[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: heading
Target surface form: heading
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular <t>heading</t> on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=heading%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about | synonyms=header, head | examples=the heading seemed to have little to do with the text
2. sense_key=heading%1:15:00:: | definition=the direction or path along which something moves or along which it lies | synonyms=bearing, aim
3. sense_key=heading%1:06:00:: | definition=a horizontal (or nearly horizontal) passageway in a mine | synonyms=drift, gallery | examples=they dug a drift parallel with the vein

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "heading" in the given context. The context is from a financial news article: "The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday..." Here, "heading" means a direction or trend, as in the market had no clear direction or momentum. Sense 2: "the direction or path along which something moves or along which it lies" with synonyms bearing, aim. That fits perfectly. Sense 1 refers to a textual header, and sense 3 is a mining term. So the correct index is 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: market
Target surface form: market
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a <t>market</t> torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "market" in the given context. We must choose from five candidate senses. The target word appears in: "a <t>market</t> torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar". The context is about the New York Stock Exchange closing without momentum, with the Dow Jones up and NASDAQ down. The market is described as torn between good indicators and a strong dollar. This clearly refers to the stock market or securities market, not a physical marketplace for goods. Among the options, sense 4 is: "the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms: securities industry | example: the market always frustrates the small investor". Sense 1 is broad: "the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold", but it's more generic. The context specifies a stock market context, so sense 4 is more precise. Sense 2 is about customers for a product; sense 3 is a grocery store; sense 5 is a physical marketplace. Therefore, the best fit is sense 4.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Fireworks

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicator
Target surface form: indicators
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected <t>indicators</t> in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicator%1:10:00:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index, index number, indicant
2. sense_key=indicator%1:10:01:: | definition=a signal for attracting attention
3. sense_key=indicator%1:06:00:: | definition=a device for showing the operating condition of some system
4. sense_key=indicator%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "indicators" in the given context. The context is a financial news article about Wall Street, mentioning "better than expected indicators in the United States." The senses provided are four distinct WordNet senses.

Let's analyze each sense:
1. Sense 1: "a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time" synonyms: index, index number, indicant. This sense fits economic indicators, which are numbers like GDP, unemployment rate, etc. The context mentions "better than expected indicators" in the context of Wall Street, so it's likely economic indicators.
2. Sense 2: "a signal for attracting attention." This is more general, like a pointer or a sign. Not likely in financial context.
3. Sense 3: "a device for showing the operating condition of some system." This is a physical device, like a gauge. Not applicable.
4. Sense 4: "(chemistry) a substance that changes color..." Not applicable.

Thus, sense 1 is the most appropriate. The context clearly refers to economic indicators.

Output: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the <t>United States</t> and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are to choose the correct sense index for "United States" in the given context. The target is in the sentence: "...in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar...". Clearly, "United States" here refers to the country, not the government. The first sense is the country, the second sense is the government. So sense 1 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dollar
Target surface form: dollar
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening <t>dollar</t>: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dollar%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents
2. sense_key=dollar%1:21:00:: | definition=a piece of paper money worth one dollar | synonyms=dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam
3. sense_key=dollar%1:21:01:: | definition=a United States coin worth one dollar | examples=the dollar coin has never been popular in the United States
4. sense_key=dollar%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol of commercialism or greed | synonyms=dollar mark, dollar sign | examples=he worships the almighty dollar; the dollar sign means little to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "dollar" in the given context. The context is about financial markets, talking about a "strengthening dollar" affecting stock indices. The target is in the phrase "a strengthening dollar". This clearly refers to the currency (the US dollar) as a whole, not a single bill or coin, and not a symbol of commercialism. So, it's the basic monetary unit. Sense 1 is "the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents". That fits perfectly. Sense 2 is a piece of paper money worth one dollar (a dollar bill), sense 3 is a coin, sense 4 is a symbol. None of those match the context of a strengthening currency in forex or macroeconomic sense. So I'll choose sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: figure
Target surface form: figures
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing <t>figures</t>, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=figure%1:10:00:: | definition=a diagram or picture illustrating textual material | synonyms=fig | examples=the area covered can be seen from Figure 2
2. sense_key=figure%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, physique | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
3. sense_key=figure%1:23:00:: | definition=one of the elements that collectively form a system of numeration | synonyms=digit | examples=0 and 1 are digits
4. sense_key=figure%1:06:00:: | definition=a model of a bodily form (especially of a person) | examples=he made a figure of Santa Claus
5. sense_key=figure%1:18:00:: | definition=a well-known or notable person | synonyms=name, public figure | examples=they studied all the great names in the history of France; she is an important figure in modern music
6. sense_key=figure%1:25:00:: | definition=a combination of points and lines and planes that form a visible palpable shape
7. sense_key=figure%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount of money expressed numerically | examples=a figure of $17 was suggested
8. sense_key=figure%1:07:00:: | definition=the impression produced by a person | examples=he cut a fine figure; a heroic figure
9. sense_key=figure%1:07:01:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=number | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
10. sense_key=figure%1:10:01:: | definition=language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense | synonyms=trope, figure of speech, image
11. sense_key=figure%1:09:00:: | definition=a unitary percept having structure and coherence that is the object of attention and that stands out against a ground
12. sense_key=figure%1:06:01:: | definition=a decorative or artistic work | synonyms=design, pattern | examples=the coach had a design on the doors
13. sense_key=figure%1:04:00:: | definition=a predetermined set of movements in dancing or skating | examples=she made the best score on compulsory figures

