly: employing something for a purpose.

2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition: take or consume (regularly or habitually). Synonyms: habituate. Examples: She uses drugs rarely.

This implies consuming a substance, like drugs. Alimta is a medication that is administered, so one might think of "using" a drug. But the context here is not about habitual consumption by a patient, but rather the drug's indication: "What is Alimta used for?" meaning its purpose. The sense 2 is about taking/consuming, usually habitually. While patients do use Alimta, the phrase "Alimta is used to treat" refers to the drug's application in medicine, not the habitual act of taking it. The subject is the drug itself, not a person. So sense 2 is not the best.

3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition: use up, consume fully. Synonyms: expend. Examples: The legislature expended its time on school questions.

This implies depleting a resource. Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition: seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage. Examples: She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections.

This involves exploiting people or connections for personal gain. Not relevant to a drug treating cancer.

5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition: avail oneself to. Synonyms: practice, apply. Examples: apply a principle; practice a religion.

This is more about applying a principle or practicing something. "Avail oneself to" means to make use of an opportunity or resource. The drug isn't availing itself; the drug is being used by doctors. This sense is more about a person taking advantage of something. Not the best.

6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition: habitually do something (use only in the past tense). Examples: She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall.

This is the "used to" construction for past habitual actions. Here, the surface form is "used", but it's not the past habitual "used to". It's the passive past participle "is used". So sense 6 is completely off.

The best fit is sense 1. The drug is put into service, employed for a particular purpose (treating cancer). Synonyms include utilize, employ, apply. In medical context, we often say "Drug X is used to treat condition Y", which aligns with sense 1.

Thus, the chosen index is 1.

Now, output as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treat
Target surface form: treat
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to <t>treat</t> two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treat%2:41:00:: | definition=interact in a certain way | synonyms=handle, do by | examples=Do right by her; Treat him with caution, please
2. sense_key=treat%2:30:01:: | definition=subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition | synonyms=process | examples=process cheese; process hair
3. sense_key=treat%2:29:00:: | definition=provide treatment for | synonyms=care for | examples=The doctor treated my broken leg; The nurses cared for the bomb victims
4. sense_key=treat%2:32:00:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, handle, plow, deal, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
5. sense_key=treat%2:40:00:: | definition=provide with a gift or entertainment | examples=Grandmother always treated us to the circus; I like to treat myself to a day at a spa when I am depressed
6. sense_key=treat%2:34:00:: | definition=provide with choice or abundant food or drink | synonyms=regale | examples=Don't worry about the expensive wine--I'm treating; She treated her houseguests with good food every night
7. sense_key=treat%2:32:03:: | definition=engage in negotiations in order to reach an agreement | examples=they had to treat with the King
8. sense_key=treat%2:31:00:: | definition=regard or consider in a specific way | examples=I treated his advances as a joke

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "treat" in the given context. The context: "Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer..." So, it's a medical context where a medicine is used to treat diseases. The target is "treat" as a verb. We need to pick the best sense from the provided list.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=treat%2:41:00:: | definition=interact in a certain way | synonyms=handle, do by | examples=Do right by her; Treat him with caution, please. This is about behavioral interaction, not medical.
2. sense_key=treat%2:30:01:: | definition=subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition | synonyms=process | examples=process cheese; process hair. This could be about processing substances, but the examples are about food and hair, not medical treatment. However, the definition mentions "remedying a condition", which might fit medical contexts. But does "treat" here mean "subject to a process"? In medical contexts, "treat" usually means providing medical care. This sense seems more about industrial or chemical processes.
3. sense_key=treat%2:29:00:: | definition=provide treatment for | synonyms=care for | examples=The doctor treated my broken leg; The nurses cared for the bomb victims. This is explicitly medical: providing treatment for a disease or injury. Perfect for "treat cancer".
4. sense_key=treat%2:32:00:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, handle, plow, deal, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization. This is about discussing or dealing with a topic, not medical.
5. sense_key=treat%2:40:00:: | definition=provide with a gift or entertainment | examples=Grandmother always treated us to the circus... This is about giving treats, not medical.
6. sense_key=treat%2:34:00:: | definition=provide with choice or abundant food or drink | synonyms=regale | examples=Don't worry about the expensive wine--I'm treating... This is about providing food/drink as a treat.
7. sense_key=treat%2:32:03:: | definition=engage in negotiations in order to reach an agreement | examples=they had to treat with the King. This is about negotiating, not medical.
8. sense_key=treat%2:31:00:: | definition=regard or consider in a specific way | examples=I treated his advances as a joke. This is about mental consideration, not medical.

