[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: go
Target surface form: going
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=go%2:38:00:: | definition=change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically | synonyms=travel, move, locomote | examples=How fast does your new car go?; We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus
2. sense_key=go%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=proceed, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
3. sense_key=go%2:38:01:: | definition=move away from a place into another direction | synonyms=go away, depart | examples=Go away before I start to cry; The train departs at noon
4. sense_key=go%2:30:04:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
5. sense_key=go%2:42:06:: | definition=be awarded; be allotted | examples=The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes
6. sense_key=go%2:42:02:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=run | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
7. sense_key=go%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
8. sense_key=go%2:30:01:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=proceed | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
9. sense_key=go%2:30:08:: | definition=be abolished or discarded | examples=These ugly billboards have to go!; These luxuries all had to go under the Khmer Rouge
10. sense_key=go%2:42:07:: | definition=be or continue to be in a certain condition | examples=The children went hungry that day
11. sense_key=go%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
12. sense_key=go%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
13. sense_key=go%2:34:00:: | definition=to be spent or finished | synonyms=run low, run short | examples=The money had gone after a few days; Gas is running low at the gas stations in the Midwest
14. sense_key=go%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, run | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
15. sense_key=go%2:42:14:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live, live on, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
16. sense_key=go%2:42:03:: | definition=pass, fare, or elapse; of a certain state of affairs or action | examples=How is it going?; The day went well until I got your call
17. sense_key=go%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=die, decease, perish, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
18. sense_key=go%2:42:04:: | definition=be in the right place or situation | synonyms=belong | examples=Where do these books belong?; Let's put health care where it belongs--under the control of the government
19. sense_key=go%2:42:10:: | definition=be ranked or compare | examples=This violinist is as good as Juilliard-trained violinists go
20. sense_key=go%2:38:09:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=start, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
21. sense_key=go%2:33:00:: | definition=have a turn; make one's move in a game | synonyms=move | examples=Can I go now?
22. sense_key=go%2:42:13:: | definition=be contained in | examples=How many times does 18 go into 54?
23. sense_key=go%2:42:12:: | definition=be sounded, played, or expressed | examples=How does this song go again?
24. sense_key=go%2:42:11:: | definition=blend or harmonize | synonyms=blend, blend in | examples=This flavor will blend with those in your dish; This sofa won't go with the chairs
25. sense_key=go%2:42:08:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=lead | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
26. sense_key=go%2:42:05:: | definition=be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired | synonyms=fit | examples=This piece won't fit into the puzzle
27. sense_key=go%2:35:13:: | definition=go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way | synonyms=rifle | examples=Who rifled through my desk drawers?
28. sense_key=go%2:34:09:: | definition=be spent | examples=All my money went for food and rent
29. sense_key=go%2:31:12:: | definition=give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number | synonyms=plump | examples=I plumped for the losing candidates
30. sense_key=go%2:30:03:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for the word "going" in the given context. The context is: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

The target is "going" and it is used in the phrase "vote going to". We need to find the sense that fits this usage. Let's analyze: "vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" – here, "going" means the vote is being directed or allotted to that candidate. It's about the allocation or destination of the vote. Looking at the senses:

- Sense 5: "be awarded; be allotted" with examples: "The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes". That directly matches: the vote is being awarded/allotted to the candidate. Also synonyms: not given, but definition: "be awarded; be allotted". This seems perfect.

Other possible senses:
- Sense 1: change location; move, travel, or proceed. Not literal movement of votes.
- Sense 2: follow a procedure or take a course. Not really.
- Sense 7: stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope. No.
- Sense 18: be in the right place or situation (belong). That could be possible: the vote belongs to the candidate? But the phrase "going to" is more active, like being awarded.
- Sense 25: lead, extend, or afford access. No.
- Sense 28: be spent. Votes aren't spent like money.

The most direct is sense 5: be awarded; be allotted. The example "The first prize goes to Mary" is exactly parallel: "the vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" – it's about where the vote is allocated.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 5.

Output format: {"sense_index": 5}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target word "Republican" in the given context. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Now, the context is about politics, clearly referring to the Republican Party in the United States. The word "Republican" appears multiple times in the text: "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates", "GOP candidates", "Republican candidates for the Senate", "Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines", and finally "the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house". All these instances are clearly about the political party, not about the general concept of a republic. Therefore, the correct sense is the first one.

