[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: secret
Target surface form: secret
Context:
This favorite grievance was not the landlord. He had already quite forgotten about him. In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a <t>secret</t> smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:concealed:00 | definition=not open or public; kept private or not revealed | examples=a secret formula; secret ingredients
2. sense_key=secret%5:00:01:covert:00 | definition=conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods | synonyms=clandestine, cloak-and-dagger, hole-and-corner, hugger-mugger, hush-hush, surreptitious | examples=clandestine intelligence operations; cloak-and-dagger activities behind enemy lines
3. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:unacknowledged:00 | definition=not openly made known | synonyms=unavowed | examples=a secret marriage; a secret bride
4. sense_key=secret%5:00:03:covert:00 | definition=communicated covertly | examples=their secret signal was a wink; secret messages
5. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=private | examples=secret (or private) thoughts
6. sense_key=secret%5:00:02:concealed:00 | definition=designed to elude detection | synonyms=hidden | examples=a hidden room or place of concealment such as a priest hole; a secret passage
7. sense_key=secret%5:00:02:private:00 | definition=hidden from general view or use | synonyms=privy, secluded | examples=a privy place to rest and think; a secluded romantic spot
8. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:private:00 | definition=(of information) given in confidence or in secret | synonyms=confidential | examples=this arrangement must be kept confidential; their secret communications
9. sense_key=secret%5:00:02:covert:00 | definition=indulging only covertly | examples=a secret alcoholic
10. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:esoteric:00 | definition=having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding | synonyms=mysterious, mystic, mystical, occult, orphic | examples=mysterious symbols; the mystical style of Blake
11. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:classified:02 | definition=the next to highest level of official classification for documents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "secret" with surface form "secret" in the context: a stranger smiling a "secret smile" at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. We need to choose the correct sense among 11 candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context: The stranger is smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. The smile is secret, suggesting it's a smile that conveys something hidden, shared between them, like conspirators. It's not about being concealed physically, but about communicating something covertly or having a hidden meaning. The phrase "as if they were fellow conspirators" strongly implies a clandestine, shared secret understanding. So the smile is like a signal or a private communication.

Now check candidate senses:

1. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:concealed:00: "not open or public; kept private or not revealed" - example: a secret formula; secret ingredients. This could apply to a smile that is not openly expressed? But a smile is a visible expression; it's not the smile itself that is kept private, but its meaning. This sense seems more about things like formulas, not a smile.

2. sense_key=secret%5:00:01:covert:00: "conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods" - synonyms: clandestine, cloak-and-dagger, etc. This is about actions or operations that are hidden. A smile could be part of such an operation, but the smile itself is not the operation. The phrase "as if they were fellow conspirators" aligns with hidden aims/methods. But the smile is a signal, not an operation. Might fit.

3. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:unacknowledged:00: "not openly made known" - example: a secret marriage; a secret bride. This means something that exists but is not publicly acknowledged. A smile is openly shown, but its meaning might be unacknowledged. Not the best fit; a smile is a visible act, not a status like marriage.

4. sense_key=secret%5:00:03:covert:00: "communicated covertly" - examples: their secret signal was a wink; secret messages. This directly matches: a secret smile used as a covert signal. The context says "as if they were fellow conspirators," which implies the smile is a covert communication, a signal. This sense is specifically about communication. The examples include a wink or secret messages, which are similar to a smile. So this seems perfect.

5. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:inward:00: "not expressed" - synonyms: private. Example: secret (or private) thoughts. A smile is expressed externally, so not "not expressed."

6. sense_key=secret%5:00:02:concealed:00: "designed to elude detection" - example: a hidden room or secret passage. Physical hiding, not relevant.

7. sense_key=secret%5:00:02:private:00: "hidden from general view or use" - privy, secluded. A physical location hidden, not relevant.

8. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:private:00: "(of information) given in confidence or in secret" - confidential communications, like their secret communications. This is about information exchanged confidentially. A smile could be a form of communication, but this sense seems more about the content of messages, not the signal itself. Example: "their secret communications" refers to the messages, not a smile. Sense 4 is specifically about covert communication methods.

9. sense_key=secret%5:00:02:covert:00: "indulging only covertly" - example: a secret alcoholic. This means someone does something but hides it. A smile isn't an indulgence.

10. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:esoteric:00: "having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding" - mysterious, mystic. A conspiratorial smile is not necessarily mysterious beyond understanding; it's a shared signal. Not the best.

11. sense_key=secret%5:00:00:classified:02: about classification level, not relevant.

Thus, Sense 4 "communicated covertly" is the best match because the smile is explicitly a covert signal between conspirators, similar to a wink or secret message.

Therefore, sense_index = 4.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notice
Target surface form: noticed
Context:
He had already quite forgotten about him. In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even <t>noticed</t> -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notice%2:39:04:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, find, discover | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
2. sense_key=notice%2:39:00:: | definition=notice or perceive | synonyms=mark, note | examples=She noted that someone was following her; mark my words
3. sense_key=notice%2:32:00:: | definition=make or write a comment on | synonyms=comment, remark, point out | examples=he commented the paper of his colleague
4. sense_key=notice%2:32:01:: | definition=express recognition of the presence or existence of, or acquaintance with | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He never acknowledges his colleagues when they run into him in the hallway; She acknowledged his complement with a smile

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "noticed" in context. The target is "notice" with surface form "noticed". The context: "He hadn't even <t>noticed</t> -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down." The character is drinking and realizes someone is there. The phrase "he hadn't seen him sit down" indicates that he didn't perceive the presence of the person. So "noticed" here means to become aware of someone's presence. We check the senses:

1. notice%2:39:04:: detect, observe, find, discover. Definition: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. Examples: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint." This sense fits: becoming aware of the existence/presence of someone. It emphasizes discovery.

