[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: authority
Target surface form: authorities
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public <t>authorities</t>, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=authority%1:07:00:: | definition=the power or right to give orders or make decisions | synonyms=authorization, authorisation, potency, dominance, say-so | examples=he has the authority to issue warrants; deputies are given authorization to make arrests
2. sense_key=authority%1:18:01:: | definition=(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others | examples=the authorities have issued a curfew
3. sense_key=authority%1:18:00:: | definition=an expert whose views are taken as definitive | examples=he is an authority on corporate law
4. sense_key=authority%1:09:00:: | definition=freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities | synonyms=assurance, self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, sureness | examples=his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular; after that failure he lost his confidence
5. sense_key=authority%1:14:00:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, office | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
6. sense_key=authority%1:07:02:: | definition=official permission or approval | synonyms=authorization, authorisation, sanction | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
7. sense_key=authority%1:10:00:: | definition=an authoritative written work | examples=this book is the final authority on the life of Milton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: authority. Target surface form: authorities. Context: The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference... Over 100 participants... debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

We need to choose the best WordNet sense from the candidates. The target is "authorities" (plural). The context is "public authorities" in a list of key actors. This likely refers to governmental or administrative bodies. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. power or right to give orders (abstract)
2. (usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others (the authorities have issued a curfew) -> This fits plural "authorities" as persons/organizations with control.
3. expert (singular)
4. confidence (abstract)
5. administrative unit of government (agency, bureau) -> This could also work: public authorities as government agencies. But note sense 5 is "authority" as an agency, but the examples are like "Central Intelligence Agency", "Census Bureau", which are specific agencies. However, "public authorities" could be a generic term for government bodies. Sense 2 specifies "persons who exercise (administrative) control", which is broader and includes officials. In the context, "public authorities" likely refers to government officials or bodies with administrative power. Sense 2 says "usually plural" and the example "the authorities have issued a curfew" matches the use of "authorities" as the people in control. Sense 5 is specifically an administrative unit, like an agency, but the phrase "public authorities" often means government bodies in general. However, WordNet sense 5 is a countable agency, bureau, etc. Sense 2 is the collective persons exercising control. I'll compare: "the role of key actors including public authorities" – here "authorities" are actors, so they are persons/organizations. Sense 2 directly says persons who exercise control. Sense 5 is an administrative unit of government, which could also be considered an actor. But sense 2 is more directly about the people, and it's explicitly marked as usually plural, which matches the plural form. So I think sense 2 is the best.

Check: sense 2: (usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others. Example: "the authorities have issued a curfew." That is exactly the kind of usage: public authorities as the people who govern.

Sense 5: an administrative unit of government; the examples are specific agencies like CIA, Census Bureau. While it could be synonymous, "public authorities" usually refers to the government in its regulatory capacity, which is broader than a single agency. The context lists it alongside social partners, voluntary organizations, etc., as types of actors, so likely the generic governing bodies. Sense 2 is a better fit because it captures the plural usage and the idea of exercising control. So I'll go with sense 2.

Thus, output: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, <t>social</t> partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Target lemma: social", "Target surface form: social". Context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The phrase is "social partners". We need to choose the best sense for "social" here.

Look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

In context: "key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users." "Social partners" is a term often used in labor relations and economics, referring to representatives of employers and workers (like trade unions and employer organizations). It relates to society and its organizations, not to socializing or high society. So the best fit is sense 1: "relating to human society and its members", as in "social institutions". The example "social institutions" aligns with "social partners" as institutions in society.

Sense 2 is about living together or enjoying life, which is not exactly the meaning here. Sense 3 is about high society. Sense 4 is for clubs or gatherings for sociability. Sense 5 is about gregarious animals/insects. Sense 6 is about friendly companionship. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Venice

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: voluntary
Target surface form: voluntary
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, <t>voluntary</t> and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:01:: | definition=of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled | examples=man is a voluntary agent; participation was voluntary
2. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:02:: | definition=controlled by individual volition | examples=voluntary motions; voluntary muscles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "voluntary" in the context: "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations". The target is "voluntary" as an adjective modifying "organisations". The two candidate senses:
1. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:01:: definition=of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled. examples=man is a voluntary agent; participation was voluntary
2. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:02:: definition=controlled by individual volition. examples=voluntary motions; voluntary muscles