So, the answer is sense_index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidate
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t> and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for the target word "candidate" in the given context. The context is a passage about politics, specifically about voting for Republican candidates in Senate and gubernatorial elections. The target appears in the phrase "the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house". Here, "candidate" clearly refers to a person running for public office, specifically a gubernatorial candidate.

We have two senses:
1. "a politician who is running for public office" (synonyms: campaigner, nominee)
2. "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" (synonym: prospect)

The context is explicitly about elections, so sense 1 is more precise and directly matches the usage. Sense 2 is broader, but sense 1 is the exact match. The context uses "Republican gubernatorial candidate" meaning the Republican nominee for governor. So sense 1 fits perfectly.

Thus, the best sense index is 1.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "republican" with the target surface form "Republican" in context. The candidate senses are two: sense 1 refers to the Republican Party; sense 2 refers to a form of government (republican with a small r, relating to a republic). The context clearly discusses political parties: Senate, Democrats, GOP (which stands for Grand Old Party, another name for the Republican Party), Republican presidential candidates, Republican senatorial candidates, Republican gubernatorial candidate, etc. All mentions of "Republican" are capitalized, indicating the political party. The second sense is about a republican form of government, which is not the topic here. Therefore, the correct sense is 1.

The JSON output should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=portion, part, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
2. sense_key=share%1:21:01:: | definition=any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate | examples=he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price
3. sense_key=share%1:04:00:: | definition=the allotment of some amount by dividing something | synonyms=parcel, portion | examples=death gets more than its share of attention from theologians
4. sense_key=share%1:04:01:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, part | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
5. sense_key=share%1:06:00:: | definition=a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil | synonyms=plowshare, ploughshare

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: target lemma "share", target surface form "share", context: "... the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house ...". Let's analyze.

Context: "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate." So "Republican share of the lower state house" likely means the proportion or percentage of seats or votes that Republicans have in the lower state house. It's a portion.

Candidate senses:

1. sense_key=share%1:21:00:: definition: assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group. Synonyms: portion, part, percentage. Example: he wanted his share in cash.
   - This seems about ownership of some asset. Could fit: Republican share of the lower state house might be considered assets (seats) belonging to Republicans. But "portion" or "percentage" fits. However, it's specifically about assets belonging to someone. In political context, it's not exactly an asset but a portion of representation. Could be.

2. sense_key=share%1:21:01:: definition: any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate. Example: he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price.
   - Clearly stock shares. Not applicable here.

3. sense_key=share%1:04:00:: definition: the allotment of some amount by dividing something. Synonyms: parcel, portion. Example: death gets more than its share of attention from theologians.
   - This is about an allotment, a portion assigned by division. In the context, the Republican share of the lower state house is the portion they get out of the total seats. This fits well: allotment by dividing (seats among parties).

4. sense_key=share%1:04:01:: definition: the part played by a person in bringing about a result. Synonyms: contribution, part. Example: I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work.
   - This is about effort or contribution to an outcome. Not about possession of seats. Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=share%1:06:00:: definition: a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil. Synonyms: plowshare, ploughshare.
   - Not applicable.

Between sense 1 and sense 3: Sense 1 is "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group". "Share" here might be interpreted as the portion belonging to Republicans. But "Republican share of the lower state house" does not necessarily imply assets; it's the proportion of seats they hold. Sense 3 is "the allotment of some amount by dividing something", which is more general: any portion from a division. The example "death gets more than its share of attention" is similar: some entity gets a portion of a total. The context is about the portion of seats that are Republican. That is an allotment from dividing the total seats. Sense 3 seems more precise. Sense 1's example "he wanted his share in cash" suggests a share of money or assets. In politics, seats are not really assets in the same sense. They are positions. So sense 3 fits better.