2. notice%2:39:00:: mark, note. Definition: notice or perceive. Examples: "She noted that someone was following her; mark my words." This is more general perceiving, but note that the example "She noted that someone was following her" is similar: noticing someone's presence. However, sense 1 explicitly mentions "presence" and "existence". Sense 2 is also relevant but sense 1 has "presence" in definition.

3. notice%2:32:00:: comment, remark, point out. This is about making a comment. Not applicable.

4. notice%2:32:01:: acknowledge. Express recognition, especially of acquaintance. Examples: "He never acknowledges his colleagues when they run into him in the hallway." This is about acknowledging someone's presence socially, but the context is about simply perceiving their presence, not acknowledging them. He didn't even see him sit down, so it's about detection, not acknowledgment.

So between sense 1 and 2: Sense 1 specifically includes "presence" and "existence", which matches "he hadn't seen him sit down" — he didn't notice the stranger's presence. Sense 2 is more general "notice or perceive". Both are plausible, but sense 1 is more precise: discovering the existence/presence. In the WordNet hierarchy, sense 1 is a hyponym of sense 2? Actually, they are different: 2:39:04 vs 2:39:00. The sense keys indicate they are different sub-senses. Sense 1 is "detect, observe, find, discover" with emphasis on discovering something. Sense 2 is "mark, note" with emphasis on taking note. The context: "He hadn't even noticed... he hadn't seen him sit down." It's about becoming aware of the person's presence, which is a detection. Sense 1's example: "We found traces of lead" is about discovering something, but the example for sense 2: "She noted that someone was following her" also fits noticing someone. However, the phrase "hadn't even noticed" often implies a failure to perceive something. Sense 1's definition includes "presence" which is directly relevant. I'll choose sense 1 because it explicitly mentions "presence" and the context is about detecting someone's presence.

Thus, sense_index: 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: name
Context:
He had already quite forgotten about him. In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his <t>name</t>? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%1:10:00:: | definition=a language unit by which a person or thing is known | examples=his name really is George Washington; those are two names for the same thing
2. sense_key=name%1:26:00:: | definition=a person's reputation | examples=he wanted to protect his good name
3. sense_key=name%1:14:00:: | definition=family based on male descent | synonyms=gens | examples=he had no sons and there was no one to carry on his name
4. sense_key=name%1:18:00:: | definition=a well-known or notable person | synonyms=figure, public figure | examples=they studied all the great names in the history of France; she is an important figure in modern music
5. sense_key=name%1:04:00:: | definition=by the sanction or authority of | examples=halt in the name of the law
6. sense_key=name%1:10:01:: | definition=a defamatory or abusive word or phrase | synonyms=epithet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "name" in the context: "He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down." The target lemma is "name", surface form "name". We need to match to one of the senses provided.

Sense 1: a language unit by which a person or thing is known. Example: his name really is George Washington. That fits perfectly: "what was his name? Pete?" is clearly asking for the personal name of the stranger.

Sense 2: a person's reputation. Not relevant here.

Sense 3: family based on male descent. Not relevant.

Sense 4: a well-known or notable person. Not relevant.

Sense 5: by the sanction or authority of. Not relevant.

Sense 6: a defamatory or abusive word or phrase. Not relevant.

So the best sense is sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: seen
Context:
He had already quite forgotten about him. In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't <t>seen</t> him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation on the word "seen" in the given context. The target lemma is "see", and the surface form is "seen". We need to choose the best sense from the provided candidate senses (indexed 1 to 24). The context describes a man who is drinking, making wet rings on the table, and then looks up to see a stranger sitting across the table. He hadn't noticed the stranger sit down; the sentence says: "he hadn't <t>seen</t> him sit down." The meaning is clearly about visual perception: he did not perceive (with his eyes) the act of the stranger sitting down. So the sense should be about perceiving by sight. The most straightforward sense is sense 1: "perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight". The examples: "You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?" That fits perfectly: he did not see (visually) the man sit down.

Let's check if any other senses might be plausible. Sense 3: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" with synonyms "witness, find". Example: "We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school". That could also fit because it's about witnessing something. However, in this context, it's specifically about visual perception of the action of sitting down. Sense 1 is more direct. Sense 7: "see or watch" with synonyms "watch, view, catch, take in" and examples like "view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world" implies intentional watching, but here it's accidental: he didn't even notice him sit down, so it's simple perception, not intentional watching. Sense 3 might be a candidate, but sense 1 is the basic visual perception. The phrase "hadn't seen him sit down" is a standard use of see as a verb of perception. In WordNet, sense 1 is the primary visual perception sense. Sense 3 is more about experiencing or witnessing an event contemporaneously. But the phrase "seen him sit down" could be interpreted as witnessing the event. However, looking at the glosses: sense 1 says "perceive by sight", sense 3 says "perceive or be contemporaneous with". The example for sense 3: "You'll see a lot of cheating in this school" implies witnessing events over time. But in this case, it's a specific instance of not seeing an action. I think sense 1 is more precise because the focus is on the visual act: he looked up and beheld the stranger, but hadn't seen him sit down. So it's about visual perception. Sense 3 might be related, but sense 1 is the best match.