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "figure" with surface form "figures" in the context: "According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points...". The sentence is about stock market numbers. The phrase "final closing figures" clearly means numerical data, specifically the final index values. So "figures" here means numbers or digits representing amounts. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. diagram or picture - no.
2. human body - no.
3. one of the elements that collectively form a system of numeration (digit) - possibly, but "figures" plural here refers to the numbers themselves, like the index values.
4. model of a bodily form - no.
5. well-known person - no.
6. combination of points and lines forming a shape - no.
7. an amount of money expressed numerically - this is close: "a figure of $17 was suggested". Here "figures" are numerical amounts, but in the context, they are not necessarily money, though they are stock market index numbers which are amounts. Could be sense 7.
8. impression produced by a person - no.
9. the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals (number) - example: "he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small". This sense is about number as a property. The phrase "final closing figures" means the final numbers (like 10,471.50). That fits sense 9: "number" as a count or quantity.
10. figurative language - no.
11. unitary percept - no.
12. decorative work - no.
13. movements in dancing - no.

We need to differentiate between sense 3 (digit), 7 (amount of money), and 9 (number). Sense 3 is specifically a single element in a numeration system (like a digit 0-9). Here "figures" is plural and refers to the actual numerical values (the Dow Jones average points). So it's not just a digit; it's a number. Sense 7 is about money, but the context is stock market points, which are not necessarily money explicitly, but they are numerical values. Sense 9 is broader: "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals" and synonyms include "number". The example: "the number of parameters is small". This fits. However, there is also a note: in sense 9, the gloss is "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals" and the example "he had a number of chores to do" might be a different sense? But in WordNet, sense_key=figure%1:07:01:: is "number" with that definition. In financial contexts, "closing figures" means the final numbers. So I think sense 9 is the best match: it's the number (the value) itself.

But let's check: sense 3 is "digit", which is more like a single numeral. Sense 7 is specifically money. Sense 9 is the abstract number. The context: "According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points" – they are giving the numerical values. So "figures" here are the numbers. I'd go with sense 9.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 9}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: predominance
Target surface form: predominance
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology <t>predominance</t>, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=predominance%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being predominant over others | synonyms=predomination, prepotency
2. sense_key=predominance%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being more noticeable than anything else | synonyms=predomination | examples=the predomination of blues gave the painting a quiet tone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word: "predominance" in a specific context. The sentence: "The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points."

The phrase is: "the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point". So, "technology predominance" means that technology is a dominant or predominant factor in the NASDAQ index. The NASDAQ is known for having many technology stocks, so technology is the dominant sector. Thus, "predominance" here refers to the state of being predominant or the quality of being more noticeable? Both senses seem possible.

Sense 1: "the state of being predominant over others" synonyms: predomination, prepotency. This is about being dominant, having control or influence over others. In the context, technology has a predominance in the NASDAQ, meaning it is the dominant sector. That fits the state of being predominant.

Sense 2: "the quality of being more noticeable than anything else" synonyms: predomination. Example: "the predomination of blues gave the painting a quiet tone". This is about being prominent or conspicuous. In our context, technology is certainly noticeable, but the meaning is more about it being the dominant component. The NASDAQ has a "technology predominance" means that technology stocks predominate, they are the majority or have the most influence. That's more about dominance than mere noticeability.

