[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of <t>generosity</t> In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "generosity" in the given context. The target sentence is: "The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion..." Wait, careful: the context says: "The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory..." It seems like the text might be a bit garbled. But reading the whole context: It discusses immigration policy, political stances, and then says: "The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion..." Actually, the last sentence reads: "The only difference, the degree of <t>generosity</t> In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right." So it's saying the only difference is the degree of generosity? And then "In 2005, the fear..." is a separate clause? Possibly it means: "The only difference is the degree of generosity. In 2005, the fear..." But the sentence is awkward. However, the key is: "the degree of generosity" — in the context of immigration policy, where both Left and Right share some consensus on restricting immigration, but differ in the degree of generosity. So generosity here refers to a willingness to be giving or unselfish, likely in terms of allowing immigrants in, being generous with admission policies. So it's about the trait of being willing to give money or time? Or acting generously? Both senses are similar. Sense 1: the trait of being willing to give your money or time. Sense 2: acting generously, synonyms: unselfishness. In this context, "degree of generosity" likely means the level of willingness to accept immigrants, which is about being generous in a broad sense, not necessarily about money or time, but about being unselfish or open. However, sense 1 is specifically about giving money or time, while sense 2 is more abstract: acting generously, unselfishness. In political discourse, "generosity" often refers to a generous attitude or policy, which aligns more with unselfishness. But sense 1 is the trait of being willing to give, which could also apply to giving opportunities, not just literally money/time. WordNet examples might help, but we don't have them. Given that the context is about immigration policy and the "degree of generosity" as a difference between Left and Right, it likely refers to the trait of being generous (willing to be open) rather than the specific act of acting generously. Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" — this is a character trait. Sense 2: "acting generously" — this is the act or state of being generous. The phrase "degree of generosity" could be the degree to which they possess the trait (sense 1) or the degree to which they act generously (sense 2). But sense 2 is defined as "acting generously", which is more about a specific action or behavior, while the context talks about a general stance. Another clue: The candidate senses are indexed 1 and 2. I need to choose one. I think sense 1 is more appropriate because it's about the trait, which matches "degree of X" where X is a trait. Sense 2 seems to be a noun describing the act of being generous. For example, "His generosity was appreciated" could be either. But WordNet often distinguishes between a character trait and an act. Here, the difference in degree is a difference in how generous they are, i.e., their generousness. That is sense 1: "generousness" is given as a synonym. Sense 2's synonym is "unselfishness". Both are plausible, but I'll lean towards sense 1 because "generousness" directly captures the trait. However, let's think: In the context, they are contrasting Left and Right on immigration; the only difference is the degree of generosity. That means how generous they are in allowing immigrants. That is a character trait, not just a single act. So sense 1: the trait of being willing to give. So I'll pick sense 1.

Thus: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fear
Target surface form: fear
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the <t>fear</t> of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fear%1:12:00:: | definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. sense_key=fear%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=fear%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "fear", surface form "fear". The context: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."

We have three candidate senses:
1. an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight); synonyms: fearfulness, fright.
2. an anxious feeling; synonyms: concern, care; examples: care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction.
3. a feeling of profound respect for someone or something; synonyms: reverence, awe, veneration; examples: the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead.

In the context, "fear of invasion" is about an anxious concern about a possible event (invasion by Polish plumbers). It's a political fear, not an immediate physical danger, but an anxious feeling about a societal issue. Sense 2 fits best: "an anxious feeling" with synonyms "concern, care". The example "fear of public reaction" parallels "fear of invasion" – it's a fear of something happening that causes concern. Sense 1 is more about immediate danger and physical reaction. Sense 3 is about reverence, which doesn't fit.

Thus, sense_index: 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: WandB

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: invasion
Target surface form: invasion
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of <t>invasion</t> of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=invasion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder
2. sense_key=invasion%1:11:00:: | definition=any entry into an area not previously occupied | synonyms=encroachment, intrusion | examples=an invasion of tourists; an invasion of locusts
3. sense_key=invasion%1:11:01:: | definition=(pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body | examples=the tumor's invasion of surrounding structures

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "invasion" in the given context. The context talks about the fear of "invasion" of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers. This is clearly a metaphorical use of invasion, not a literal military invasion. The "hordes of Polish plumbers" refer to a large influx of people, not an army. The context is about immigration and the economic impact of foreign workers. Sense 2: "any entry into an area not previously occupied" with synonyms "encroachment, intrusion" and examples "an invasion of tourists; an invasion of locusts" fits perfectly. It captures the idea of a large group entering, which in this case is plumbers, a type of worker. Sense 1 is about military conquest, not applicable. Sense 3 is pathological, not applicable. Therefore, sense 2 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: territory
Target surface form: territory
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national <t>territory</t> by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=territory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region marked off for administrative or other purposes | synonyms=district, territorial dominion, dominion
2. sense_key=territory%1:09:00:: | definition=an area of knowledge or interest | examples=his questions covered a lot of territory
3. sense_key=territory%1:15:01:: | definition=the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state | synonyms=soil | examples=American troops were stationed on Japanese soil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "territory" in context. The sentence is: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right." We need to choose the best sense among three provided.