Check if any other senses could be confused: sense 6 "get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally" with synonyms "learn, hear, get word..." That's about discovering information, not visual perception. Sense 8 "meet" etc. No. So sense 1 is the clear choice.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sit_down
Target surface form: sit down
Context:
He had already quite forgotten about him. In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him <t>sit down</t>. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sit_down%2:38:00:: | definition=take a seat | synonyms=sit
2. sense_key=sit_down%2:35:00:: | definition=show to a seat; assign a seat for | synonyms=seat, sit | examples=The host seated me next to Mrs. Smith
3. sense_key=sit_down%2:35:03:: | definition=be seated | synonyms=sit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "sit down" in the given context. The target word is "sit down", which appears as a verb phrase. The context: "He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him <t>sit down</t>." The phrase is used as an action performed by the stranger: "he hadn't seen him sit down." So the subject is "him" (the stranger) performing the action of sitting down. It's an intransitive use: the stranger sat down. The three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=sit_down%2:38:00:: | definition=take a seat | synonyms=sit
2. sense_key=sit_down%2:35:00:: | definition=show to a seat; assign a seat for | synonyms=seat, sit | examples=The host seated me next to Mrs. Smith
3. sense_key=sit_down%2:35:03:: | definition=be seated | synonyms=sit

Sense 1: "take a seat" — this is an action of sitting down, intransitive. Sense 2: "show to a seat; assign a seat for" — this is causative, meaning to cause someone to sit. Example: "The host seated me next to Mrs. Smith." This would require an object, like "He sat the guests down." In the context, the stranger is the one sitting, no one is seating him. Sense 3: "be seated" — this is the state of being seated, not the action of sitting down. "He was seated" would be stative, but the phrase is "sit down" which is clearly an action: "he hadn't seen him sit down" meaning the action of sitting down. So sense 3 is stative, not matching the action. Sense 1 "take a seat" is exactly the action. So sense 1 is best.

But note: in WordNet, "sit down" as a verb can mean both the action and the state, but context uses it as an action (he hadn't seen him perform the action). Sense 1 is "take a seat", sense 3 is "be seated". The definition of sense 3 is "be seated" which is a state, not an action. The context is "he hadn't seen him sit down" — seeing someone perform the action of sitting down. So sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 2 is causative, not used intransitively. So answer: sense_index 1.

I'll output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: man
Context:
In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The <t>man</t> was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "man" in the context: "The <t>man</t> was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow." The context describes a stranger who sat across from Haney, a wiry, dark little man. The target is "man" in "The man was uncanny..." referring to the stranger. We need to select from the candidate senses. The appropriate sense is likely the basic sense of an adult male human, as the stranger is a man. Other senses like military man, generic human, valet, etc., do not fit. Sense 1 is "an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)". That fits perfectly. So answer: index 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: uncanny
Target surface form: uncanny
Context:
In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was <t>uncanny</t>, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=uncanny%5:00:00:supernatural:00 | definition=suggesting the operation of supernatural influences; ; ; - John Galsworthy; ; - Henry Kingsley | synonyms=eldritch, weird, unearthly | examples=an eldritch screech; the three weird sisters
2. sense_key=uncanny%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 | definition=surpassing the ordinary or normal;  - George Will | synonyms=preternatural | examples=Beyond his preternatural affability there is some acid and some steel; his uncanny sense of direction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "uncanny" in the given context. The target sentence: "The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow." The context suggests that the man is mysterious, perhaps eerie, appearing and moving silently like a shadow. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=uncanny%5:00:00:supernatural:00 | definition=suggesting the operation of supernatural influences; ; ; - John Galsworthy; ; - Henry Kingsley | synonyms=eldritch, weird, unearthly | examples=an eldritch screech; the three weird sisters

2. sense_key=uncanny%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 | definition=surpassing the ordinary or normal; - George Will | synonyms=preternatural | examples=Beyond his preternatural affability there is some acid and some steel; his uncanny sense of direction

We need to choose the best sense. Sense 1 emphasizes supernatural, weird, unearthly. Sense 2 emphasizes extraordinary, surpassing normal. The context: the man is described as "like a shadow" and "made as much noise as a shadow." That suggests a mysterious, almost ghostly quality. The word "uncanny" itself often implies a sense of the strange and unsettling, bordering on supernatural. Here, the speaker feels trapped and uneasy. The phrase "like a shadow" evokes something insubstantial, perhaps eerie. Sense 1's synonyms include "weird" and "unearthly," which fit the shadowy, silent figure. Sense 2's focus on "extraordinary" might also apply, but the supernatural connotation is stronger in this context. The example for sense 2 is "his uncanny sense of direction," which is about an extraordinary ability, not about a person being shadow-like. So sense 1 is better.