Therefore, I'll choose sense 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: house
Target surface form: house
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state <t>house</t> is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=house%1:06:00:: | definition=a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families | examples=he has a house on Cape Cod; she felt she had to get out of the house
2. sense_key=house%1:14:01:: | definition=the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments | synonyms=firm, business firm | examples=he worked for a brokerage house
3. sense_key=house%1:14:04:: | definition=the members of a religious community living together
4. sense_key=house%1:14:03:: | definition=the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema | examples=the house applauded; he counted the house
5. sense_key=house%1:14:02:: | definition=an official assembly having legislative powers | examples=a bicameral legislature has two houses
6. sense_key=house%1:14:00:: | definition=aristocratic family line | examples=the House of York
7. sense_key=house%1:04:00:: | definition=play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults | examples=the children were playing house
8. sense_key=house%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, sign, mansion, planetary house
9. sense_key=house%1:14:06:: | definition=the management of a gambling house or casino | examples=the house gets a percentage of every bet
10. sense_key=house%1:14:05:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
11. sense_key=house%1:06:02:: | definition=a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented | synonyms=theater, theatre | examples=the house was full
12. sense_key=house%1:06:01:: | definition=a building in which something is sheltered or located | examples=they had a large carriage house

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "house" with target surface form "house" in the given context. We need to choose the best sense from the provided candidate senses numbered 1 to 12. The context is about politics, elections, and legislative bodies. Specifically, the target is in the phrase "the lower state <t>house</t>". So "state house" here refers to a legislative body, part of a state government. The context mentions "state government", "Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines", and "the Republican share of the lower state house". This indicates the lower house of a state legislature. Therefore, sense 5: "an official assembly having legislative powers" is appropriate. Sense 5's example: "a bicameral legislature has two houses" matches the concept of a legislative chamber. Other senses are not relevant: sense 1 is a dwelling, sense 2 is a business firm, sense 3 is religious community, sense 4 is audience, sense 6 is aristocratic family, sense 7 is children's play, sense 8 is astrology, sense 9 is gambling management, sense 10 is a social unit, sense 11 is a theater building, sense 12 is a building for sheltering something. None of those fit.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 5.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 5}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: positive
Target surface form: positive
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a <t>positive</t> function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=positive%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc. | examples=a positive attitude; the reviews were all positive
2. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:certain:02 | definition=persuaded of; very sure | synonyms=convinced, confident | examples=were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join; I am positive he is lying
3. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=involving advantage or good | synonyms=plus | examples=a plus (or positive) factor
4. sense_key=positive%3:00:04:: | definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=confirming | examples=a positive pregnancy test
5. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:formal:01 | definition=formally laid down or imposed | synonyms=prescribed | examples=positive laws
6. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:undeniable:00 | definition=impossible to deny or disprove | synonyms=incontrovertible, irrefutable | examples=incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence; proof positive
7. sense_key=positive%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to positivism | synonyms=positivist, positivistic | examples=positivist thinkers; positivist doctrine
8. sense_key=positive%3:00:05:: | definition=reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion | examples=positive increase in graduating students
9. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:plus:00 | definition=greater than zero | examples=positive numbers
10. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:charged:00 | definition=having a positive charge | synonyms=electropositive, positively charged | examples=protons are positive
11. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:confident:00 | definition=marked by excessive confidence | synonyms=cocksure, overconfident | examples=an arrogant and cocksure materialist; so overconfident and impudent as to speak to the queen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "positive" and target surface form "positive" in a specific context. The context is an academic text about political science, discussing statistical relationships. The sentence is: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a <t>positive</t> function of the state tax rate."

The phrase "positive function" indicates a mathematical or statistical relationship: as something increases, the function shows a positive relationship. In statistics and econometrics, a "positive function" means that as the independent variable (state tax rate) increases, the dependent variable (the difference in vote shares) also increases. This is a standard usage: "positive" meaning having a direct or increasing relationship. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. characterized by affirmation or acceptance. Not relevant.
2. persuaded of; very sure. Not relevant.
3. involving advantage or good; a plus factor. Could be, but not precise in a statistical context.
4. indicating presence of a condition (medical). No.
5. formally laid down or imposed. No.
6. impossible to deny. No.
7. relating to positivism. No.
8. reckoned, situated or tending in the direction of increase or progress. This is exactly the mathematical sense: positive in the sense of increasing, upward trend. Example: "positive increase in graduating students". It fits "positive function" meaning a function that increases.
9. greater than zero (for numbers). This could also fit: in mathematics, a positive function might return positive numbers, but here it's describing a relationship. However, in econometrics, "positive function" typically means that the function is increasing, not necessarily that the values are positive numbers. But the gloss for sense 8 is more about direction of increase.
10. having a positive charge. No.
11. marked by excessive confidence. No.