The context: "Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer". Clearly, it's about medical treatment. Sense 3 is precisely "provide treatment for" with examples like "The doctor treated my broken leg". That's the best fit. Sense 2 might be considered because it has "remedying a condition", but it's primarily about processing something. In WordNet, sense 2 (treat%2:30:01::) is for processing, like treating cheese or hair, not medical care. The medical sense is definitely sense 3. So I'll pick sense 3.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two <t>types</t> of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "type" with the surface form "types" in the given context. We have six candidate senses. We need to choose the single best indexed sense. The instructions say to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": number}.

Let's analyze the context: "Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma ... advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells." Here, "types" refers to two kinds/categories/subdivisions of cancer.

Sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" with example "what type of sculpture do you prefer?" This fits perfectly: two subdivisions of the thing "cancer".

Sense 2: "a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)" - not applicable here, not a person.

Sense 3: "(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon" - This is a biological taxonomy sense. While cancer might have biological classifications, the context is not about taxonomic groups in that technical sense. It's just referring to kinds of cancer.

Sense 4: "printed characters" - no.

Sense 5: "all of the tokens of the same symbol" - refers to types in logic/linguistics, not related.

Sense 6: "a small metal block bearing a raised character" - printing again.

Clearly Sense 1 is the best fit.

Thus, {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of <t>cancer</t>: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are performing Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cancer" in the given context. The context is: "Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). ... advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells." Clearly, it's about the disease, a malignant growth. The candidate senses: sense 1 is the medical condition (malignant neoplastic disease). The others are astrological, zodiacal, or a genus of crab. The context is entirely medical. So the best sense is sense 1.

But the instruction says: return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Sense_index 1 corresponds to the first sense. Since the list is 1-indexed? The candidate senses are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So we should output {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (<t>cancer</t> of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "cancer" in the given context. The context is from a medical description of a drug Alimta, which is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma and advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The sentence containing the target word is: "pleural mesothelioma (<t>cancer</t> of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos)." The target word is "cancer" within parentheses, glossing what pleural mesothelioma is.

We need to choose from the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Clearly, the context is medical: cancer as a disease. Sense 1 corresponds to the disease: "any malignant growth or tumor..." with synonym "malignant neoplastic disease." The other senses are astrological (2,3,4) or a genus of crabs (5). So the best sense is sense 1.

Return only JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lining
Target surface form: lining
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the <t>lining</t> of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lining%1:06:00:: | definition=a protective covering that protects an inside surface | synonyms=liner
2. sense_key=lining%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of cloth that is used as the inside surface of a garment | synonyms=liner
3. sense_key=lining%1:04:01:: | definition=providing something with a surface of a different material | synonyms=facing
4. sense_key=lining%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of attaching an inside lining (to a garment or curtain etc.)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "lining" in the sentence: "pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos)". The target word is "lining", and it refers to a protective layer that covers the lungs. In anatomy, the pleura is the lining of the lungs. So "lining" here is a protective covering, specifically the membrane that covers the lungs.

Now, examining the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=lining%1:06:00:: | definition=a protective covering that protects an inside surface | synonyms=liner
2. sense_key=lining%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of cloth that is used as the inside surface of a garment | synonyms=liner
3. sense_key=lining%1:04:01:: | definition=providing something with a surface of a different material | synonyms=facing
4. sense_key=lining%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of attaching an inside lining (to a garment or curtain etc.)