Thus, I'll output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shadow
Target surface form: shadow
Context:
In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a <t>shadow</t>, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shadow%1:26:01:: | definition=shade within clear boundaries
2. sense_key=shadow%1:15:00:: | definition=an unilluminated area | synonyms=darkness, dark | examples=he moved off into the darkness
3. sense_key=shadow%1:09:00:: | definition=something existing in perception only | synonyms=apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm | examples=a ghostly apparition at midnight
4. sense_key=shadow%1:12:00:: | definition=a premonition of something adverse | examples=a shadow over his happiness
5. sense_key=shadow%1:10:00:: | definition=an indication that something has been present | synonyms=trace, vestige, tincture | examples=there wasn't a trace of evidence for the claim; a tincture of condescension
6. sense_key=shadow%1:07:00:: | definition=refuge from danger or observation | examples=he felt secure in his father's shadow
7. sense_key=shadow%1:26:00:: | definition=a dominating and pervasive presence | examples=he received little recognition working in the shadow of his father
8. sense_key=shadow%1:18:00:: | definition=a spy employed to follow someone and report their movements | synonyms=tail, shadower
9. sense_key=shadow%1:18:01:: | definition=an inseparable companion | examples=the poor child was his mother's shadow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "shadow" in the given context. The target surface form is "shadow". We have 9 candidate senses with definitions, synonyms, and examples.

Context: "The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow." The comparison is to a shadow, emphasizing being uncanny, silent, and unnoticed (he hadn't even seen him sit down). The shadow here is used metaphorically to describe a person who is elusive, silent, and almost ghostly. The phrase "like a shadow" often means something that is silent, follows without being noticed, or is insubstantial. In the options:

1. shade within clear boundaries – this is literal shadow.
2. an unilluminated area (darkness, dark) – literal darkness.
3. something existing in perception only (apparition, phantom, etc.) – this is ghostly, uncanny, something that might not be real. The text says "The man was uncanny, like a shadow" – the man is uncanny, so comparing him to a shadow might mean a ghostly presence. Also, "as if they were fellow conspirators" and his secret smile add to the uncanny feeling. The sense of phantom fits the uncanny description.
4. premonition of something adverse – not relevant.
5. indication that something has been present – trace, vestige – not exactly.
6. refuge from danger – not relevant.
7. dominating and pervasive presence – not relevant, the man is not dominating; he's unobtrusive and silent.
8. a spy – possibly, because he's following silently, but the text doesn't suggest spying. He just appears and smiles.
9. inseparable companion – the man is not a companion; he's a stranger.

The key phrase "uncanny, like a shadow" suggests something ghostly or supernatural. Sense 3: "something existing in perception only" with synonyms apparition, phantom, etc. The example: "a ghostly apparition at midnight". This fits the uncanny nature and the silence. Also, "made as much noise as a shadow" emphasizes the insubstantial, silent quality. So sense 3 is the best.

Sense 8 (spy) might also be considered because shadows can be followers, but the context emphasizes uncanniness and silent appearance, not following. Sense 9 (inseparable companion) is not because he's a stranger, not a companion. Sense 1 is literal, not metaphorical.

Thus, I choose sense_index: 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and <t>made</t> as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "made" in the given sentence: "The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow." The context describes a stranger who is silent, like a shadow. So "made as much noise as a shadow" means he produced very little noise, essentially no noise. The sense of "made" here is to produce or cause something, specifically "make noise." We need to find the sense that best captures this usage.

Let's review candidate senses:

1. make%2:41:00:: (engage in) - examples: "make love, make an effort" - not about producing a sound.
2. make%2:30:00:: (give certain properties) - "get someone mad" - not fitting.
3. make%2:36:00:: (make or cause to be or to become) - "create a mess" - might be close, but more about creating a situation.
4. make%2:32:00:: (cause to do) - "induce, stimulate" - not about producing noise.
5. make%2:36:08:: (give rise to; cause to happen) - "cause a commotion; make a stir" - This one seems perfect: "make a stir" is similar to "make noise" in the sense of causing a disturbance or sound. The definition says "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" - making noise is causing noise to happen.
6. make%2:36:01:: (create or manufacture) - physical products, not noise.
7. make%2:31:00:: (formulate in mind) - "draw a conclusion" - not.
8. make%2:36:15:: (compel) - "Heat makes you sweat" - not.
9. make%2:36:09:: (create by artistic means) - not.
10. make%2:40:01:: (earn money) - not.
11. make%2:36:05:: (create or design in a certain way) - not.
12. make%2:42:05:: (constitute) - "The branches made a roof" - not.
13. make%2:38:02:: (reach a goal) - not.
14. make%2:42:00:: (be capable of being changed) - not.
15. make%2:36:11:: (make by shaping) - not.
16. make%2:36:12:: (perform or carry out) - "make a decision" - could be a candidate, but "make noise" is not really "performing" noise in the same way as making a decision. It's more causing noise.
17. make%2:36:13:: (construct) - not.
18. make%2:30:15:: (change form) - not.
19. make%2:29:08:: (act to acquire) - "make friends" - not.
20. make%2:41:03:: (nominate) - not.
21. make%2:40:02:: (achieve points) - not.
22. make%2:38:00:: (reach destination) - not.
23. make%2:31:13:: (establish) - "make laws" - not.
24. make%2:41:13:: (commit) - "make a mistake" - not.
25. make%2:41:01:: (form by assembling) - "Make a quorum" - not.
26. make%2:36:04:: (organize event) - not.
27. make%2:30:02:: (put in order) - "make the bed" - not.
28. make%2:38:05:: (head into direction) - not.
29. make%2:29:00:: (defecate) - not.
30. make%2:42:09:: (undergo fabrication) - not.
31. make%2:42:13:: (be suitable) - not.
32. make%2:42:12:: (add up to) - not.
33. make%2:42:11:: (amount to) - not.
34. make%2:42:15:: (constitute essence) - not.
35. make%2:39:12:: (appear to begin) - not.
36. make%2:38:10:: (proceed) - not.
37. make%2:38:15:: (reach in time) - not.
38. make%2:36:10:: (gather and light) - "make a fire" - not.
39. make%2:36:07:: (cook) - not.
40. make%2:35:13:: (seduce) - not.
41. make%2:32:14:: (assure success) - not.
42. make%2:32:09:: (pretend) - not.
43. make%2:31:10:: (consider as being) - not.
44. make%2:31:12:: (calculate) - not.
45. make%2:30:10:: (cause to be enjoyable) - "make my day" - not.
46. make%2:30:14:: (favor development) - not.
47. make%2:30:12:: (develop into) - not.
48. make%2:29:06:: (behave in a certain way) - "make merry" - not.
49. make%2:29:01:: (urinate) - not.