In the context, "voluntary and community organisations" refers to organizations that are not-for-profit, run by volunteers, or part of the voluntary sector. This is a common phrase. The sense that fits here is "done by choice, not forced" – meaning these are organizations that people choose to join or work for without compulsion, typically charitable or community-based. The second sense relates to physiological control (muscles, motions), which doesn't fit at all. Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

The answer should be a JSON object with the sense_index. Since the first listed sense is index 1, we return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: community
Target surface form: community
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and <t>community</t> organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=community%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people living in a particular local area | examples=the team is drawn from all parts of the community
2. sense_key=community%1:21:00:: | definition=common ownership | examples=they shared a community of possessions
3. sense_key=community%1:14:04:: | definition=a group of nations having common interests | examples=they hoped to join the NATO community
4. sense_key=community%1:26:00:: | definition=agreement as to goals | synonyms=community of interests | examples=the preachers and the bootleggers found they had a community of interests
5. sense_key=community%1:15:00:: | definition=a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences | synonyms=residential district, residential area
6. sense_key=community%1:14:02:: | definition=(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | synonyms=biotic community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "community" in the given context. The target word is "community" as part of the phrase "voluntary and community organisations". Let's analyze the context:

- The text discusses a conference about a critical challenge, with participants from interest groups including "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."
- It mentions involving users in service planning and provision. The phrase "community organisations" suggests organizations that serve or represent a community, likely a local group of people. So it's about organizations that are part of or for the community.

Now, let's review the candidate senses:

1. community%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people living in a particular local area | examples=the team is drawn from all parts of the community
2. community%1:21:00:: | definition=common ownership | examples=they shared a community of possessions
3. community%1:14:04:: | definition=a group of nations having common interests | examples=they hoped to join the NATO community
4. community%1:26:00:: | definition=agreement as to goals | synonyms=community of interests | examples=the preachers and the bootleggers found they had a community of interests
5. community%1:15:00:: | definition=a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences | synonyms=residential district, residential area
6. community%1:14:02:: | definition=(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | synonyms=biotic community

The phrase "community organisations" refers to organizations that are based in or serve a community, which is typically a group of people in a local area. Sense 1 is "a group of people living in a particular local area" which fits well. Sense 5 is "residential district", which is more about the physical area rather than the people. In "community organisations", the focus is on the social group, not just the district. Sense 3 is about nations, too broad. Sense 4 is about agreement, not applicable. Sense 2 is common ownership, not applicable. Sense 6 is ecological. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, the answer should be sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organisation
Target surface form: organisations
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community <t>organisations</t> as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organisation%1:14:01:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
2. sense_key=organisation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who work together | synonyms=organization
3. sense_key=organisation%1:09:00:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, system | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
4. sense_key=organisation%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, system | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here
5. sense_key=organisation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business | synonyms=organization | examples=he was brought in to supervise the organization of a new department
6. sense_key=organisation%1:04:01:: | definition=the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically | synonyms=organization | examples=his organization of the work force was very efficient
7. sense_key=organisation%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, establishment, formation, organization | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "organisation" with the surface form "organisations" in the given context. The context is: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community <t>organisations</t> as well as service users."

We need to choose the best sense from 7 candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context: The target word "organisations" is used in the phrase "voluntary and community organisations", which is clearly referring to groups of people who work together, such as non-profit groups, charities, community groups. The sentence mentions "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users." So it's listing types of key actors. "Voluntary and community organisations" are entities in their own right, not activities or structures of arranging things.

Candidate senses:

1. administration, governance, governing body – this is about the persons who manage something. Not the right fit because "voluntary and community organisations" are not typically described as administrative bodies.

2. a group of people who work together – this fits perfectly. Voluntary and community organisations are groups of people who work together for a common purpose, often non-profit.

3. an organized structure for arranging or classifying – this is about arrangement or classification systems, not groups of people.

4. an ordered manner; orderliness – abstract quality, not applicable to "organisations" as tangible entities.

5. the act of organizing a business or activity – this is an action, not a group of people.

6. the activity or result of distributing persons or things – again, an action or result, not an entity.

7. the act of forming or establishing something – also an action.