Between sense 8 and sense 9: Sense 9 is specifically "greater than zero". Sense 8 is about "tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress". In the context, "a positive function of the state tax rate" means that as the tax rate increases, the difference increases. So it's describing the nature of the function as an increasing relationship. Sense 8 directly mentions "increase" and "progress", and the example "positive increase in graduating students". That matches well. Sense 9 is about numbers being positive, not about the function's direction. So sense 8 is more precise.

Thus, the best sense is 8.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: function
Target surface form: function
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive <t>function</t> of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=function%1:24:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) | synonyms=mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
2. sense_key=function%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=purpose, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=function%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=office, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=function%1:24:01:: | definition=a relation such that one thing is dependent on another | examples=height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand
5. sense_key=function%1:14:00:: | definition=a formal or official social gathering or ceremony | examples=it was a black-tie function
6. sense_key=function%1:11:00:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, occasion, social occasion, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
7. sense_key=function%1:10:00:: | definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "function" and its surface form "function" in the context. The context is: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive <t>function</t> of the state tax rate." Here, "function" is used in a mathematical or relational sense: the difference is a function of the tax rate. This means it depends on the tax rate; they are related such that as one changes, the other changes. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. math function: strict mathematical definition, but the context is econometric, describing a relationship rather than a strict math function? The example says "height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand". This is sense 4, which specifically says "a relation such that one thing is dependent on another". Sense 1 is the mathematical definition, but sense 4 is more general and used when one thing depends on another. In the context, the difference is a positive function of the tax rate, meaning as tax rate increases, the difference increases. So it's a dependent relation, not a formal mathematical mapping. Sense 4 seems perfect.

Sense 2: purpose or use, not applicable.
Sense 3: role, office, not applicable.
Sense 5: formal gathering, no.
Sense 6: social event, no.
Sense 7: computer routine, no.

Thus sense 4 is best.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the <t>state</t> tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "state" with a surface form "state". The context: we see multiple uses of "state" in different senses. The target instance is "<t>state</t>" within a phrase: "the <t>state</t> tax rate". This appears in the context: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the <t>state</t> tax rate." So the target word is "state" modifying "tax rate". In the broader context, they talk about states (like U.S. states) conducting Senate elections, and state government levels, etc. So "state tax rate" clearly refers to the tax rate of a sub-national administrative district, like a U.S. state. Candidate sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" with synonyms "province". Candidate sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" with example "the state has lowered its income tax". But here "state tax rate" is a tax rate set by the government of a state, so it could refer to the government. However, sense 1 is the territory/district itself. Typically, "state tax rate" refers to the tax rate imposed by a state (a constituent unit). Sense 3 is about the government of a sovereign state, but here "state" likely means a U.S. state, not the national government. Sense 3 says "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" – but a U.S. state is not a sovereign state; it is a constituent administrative district. So sense 1 fits better: the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts. The phrase "state tax rate" uses "state" as a modifier indicating the level of government (state-level, as opposed to federal). In that context, it refers to the sub-national entity. The example for sense 1: "his state is in the deep south" – that's a U.S. state. So sense 1 is the best choice.

We need to output JSON with "sense_index": the number. So index 1.

Let's double-check: Other senses: 2 is condition, 4 is a nation, 5 is state of matter, 6 emotional state, 7 territory of a nation, 8 the State Department. None of those fit. So sense_index 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the <t>federal</t> and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "federal" in the given context. We have four senses. Let's analyze.

Context: The target is "federal" in the phrase "at both the federal and state government levels". The text discusses U.S. politics: Senate elections, GOP candidates, federal government's tax burden, state government level, etc. The word "federal" here is clearly referring to the central government of the United States, as opposed to state government. It's about the federal level versus state level.

Now, let's examine each sense:

1. Definition: national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units. Examples: "the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts". This matches well. The context contrasts "federal" with "state government levels", so it's exactly this sense: national, especially the U.S. government vs. its states.