The three senses:
1. sense_key=territory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region marked off for administrative or other purposes | synonyms=district, territorial dominion, dominion
2. sense_key=territory%1:09:00:: | definition=an area of knowledge or interest | examples=his questions covered a lot of territory
3. sense_key=territory%1:15:01:: | definition=the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state | synonyms=soil | examples=American troops were stationed on Japanese soil

Context: "national territory" clearly refers to the geographical area of a nation-state. The talk is about invasion by Polish plumbers, a fear related to immigration and the nation's physical borders. Sense 3 explicitly mentions "the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state" with synonym "soil". Sense 1 is about administrative regions (like a district), and sense 2 is metaphorical (knowledge area). Thus, sense 3 is the most fitting.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: horde
Target surface form: hordes
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=horde%1:14:00:: | definition=a vast multitude | synonyms=host, legion
2. sense_key=horde%1:14:02:: | definition=a nomadic community
3. sense_key=horde%1:14:01:: | definition=a moving crowd | synonyms=drove, swarm

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: horde, surface form: hordes. Context: "... fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers ..." The sentence is about a fear of invasion by large groups of Polish plumbers. The senses: 1. a vast multitude (synonyms: host, legion); 2. a nomadic community; 3. a moving crowd (drove, swarm). The context indicates a large number of people (plumbers) moving in, not a nomadic community. So it's between sense 1 and 3. Sense 1 is "a vast multitude" (host, legion) – a very large number. Sense 3 is "a moving crowd" (drove, swarm) – emphasizing movement. The phrase "invasion ... by hordes" suggests not just a large number, but a moving or advancing group. "Hordes" often implies a large, disruptive group moving in. Both could fit, but the image of an invasion suggests movement. The synonyms "drove, swarm" also fit. However, "vast multitude" is more static. The context says "fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers" – they are presumably coming in a moving crowd, an influx. So sense 3 might be better because it captures the idea of a moving crowd, like a swarm. WordNet gloss for sense 3: "a moving crowd" with synonyms drove, swarm. That fits "invasion by hordes". Sense 1 is just "vast multitude" without the movement. Typically, "hordes" in this context evokes the Mongol hordes, etc., which are nomadic or moving. Sense 2 is "nomadic community", which is too specific and not fitting Polish plumbers. So I'll go with sense 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: Left
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: target lemma: left, target surface form: Left, context: ... "Consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject." ... "felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right." Clearly, "Left" refers to a political group, i.e., the left wing. Sense 2: those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare, synonyms: left wing. That matches perfectly. So sense index 2.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%1:07:00:: | definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people
2. sense_key=right%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right
3. sense_key=right%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right | synonyms=right field
4. sense_key=right%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing
5. sense_key=right%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | synonyms=right hand | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left; hit him with quick rights to the body
6. sense_key=right%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
7. sense_key=right%1:07:01:: | definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | synonyms=rightfulness | examples=he feels he is in the right; the rightfulness of his claim
8. sense_key=right%1:21:00:: | definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights; film rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "Right" in the given context. The context talks about political Left and Right in France. "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac ... and on the Left by Michel Rocard ..." It's clearly about political ideology, with "Right" being capitalized and contrasted with "Left". So the sense is about the political right wing. Looking at the candidate senses, sense 4 is: "those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged" with synonyms "right wing". That matches perfectly.

Thus the answer is sense_index 4.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: sides
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "sides" in the given context. The target lemma is "side" and the surface form is "sides". We need to choose the best indexed sense from the 12 candidate senses provided.

Let's read the context carefully:

"But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

The target word "sides" appears in: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden..." Here, "Both sides" refers to the political Left and Right that were just discussed. So "sides" refers to two opposing political factions or groups in a debate or contest. This is a metaphorical use, not a physical side.

Now look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location (examples: they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side) -> This is about physical location relative to some center. Not applicable.