So sense 2 is the only one that refers to a group of people (the organization itself), which is the standard reading of "organisation" in this context.

Thus, the answer is sense index 2.

Output as JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as <t>service</t> users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "service" in the given context. The context is about a conference on involving interest groups and users in "service planning" and "service provision". The phrase "service users" is used, and then "involve users in service planning" and "their involvement in service provision". So, here "service" likely refers to some kind of public or social service, like health care, social work, etc. The context mentions "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations", which suggests public services or social services.

Now, examine the candidate senses:

1. service%1:04:08:: - work done by one person or group that benefits another - examples: budget separately for goods and services. This is a very general sense: economic service. Could fit, but maybe too broad.

2. service%1:04:00:: - an act of help or assistance - example: he did them a service. This is more like a favor. Not likely here.

3. religious service - obviously not.

4. service%1:14:05:: - a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation - like a utility. Could be, but the context talks about "service users" and "service planning" and "service provision", which suggests the service itself, not the company.

5. service%1:04:07:: - employment in or work for another - "he retired after 30 years of service". Not this.

6. military service - no.

7. Robert Service - no.

8. service%1:07:00:: - a means of serving - synonyms: avail, help - examples: of no avail; there's no help for it. Not likely.

9. table service - no.

10. animal mating - no.

11. feudal law - no.

12. sports serve - no.

13. delivering a writ - no.

14. periodic maintenance - no.

15. service%1:04:06:: - the performance of duties by a waiter or servant - no.

Now, focusing on sense 1 and sense 4. Sense 4 is a company/agency, but the text says "service users" and "involvement in service provision" - that sounds like the actual service (work done) not the agency. Also, "public authorities" are involved, but they aren't the service itself; they might plan services. Sense 1 is very general, but is there a better fit? WordNet sometimes has a sense for "public service". Wait, sense 4 is exactly that: a company or agency that performs a public service. But note the definition: "a company or agency". In context, "service users" would then mean users of that company/agency, which is possible. But "service provision" would mean providing the service, but the entity provides the service. Typically, in public policy contexts, "service" refers to the actual work or benefit, not the organization. For example, "social services" often refers to the assistance provided, not just the department. Sense 1 is "work done by one person or group that benefits another". Example: "budget separately for goods and services". That's very broad and applies to any service. However, the context mentions "public authorities", "voluntary and community organisations", and "service users" - this is typical language in social service discourse. Sense 1 might be too broad; is there a sense for "social service"? The candidate list doesn't include a specific "social service" sense. There is also sense 4, but that explicitly defines it as a company or agency. The phrase "service users" commonly refers to users of public services like healthcare, social care, etc., which are services, not the organizations per se. The organizations provide the services. In the sentence "involve users in service planning", it's about planning the service, not the agency. So sense 1 fits better: the work done. Note that sense 1 is the most common general sense for "service" as an intangible economic good.

Sense 2 is "act of help or assistance", which is similar but more like a favor, not an institutionalized service.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

Check the index: it says "sense_key=service%1:04:08::". The number 1 in the list is that. The instruction: return a JSON like {"sense_index": 1}. So the index is 1.

Therefore, answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: user
Target surface form: users
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service <t>users</t>. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=user%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something
2. sense_key=user%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who uses something or someone selfishly or unethically | synonyms=exploiter
3. sense_key=user%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who takes drugs | synonyms=drug user, substance abuser

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "users" in the context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

The word "users" appears as "service users" and later "users" alone. The context is about a conference on some critical challenge, likely related to public services. The participants include various stakeholders: public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations, and service users. The discussion involves involving users in service planning and provision. So "service users" refers to people who use a service (likely social services, public services, etc.). There's no indication of drug use or exploitation. The sense is clearly the first one: a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something. So sense index 1.

The instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." We need to output the index as an integer.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: cases
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few <t>cases</t> reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "cases" in the sentence: "There were relatively few <t>cases</t> reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

Let's examine the context. The sentence talks about "cases reported" of "attempts to involve users in service planning." This suggests instances or occurrences where such attempts were made. The word "reported" indicates that these are reported occurrences or examples.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense 1: "an occurrence of something" (instance, example) with example: "it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday." This fits well: "few cases reported" = few occurrences reported.
2. sense 2: "a special set of circumstances" (event) with example: "in that event..." This could also fit, but "cases reported" sounds more like instances rather than sets of circumstances. Sense 1 is more direct: "an occurrence."
3. sense 3: legal proceeding – not relevant.
4. sense 4: "the actual state of things" – not relevant.
5. sense 5: container – not relevant.
6. sense 6: person requiring professional services – not relevant.
7. sense 7: person as experimental subject – not relevant; here "cases" are attempts, not people.
8. sense 8: problem requiring investigation – not exactly; it's about attempts, not a crime or puzzle.
9. sense 9: statement of facts – not relevant.
10. sense 10: quantity – not relevant.
11. sense 11: grammatical case – not relevant.
12. sense 12: state of mind – not relevant.
13. sense 13: eccentric person – not relevant.
14. sense 14: font – not relevant.
15. sense 15: enveloping structure (biology) – not relevant.
16. sense 16: housing or covering – not relevant.
17. sense 17: frame around door/window – not relevant.
18. sense 18: printing receptacle – not relevant.
19. sense 19: pillowcase – not relevant.
20. sense 20: glass container – not relevant.

So the most plausible senses are 1 and 2. Sense 1: "an occurrence of something" with synonyms "instance, example". In the context: "few cases reported of attempts" means few instances/examples of attempts. Sense 2: "a special set of circumstances" but the example "in that event" suggests a particular situation or scenario. Here, "cases" is plural and refers to specific reported attempts. Each attempt is an occurrence. Sense 1 seems more precise. Moreover, the gloss for sense 1 says "an occurrence of something" and the example uses "case of bad judgment", which parallels "cases of attempts". So sense 1 is the best fit.

Thus, choose index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reported
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases <t>reported</t> of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research
3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City
6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "reported" in context: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." The target lemma is "report", surface form "reported".

We need to choose the best sense among the 6 candidates.

Context: "cases reported" – this means instances that were brought to attention or documented. The phrase "cases reported of attempts" suggests that there were few instances where attempts were mentioned or documented. The sense likely involves communicating information, possibly to an authority or just publicly.

Let's examine each sense:

1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental. This is a general sense of describing something. Could fit: cases that were described/accounted. But "reported" often implies a more formal or official communication.

2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research. This sense implies reporting findings, often from data collection or investigation. "cases reported" fits: incidents that were reported (announced) based on investigation or experience. The context is about a conference discussing involvement of users, and they note that there were few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning. This sounds like data or findings from a study or review. The example "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily" is similar: incidents being reported as findings. This seems like a strong candidate.

3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock. Not applicable.

4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal. This implies reporting someone to an authority, often for wrongdoing. "cases reported" might be ambiguous, but here it's "cases reported of attempts" – it's not about reporting a person, but about the occurrence of attempts. So this is less likely.

5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City. This is about journalism, not applicable here.

6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor. Similar to sense 4, implies making a complaint. Not about "cases" of attempts.

Thus, sense 2 is the best fit: the cases are reported as findings or data. In the example, "Dozens of incidents ... are reported daily" matches "There were relatively few cases reported". So, sense_index = 2.

The answer format: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attempt
Target surface form: attempts
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of <t>attempts</t> to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attempt%1:04:00:: | definition=earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something | synonyms=effort, endeavor, endeavour, try | examples=made an effort to cover all the reading material; wished him luck in his endeavor
2. sense_key=attempt%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of attacking | synonyms=attack | examples=attacks on women increased last year; they made an attempt on his life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the target word "attempts" in the given context. The candidate senses are two: sense 1 meaning "earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something" (effort, endeavor, try), and sense 2 meaning "the act of attacking" (attack). The context is about a conference involving interest groups and service users, and then mentions: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." Clearly, "attempts" here refers to efforts to involve users in service planning. It is not an attack. So, sense 1 is correct. We output JSON with sense_index: 1.

But the instructions say: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." And "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". So we output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involve
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to <t>involve</t> users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "involve" in the given context. The target word appears in the sentence: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to <t>involve</t> users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

We have 7 candidate senses. Let's analyze each:

Sense 1: connect closely and often incriminatingly (affect, regard). Example: "This new ruling affects your business." This doesn't fit: involving users in planning isn't incriminating or connecting closely in a negative way.