Sense 1 is "a protective covering that protects an inside surface", with synonym "liner". This fits the anatomical context: the lining of the lungs is a protective membrane. Sense 2 is specific to garments, which is not the case here. Senses 3 and 4 are about the act or process of providing a lining, not the lining itself as a noun object. The target "lining" is a noun, and the context clearly refers to a physical layer (the cancer of the lining). So sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Thus, the chosen sense index is 1.

We output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: caused
Context:
If you want more information on the basis of the CHMP recommendations, read the Scientific Discussion (also part of the EPAR). What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually <t>caused</t> by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%2:36:00:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=do, make | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
2. sense_key=cause%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, have, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "caused" in the sentence: "pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos)."

We have two candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%2:36:00:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=do, make | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
2. sense_key=cause%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, have, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer

We need to choose the best sense. The context: exposure to asbestos causes the cancer. So asbestos exposure gives rise to the cancer; it makes the cancer happen. There is no sense of "cause to do" or "cause to act" in the sense of making someone do something. The second sense involves causing an agent to perform an action (induce, stimulate). Here the caused thing is a disease, not an action by an agent. The first sense fits: give rise to; cause to happen. The examples "cause a commotion" show a similar non-agentive effect. So sense index 1 is correct.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is <t>used</t> together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "used" in the context: "Alimta is used together with cisplatin...". The target lemma is "use", and the target surface form is "used". We need to select the best sense from the given candidates.

Let's examine the context: "Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer... Alimta is <t>used</t> together with cisplatin... Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin..." The usage is about employing a drug for a medical purpose. The sense is about putting something into service for a particular purpose. The examples in sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose" with synonyms "utilize, utilise, apply, employ". That fits perfectly. Sense 1 seems straightforward.

Sense 2: "take or consume (regularly or habitually)" - this is about habitual consumption, like drugs. But here it's not about the patient consuming Alimta, it's about the medical use of the drug. It is being used in treatment, not that someone is habitually taking it. So not sense 2.

Sense 3: "use up, consume fully" - no, the drug is not being consumed fully in that sense.

Sense 4: "seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage" - this is more about exploiting people or connections. Example: "She uses her influential friends to get jobs". Not appropriate for a drug being used in a treatment protocol.

Sense 5: "avail oneself to" with synonyms "practice, apply". Example: "apply a principle; practice a religion". This is about applying a practice, not employing a physical substance for a purpose. So not the best.

Sense 6: "habitually do something (use only in the past tense)" - this is the "used to" construction like "I used to call". In the context, "used" is not followed by "to" as an infinitive; it's "is used together with", which is passive voice of sense 1. So sense 6 is not correct.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

The response should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "medicine" in the given context. The context is about Alimta, a cancer medication. The target word appears as: "another anticancer <t>medicine</t>". So it is referring to something that treats cancer, a medicinal drug. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

In the context, "anticancer medicine" clearly refers to a drug used to treat cancer. Sense 2 is about a medicinal drug. Sense 1 is about medical specialties, sense 3 about the profession, sense 4 about punishment. The best fit is sense 2.

The instruction: Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So we output the index number for sense 2, which is 2.