2. Definition: of or relating to the central government of a federation. Examples: "a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government". This is similar but broader. It refers to any federation, not specifically the U.S. However, the context is U.S.-specific, but it could still fit. But sense 1 is more specific to the U.S. government as distinct from its member units, which is exactly the contrast here.

3. Definition: being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War. Synonyms: Union. This is historically specific to the Civil War era. The context is modern political analysis, no Civil War reference. So this is not it.

4. Definition: characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities. This is about the system of government itself (federalism). The context uses "federal" as an adjective for the level of government, not describing the system as a whole. For example, "at both the federal and state government levels" describes the tiers, not the constitutional structure.

Given that, sense 1 fits perfectly: it emphasizes the U.S. national government as distinct from state governments, which is exactly the contrast in the text. Sense 2 is similar but less specific, and sense 1 explicitly mentions the U.S. context. Since the entire passage is about American politics (GOP, Senate, state elections), sense 1 is the best.

Thus, I choose sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: levels
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government <t>levels</t> at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "level", surface form "levels", in the given context. We need to choose the best indexed sense from the provided candidate senses (1–8). We must return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3} with the chosen sense index.

Let's analyze the context. The target word is "levels" in the phrase: "In sum, at both the federal and state government <t>levels</t> at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation." So "levels" refers to the federal and state government levels. It's about different tiers or strata of government, like federal level vs. state level. The context discusses "at both the federal and state government levels", meaning different stages or positions in a hierarchical system. It's not about a degree of intensity, nor a physical height, nor a spirit level, nor a horizontal surface, nor a floor story, nor an abstract layer of meaning (though "stratum" could be considered). It's about a position in a system of government, like a tier. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. degree, grade: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. Example: a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required. This is more abstract, about amount or quality. Not about governmental tiers.
2. grade, tier: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group. Example: lumber of the highest grade. This could work for "level" as in "rank". But in "federal and state government levels", it's more about a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series (like sense 3) or abstract place (like sense 7).
3. degree, stage, point: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. Example: a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences? This is about a point in a process or series. "Federal and state government levels" could be considered stages or points in a governmental hierarchy. But is it a "process"? Government levels might be considered as stages in a system, but it's not exactly a process; it's more like a layer or tier.
4. height above ground: the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level. Clearly not this.
5. spirit level: not this.
6. horizontal surface: park the car on the level. Not this.
7. layer, stratum: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth. Examples: a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning. This is about levels of abstraction or meaning. "Government levels" could be seen as layers or strata (like federal level is a higher stratum). This might fit: "at both the federal and state government levels" means at those layers or strata of government.
8. floor, storey, story: a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale. Example: what level is the office on? Not this.

Between sense 2 (tier), sense 3 (stage/point), and sense 7 (layer/stratum), we need to pick the best one. The context says "at both the federal and state government levels". This is a common phrase. In typical WordNet mappings, "level" in the sense of a tier or rank in a hierarchy might be sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group". But that example is "lumber of the highest grade", which is about quality grading. Sense 7: "layer, stratum" is about abstract depth, like levels of meaning, but also can be used for levels of organization (e.g., "at the corporate level" could be a layer). Sense 3: "stage, point" is about a process. Government levels are not really stages in a process; they are more like layers or tiers of government structure. However, the phrase "at the federal level" and "at the state level" is often used to indicate a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series (like from local to state to federal). But is it a continuum? It's more like a hierarchical level. The WordNet gloss for sense 26:01:00 (level%1:26:01::) is "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group", with synonyms "grade, tier". That seems to fit: federal and state are tiers of government. Sense 7 is "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth", which is more about layers of meaning or significance. Though government levels can be thought of as layers, the typical usage in this context is as a tier or rank.

Let's look at the original WordNet entries more carefully. The sense keys:

- level%1:07:00:: (sense 1): degree, grade. Definition: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. Example: a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required. This is about intensity/amount, not about government tiers.

- level%1:26:01:: (sense 2): grade, tier. Definition: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group. Example: lumber of the highest grade. This is about value grading, like quality. Can it apply to government? "Federal level" might be a tier in a hierarchy, but it's not about value grading. It's more about a position in a structure.