The best candidate is sense 5: make%2:36:08::, with definition "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" and examples "cause a commotion; make a stir". In "made as much noise as a shadow", "made noise" means caused noise to happen. That matches "cause to happen" perfectly. Sense 3 is also close ("make or cause to be or to become"), but its examples are "make a mess", which is creating a physical state, not an event like noise. Sense 5 specifically mentions "cause a commotion" and "make a stir", which are actions/events, and noise is a sound event. So sense 5 is more precise.

Thus, index 5.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 5}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: noise
Target surface form: noise
Context:
In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much <t>noise</t> as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=noise%1:11:00:: | definition=sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound) | examples=he enjoyed the street noises; they heard indistinct noises of people talking
2. sense_key=noise%1:09:00:: | definition=the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience | synonyms=dissonance, racket | examples=modern music is just noise to me
3. sense_key=noise%1:11:01:: | definition=electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication | synonyms=interference, disturbance
4. sense_key=noise%1:10:00:: | definition=a loud outcry of protest or complaint | examples=the announcement of the election recount caused a lot of noise; whatever it was he didn't like it and he was going to let them know by making as loud a noise as he could
5. sense_key=noise%1:07:01:: | definition=incomprehensibility resulting from irrelevant information or meaningless facts or remarks | examples=all the noise in his speech concealed the fact that he didn't have anything to say
6. sense_key=noise%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of lacking any predictable order or plan | synonyms=randomness, haphazardness, stochasticity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "noise" with surface form "noise" in the context: "... the man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow." The phrase "made as much noise as a shadow" implies that he made very little or no sound. The comparison to a shadow suggests silence. So, the word "noise" here refers to sound, specifically the sound produced by the man. Which sense fits? The candidate senses:

1. sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound). Examples: "he enjoyed the street noises; they heard indistinct noises of people talking." This sense is broad, any kind of sound.

2. the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience (synonyms: dissonance, racket). Example: "modern music is just noise to me." This implies unpleasant sound.

3. electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication (synonyms: interference, disturbance). Typically technical.

4. a loud outcry of protest or complaint. Example: "the announcement caused a lot of noise." This is about protest, not literal sound.

5. incomprehensibility resulting from irrelevant information or meaningless facts or remarks. Example: "all the noise in his speech concealed the fact that he didn't have anything to say." This is metaphorical, about information.

6. the quality of lacking any predictable order or plan (synonyms: randomness, haphazardness, stochasticity). This is about randomness.

In the context, "made as much noise as a shadow" refers to the sound he made. Since a shadow makes no sound, it means he was silent. The relevant sense is simply "sound of any kind." It's not necessarily unpleasant or dissonant, just sound. The man "made noise" meaning he produced sound. Sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 2 might include negative connotation, but here it's just about the presence or absence of sound. Sense 4 is about protest, not applicable. The others are technical or metaphorical. So, sense_index: 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shadow
Target surface form: shadow
Context:
In fact, he had only mentioned him on the spur of the moment. His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a <t>shadow</t>. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shadow%1:26:01:: | definition=shade within clear boundaries
2. sense_key=shadow%1:15:00:: | definition=an unilluminated area | synonyms=darkness, dark | examples=he moved off into the darkness
3. sense_key=shadow%1:09:00:: | definition=something existing in perception only | synonyms=apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm | examples=a ghostly apparition at midnight
4. sense_key=shadow%1:12:00:: | definition=a premonition of something adverse | examples=a shadow over his happiness
5. sense_key=shadow%1:10:00:: | definition=an indication that something has been present | synonyms=trace, vestige, tincture | examples=there wasn't a trace of evidence for the claim; a tincture of condescension
6. sense_key=shadow%1:07:00:: | definition=refuge from danger or observation | examples=he felt secure in his father's shadow
7. sense_key=shadow%1:26:00:: | definition=a dominating and pervasive presence | examples=he received little recognition working in the shadow of his father
8. sense_key=shadow%1:18:00:: | definition=a spy employed to follow someone and report their movements | synonyms=tail, shadower
9. sense_key=shadow%1:18:01:: | definition=an inseparable companion | examples=the poor child was his mother's shadow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "shadow" in the given context. Let's analyze the context carefully.

Context: "The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow." Here, the man is described as uncanny, and compared to a shadow. The key phrase: "like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow." This suggests the man is stealthy, quiet, and perhaps insubstantial. The word "uncanny" hints at something eerie or supernatural. The comparison to a shadow emphasizes his quietness and perhaps his ability to appear unnoticed.