Thus: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the <t>cancer</t> is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "cancer" in the given context. The context is a medical text discussing the drug Alimta, used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The target word appears in the phrase "when the cancer is unresectable" and later "advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer". Clearly, it refers to the disease. Among the candidate senses, sense 1 is "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream" with synonym "malignant neoplastic disease". That matches perfectly. The other senses are astrological (2, 3, 4) or a genus of crabs (5). So the best sense is index 1.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remove
Target surface form: removed
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be <t>removed</t> by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remove%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=take, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
2. sense_key=remove%2:41:00:: | definition=remove from a position or an office
3. sense_key=remove%2:40:00:: | definition=dispose of | synonyms=get rid of | examples=Get rid of these old shoes!; The company got rid of all the dead wood
4. sense_key=remove%2:41:02:: | definition=cause to leave | synonyms=take out, move out | examples=The teacher took the children out of the classroom
5. sense_key=remove%2:38:00:: | definition=shift the position or location of, as for business, legal, educational, or military purposes | synonyms=transfer | examples=He removed his children to the countryside; Remove the troops to the forest surrounding the city
6. sense_key=remove%2:30:01:: | definition=go away or leave | synonyms=absent | examples=He absented himself
7. sense_key=remove%2:41:01:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, hit, dispatch, bump off, off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
8. sense_key=remove%2:30:02:: | definition=get rid of something abstract | synonyms=take away | examples=The death of her mother removed the last obstacle to their marriage; God takes away your sins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "remove" and the surface form "removed" in the context: "...cannot be removed by surgery alone...". We need to choose the best sense from the given candidate senses.

The context: "Alimta is used together with cisplatin ... when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone)..." So "removed" here refers to the surgical removal of cancer (a tumor). It's a concrete thing being taken out by surgery. So the sense is about removing something concrete, like taking something away physically.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=remove%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=take, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
   - This includes removing concrete things. The example "remove a wrapper" is concrete. Also "remove a threat" might be abstract. But it covers both concrete and abstract. In our context, removing a tumor by surgery is definitely removing something concrete.

2. sense_key=remove%2:41:00:: | definition=remove from a position or an office
   - This is about dismissing someone from a job. Not relevant.

3. sense_key=remove%2:40:00:: | definition=dispose of | synonyms=get rid of | examples=Get rid of these old shoes!; The company got rid of all the dead wood
   - "Get rid of" could be used, but it's more about disposing of unwanted things. Surgery removes a tumor, but it's not exactly "disposing of" in the sense of throwing away old shoes. It's a medical procedure. However, "get rid of" is a synonym, and one might say "get rid of a tumor". But the definition emphasizes "dispose of", which often implies eliminating something, not necessarily by physical removal. But it's a candidate.

4. sense_key=remove%2:41:02:: | definition=cause to leave | synonyms=take out, move out | examples=The teacher took the children out of the classroom
   - This is about causing people to leave a place. Not about removing a tumor.

5. sense_key=remove%2:38:00:: | definition=shift the position or location of, as for business, legal, educational, or military purposes | synonyms=transfer | examples=He removed his children to the countryside; Remove the troops to the forest surrounding the city
   - Transferring people. Not relevant.

6. sense_key=remove%2:30:01:: | definition=go away or leave | synonyms=absent | examples=He absented himself
   - Leaving oneself. Not relevant.

7. sense_key=remove%2:41:01:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, hit, dispatch, bump off, off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
   - Murder. Not relevant.

8. sense_key=remove%2:30:02:: | definition=get rid of something abstract | synonyms=take away | examples=The death of her mother removed the last obstacle to their marriage; God takes away your sins
   - Abstract removal. Not relevant.

Now, the best fit seems to be sense 1: remove something concrete. The tumor is a concrete thing being removed by surgery. The synonyms "take, take away, withdraw" fit surgical removal: "take out a tumor". The example "remove a wrapper" is concrete, and "remove a threat" could also fit, but here it's clearly concrete.

Sense 3 "dispose of" might also be considered, but "dispose of" often has a connotation of discarding or getting rid of something, not necessarily by physically removing it in a medical context. However, the gloss for sense 3 says "dispose of" and the synonyms "get rid of". When someone says "get rid of these old shoes", it's like throwing them away. But in surgery, you "remove" a tumor, not "dispose of" it. The WordNet sense 1 explicitly includes "remove something concrete", which matches surgery. Also, the example "remove a threat" shows that it can be used for abstract as well, but the primary definition includes concrete.

Let's check the part of speech: all are verbs. The target is a past participle "removed" used in passive: "cannot be removed by surgery". That fits the transitive sense of removing something concrete.