- level%1:26:00:: (sense 3): degree, stage, point. Definition: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. Example: a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences? This is about a point in a process or continuum. "At the federal level" could be seen as a point on the continuum from local to state to federal. But is it a process? The phrase "at the state government level" is often used interchangeably with "at the state level", which is a stage in a governmental hierarchy. Sense 3 might fit.

- level%1:07:01:: (sense 4): height above ground. Not.

- level%1:06:00:: (sense 5): spirit level. Not.

- level%1:06:03:: (sense 6): horizontal surface. Not.

- level%1:09:00:: (sense 7): layer, stratum. Definition: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth. Examples: a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning. This is about abstract layers, often of meaning. But "government levels" could be seen as strata (like federal is a higher stratum). However, the example talks about meaning, not organizational tiers.

- level%1:06:01:: (sense 8): floor, storey, story. Not.

Which sense is most commonly used for "level" in the context of "federal and state government levels"? In standard disambiguation, such usage typically maps to sense 3 or sense 2. Let's check similar contexts. "At the federal level" often means the stage or rank in a system. I recall that in WordNet, "level" as in "rank, tier" is often sense 2 (level%1:26:01::). But the example "lumber of the highest grade" is about a specific degree of value. Governmental levels are not about value; they are about a position in a hierarchy. Sense 3 is about a position in a continuum or series. The phrase "at the state level" could be seen as a point in a series (local, state, federal). The example "at what stage are the social sciences?" is about a stage in a process. That seems more abstract.

Sense 7: "layer, stratum" is also possible, but typically "level" as in "government level" is not primarily about depth; it's about a tier or rank. However, "stratum" is a synonym for sense 7, and "stratum" can refer to social strata, like levels of society. So "government levels" might be seen as strata.

Given the context: "at both the federal and state government levels" – it's a common phrase. In linguistic terms, this "level" is a noun meaning a particular position in a scale or hierarchy. I'd lean towards sense 2 (tier) because federal and state are tiers. But the definition for sense 2 includes "degree of value in a graded group", which might not perfectly match because it's not about value. Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" – that could work as they are points in the series of government divisions. However, government levels are not really a continuum or a process; they are discrete levels.

Let's see the original WordNet sense mapping for "level". The sense key level%1:26:01:: is for "grade, tier". The example: "lumber of the highest grade". That is about quality grading. Federal/state are not quality grades; they are organizational tiers. Sense level%1:09:00:: (layer, stratum) is more about conceptual depth. But in many contexts, "level" as in "at the state level" is considered a tier. For instance, in the WordNet database, the sense "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" is often used for "level" in phrases like "at the national level" (I'm not entirely sure). I can think of the WordNet hierarchy: the noun "level" has several senses. The sense for "rank" or "tier" is indeed 2. But let's check the glosses more carefully.

Sense 1: degree, grade - a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. This is for "level" as in "noise level", "level of care". Not here.

Sense 2: grade, tier - a relative position or degree of value in a graded group. "Tier" is a synonym. "Tier" means a level or grade in a hierarchy. That fits: federal and state are different tiers of government. The example "lumber of the highest grade" is just one example, but "tier" is commonly used for organizational levels.

Sense 3: degree, stage, point - a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. This is for "stage" like "at this stage". It could be used for "at the state level of government", but it's not a process; it's a static level.

Sense 7: layer, stratum - an abstract place usually conceived as having depth. "Stratum" often implies a layer in a hierarchy. "Government levels" can be seen as strata. But the examples given are about communication and meaning, not organizational hierarchy.

In many disambiguation tasks, "level" in "federal level" is mapped to sense 2 (tier) or sense 7 (stratum). Let's think about the context: "at both the federal and state government levels" is referring to the two tiers of government. The whole passage discusses a cross-state investigation and then sums up: "at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior... may have an exceedingly rational explanation." It's about these two levels of government. So it's clearly about the different levels in a governmental structure.

Among the options, sense 2 (grade, tier) and sense 7 (layer, stratum) are the most plausible. Sense 3 (stage, point) might also be considered, but it's less typical. I'll evaluate each:

- Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group". The phrase "graded group" could be a group that is ranked. Government levels are indeed a kind of ranking: federal is higher than state. So it's a tier.
- Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth". That is more about "levels of meaning" or "on many levels". It's more metaphorical. Government levels are not typically conceived as having depth, but as being at different heights or ranks.