Now, look at the candidate senses:
1. shade within clear boundaries (literal shadow, like a silhouette)
2. an unilluminated area (darkness)
3. something existing in perception only (apparition, phantom) - examples: "a ghostly apparition at midnight"
4. a premonition of something adverse
5. an indication that something has been present (trace)
6. refuge from danger or observation
7. a dominating and pervasive presence
8. a spy employed to follow someone (tail)
9. an inseparable companion

The man is described as "uncanny" and quiet, like a shadow. He appears suddenly (Haney didn't see him sit down). This suggests something ghostly or phantom-like. Sense 3 is "something existing in perception only" with synonyms "apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm". The example "a ghostly apparition at midnight" fits the uncanny, ghost-like quality. Sense 9 "inseparable companion" doesn't fit because the man is a stranger, not a companion. Sense 2 "unilluminated area" is a place, not a person-like description. Sense 1 is a literal shadow, but here it's used figuratively to describe a person. Sense 3 emphasizes the intangibility and ghostliness. The context says "like a shadow" and "made as much noise as a shadow" – so the quietness is key, but the uncanny aspect points to something phantom-like. So I'll go with sense 3.

Thus, sense_index should be 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shrink
Target surface form: shrinking
Context:
His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like <t>shrinking</t> out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shrink%2:30:02:: | definition=wither, as with a loss of moisture | synonyms=shrivel, shrivel up, wither | examples=The fruit dried and shriveled
2. sense_key=shrink%2:38:00:: | definition=draw back, as with fear or pain | synonyms=flinch, squinch, funk, cringe, wince, recoil | examples=she flinched when they showed the slaughtering of the calf
3. sense_key=shrink%2:30:01:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=reduce | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
4. sense_key=shrink%2:30:00:: | definition=become smaller or draw together | synonyms=contract | examples=The fabric shrank; The balloon shrank
5. sense_key=shrink%2:30:11:: | definition=decrease in size, range, or extent | synonyms=shrivel | examples=His earnings shrank; My courage shrivelled when I saw the task before me

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target word "shrinking" in the given context. The target lemma is "shrink". We need to choose the best sense from five candidate senses provided.

Context: "Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man." The situation: Haney is uneasy, maybe scared or wanting to escape. He "felt like shrinking out of sight" means he wanted to become smaller, less visible, or to disappear because he was uncomfortable, possibly afraid. The phrase "shrinking out of sight" is a metaphorical expression often meaning to try to hide or make oneself inconspicuous, often due to fear or embarrassment. The context: "His real grievance was Lolly... he became aware that he was not alone... the man was uncanny... Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped..." So it's about wanting to withdraw or disappear due to the unpleasant situation.

Now, look at the senses:

1. wither, as with a loss of moisture (shrivel, wither) - Not about fear or drawing back, but physical drying up. Out.

2. draw back, as with fear or pain (flinch, squinch, funk, cringe, wince, recoil) - This is about a physical or emotional recoiling due to fear or pain. "Shrinking out of sight" could be interpreted as cringing or flinching, wanting to withdraw. The example: "she flinched when they showed the slaughtering" - that's a sudden movement away. But "shrinking out of sight" might be more about trying to become invisible, not just a flinch. Still, this sense includes "cringe" which could fit. But note: "shrink" in the sense of "shrink away" or "shrink back" often aligns with this sense.

3. reduce in size; reduce physically (reduce) - Transitive, "Hot water will shrink the sweater" - Not applicable here, as it's intransitive "shrinking out of sight".

4. become smaller or draw together (contract) - Intransitive physical shrinking, like "The fabric shrank". "Shrinking out of sight" might be metaphorical but the sense is physical contraction. However, the phrase "shrink out of sight" is idiomatic, often meaning to disappear or hide. But is it physical shrinking? No, it's metaphorical.

5. decrease in size, range, or extent (shrivel) - "His earnings shrank; My courage shrivelled" - This sense is often figurative, like decrease in quantity or intensity. "Shrinking out of sight" could mean his presence diminished. But "my courage shrivelled" is similar to a feeling of shrinking. Yet, this sense is about abstract things like earnings, courage, not a person physically wanting to be smaller.

The phrase "shrink out of sight" is an idiom meaning to try to hide or make oneself less noticeable, often from fear or embarrassment. It aligns most with sense 2: draw back, as with fear or pain. The synonyms include cringe, which is similar. Also, in the context, he is trapped and wishes he could disappear, which is a form of withdrawing. Sense 2 includes "flinch, squinch, funk, cringe, wince, recoil" — all psychological or physical withdrawal due to fear. Sense 5 might be about courage shrinking, but the person isn't shrinking his size; he's figuratively trying to hide. Sense 2's definition "draw back" fits better because "shrinking out of sight" implies a movement to retreat or hide. The sense 5 example "My courage shrivelled" is about an attribute shrinking, not about the person physically drawing back. The subject in "Haney felt like shrinking out of sight" is Haney himself wanting to draw back or disappear. So sense 2 is most appropriate.