2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: definition=one of two or more contesting groups (examples: the Confederate side was prepared to attack) -> This fits perfectly: the Left and Right are contesting groups in a political debate. "Both sides see immigrants as a burden" refers to the two opposing sides in the political spectrum.

3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: definition=either the left or right half of a body (examples: he had a pain in his side) -> body part, not applicable.

4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object (synonyms=face; examples: he examined all sides of the crystal) -> surface of object, not applicable.

5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: definition=an extended outer surface of an object (examples: he turned the box over to examine the bottom side) -> outer surface, not applicable.

6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) (examples: he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business) -> This could be a possibility: "both sides" could be seen as aspects? But here it's clearly about groups, not abstract aspects. "Both sides" refers to Left and Right as groups. This sense is more abstract, like "on the bright side". Not the best fit.

7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure (examples: the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side) -> geometry, no.

8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: definition=a family line of descent (examples: he gets his brains from his father's side) -> lineage, no.

9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food (side of meat) -> no.

10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute (synonyms=position; examples: there are two sides to every question) -> This is about opinion or position in an argument. While this is also plausible, sense 2 is about the groups themselves. "Both sides" in the context refers to the political factions, not just their opinions. But the line between group and opinion can be blurry. However, sense 2 explicitly says "one of two or more contesting groups" with example "the Confederate side". That fits perfectly: the Left and Right are contesting groups. Sense 10 is more about the stance or argument: "there are two sides to every question". But the phrase "Both sides see immigrants as a burden" uses "sides" as the subject, which are the groups holding the views. So sense 2 is more precise.

11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: definition=an elevated geological formation (slope, incline) -> no.

12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball (English) -> no.

Thus, the best index is 2.

We need to return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "burden" appearing in the given context. The target surface form is "burden". We need to select the best indexed sense among the provided candidates. The context discusses immigration and how both the Left and the Right see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and society. The meaning is clearly metaphorical: immigrants are considered an onerous concern or a heavy load in a figurative sense, not a physical weight. Let's examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
This sense refers to a figurative burden, something worrisome or oppressive. The example "the burden of responsibility" fits the context of a societal/economic concern.

2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
This is a physical weight, like carrying a heavy load. Not appropriate here.

3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
This is about the main idea of a text (like "the burden of the argument"). Not relevant.

4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
Similar to sense 3, it refers to a thematic content, not a concern or load.

The phrase "see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society" clearly aligns with sense 1: an onerous or difficult concern. The synonyms "load, encumbrance" also match the figurative use. Sense 2 is physical, senses 3 and 4 are about meaning/theme. Thus, sense 1 is correct.

Now, the instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we return a JSON with the index: 1.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "economy" in the given context. The target is "economy" used as a noun. The sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society." The context talks about immigration, political views, and the economic impact. The sense of "economy" here refers to the economic system of France, not frugality or savings. Looking at the candidates:

1. sense 1: "the system of production and distribution and consumption" (economic system). This fits perfectly: "French economy" means the economic system of France.

2. sense 2: "the efficient use of resources" (e.g., economy of effort). Not applicable.

3. sense 3: "frugality in the expenditure of money or resources" (thriftiness). Not applicable.

4. sense 4: "an act of economizing; reduction in cost" (saving). Not applicable.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1. Return JSON with sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "society" in the given context. The target surface form is "society" in the phrase "French society". Let's look at the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society." Here, "society" refers to the overall social structure or community of people in France, with its cultural and economic organization. It is not a formal association (sense 2), not the state of being with someone (sense 3), and not the fashionable elite (sense 4). Sense 1: "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization" fits perfectly for "French society" meaning the broad social group of France. So, the best indexed sense is sense_key=society%1:14:00::. Thus, the answer should be the index of that sense. Since the senses are listed as 1, 2, 3, 4, we pick 1.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "difference" in context. The target surface form is "difference". We have five candidate senses with definitions and examples.

Context: The text discusses the consensus between Left and Right on immigration, saying both see immigrants as a burden. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity. So "difference" here refers to the way in which they differ: it's not about quality of being unlike in general, nor a mathematical remainder, nor a significant change, nor a disagreement. It's specifically about a point of variation: the degree of generosity. Looking at the senses:
1. quality of being unlike or dissimilar: too general. The text says "The only difference, the degree of generosity" — it's a specific point of difference.
2. a variation that deviates from the standard or norm: deviation, divergence, departure. This could fit because the difference is in the degree of generosity, which is a variation. But is there a "standard or norm"? Not explicitly. It's about how the Left and Right differ on generosity.
3. disagreement or argument: not about a conflict; they agree on the basic stance, only the degree varies. So not a dispute.
4. significant change: not applicable.
5. mathematical remainder: no.