I think sense 2 is more precise because it explicitly mentions "tier", which is a common synonym for "level" in this context. The example for sense 2 is about lumber grades, but the definition includes "relative position or degree of value in a graded group", which can apply to any hierarchical system, not just quality. Government levels are a graded group (federal, state, local). So sense 2 is a good match.

Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" – the word "process" might not fit, but "continuum or series" could. Government levels can be seen as a series from local to federal. So it's also possible. But the gloss for sense 3 emphasizes process: "especially in a process". The example "at what stage are the social sciences?" is about a stage in development. Here, it's not about development; it's about static tiers.

Sense 7: "layer, stratum" – this is for levels of abstraction. "Government levels" are not typically called layers or strata; they are called levels, but that's because they are tiers.

Given that the target word is "levels" and the context says "at both the federal and state government levels", I'd choose sense 2. However, I want to check if there's any other clue. The sentence: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level." Here "level" is used similarly. So it's about the level of government.

Let's see if any of the examples in the candidate senses use "level" in a similar way. For sense 2: "lumber of the highest grade" – not similar. For sense 3: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?" – not similar. For sense 7: "a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning" – that's about multiple levels of meaning, but not about organizational tiers. For sense 1: "a high level of care is required" – that's about degree of care. So none of the examples directly match "government level". But that doesn't mean the sense isn't right; the examples are just illustrative.

In many corpora, "level" in the sense of "rank, tier" is often disambiguated to sense 2. For instance, in the SemCor corpus or other WSD datasets, "level" as in "at the state level" is usually sense 2. I recall that the WordNet sense "level%1:26:01::" is the one for hierarchical levels. I'll check my memory: The noun "level" has sense "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (1), "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (2), "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (3), etc. For "government level", it's a position in a hierarchy, so it's a "grade" or "tier". I think sense 2 is the best.

But let's also consider sense 7: "stratum". "Stratum" often refers to social strata, like classes. "Government levels" could be strata of government. However, the definition "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" is a bit more metaphorical. The context is not metaphorical; it's literal: federal and state governments are literally different levels of government in a federal system. They are not abstract depths; they are concrete jurisdictional levels.

Therefore, I'll go with sense 2: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group, synonym: tier.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least <t>part</t> of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "part" in the given context. The target word appears in the sentence: "In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least <t>part</t> of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation."

We need to choose from the candidate senses listed (1 through 12). The context discusses how a part of the voters' behavior (ticket splitting, etc.) might have a rational explanation. "Part of the seemingly irrational behavior" refers to a portion or some fraction of the behavior. Let's evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: definition: something determined in relation to something that includes it. Synonyms: portion, component part, component, constituent. Examples: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript." This sense is about being a constituent part of a whole, often abstract. In the context, "part of the behavior" fits well: the behavior is a whole, and they are referring to a portion of it.

2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: definition: something less than the whole of a human artifact. Examples: "the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together." This is for physical artifacts, not behavior.

3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: definition: a portion of a natural object. Examples: "they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite." Natural objects, not behavior.

4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: definition: that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation. Examples: "it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part." This is the "on one's part" construction, meaning someone's role or responsibility. The context does not use "on [someone's] part"; it's "part of the behavior".

5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: definition: the extended spatial location of something. Synonyms: region. Examples: "the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world." Geographic region, not applicable.

6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: definition: the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group. Synonyms: function, office, role. Examples: "the function of a teacher; the government must do its part." This is about a role or duty. The context doesn't talk about a role; it's a fraction.

7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: definition: an actor's portrayal of someone in a play. Synonyms: character, role, theatrical role, persona. Not applicable.

8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: definition: assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group. Synonyms: share, portion, percentage. Examples: "he wanted his share in cash." This is about a share of something owned, like a financial share. Not about behavior.

9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: definition: one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole. Synonyms: section, division. Examples: "the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company." This is about a division of a whole, like a section. It could work: "part of the behavior" could be considered a section. But note the definition says "regarded as divided", so it's more about conceptual divisions. Behavior can be conceptually divided into parts.