Sense 2: engage as a participant. Example: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" This fits well: "attempts to involve users in service planning" means engaging users as participants in the planning process.

Sense 3: have as a necessary feature (imply). Example: "This decision involves many changes." This sense is about logical entailment or including features, not about including people as participants. "involve users" doesn't mean users are a necessary feature; it means to engage them.

Sense 4: require as useful, just, or proper (necessitate, need, etc.). Example: "It takes nerve..." Not fitting; users are not required as a necessity.

Sense 5: contain as a part. Example: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses." This is about parts or components. "involve users" could be seen as including them as part of planning, but typically, when we talk about involving people, it's about participation, not mere inclusion as a component.

Sense 6: occupy or engage the interest of. Example: "His story completely involved me..." This is about capturing attention, not about engaging participation.

Sense 7: make complex or intricate. Example: "The situation was rather involved." Not applicable.

The best fit is Sense 2: engage as a participant. The context is about attempts to get users to take part in service planning.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: user
Target surface form: users
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve <t>users</t> in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=user%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something
2. sense_key=user%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who uses something or someone selfishly or unethically | synonyms=exploiter
3. sense_key=user%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who takes drugs | synonyms=drug user, substance abuser

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "users" in the given context. The target word is "users", surface form "users", and lemma "user". The context is from a text about a conference on involving various groups, including service users. The sentence: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." The broader context also mentions "service users" earlier: "the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users." So "users" here clearly refers to people who use services, i.e., service users. Among the senses:

1. a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something.
2. a person who uses something or someone selfishly or unethically (exploiter).
3. a person who takes drugs (drug user, substance abuser).

Sense 1 is the general "someone who uses something". Since the context is about service users, it fits perfectly: people who use services. Sense 2 has a negative connotation of selfish/unethical use, which doesn't fit the neutral or positive context of service provision. Sense 3 is specific to drug users, not indicated.

Thus, choose sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in <t>service</t> planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "service" and target surface form "service". The context is about a conference dealing with involvement of users in service planning and service provision, in the context of public welfare. The sentence: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." So "service" appears in "service planning" and "service provision". The context is about public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations, and service users. It's discussing the role of these groups. The term "service" here refers to the kind of services provided by public welfare, like social services, community services, etc. It is about work done for the benefit of others. The best fit is sense 1: "work done by one person or group that benefits another" with example "budget separately for goods and services". This sense is about service as an intangible commodity. The phrase "service planning" and "service provision" clearly refer to the planning and delivery of such services. Other senses don't fit: sense 2 is an act of help or assistance, but it's more like a favor. Sense 4 is a company or agency that performs a public service, but here "service" is not referring to an organization but to the activity. Sense 5 is employment. Sense 14 is periodic maintenance, not relevant. Sense 15 is performance of duties by a waiter. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: planning
Target surface form: planning
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service <t>planning</t> but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=planning%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action | examples=the planning was more fun than the trip itself
2. sense_key=planning%1:04:02:: | definition=the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise
3. sense_key=planning%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening | synonyms=preparation, provision | examples=his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "planning" in the given context. We have three candidate senses. We need to choose the best one based on the context.

Let's read the context: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

The phrase is "service planning". It seems to refer to the act of planning services, likely in the context of public welfare, involving users in the design or arrangement of services. This is about planning as an activity, not just thinking or formulating a program in a general sense.

Now, examine the senses:

1. sense_key=planning%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action | examples=the planning was more fun than the trip itself
   - This is a general sense: formulating a program. Could fit, but note example is about something fun, maybe not institutional.

2. sense_key=planning%1:04:02:: | definition=the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise
   - This is more specific: drawing up plans or layouts for a project or enterprise. "Service planning" as part of public welfare could be a project or enterprise. This sense is about the process or act. Example not given, but it's a separate sense.

3. sense_key=planning%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening | synonyms=preparation, provision | examples=his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties
   - This is a cognitive process, thinking ahead. Example about retirement planning, which is personal.

In the context, "involve users in service planning" suggests they are involved in the process of designing or organizing services. This is not just a cognitive process (sense 3), because it's not about individuals thinking ahead; it's about a collaborative, organizational activity. Sense 1 is "formulating a program", which could be similar, but sense 2 explicitly mentions "drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise". "Service planning" in welfare contexts often refers to the planning of services, which is an enterprise/project.