Sense 2 seems closest: "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" — here, maybe the norm is the anti-immigration stance, and the variation is in the degree of generosity. Or more simply, it's a variation between their positions. The examples: "the deviation from the mean" — that's statistical. But "difference" is often used as "a point or way in which people or things are not the same" (which aligns more with sense 1). However, sense 1 is "quality of being unlike" which is abstract. The context says "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity" — it's a specific point of difference, a variation. I think sense 1 is about the quality (like "there is a difference between A and B" meaning they are dissimilar), while sense 2 is about a specific variation that deviates. The phrase "the only difference" often means the only respect in which they differ, i.e., a particular point of dissimilarity. That's more like a specific instance of difference. WordNet sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" seems to refer to the abstract property. Sense 2: "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" — here, it could be interpreted as a departure from a common standard. But both sides share a common anti-immigrant stance, so the variation is in generosity. It's a deviation from some baseline? The synonym "deviation" might fit. However, I think the most straightforward mapping is sense 1 because it's simply saying the only thing that makes them different is the degree of generosity. But sense 1 is about the quality, not a specific differing feature. For example, "there are many differences between jazz and rock" uses "differences" as specific points of dissimilarity. Wait, the example for sense 1 is: "there are many differences between jazz and rock" — that shows differences as countable things, specific ways they differ. The definition says "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar", but the example uses it in a countable sense. Often WordNet senses conflate abstract and concrete. In this context, "The only difference" is clearly a specific point of difference. So sense 1 seems appropriate. Let's check: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity" means the single point of dissimilarity is the degree of generosity. That matches the example "there are many differences between jazz and rock" where differences are specific. So sense 1 is likely correct.

Sense 2 is "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm". That implies a baseline standard, which isn't explicitly there. Sense 3 is about conflict, not relevant. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, choose sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "degree" in the given context. The target word appears in: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants." We need to select the best indexed sense from the provided list.

Let's analyze the context: The text discusses political views on immigration. It says there is consensus between Left and Right, with examples from Chirac and Rocard. The difference is described as "the degree of generosity" – meaning the extent or level of generosity. So "degree" here refers to a position on a scale of intensity or amount.

Now look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required

This fits: "degree of generosity" means level/amount of generosity.

2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?

This also could seem similar, but note: sense 2 emphasizes a position in a process or series, while sense 1 is about intensity/amount/quality on a scale. Both have synonym "level". The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" is similar. But let's check the difference: sense 1 is more about measurement on a scale (intensity, amount, quality), sense 2 is about a point in a continuum or process. "Degree of generosity" is about the amount of generosity, not a stage in a process. It's about how generous one is. So sense 1 is more appropriate.

3. academic degree – not relevant.
4. arc degree – not relevant.
5. highest power – not relevant.
6. temperature unit – not relevant.
7. seriousness (like burn degree) – not relevant.

Thus, the best fit is sense 1.

Confirm: "degree of generosity" mirrors the example "a high level of care" – level/grade. So sense 1.

I will output the JSON with index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "generosity" in the given context. The context discusses political views on immigration in France, with a focus on how both Left and Right see immigrants as a burden, but differ in the "degree of generosity" granted to immigrants. The sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

We have two candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

We need to choose the best sense based on context. The context uses "generosity" in a phrase about granting something to immigrants. The word "generosity" here refers to the willingness to give or provide something, likely in terms of resources, acceptance, or benevolence. Both senses are closely related, but sense 1 is the trait, while sense 2 is the act. The context says "degree of generosity", which is a measure of the trait, not a specific action. For example, one might have a high degree of the trait of being generous. Also, the definition for sense 1 explicitly mentions "willing to give your money or time", which aligns with giving resources to immigrants. Sense 2 is "acting generously", which could also fit, but the phrase "degree of" suggests a quality or trait rather than an act. Typically, in such contexts, "generosity" refers to benevolence or liberality in giving. I'll choose sense 1.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to find the best sense for "program" in the given context. The context: "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This is about a political program, likely the platform or set of policies of a candidate. The candidates are: 4: "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" (political platform). This fits perfectly. The other senses: sense 1 is a plan (too generic), sense 2 public services program, sense 3 TV/radio show, sense 5 event program, sense 6 academic program, sense 7 computer program, sense 8 performance. Clearly, political program is the intended meaning. So choose sense 4.