10. part of hair (parting), not applicable.

11. musical part, not applicable.

12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: definition: the part played by a person in bringing about a result. Synonyms: contribution, share. Examples: "I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work." This is about a person's contribution to a result. Here, "part of the behavior" is not about a person's contribution; it's about a portion of the behavior itself.

Sense 1 and sense 9 seem closest. Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" – emphasizes being a constituent part of a whole, with synonyms like portion, component. The example "I read a portion of the manuscript" is very similar to "part of the behavior". Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided" – also works, but it might be more about divisions like sections of an exam or company. The context doesn't explicitly suggest that the behavior is divided into named sections; it's just a portion. I think sense 1 is more fitting because it's the general sense of "a portion or component of a whole", and the synonyms include "portion". Sense 9 might imply a more structured division. So I'll go with sense 1.

Double-check: In WordNet, sense 1 is the first noun sense. Sense 9 is "section, division". The example "the written part of the exam" suggests distinct parts. In our sentence, "part of the seemingly irrational behavior" could be interpreted as a portion, not necessarily a division. So I'll select sense 1.

Thus, the answer is sense index 1.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: irrational
Target surface form: irrational
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly <t>irrational</t> behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=irrational%3:00:00:: | definition=not consistent with or using reason | examples=irrational fears; irrational animals
2. sense_key=irrational%3:01:00:: | definition=real but not expressible as the quotient of two integers | examples=irrational numbers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "irrational" in the given context. The two candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=irrational%3:00:00:: | definition=not consistent with or using reason | examples=irrational fears; irrational animals
2. sense_key=irrational%3:01:00:: | definition=real but not expressible as the quotient of two integers | examples=irrational numbers

Context: The text discusses voter behavior that seems irrational but might have a rational explanation. Specifically, "at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly <t>irrational</t> behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation." The word "irrational" here means behavior that appears not based on reason or logic, but may actually be rational. So sense 1 fits perfectly: "not consistent with or using reason." Sense 2 is about mathematics (irrational numbers) and is completely unrelated. Thus, sense_index is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: behavior
Target surface form: behavior
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational <t>behavior</t> voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=behavior%1:04:00:: | definition=manner of acting or controlling yourself | synonyms=behaviour, conduct, doings
2. sense_key=behavior%1:26:00:: | definition=the action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances | synonyms=behaviour | examples=the behavior of small particles can be studied in experiments
3. sense_key=behavior%1:07:00:: | definition=(behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people | synonyms=demeanor, demeanour, behaviour, conduct, deportment
4. sense_key=behavior%1:04:01:: | definition=(psychology) the aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements made by an organism in any situation | synonyms=behaviour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "behavior" in the given context. Let's analyze the context: It's about voter behavior in the voting booth. Specifically, "the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth." So we're talking about the manner of acting, the way people behave when voting. It's not about machines or substances (sense 2). It's not specifically about behavioral attributes toward other people (sense 3: demeanor, deportment), though that could be related, but the context is about actions in the voting booth, which is a general conduct or manner of acting. Sense 1 is "manner of acting or controlling yourself" with synonyms behaviour, conduct, doings. That fits perfectly: voters' conduct/behavior in the voting booth. Sense 4 is psychological: aggregate of responses of an organism, which might also apply, but sense 1 is more general and direct. The context is not specifically psychological, it's about voting patterns. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: display
Target surface form: display
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters <t>display</t> in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=display%2:39:00:: | definition=to show, make visible or apparent | synonyms=expose, exhibit | examples=The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month; Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?
2. sense_key=display%2:41:00:: | definition=attract attention by displaying some body part or posing; of animals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "display" and target surface form "display". The context: "In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation." So voters "display" behavior. The meaning is that they exhibit or show behavior. Sense 1: "to show, make visible or apparent" with synonyms expose, exhibit, and examples about exhibiting works or showing legs. Sense 2: "attract attention by displaying some body part or posing; of animals" which is about animals displaying body parts to attract attention, like courtship displays. That doesn't fit human voters in a voting booth. Clearly sense 1 is the correct one. So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

provider: SiliconFlow