Therefore, I choose sense_index 1.

But I must return JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: surgery
Target surface form: surgery
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by <t>surgery</t> alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=surgery%1:09:00:: | definition=the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures | examples=he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School
2. sense_key=surgery%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a doctor or dentist can be consulted | examples=he read the warning in the doctor's surgery
3. sense_key=surgery%1:06:00:: | definition=a room in a hospital equipped for the performance of surgical operations | synonyms=operating room, OR, operating theater, operating theatre | examples=great care is taken to keep the operating rooms aseptic
4. sense_key=surgery%1:04:01:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=operation, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "surgery" in the given context. The context: "when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone)". Here, "surgery" refers to a medical procedure to remove the cancer. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: the branch of medical science. Not a procedure.
2. sense 2: a room where a doctor or dentist can be consulted. Not appropriate.
3. sense 3: a room in a hospital for surgical operations. Not a procedure.
4. sense 4: a medical procedure involving an incision; performed to repair damage or arrest disease. Synonyms: operation, surgical operation, etc. Example: "he died while undergoing surgery". This fits perfectly: "removed by surgery alone" means by the surgical procedure.

Thus, sense 4 is correct. Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: alone
Target surface form: alone
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery <t>alone</t>) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:unsocial:00 | definition=isolated from others | examples=could be alone in a crowded room; was alone with her thoughts
2. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:unaccompanied:00 | definition=lacking companions or companionship | synonyms=lone, lonely, solitary | examples=he was alone when we met him; she is alone much of the time
3. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:exclusive:00 | definition=exclusive of anyone or anything else | synonyms=only | examples=she alone believed him; cannot live by bread alone
4. sense_key=alone%5:00:00:incomparable:00 | definition=radically distinctive and without equal | synonyms=unique, unequaled, unequalled, unparalleled | examples=he is alone in the field of microbiology; this theory is altogether alone in its penetration of the problem

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "alone" with context: "cannot be removed by surgery <t>alone</t>". The context is from medical text about Alimta. The sentence: "when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant..." So "alone" here modifies "surgery", meaning "surgery alone" i.e., only by surgery, without other treatments. This is a common adverbial use: "by surgery alone" means "only by surgery" or "exclusively through surgery". So we need to pick the sense that matches "exclusive of anyone or anything else" or "only". Looking at candidates:

1. isolated from others - not right; it's about being isolated, not about exclusivity.
2. lacking companions - about companionship, not about medical procedures.
3. exclusive of anyone or anything else - definition: "exclusive of anyone or anything else", synonyms: "only", examples: "she alone believed him; cannot live by bread alone". This matches perfectly: "cannot be removed by surgery alone" parallels "cannot live by bread alone" where "alone" means "only". So sense 3.
4. radically distinctive and without equal - not relevant here.

Thus the best indexed sense is 3. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spread
Target surface form: spread
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has <t>spread</t>, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spread%2:35:00:: | definition=distribute or disperse widely | synonyms=distribute | examples=The invaders spread their language all over the country
2. sense_key=spread%2:35:07:: | definition=become distributed or widespread | synonyms=propagate | examples=the infection spread; Optimism spread among the population
3. sense_key=spread%2:42:00:: | definition=spread across or over | synonyms=overspread | examples=A big oil spot spread across the water
4. sense_key=spread%2:35:03:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread out, open | examples=open the map; spread your arms
5. sense_key=spread%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to become widely known | synonyms=circulate, circularize, circularise, distribute, disseminate, propagate | examples=spread information; circulate a rumor
6. sense_key=spread%2:32:02:: | definition=become widely known and passed on | synonyms=go around, circulate | examples=the rumor spread; the story went around in the office
7. sense_key=spread%2:38:00:: | definition=strew or distribute over an area | synonyms=scatter, spread out | examples=He spread fertilizer over the lawn; scatter cards across the table
8. sense_key=spread%2:38:02:: | definition=move outward | synonyms=diffuse, spread out, fan out | examples=The soldiers fanned out
9. sense_key=spread%2:35:12:: | definition=cover by spreading something over | examples=spread the bread with cheese
10. sense_key=spread%2:35:13:: | definition=distribute over a surface in a layer | examples=spread cheese on a piece of bread

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about a medicine used for cancer treatment. The target word is "spread" in the sentence: "... malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body)". So, it's talking about cancer spreading to other parts of the body. That means the cancer cells move from the original site to other areas. This is a typical medical context for metastasis.