Answer: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "problem" in a specific context. The context is about immigration being seen as a problem for the French economy and society. The phrase "immigration problem" is used, and the sentence says "this notion of immigration being a burden and a problem". The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

We need to choose the best sense for the target "problem" as it appears in the context: "immigration problem". The context frames it as a burden and a problem for the economy and society. The sense that fits best is a source of difficulty, something that causes trouble. Sense 3 is "a source of difficulty" with synonyms "trouble" and examples like "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" Sense 1 is "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - that might also fit, but it emphasizes a state that needs resolution. Sense 2 is a question raised for consideration, like a homework problem. That doesn't fit the context where immigration is seen as a burden.

Looking closely: The text says "immigration problem" and "this notion of immigration being a burden and a problem". It's a source of difficulty, an issue causing trouble. Sense 3 is more about an external cause of difficulty, while Sense 1 is a state of difficulty. In many contexts, "problem" can mean a source of difficulty. The example for sense 3: "what's the problem?" might be asking about the source of difficulty. In the given context, immigration is presented as a problem, meaning it's a source of difficulty. I think sense 3 is the best match.

Let's check the definitions:
Sense 1: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. Example: she and her husband are having problems. That implies a situation that is difficult.
Sense 3: a source of difficulty. Example: one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem? Here, "problem" is the cause of trouble.

In the context, "immigration problem" is not just a state of difficulty, but the presence of immigrants is considered a source of difficulty, a burden. They see immigrants as a burden on the economy and society. So it's a source of difficulty. Sense 3 seems more direct. Sense 1 might also work, but the phrase "a problem" often means something that causes trouble. The synonyms: sense 1 has "job", sense 3 has "trouble". "Trouble" is closer to "burden" and "problem" in this context. The example "what's the problem?" is often used to ask what's the matter, what's the source of trouble.

Thus, I select sense 3.

Output format: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target word "notion" in the given context. We need to choose the best sense from the four candidate senses provided.

Let's analyze the context:

The text discusses immigration, specifically the "notion of immigration being a burden and a problem". The phrase "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" refers to a concept or idea that immigration is a burden and a problem. It's a belief or opinion held by some people. The author says it may be an electoral asset but is economically costly.

Now, look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: definition: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion; examples: his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: definition: a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: definition: an odd or fanciful or capricious idea; synonyms: whim, whimsy, whimsey; examples: the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: definition: (usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items; examples: buttons and needles are notions

The context: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" clearly refers to an idea or belief that immigration is a burden. It's not a vague idea with confidence placed? Actually, sense 1 says "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed", with synonyms impression, feeling, belief, opinion. That seems close. Sense 2 is "a general inclusive concept", which might also fit, as it's a concept that immigration is a burden. Sense 3 is odd or fanciful idea, which doesn't fit because it's not presented as odd or whimsical; it's a common political belief. Sense 4 is clearly wrong.

Which is better between 1 and 2? Sense 1 includes "belief, opinion" as synonyms, and the example shows "his impression of her was favorable" which is like an opinion. In the context, the author is talking about a belief or opinion that some people hold. Sense 2 is "general inclusive concept", which is more about an abstract concept. But the phrase "this notion of immigration being a burden" could be seen as a concept. However, the use of "notion" to refer to an idea that is not necessarily well-founded, and the author is disputing it, suggests it's an opinion or belief. The word "notion" often carries a connotation of a somewhat imprecise or unsubstantiated idea. Sense 1 specifically says "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed", which fits because it's an idea that some people believe, but it's not rigorously defined. Sense 2 is more neutral: a general inclusive concept. But in this context, it's an idea that people hold, often without strong evidence, so sense 1 seems more precise.

Looking at the examples: "what are your feelings about the crisis?" suggests a subjective opinion. The context: "This notion of immigration being a burden..." is a belief held by both Left and Right. So sense 1 is the best match.

Thus, I'll choose sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "burden" in the given context. The context is about immigrants being seen as a burden on the French economy and society. The phrase is "immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society" and later "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem". The meaning here is clearly a difficult concern or something that causes worry or trouble, not a physical load. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind

2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading

3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist

4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Sense 1 fits perfectly: an onerous or difficult concern. The context talks about immigrants being a burden (a concern) on the economy and society. Sense 2 is about physical weight, which is not applicable here. Senses 3 and 4 are about the gist or central theme of a text, which is unrelated. So the correct sense is sense index 1.

The instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we need to output the index number.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. ... Choose the single best indexed sense." The target lemma is "problem", surface form "problem". The context is given. Candidate senses with definitions, synonyms, examples.

The target sentence: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly." So the phrase is "a burden and a problem". The overall context discusses immigration as a problem to be solved, a burden, a source of difficulty. Which sense fits?

Look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

The context talks about immigration being a "problem" that needs to be solved (co-development would solve the immigration problem). It's a source of difficulty, a burden. Sense 3 is "a source of difficulty" with synonyms trouble, examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" That seems a good fit: immigration is a source of difficulty. Sense 1 is "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" – that also fits, but the example is about personal problems (she and her husband are having problems) which is more a state. Sense 2 is about a question to solve (like homework problems). In the context, "our immigration problem to be solved" might suggest sense 2, but the phrase is "immigration problem" as a burden and problem, likely meaning a source of difficulty. Sense 3 is more generic: any difficulty. The phrase "a burden and a problem" pairs burden with problem, so problem here is likely synonymous with burden, something that causes difficulty. "What's the problem?" example is typical. Sense 1's example "she and her husband are having problems" is about personal difficulties, a state. Sense 2 is academic. Sense 3 seems most appropriate: a source of difficulty, like "one trouble after another". So I'd go with sense 3.

Thus, the answer: {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: book
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "book" and a surface form "book" in the context. The goal is to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidate list. Let's analyze the context.

Context snippet: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus..."

The target word "book" appears in the phrase "a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration". It is referring to a published work, with the title provided. This clearly indicates a written composition published on pages. Among the senses:

1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: definition: "a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)" examples: "I am reading a good book on economics"
2. physical objects (volume) - not appropriate here, as the context emphasizes the content (summarising knowledge, work), not the physical object.
3. record book - no, it's not a compilation of known facts in a record-keeping sense; it's an authored book.
4. playscript - no.
5. ledger - no.
6. playing cards - no.
7. rule book - no.
8. Koran - no.
9. Bible - no.
10. major division of a long composition - no, it's a whole book.
11. sheets bound together (e.g., book of stamps) - no.

Sense 1 fits perfectly: a written work or composition that has been published. The context mentions "recent book" and the title, indicating a published book. The examples for sense 1 include "a good book on economics" which is analogous.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "target lemma: immigration", "target surface form: immigration", context paragraph. We need to choose the best sense among two candidates. Sense 1: migration into a place (especially to a country). Sense 2: the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval.

The context: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment." The word "immigration" is used in the context of "Restraining immigration". This refers to the act or process of immigration, i.e., the movement of people, not the body of immigrants as a group. The phrase "migration flows" also suggests the process. So sense 1 fits best. Sense 2 refers to a group of people arriving in a period, like "the increased immigration strengthened the colony" – here "immigration" means the immigrants themselves. In our context, "Restraining immigration" means limiting the inflow, not restraining the body of immigrants. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: People
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "people" and target surface form "People". Context: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future". This is the title of a book. The context mentions "Immigration" and "migration flows" and "positive impact". The word "People" in the title refers to human beings in general, especially migrants. The book is about how migration shaped our world. So "People" here means human beings collectively, not a specific citizenry, family line, or common people. Sense 1: (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively. That fits. Example: "old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience." The title "Exceptional People" uses "People" to refer to humans who migrate, a group of human beings. So sense 1 is the best.

Sense 2 is about citizens of a state, not fitting. Sense 3 is about family line. Sense 4 is about common people versus elites. Not appropriate.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: Migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation on the target lemma "migration" with surface form "Migration". The context is a text about immigration and migration flows, specifically referring to the book title "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future". The context discusses immigration's positive economic impact and migration flows. The candidate senses are from WordNet.

Let's review each candidate:

1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

The context is clearly about human migration, specifically international migration (immigration). The book title uses "Migration" in a broad sense, and the text refers to "migration flows" and "immigration". The target is "Migration" in the book title, but it's part of the phrase "How Migration Shaped Our World". Given the discussion about people moving across countries, sense 1 fits perfectly: the movement of persons from one country or locality to another. Sense 2 refers to a specific group migrating together, not the general phenomenon being discussed. Sense 3 is chemistry, irrelevant. Sense 4 is about animal migration, not human. Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: Future
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "Future" in the given context. The word appears as "<t>Future</t>" in the text: "...How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future". This is part of a book title. The context discusses immigration, economics, and how migration impacts the world. "Future" here clearly refers to time yet to come, not a verb tense or financial futures. The book title says "will define our future" meaning the time ahead. So sense 1 is correct.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}