Sense 2 seems more specific to planning as a process in a project/enterprise, whereas sense 1 is a bit broader. In WordNet, these are fine-grained distinctions. Sense 2 is "the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts", which fits perfectly. Sense 1 is "an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action". Both could work, but sense 2 mentions "drawing up plans", which aligns with the idea of "service planning" as a systematic activity. The context also contrasts "service planning" with "service provision", where planning is the design phase. Sense 3 is clearly not appropriate because it's a cognitive process, not an organizational act.

Thus, I'll choose sense 2.

But note: The instructions say to return JSON with sense_index. So output like {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involvement
Target surface form: involvement
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their <t>involvement</t> in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen
3. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music
4. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour
5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "involvement" in the given context.

Context: The text talks about a foundation organizing a conference on a critical challenge. Then: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." So "their involvement" refers to the users being involved in service provision. The sentence contrasts involvement in service planning (few cases) with involvement in service provision (more common).

We need to pick from the candidate senses.

Analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities

This fits: users' involvement in service provision means they are participating, engaging in the activities of service provision.

2. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen

This is more about being implicated or included in something, often negative or medical. Not the best fit for active participation in service provision.

3. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music

This is about mental interest, not necessarily active participation. The context says "involvement in service provision" which implies active participation, not just curiosity.

4. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour

Not relevant.

5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation

This is very close to sense 1. The definition is "the condition of sharing in common with others", and it has synonym "participation". However, note that sense 1 is "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" (emphasis on act), while sense 5 is "the condition of sharing". They are very similar. The examples given for sense 5 are not provided here, but judging by the definition, it's more about a state or condition, while sense 1 is an act. In the context: "their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." It could be interpreted as the act of participating (they actually do things in service provision) or the condition of being involved. But typically, "involvement" in such contexts refers to active participation. Sense 1 explicitly says "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" and the example "engagement in class activities" parallels "involvement in service provision". The synonym "engagement" is exactly what the first sentence uses: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference" – but that's a different instance. For the target word, "their involvement in service provision" refers to users actively participating. Sense 1 seems like the best match.

Sense 5 says "the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)" That might be more about being partners, but sense 1 is more action-oriented. In many contexts, WordNet separates fine-grained senses, but typically for "involvement" in something like "involvement in an activity", the first sense (act of sharing) is used. So I'll go with sense 1.

Check the instruction: "Choose the single best indexed sense." Indexed sense means the number? They probably want the index as given. The candidate senses are numbered 1-5. So I'll output {"sense_index": 1}.

But careful: The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." And "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}" – they use "sense_index" as key. The example in instruction uses sense_index. So I'll output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in <t>service</t> provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "service" with the surface form "service" in the given context. The context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in <t>service</t> provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare"

We have 15 candidate senses. We need to choose the single best indexed sense.

Let's analyze the context: The text talks about a conference, participants, roles of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations, and service users. It mentions "involve users in service planning" and "their involvement in service provision". So the target "service" appears in the phrase "service provision". This is about providing some kind of service, likely social services, public services, or welfare services. The text mentions "public welfare" later. So the sense is likely related to work done for the benefit of others, such as public services, social services.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

The context: "service provision" is a common phrase in social policy, public administration, where "service" refers to the work done by organizations to benefit the public or specific groups. Sense 1: "work done by one person or group that benefits another" fits well with "service provision" in the context of public welfare, voluntary organizations, etc. Sense 4: "a company or agency that performs a public service" is a noun referring to the organization itself, not the work. In "service provision", we are talking about the provision of a service (the work), not the provision of an agency. Sense 2: "an act of help or assistance" is more like a single act, but here it's a general activity of providing services. Sense 1 is the most general and common for social services, etc. Also, examples: "budget separately for goods and services" fits the economic/administrative context.

Thus, sense index 1 is the best match.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: provision
Target surface form: provision
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service <t>provision</t> was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=provision%1:10:00:: | definition=a stipulated condition | synonyms=proviso | examples=he accepted subject to one provision
2. sense_key=provision%1:04:01:: | definition=the activity of supplying or providing something | synonyms=supply, supplying
3. sense_key=provision%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening | synonyms=planning, preparation | examples=his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties
4. sense_key=provision%1:21:00:: | definition=a store or supply of something (especially of food or clothing or arms)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "provision" in the given context. The target word is "provision" in the sentence: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." We need to choose the best indexed sense from four candidates.

The senses provided:
1. provision as a stipulated condition (proviso) – example: he accepted subject to one provision.
2. provision as the activity of supplying or providing something – synonyms: supply, supplying.
3. provision as the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening – synonyms: planning, preparation – example: his planning for retirement...
4. provision as a store or supply of something (especially food, clothing, arms).

Context: The sentence contrasts "involve users in service planning" with "involvement in service provision". So "service planning" vs. "service provision". The first is about planning services, the second about actually providing/delivering services. So "provision" here clearly means the act of supplying or providing services. That matches sense 2.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was <t>found</t> to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "found" in the sentence: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

We need to select from 16 candidate senses. The word is "found" (past tense of "find") and it appears in a passive construction: "was found to be more common". This means that someone determined or discovered that their involvement was more common. It's a finding after investigation or observation.

Let's analyze the context: The Foundation organized a conference, participants debated issues, and then: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common." So, from the conference or from the cases reported, they "found" that involvement in service provision was more common. It's a discovery or observation based on evidence or reports.

Now, let's look at the candidate senses:

1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with (happen, chance, bump, encounter) – This is about accidentally encountering something, like finding an idea in Plato. Not appropriate here; it's not accidental encounter.

2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (detect, observe, discover, notice) – Example: "She detected high levels of lead". This sense is about discovering something that exists, like traces of lead. It fits: they discovered the fact that involvement in service provision was common. It is about determining a fact or existence.

3. come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost (regain) – This is about finding something lost, like glasses. Not applicable; no searching for a lost item.

4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find out, ascertain) – This sense explicitly mentions investigation, survey, or study. The example: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize." The context is a conference dealing with a challenge, cases reported; it likely involves some investigation or study. They "found" after some observation/study that involvement was common. This sense is about establishing something through investigation, which fits perfectly.

5. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds (feel) – This is about personal intuition, not factual determination. Not appropriate.

6. perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness, see) – This means to be alive during a period or witness something. Not applicable.

7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose (line up, get hold, come up) – This is about obtaining something for a purpose. Not about discovering a fact.

8. make a discovery, make a new finding (discover) – This is about discovering something new, like a scientific discovery. It might fit, but sense 4 is more specific about establishing through investigation. Sense 8 is broader: "Roentgen discovered X-rays". It could be a discovery that involvement was common, but sense 4 captures the process of ascertaining.

9. make a discovery (discover) – Similar to 8, but the example "She found that he had lied to her" is like realizing something. Sense 4 is more precise for surveys/studies.

10. obtain through effort or management (like finding time/money). Not relevant.

11. decide on and make a declaration about (find guilty). Not relevant.

12. receive a specified treatment (abstract) – Example: "find expression". Not relevant.

13. perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place. Not relevant.

14. recover, retrieve, regain. Not relevant.

15. succeed in reaching; arrive at (the arrow found its mark). Not relevant.

16. accept and make use of one's personality (find oneself). Not relevant.

The best choice is between sense 2, sense 4, and sense 8. Sense 4 is specifically about establishing after investigation, calculation, etc. That seems most precise for a study/survey context. The sentence says "was found to be more common" – that indicates they determined or established that fact based on the cases reported or the conference outcomes. So I'd pick sense 4.

Now, we need to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be <t>more</t> common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "more" in the sentence: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

The target word is "more" as an adverb modifying "common". So we need to look at the adverb senses. The two candidate senses are both adverbs: sense_key=more%4:02:00:: and sense_key=more%4:02:01::.

Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" | synonyms: to a greater extent | examples: more interesting; more beautiful.
Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent" | examples: he works more now; they eat more than they should.

In the context, "more common" is using "more" to form the comparative of the adjective "common". That matches sense 1 exactly: used to form the comparative. Sense 2 is more about quantity or degree of an action (works more, eat more), not directly forming a comparative adjective. The phrase "more common" is a comparative adjective, so sense 1 is the best fit.

Therefore, the index is 1.