Check: Sense 2's examples: "she flinched..." But "shrink out of sight" is not exactly flinch; it's a desire to hide. But the sense includes "cringe" which can be about making oneself small. The WordNet synset for shrink%2:38:00:: is for the verb "shrink" in the sense "draw back". I think that's what "shrinking out of sight" means: trying to become less visible by drawing back. So I'll pick sense 2.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trap
Target surface form: trapped
Context:
His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already <t>trapped</t> in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trap%2:41:00:: | definition=place in a confining or embarrassing position | synonyms=pin down | examples=He was trapped in a difficult situation
2. sense_key=trap%2:35:00:: | definition=catch in or as if in a trap | synonyms=entrap, snare, ensnare, trammel | examples=The men trap foxes
3. sense_key=trap%2:35:01:: | definition=hold or catch as if in a trap | examples=The gaps between the teeth trap food particles
4. sense_key=trap%2:35:02:: | definition=to hold fast or prevent from moving | synonyms=pin, immobilize, immobilise | examples=The child was pinned under the fallen tree

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the target word "trapped" in the given context. The lemma is "trap", surface form "trapped". We have four candidate senses with definitions, synonyms, and examples.

Let's read the context carefully:

"His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already <t>trapped</t> in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing."

The target word is "trapped" in the phrase "he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man." So Haney is in a corner with a stranger, feeling like he can't escape or avoid the situation. The context suggests a sense of being confined or stuck in an uncomfortable position, not physically caught in a device, but more metaphorically stuck in a corner with someone he'd rather avoid.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=trap%2:41:00:: | definition=place in a confining or embarrassing position | synonyms=pin down | examples=He was trapped in a difficult situation
2. sense_key=trap%2:35:00:: | definition=catch in or as if in a trap | synonyms=entrap, snare, ensnare, trammel | examples=The men trap foxes
3. sense_key=trap%2:35:01:: | definition=hold or catch as if in a trap | examples=The gaps between the teeth trap food particles
4. sense_key=trap%2:35:02:: | definition=to hold fast or prevent from moving | synonyms=pin, immobilize, immobilise | examples=The child was pinned under the fallen tree

We need to choose the best one. Sense 1 is explicitly about a confining or embarrassing position, with example "He was trapped in a difficult situation." That seems very close to our context: Haney is trapped in a corner with someone, feeling like he can't get out. It's more about a social or situational trap, not a physical one. Sense 2 is about literally catching in a trap, like trapping animals. Sense 3 is about holding or catching as if in a trap, like food particles getting stuck. Sense 4 is about physically holding fast or preventing movement, like being pinned under a tree.

In the context, Haney is not physically trapped; he could probably get up and leave, but he feels socially or situationally trapped. The phrase "trapped in the corner" might suggest physical location, but the overall tone is about being stuck with someone he doesn't want to be with. It's a confining position emotionally or socially. Sense 1 seems most appropriate, as it directly mentions "confining or embarrassing position" and the example is about a difficult situation. Also, note that "pin down" is a synonym, which can be used metaphorically.

Sense 4 is about immobilizing, which could be physical, but here there's no indication he can't move; it's more about the situation. Sense 2 is about ensnaring, which could be metaphorical, but the example is literally trapping foxes, so it's more literal. Sense 3 is about small spaces trapping particles, not really fitting.

Thus, sense 1 is the best fit.

The answer should be a JSON object with the sense index. So: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: corner
Target surface form: corner
Context:
His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the <t>corner</t> with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=corner%1:15:02:: | definition=a place off to the side of an area | examples=he tripled to the rightfield corner; the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean
2. sense_key=corner%1:15:00:: | definition=the point where two lines meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a rectangle
3. sense_key=corner%1:06:02:: | definition=an interior angle formed by two meeting walls | synonyms=nook | examples=a piano was in one corner of the room
4. sense_key=corner%1:06:00:: | definition=the intersection of two streets | synonyms=street corner, turning point | examples=standing on the corner watching all the girls go by
5. sense_key=corner%1:15:01:: | definition=the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a cube
6. sense_key=corner%1:25:00:: | definition=a small concavity | synonyms=recess, recession, niche
7. sense_key=corner%1:26:00:: | definition=a temporary monopoly on a kind of commercial trade | examples=a corner on the silver market
8. sense_key=corner%1:26:01:: | definition=a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible | synonyms=box | examples=his lying got him into a tight corner
9. sense_key=corner%1:17:00:: | definition=a projecting part where two sides or edges meet | examples=he knocked off the corners
10. sense_key=corner%1:15:03:: | definition=a remote area | examples=in many corners of the world they still practice slavery
11. sense_key=corner%1:06:01:: | definition=(architecture) solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone | synonyms=quoin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "corner" and a target surface form "corner" in a context. The context: "His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the <t>corner</t> with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate senses provided. The target word is "corner" in the phrase "trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man." This suggests a physical location, likely an interior corner of a room or a secluded spot. Haney is at a table, making rings with his glass, and a stranger sits across from him. He feels trapped. The phrase "in the corner" here likely means a corner of a room or a confined area. Sense 3: "an interior angle formed by two meeting walls" with synonym "nook" and example "a piano was in one corner of the room" fits well. Sense 8: "a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible" (box) could also be metaphorical, but the context seems literal: "trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man" suggests a physical corner. He is at a table, so likely a corner of a booth or a corner of the room. The man is sitting across the table, so Haney might be seated in a corner booth, making him feel trapped. Thus, literal "corner" as a place where two walls meet (sense 3) is most appropriate. Sense 8 is a metaphorical extension (tight corner), but the context describes physical setting: highball, table-top, glass, sitting across the table. So it's likely a physical corner of a room or booth. Sense 1: "a place off to the side of an area" could also work, but sense 3 is more specific to interior spaces. Sense 2: "the point where two lines meet or intersect" is geometric. Sense 4: "the intersection of two streets" is outside. This is indoors. Sense 5: "the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect" is for corners of a cube. Sense 6: "a small concavity" is a niche. Sense 9: "a projecting part where two sides or edges meet" is an external corner. Sense 10: "a remote area" is metaphorical. Sense 11: architecture exterior corner. So the best is sense 3.