Now look at the candidate senses. We need to choose the best indexed sense. The senses are numbered 1 through 10. Let's analyze them:

1. distribute or disperse widely (e.g., invaders spread language) – This is transitive, someone spreads something. But in the sentence, it says "has spread" or "likely to spread" intransitively. The cancer spreads itself. So this is intransitive.

2. become distributed or widespread (e.g., the infection spread; Optimism spread) – This is intransitive and fits medical context: infection spread, cancer spread. Synonyms: propagate. This seems very fitting.

3. spread across or over (e.g., a big oil spot spread across the water) – This is also intransitive, but it emphasizes covering a surface. Cancer spreads to other parts of the body, not necessarily across a surface, but through the body. Could be, but sense 2 is more general "become widely known or distributed" and specifically includes "infection spread".

4. spread out or open from a closed or folded state – Not relevant.

5. cause to become widely known (transitive) – Not relevant.

6. become widely known and passed on (like rumor) – This is about information, not physical spreading.

7. strew or distribute over an area (transitive) – Not relevant.

8. move outward (like soldiers fanned out) – This is physical spreading, but sense 2 includes "become distributed or widespread" and has example "infection spread". Sense 8: The soldiers fanned out – moving apart, but cancer spreading to other parts is more about dissemination.

9. cover by spreading something over – transitive.

10. distribute over a surface in a layer – transitive.

The best match is sense 2: become distributed or widespread, with example "the infection spread". The gloss: "become distributed or widespread". Synonyms: propagate. That perfectly captures cancer spreading (metastasizing). Also note that the sentence says "has spread, or is likely to spread easily" – intransitive. So sense 2 is the correct one.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
What is Alimta? Alimta is a powder that is made up into a solution for infusion (drip into a vein). It contains the active substance pemetrexed. What is Alimta used for? Alimta is used to treat two types of cancer: pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs that is usually caused by exposure to asbestos). Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is <t>likely</t> to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
4. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "likely" with surface form "likely" and a context sentence. We need to choose the best indexed sense from four candidates.

Let's analyze the context: "Alimta is used together with cisplatin ... when the cancer is unresectable ... and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body)..."

The phrase is "is likely to spread easily". The context describes a medical condition where the cancer has spread or has a good chance of spreading. So "likely" here means "has a good chance of being the case".

Let's check sense 1: definition="has a good chance of being the case or of coming about", examples: "these services are likely to be available...", "she is likely to forget". This matches the usage: "is likely to spread" means it has a good chance of spreading.

Sense 2: "likely but not certain to be or become true or real", synonyms=probable, examples: "a likely result". This is similar but note sense 1 explicitly has "has a good chance" and the example "she is likely to forget" shows the same "is likely to" construction. Sense 2 is more about something being probable, but sense 1 seems more direct. In WordNet, sense 1 is likely%3:00:00::, sense 2 is likely%3:00:04::. They are both adjectives but sense 1 is the primary sense. The context uses "is likely to spread", which is a standard construction. Sense 1's example "she is likely to forget" matches the structure. Sense 2's example "a likely result" is attributive. So sense 1 is better.

Sense 3: "expected to become or be; in prospect", synonyms=potential, examples: "potential clients". That doesn't fit as well because "likely" here isn't "potential" but "has a good chance".

Sense 4: "within the realm of credibility", example: "not a very likely excuse". That's about believability, not relevant.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best.

Now, return JSON with sense_index: 1.