Typically, when talking about a stock index having a sector predominance, it means that sector is the largest or most influential, i.e., predominant. That aligns with sense 1. Sense 2 is about being more noticeable, which could be a subtle difference. But the example for sense 2 talks about colors in a painting, a perceptual prominence. Here, it's about the composition of an index. So sense 1 is better.

Thus, I'll choose sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: market
Target surface form: market
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the <t>market</t> is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about the stock market. The target word "market" appears in the sentence: "Frankly, the <t>market</t> is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year." The context is clearly about the financial market, specifically the New York Stock Exchange and the securities market overall.

Let's examine the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

The context mentions "Dow Jones", "NASDAQ", "Standard & Poor's 500", "trading volumes", "securities markets". So it's clearly about the financial market, specifically the securities market. Sense 4 is exactly "the securities markets in the aggregate", with synonyms "securities industry", and example "the market always frustrates the small investor" which fits the financial context. Sense 1 is more general, "world of commercial activity". Sense 2 is about customers for a product. Sense 3 is grocery store. Sense 5 is a physical marketplace. Sense 4 is the most specific and accurate. Therefore, the best indexed sense is 4.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: volume
Target surface form: volumes
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading <t>volumes</t> have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=volume%1:23:00:: | definition=the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object | examples=the gas expanded to twice its original volume
2. sense_key=volume%1:07:03:: | definition=the property of something that is great in magnitude | synonyms=bulk, mass | examples=it is cheaper to buy it in bulk; he received a mass of correspondence
3. sense_key=volume%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=book | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
4. sense_key=volume%1:10:00:: | definition=a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications | examples=the third volume was missing; he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review
5. sense_key=volume%1:23:01:: | definition=a relative amount | examples=mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water
6. sense_key=volume%1:07:02:: | definition=the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction) | synonyms=loudness, intensity | examples=the kids played their music at full volume

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "volume" with surface form "volumes" in the context: "trading <t>volumes</t> have become very weak". The context is about financial markets, where "trading volumes" refers to the number of shares or contracts traded. So the sense is related to a quantity or amount of trades. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=volume%1:23:00:: (physical space) - not about trading.
2. sense_key=volume%1:07:03:: (great magnitude, bulk/mass) - could be about a large amount, but in finance "volume" specifically means the number of shares traded, not just bulk. Example: "it is cheaper to buy it in bulk; he received a mass of correspondence" - not financial.
3. sense_key=volume%1:06:00:: (book) - not trading.
4. sense_key=volume%1:10:00:: (publication set) - not trading.
5. sense_key=volume%1:23:01:: (relative amount) - "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water" - this is a ratio, not trading volume.
6. sense_key=volume%1:07:02:: (loudness) - not trading.

None of these senses directly correspond to "trading volume" in finance. However, WordNet may not have a specific sense for financial volume. The closest might be sense 2: "the property of something that is great in magnitude" with synonyms bulk, mass. But that sense is about greatness in magnitude, not specifically the total number of transactions. In finance, "volume" refers to the total quantity of shares or contracts traded. It is a measurable amount. Could also be sense 1 of "volume" as an amount? Sense 1 is physical space, not appropriate. Sense 5 is "relative amount" which is about proportions, not total count. There might be a missing sense: WordNet does have a sense "volume" (noun) in the sense of "a (large) quantity" or "amount". Checking WordNet, there might be another sense key: volume%1:07:00:: or similar. But we must choose from these six. Sense 2: "property of something that is great in magnitude" seems the most generic for a large amount, but the example uses "bulk" and "mass", not trading. However, in financial contexts, "volume" is often used to indicate the amount of activity. It might be considered a magnitude. I lean toward sense 2 as the best fit among the given options. But is there any sense more appropriate? Sense 5 is "relative amount" but that's about mixing proportions. Sense 2: "bulk, mass" - "he received a mass of correspondence" indicates a large amount, but trading volumes may not be "great in magnitude", they can be "weak" as in the text. The text says "trading volumes have become very weak", meaning low volume, not great magnitude. So sense 2 emphasizes greatness, which doesn't fit "weak" (low) volume. In finance, "volume" is a neutral count of transactions, not necessarily large. So sense 2 might be suboptimal. Another possible interpretation: "volume" as an amount of space? No. In economics, "volume" is often used to denote quantity traded. WordNet may have a sense like "volume" as "the number of shares or contracts traded in a security or in an entire market during a given period of time". I suspect that this specific financial sense might be missing. But we must choose one. Among these, the closest might be sense 2 if we stretch it, or possibly sense 5 as "a relative amount"? That doesn't fit either. Without a perfect match, I'll go with sense 2 because "volume" in trading is a magnitude of activity, and it can be expressed as a number. Even though the text says "weak", the property itself is the magnitude. I'll select sense index 2.

But let's double-check: sense 2's definition: "the property of something that is great in magnitude". Great suggests large, but the word "volume" itself can be used for any level. Still, it's the closest. The task says: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." In context, "trading volumes" refers to the amount of trading, which is a mass or bulk of transactions. So sense 2 seems plausible.

Thus, I'll output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the <t>case</t> until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "case" and the context is about the stock market closing. The sentence with the target word is: "I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year." Here, "the case" refers to the current state of the market being calm, with low trading volumes. It's an expression like "remain the case" meaning the situation will stay the same. Checking the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: an occurrence of something. Example: another instance. Could loosely fit but "remain the case" is more about the state of affairs.

2. sense 2: a special set of circumstances. Synonyms: event. Example: "in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled." The phrase "in which case" is similar to "this will remain the case" - it refers to a situation or condition.

4. sense 4: the actual state of things. Definition: examples: "that was not the case". This directly matches the phrase "remain the case" meaning "the actual state of things will stay the same".

We need to choose the best indexed sense. Sense 4 seems most precise: "the actual state of things" with example "that was not the case". Sense 2 is "a special set of circumstances" but it's more like a particular event or condition. But "the case" in context is not a specific set of circumstances, it's the general state of affairs. The phrase "remain the case" is a common idiom for "the situation will persist". Sense 4 explicitly defines "the actual state of things" with the example "that was not the case". So I'll go with sense 4.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: end
Target surface form: end
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the <t>end</t> of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=end%1:15:00:: | definition=either extremity of something that has length | synonyms=terminal | examples=the end of the pier; she knotted the end of the thread
2. sense_key=end%1:28:00:: | definition=the point in time at which something ends | synonyms=ending | examples=the end of the year; the ending of warranty period
3. sense_key=end%1:11:00:: | definition=the concluding parts of an event or occurrence | synonyms=last, final stage | examples=the end was exciting; I had to miss the last of the movie
4. sense_key=end%1:09:02:: | definition=the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it | synonyms=goal | examples=the ends justify the means
5. sense_key=end%1:09:00:: | definition=a final part or section | examples=we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus; Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end
6. sense_key=end%1:26:00:: | definition=a final state | synonyms=destruction, death | examples=he came to a bad end; the so-called glorious experiment came to an inglorious end
7. sense_key=end%1:15:02:: | definition=the surface at either extremity of a three-dimensional object | examples=one end of the box was marked `This side up'
8. sense_key=end%1:18:00:: | definition=(football) the person who plays at one end of the line of scrimmage | examples=the end managed to hold onto the pass
9. sense_key=end%1:15:01:: | definition=a boundary marking the extremities of something | examples=the end of town
10. sense_key=end%1:15:03:: | definition=one of two places from which people are communicating to each other | examples=the phone rang at the other end; both ends wrote at the same time
11. sense_key=end%1:04:00:: | definition=the part you are expected to play | examples=he held up his end
12. sense_key=end%1:10:00:: | definition=the last section of a communication | synonyms=conclusion, close, closing, ending | examples=in conclusion I want to say...
13. sense_key=end%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of cloth that is left over after the rest has been used or sold | synonyms=remainder, remnant, oddment
14. sense_key=end%1:04:02:: | definition=(American football) a position on the line of scrimmage | examples=no one wanted to play end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to find the best sense for the word "end" in the given context. The target surface form is "end", and the context is about the stock market. The specific sentence: "I think that this will remain the case until the <t>end</t> of the year."

We need to disambiguate "end" in this context. The phrase is "until the end of the year". This clearly refers to a point in time when the year finishes. So it's a temporal meaning.

Now, let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=end%1:15:00:: definition: either extremity of something that has length. Example: the end of the pier. Not temporal.

2. sense_key=end%1:28:00:: definition: the point in time at which something ends. Example: the end of the year; the ending of warranty period. Synonyms: ending. This directly matches: "the end of the year" is one of the examples! So this is the most appropriate.

3. sense_key=end%1:11:00:: definition: the concluding parts of an event or occurrence. Example: the end was exciting; I had to miss the last of the movie. This could be similar, but it's more about the concluding parts of an event, not specifically a point in time. The phrase "until the end of the year" refers to a temporal point, not an event's concluding part. So sense 2 is better.

4. sense_key=end%1:09:02:: definition: the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve; goal. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=end%1:09:00:: definition: a final part or section. Example: we have given it at the end of the section... This is similar to sense 2 but broader, including sections of things, not specifically time. Again, "end of the year" is a time, so sense 2 is more specific.

6. sense_key=end%1:26:00:: definition: a final state (e.g., destruction, death). Not relevant.

7. sense_key=end%1:15:02:: definition: the surface at either extremity of a three-dimensional object. Not relevant.

8. sense_key=end%1:18:00:: (football) person. Not relevant.

9. sense_key=end%1:15:01:: boundary marking the extremities. Not temporal.

10. sense_key=end%1:15:03:: one of two places communicating. Not relevant.

11. sense_key=end%1:04:00:: part you are expected to play. Not relevant.

12. sense_key=end%1:10:00:: the last section of a communication. Not relevant.

13. sense_key=end%1:06:02:: piece of cloth leftover. Not relevant.

14. sense_key=end%1:04:02:: American football position. Not relevant.

So, clearly, sense 2 is the best match. The example in sense 2 exactly contains "the end of the year". The context says "until the end of the year", matching that temporal sense.

Thus, the answer is sense_index: 2.

We need to return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the <t>year</t>. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "year" with surface form "year" in context. The context is a financial news article about Wall Street closing. The sentence containing the target: "I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year."

We have four candidate senses:

1. sense_index=1: period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (twelvemonth, yr). Examples: "she is 4 years old; in the year 1920"
2. sense_index=2: period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity. Example: "a school year"
3. sense_index=3: period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun. Example: "a Martian year takes 687 of our days"
4. sense_index=4: a body of students who graduate together. Example: "the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High"

In the context, "until the end of the year" refers to a calendar year, likely meaning the period from now until December 31 of that same year, which is a standard 365/366-day period. Sense 1 is the most common and general sense of "year" as a calendar year. Sense 2 is for a specific activity year (like school year, fiscal year), but here it's just "the year" without any specific activity, so it's likely the general calendar year. Sense 3 is astronomical year, not applicable. Sense 4 is about a group of students, not applicable.

Therefore, sense_index=1 is the best fit.

Note: We must return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1} (with integer).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trend
Target surface form: trend
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The <t>trend</t> was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trend%1:15:02:: | definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | synonyms=tendency | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current; the trend of the stock market
2. sense_key=trend%1:15:01:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=course | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast
3. sense_key=trend%1:09:00:: | definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | synonyms=drift, movement | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right
4. sense_key=trend%1:09:02:: | definition=the popular taste at a given time | synonyms=vogue, style | examples=leather is the latest vogue; he followed current trends

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "trend" in the given context. The context is about the stock market: "The <t>trend</t> was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators..." The sentence talks about the market trend being supported. The phrase "trend of the stock market" appears in the example for sense 1. Sense 1: "a general direction in which something tends to move" with synonym "tendency" and example "the trend of the stock market". That fits perfectly. Sense 2: general line of orientation, like a physical direction (river, coast). Not applicable. Sense 3: general tendency to change (as of opinion), with examples about political opinion or book trend. While the stock market can involve opinion, the context directly references "the trend of the stock market" which is exactly the example in sense 1. Sense 4: popular taste, fashion trend. Not relevant. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: publication
Target surface form: publication
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the <t>publication</t> of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=publication%1:10:00:: | definition=a copy of a printed work offered for distribution
2. sense_key=publication%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=issue
3. sense_key=publication%1:04:02:: | definition=the communication of something to the public; making information generally known
4. sense_key=publication%1:04:00:: | definition=the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution | synonyms=publishing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "publication" and its surface form, and a context sentence. The context: "The trend was supported by the <t>publication</t> of better than expected economic indicators". So "publication" here refers to the act of making information public, specifically the release of economic indicators. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: a copy of a printed work offered for distribution. This is a physical copy, like a book or magazine. Not appropriate here, because it's not about a printed work; it's about releasing data.

2. sense 2: the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=issue. This is about issuing printed matter. Could be close, but the economic indicators are not necessarily printed materials; they are data released to the public. The synonym "issue" might be used as in "the issue of a report", but it emphasizes the act of issuing printed materials. The context is about "publication of better than expected economic indicators", which is more about making the information known, not necessarily printing.

3. sense 3: the communication of something to the public; making information generally known. This fits perfectly: the publication of economic indicators means making that information public.

4. sense 4: the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution | synonyms=publishing. This is the industry, like the publishing business. Not appropriate.

Clearly, sense 3 is the act of communicating information to the public. So the answer is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicator
Target surface form: indicators
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic <t>indicators</t>, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicator%1:10:00:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index, index number, indicant
2. sense_key=indicator%1:10:01:: | definition=a signal for attracting attention
3. sense_key=indicator%1:06:00:: | definition=a device for showing the operating condition of some system
4. sense_key=indicator%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate "indicators" in the given context. The target is "indicators" as in "better than expected economic indicators". We need to choose the correct sense from four provided. The context is financial/economic: stock market, retail sales, economic recovery. "Economic indicators" refers to statistics like retail sales, GDP, etc., which are numbers used to gauge economic health. That matches sense 1: "a number or ratio ... derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time" with synonyms index, index number, indicant. That's exactly economic indicators. The other senses: sense 2 signal for attention, sense 3 device for showing operating condition (like a car indicator), sense 4 chemistry substance. None fit. So sense 1. The instruction says return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So we output {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: market
Target surface form: market
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving <t>market</t> opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "market" in the given context. The target lemma is "market," surface form "market." The context is about the stock exchange, trading, economic indicators, etc. The target appears in the phrase "improving <t>market</t> opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery." So "market opinion" likely refers to the general sentiment in the financial markets.

Now, let's evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: definition: "the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold" synonyms: marketplace. Example: without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace.
   This is a broad sense of market as the entire commercial world. In the context, "market opinion" could refer to the opinion within the commercial world, but more specifically, financial markets.

2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: definition: "the customers for a particular product or service" examples: before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it.
   This sense is about the demand side, customers. Not fitting here; "market opinion" isn't about customers for a product.

3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: definition: "a marketplace where groceries are sold" synonyms: grocery store. Clearly not relevant.

4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: definition: "the securities markets in the aggregate" synonyms: securities industry. examples: the market always frustrates the small investor.
   This sense specifically refers to the stock market, securities markets. The context talks about the New York Stock Exchange, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, S&P 500, trading volumes, economic recovery. "Market opinion" here is about the sentiment in the securities markets. This fits perfectly.

5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: definition: "an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up" synonyms: marketplace, mart. Not relevant; this is a physical marketplace.

So the best indexed sense is sense 4. We need to return a JSON with "sense_index": 4.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relation
Target surface form: relation
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in <t>relation</t> to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relation%1:03:00:: | definition=an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together
2. sense_key=relation%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the man's penis is inserted into the woman's vagina and excited until orgasm and ejaculation occur | synonyms=sexual intercourse, intercourse, sex act, copulation, coitus, coition
3. sense_key=relation%1:18:00:: | definition=a person related by blood or marriage | synonyms=relative | examples=police are searching for relatives of the deceased; he has distant relations back in New Jersey
4. sense_key=relation%1:10:01:: | definition=an act of narration | synonyms=telling, recounting | examples=he was the hero according to his own relation; his endless recounting of the incident eventually became unbearable
5. sense_key=relation%1:09:00:: | definition=(law) the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier time | synonyms=relation back | examples=his attorney argued for the relation back of the amended complaint to the time the initial complaint was filed
6. sense_key=relation%1:04:00:: | definition=(usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups | examples=international relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "relation" in the given context. The context is a financial news article about the stock market. The phrase is "improving market opinion in <t>relation</t> to the robustness of the economic recovery". The candidate senses are:

1. abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together (like a logical or mathematical relation)
2. sexual intercourse
3. a person related by blood or marriage (relative)
4. an act of narration (telling)
5. legal principle of relation back
6. mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups (international relations)

In the context: "in relation to" is a fixed phrase meaning "concerning" or "with regard to". It is using "relation" in the sense of a connection between things. Sense 1 is "an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together." That fits the abstract sense of connection or association between two things. But "in relation to" is idiomatic, meaning "as compared with" or "in connection with". Sense 1 is the most fitting: abstraction characteristic of two entities. It is a general abstract sense. Sense 6 is about mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups, like international relations. That is more concrete dealings between people/groups, but the context is about market opinion's connection to the robustness of the economic recovery, not between persons/groups.

Thus, sense 1 seems appropriate. The phrase "in relation to" uses "relation" as a connection between things, which is the abstraction. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recovery
Target surface form: recovery
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic <t>recovery</t>", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recovery%1:11:00:: | definition=return to an original state | examples=the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid
2. sense_key=recovery%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury | synonyms=convalescence, recuperation
3. sense_key=recovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) | synonyms=retrieval

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "recovery" and context: "the robustness of the economic recovery". The candidate senses are:

1. return to an original state (example: recovery of forest after fire)
2. gradual healing after sickness or injury (convalescence, recuperation)
3. the act of regaining or saving something lost (retrieval)

In the context, "economic recovery" refers to the economy returning to a better state after a downturn, like a recession. It's not about physical healing or retrieving a lost object. Sense 1, "return to an original state," fits well: the economy is recovering to its previous robust state. The example about the forest is similar in concept: returning to a prior state. Sense 2 is medical, which isn't economic. Sense 3 is about regaining something lost, which could loosely apply, but economic recovery is more commonly understood as a return to a normal or improved condition, not just retrieval of something lost. Sense 1 seems most appropriate.

The JSON output should be exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyst
Target surface form: analysts
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's <t>analysts</t>. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyst%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is skilled at analyzing data
2. sense_key=analyst%1:18:02:: | definition=an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
3. sense_key=analyst%1:18:01:: | definition=a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis | synonyms=psychoanalyst

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to pick the best sense for "analysts" in context. The context is financial: it discusses the New York Stock Exchange, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, S&P 500, and mentions "Charles Schwab's analysts". Charles Schwab is a financial services company. So these are financial analysts. Sense 2 specifically says: "an expert who studies financial data... and recommends appropriate business actions". Sense 1 is broader: "someone who is skilled at analyzing data" but no specific domain. Sense 1 could apply, but sense 2 is more precise given the financial context. Sense 3 is a psychoanalyst, clearly wrong. So sense 2 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the <t>United States</t>, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "United States" in the given context. The context discusses economic indicators like retail sales, consumer confidence, and stock market performance. The phrase appears in "In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November...". This clearly refers to the country as a geographic/political entity, not the government. The first sense is the North American republic. The second sense is the federal government branches. The context is about economic conditions within the country, not about the government itself. So sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: month
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second <t>month</t> in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to disambiguate "month" in the context: "In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted."

Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month). Example: "he paid the bill last month." Here, "month" is used as a specific named month (November, December).

Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days. Example: "he was given a month to pay the bill." Here, it's a period of about 30 days, not necessarily tied to a specific calendar month.

In the context, "for the second month in a row" refers to a sequence: it happened in November, and it's the second consecutive calendar month. The previous month would be October. So they are referring to specific calendar months (November and October). The phrase "second month in a row" is using month as a calendar division. Also, they mention "in November" and later "previous month" referencing December. So it's clearly about calendar months. Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Sense 2 would be more appropriate if they said something like "a month's time" or "a month to pay", but here it's in a series of calendar months.

Thus, the correct sense index is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: row
Target surface form: row
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a <t>row</t>, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=row%1:14:00:: | definition=an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line | examples=a row of chairs
2. sense_key=row%1:10:00:: | definition=an angry dispute | synonyms=quarrel, wrangle, words, run-in, dustup | examples=they had a quarrel; they had words
3. sense_key=row%1:17:00:: | definition=a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally) | examples=a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds; rows of barbed wire protected the trenches
4. sense_key=row%1:06:00:: | definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | synonyms=course | examples=a course of bricks
5. sense_key=row%1:14:01:: | definition=a linear array of numbers, letters, or symbols side by side
6. sense_key=row%1:07:00:: | definition=a continuous chronological succession without an interruption | examples=they won the championship three years in a row
7. sense_key=row%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of rowing as a sport | synonyms=rowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "row" in the given context. The context: "In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a <t>row</t>, and far more than predicted." The phrase "for the second month in a row" clearly means consecutively, i.e., a continuous chronological succession without an interruption. Among the candidate senses, sense 6 is: "a continuous chronological succession without an interruption" with example "they won the championship three years in a row". That perfectly matches the context. So the best sense is index 6.

Thus, output: {"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: confidence
Target surface form: confidence
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the <t>confidence</t> of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=confidence%1:09:00:: | definition=freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities | synonyms=assurance, self-assurance, self-confidence, authority, sureness | examples=his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular; after that failure he lost his confidence
2. sense_key=confidence%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of trust (in someone or something) | examples=I have confidence in our team; confidence is always borrowed, never owned
3. sense_key=confidence%1:26:02:: | definition=a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable | examples=public confidence in the economy
4. sense_key=confidence%1:26:03:: | definition=a trustful relationship | synonyms=trust | examples=he took me into his confidence; he betrayed their trust
5. sense_key=confidence%1:10:00:: | definition=a secret that is confided or entrusted to another | examples=everyone trusted him with their confidences; the priest could not reveal her confidences

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "confidence" in the given context. The target surface form is "confidence". The context includes: "In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index."

The word "confidence" here refers to consumer confidence, an economic indicator measuring how optimistic consumers feel about the economy. It's not about personal self-assurance or trust in a person, but about a state of hopefulness regarding economic events. The example in sense 3 is "public confidence in the economy," which closely matches. Sense 2 is about trust in someone or something, but economic confidence is more about a outlook or sentiment. The example for sense 2 is "I have confidence in our team," which is more personal trust. Sense 3 is explicitly "a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable," with example "public confidence in the economy." That fits perfectly.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense_index 3.

Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: month
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous <t>month</t>, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the context: "The confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous <t>month</t>". The target word is "month", and we have two candidate senses:

Sense 1: calendar month (one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year). Example: "he paid the bill last month"
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days. Example: "he was given a month to pay the bill"

In this context, "the previous month" refers to a specific month in the calendar sequence (December vs previous month, likely November). The comparison is between two specific named months (December and the previous one, which is November). So it's a calendar month, not just a period of 30 days. The example for Sense 1 matches the usage like "last month". Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Return {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: estimate
Target surface form: estimates
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary <t>estimates</t> from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=estimate%1:09:00:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimation, approximation, idea | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
2. sense_key=estimate%1:04:01:: | definition=a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody | synonyms=estimation | examples=many factors are involved in any estimate of human life; in my estimation the boy is innocent
3. sense_key=estimate%1:10:00:: | definition=a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation) | synonyms=appraisal, estimation
4. sense_key=estimate%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement indicating the likely cost of some job | examples=he got an estimate from the car repair shop
5. sense_key=estimate%1:09:01:: | definition=the respect with which a person is held | synonyms=estimation | examples=they had a high estimation of his ability

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "estimates" in the given context. The target lemma is "estimate", surface form "estimates". The context: "the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary <t>estimates</t> from Michigan University's index."

We have five candidate senses:

1. estimate%1:09:00:: an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; synonyms: estimation, approximation, idea; examples: an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take.
2. estimate%1:04:01:: a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody; synonyms: estimation; examples: many factors are involved in any estimate of human life; in my estimation the boy is innocent.
3. estimate%1:10:00:: a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation); synonyms: appraisal, estimation.
4. estimate%1:10:01:: a statement indicating the likely cost of some job; examples: he got an estimate from the car repair shop.
5. estimate%1:09:01:: the respect with which a person is held; synonyms: estimation; examples: they had a high estimation of his ability.

The context: "preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index" – an index measuring consumer confidence. The number 73.4 is a measurement, an approximate calculation of a quantity (the index). This matches sense 1: an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth. The index provides a preliminary number, so it's an approximation.

Sense 2 is about judgment of qualities, maybe applicable but less precise for a numerical index. The examples for sense 2 are about evaluating human life or a person's innocence, not numerical indices. Sense 3 is a document for appraisal (like for insurance/tax), not applicable. Sense 4 is a cost estimate statement, not applicable. Sense 5 is about respect/esteem, not applicable.

Thus, sense 1 is the best fit.