Thus, output: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wiry
Target surface form: wiry
Context:
His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the <t>wiry</t>, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wiry%5:00:00:thin:03 | definition=lean and sinewy | synonyms=stringy
2. sense_key=wiry%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to wire
3. sense_key=wiry%5:00:00:hairy:00 | definition=of hair that resembles wire in stiffness | examples=wiry red hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "wiry" in the given context. The candidate senses:

1. sense_key=wiry%5:00:00:thin:03 | definition=lean and sinewy | synonyms=stringy
2. sense_key=wiry%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to wire
3. sense_key=wiry%5:00:00:hairy:00 | definition=of hair that resembles wire in stiffness | examples=wiry red hair

Context: "the <t>wiry</t>, dark little man". The man is described as wiry. Which sense fits? "Lean and sinewy" (sense 1) is commonly used for a person's build. "Of or relating to wire" (sense 2) is not typical for describing a person. "Of hair that resembles wire in stiffness" (sense 3) could apply if describing his hair, but it says "wiry, dark little man" — "wiry" is likely modifying the man overall, suggesting a lean, tough physique. "Dark" might refer to hair or complexion, but "wiry" typically means thin but strong, sinewy. So sense 1 is the best fit.

Check if there's any indication of hair: "wiry red hair" is given as an example for sense 3, but here it's "dark little man", no mention of hair specifically. The man is "wiry" and "dark", both adjectives describing the man. So I'll choose sense_index 1.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark <t>little</t> man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "little" in the given context. The target surface form is "little". We have eight candidate senses.

Context: "Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man." So "little man" here describes a person. The man is described as wiry and dark, and "little". We need to choose the sense that best fits "little" modifying "man".

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. little%3:00:01:: definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; synonyms=small; examples=a little dining room; a little house. This sense is about size/extent, could apply to a person: a little man = a small man.

2. little%3:00:03:: definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some; synonyms=slight; examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought. This is for mass nouns, not for a countable noun like "man". Not applicable.

3. little%5:00:00:young:00 definition=(of children and animals) young, immature; synonyms=small; examples=what a big little boy you are; small children. This implies young age, but context: the man is an adult ("wiry, dark little man"), not a child. So not likely.

4. little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 definition=(informal) small and of little importance; synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling; examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture. This sense emphasizes unimportance, not physical size. Could be used for a person meaning insignificant, but in the context, Haney is trapped in a corner with this man, and the man is described as uncanny, like a shadow, making no noise. It might suggest the man is physically small (they are in a corner) and possibly also insignificant? But the focus seems more on physical presence. "Wirly, dark little man" – "little" here likely describes stature, not importance. The sense is about importance, and while it's possible, it's less direct.

5. little%5:00:00:soft:04 definition=(of a voice) faint; synonyms=small; examples=a little voice. Not applicable, modifying "man", not a voice.

6. little%3:00:00:: definition=low in stature; not tall; synonyms=short; examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature. This directly describes a person's height. "Little man" = short man. Perfect fit.

7. little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 definition=lowercase; examples=little a. Not applicable.

8. little%5:00:00:emotional:00 definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context); examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart. Could apply: "little man" might evoke a feeling, perhaps condescension or affection, but the context doesn't emphasize emotion; it's a straightforward description. The sense might be used to arouse feelings, but here Haney is feeling trapped, not tender. So likely not.

Between sense 1 and 6: Sense 1 is about size in general (number, quantity, magnitude, extent). Sense 6 specifically about stature (height). When describing a person as "little", the most common sense is indicating short stature. Sense 1 is broader and could also apply, but sense 6 is more precise. In WordNet, adjectives often have a core sense and then more specific ones. For "little" modifying "man", sense 6 (low in stature; not tall) is the most appropriate indexed sense. The examples given for sense 6 include "he was short and stocky; short in stature" which clearly applies to a person.

Thus, I choose sense 6.

Output as JSON: {"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: man
Context:
His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little <t>man</t>. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "man" with surface form "man" in context. We need to choose the best sense from the 11 candidate senses. Let's analyze the context.

Context:
"His real grievance was Lolly. Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little <t>man</t>. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing."

We see the target word is in: "he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little <t>man</t>." This refers back to "the stranger" who is sitting across the table, a male person. So we're looking for a sense meaning an adult male person.

Let's evaluate the senses:

1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
   - This fits: the stranger is an adult male.

2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
   - No military context.

3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
   - This is generic human, but the context specifies a male person (referred to as "the man" and described as "wiry, dark little man", and earlier "the stranger" with no indication of female). So it's specifically male.

4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae... | synonyms=homo, human being, human
   - Too broad; the context is about a specific human male.

5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
   - Not a subordinate; just a stranger.

6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent)
   - This is about character; not indicated here.

7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant
   - Not a servant.

8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman
   - Not relevant.

9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea
   - Place name, not relevant.

10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games
    - Not a game piece.

11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth
    - Not referring to all humans.

Clearly, sense 1 is the best: an adult person who is male. Sense 3 is generic use for any human being, but here it's explicitly male. So 1 is more precise.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud