[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "personal" and the target surface form "personal" in the context. The context discusses "personal staff budgets", "personal staff", "personal staffing decisions", "personal staffs" (likely a typo for "personal staffs" meaning personal staff). The sense is about staff that are assigned to individual senators or representatives, i.e., their own staff, as opposed to committee staff or other resources. The phrase "personal staff" refers to staff members that work directly for an individual legislator, handling constituency services, etc. So "personal" here means "concerning or affecting a particular person", i.e., their own staff. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use. This fits: the staff are allocated to a particular senator or representative, for their personal use in their duties. It's not about their private life, but the definition says "concerning or affecting a particular person" which matches.

2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual. This is similar but slightly different. It's an adjective meaning "particular to a given individual". That could also fit, but sense 1 is more directly about "concerning a particular person". Sense 2 might be more about subjective opinions, but the example given? None provided. WordNet usually gives examples; this one likely lacks examples, but the definition "particular to a given individual" could be interpreted as "belonging to a specific person". However, sense 1 is more common for "personal staff" meaning staff assigned to an individual.

3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism. This is not about staff; it's about personality traits.

4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene. Not applicable.

5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings. Not applicable.

So the best is sense 1. Sense 2 is also possible, but in typical usage, "personal staff" meaning staff assigned to a particular person falls under sense 1. The WordNet sense 1 is the primary sense for "personal", defined as "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality". The example "for your personal use" aligns with "personal staff" being for the legislator's own use. Thus, sense 1.

Now, we need to return JSON with the sense index. Note that the instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." We return only the index. So {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staffs
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal <t>staffs</t> to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "staff" with surface form "staffs" in the given context. The context is from a text about political science, discussing personal staff budgets, personal staff, staffing decisions, etc. The target is "staffs" in the phrase "personal <t>staffs</t>" within: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices". So it's clearly about the personnel who assist legislators. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Clearly, sense 1 fits: personnel who assist their superior. The context is about personal staff of legislators, people working for senators and representatives. Sense 3 is specific to schools, but the context is not about schools. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to pick the best sense for "offices" in the context. The target surface form is "offices", which is plural. The context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices." So here, "offices" refers to physical locations in the district (district offices) versus Washington offices. They are comparing district offices with Washington offices. These are places of business where staff work. So the meaning is a physical place of business. Sense 1: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed" with examples "he rented an office in the new building". That fits perfectly: district offices are physical offices. Sense 2 is about an administrative unit of government like an agency. That could be a possible interpretation? But "district offices" likely refers to the congressperson's local offices, not an administrative unit. The context contrasts "district offices" with "Washington offices", meaning the physical locations where staff work on local benefit-seeking. So sense 1 is the best. Sense 5 is about the workers in an office (office staff), but here they're talking about allocating staff to offices, so it's the physical location, not the collective staff. Sense 3 is about function/role, not relevant. Sense 4 is about holding an office (being in power), not relevant. Sense 6 religious, no. Sense 7 a job position, no. So sense 1 is correct.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "local" with three candidate senses. The context is a political science text about US Congress members' behavior. The target word appears in the phrase "local benefit-seeking duties." The text discusses how personal staff duties involve "local benefit-seeking" and contrasts this with national policy making. The phrase appears as: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

We need to choose among:

Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area" (examples: local taxes, local authorities).
Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" (examples: local customs, local schools).
Sense 3: "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body" (example: local anesthesia). Obviously, sense 3 is medical and irrelevant here.

So it's between sense 1 and 2. Both can refer to a specific area. Sense 1 emphasizes administration or governance of a smaller area (city/town/district) vs. larger (like state/national). Sense 2 is more general: belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality.

In the context, the "local benefit-seeking duties" refer to duties that involve seeking benefits for the legislator's district (their local area). The staff are in district offices, dealing with constituent concerns. This is about the local area (congressional district) as opposed to Washington (national). The word "local" here modifies "benefit-seeking duties" – i.e., duties related to seeking benefits for the local area. Is this about the administration of a district? It's about serving the interests of the district. Sense 1's definition mentions "administration of a city or town or district." Here, the concept is "local benefit-seeking" – seeking benefits for the local constituency. That might align with a broader sense of locality. But sense 1 is specifically about administrative matters, while sense 2 is about belonging to a particular locality. The phrase "local benefit-seeking" could be paraphrased as "seeking benefits for the local area" – the local area's benefit. That seems to fit sense 2 more: "of or belonging to ... a particular locality." The examples for sense 2: "local customs; local schools" are about things characteristic of a locality. "Local benefit" is benefit that pertains to the local area. Sense 1's examples are "local taxes; local authorities" – these are governmental/administrative. The context is about staff duties in district offices, dealing with constituent concerns, which is a kind of local governance, but the phrase "local benefit-seeking" itself doesn't necessarily imply administration of a district; it's about seeking benefits for the district. I'd argue that sense 2 is broader and more fitting: the adjective describes the benefit-seeking as being of or related to a particular locality (the district). Sense 1 is narrower, referring specifically to the administration of a local area. The text doesn't mention administration, just "benefit-seeking duties." In political science, "local benefit" might refer to benefits that are geographically concentrated, as opposed to national. That aligns with "of a particular locality." Sense 1's "local authorities" are the governing bodies, but here "local" is modifying the action. So I think sense 2 is best. Sense index: 2.

But let's double-check: Could sense 1 fit? The definition says "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area." The duties in district offices are indeed concerned with the administration of the district's affairs (casework, etc.). However, the phrase is "local benefit-seeking duties," not "local administration." If the sentence were "local administrative duties," sense 1 would be perfect. The word "local" is attached to "benefit-seeking," so it's seeking benefits that are local. That aligns with "characteristic of a particular locality." I think sense 2 is more directly relevant.

Thus, I'll choose sense_index: 2.

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duty
Target surface form: duties
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking <t>duties</t> matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the context: "where local benefit-seeking duties matter more". The target is "duties", from lemma "duty". We need to choose the best sense among the three provided. The context discusses the allocation of personal staffs to district offices, where local benefit-seeking duties are more important. Here, "duties" refers to tasks or responsibilities, specifically the work they do. Sense 2: "work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons", examples: "the duties of the job". This fits perfectly: the duties are the job tasks related to local benefit-seeking. Sense 1 is about the abstract social force of responsibility, but here it's concrete tasks. Sense 3 is about tariffs, not relevant. So sense_index 2.

Now, output JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are doing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "national" in the given context. The target is in the phrase "national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices" from the context. Let's examine the context: The paragraph discusses how Democrats allocate more personal staff to district offices where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. It contrasts "local" vs "national". The word "national" here is used in the context of policy making that is not local but rather at the national level. It is about policy making for the entire nation as opposed to local (district) concerns.

We have 7 senses:
1. "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" (examples: national hero, national anthem) - This is a general relational sense.
2. "limited to or in the interests of a particular nation" (national interests, isolationism is a strictly national policy) - This suggests a focus on one's own nation, often in contrast to international.
3. "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" (the national government, national elections) - This is about the whole nation, as opposed to parts (like local). Very much like "national" vs "local" or "state". The examples: national government, national elections, involve the entire country.
4. "owned or maintained for the public by the national government" (national parks) - This is about government ownership.
5. "inside the country" (synonyms: home, interior, internal) - This is about being within the country, often in contrast to foreign. Examples: the British Home Office, the nation's internal politics. This is more about domestic vs international.
6. "characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation" (a national trait) - This is about characteristics of a people.
7. "of or relating to nationality" (national origin) - This is about nationality as a status.

In the context: "national policy making activities" are contrasted with "local benefit-seeking duties". They are talking about the difference between working on national policies (affecting the whole country) versus local concerns (affecting a specific district). So the sense that fits best is sense 3: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country". Because it is about policy making at the national level (entire nation) as opposed to local. The examples include "the national government" and "national elections", which are things that concern the whole country. Sense 1 is too broad and just a relational adjective. Sense 2 is about a particular nation's interests, not in contrast to local but to other nations. Sense 5 is "inside the country" but that is more about domestic versus foreign, not national versus local. Here, "national" is clearly the opposite of "local", so the sense of "entire nation" is perfect.

Thus, I choose sense index 3.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "policy" in the given context. The target lemma is "policy" and the surface form is "policy". The context discusses economists' findings about GOP and Democratic senators' behavior, personal staff budgets, local benefit-seeking, national policy making, roll-call votes, etc. We need to choose among three candidate senses:

1. policy%1:09:00: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group. Examples: "it was a policy of retribution", "a politician keeps changing his policies".
2. policy%1:10:00: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government. Examples: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation".
3. policy%1:10:02: written contract or certificate of insurance. Synonyms: insurance policy, insurance. Examples: "you should have read the small print on your policy".

The context uses "national policy making" and "national policy making activities". So "policy" here is about government policy, plans of action, etc. Sense 3 is clearly about insurance, so it's not relevant. Between sense 1 and sense 2: sense 1 is a general plan of action by any individual or group, while sense 2 is specifically "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". In the context, "national policy making" refers to the making of national (government) policies. The examples for sense 1 include "a politician keeps changing his policies" which is also about government policies. But sense 2 is explicitly about government and the rationalizing argument. The gloss for sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - that seems like a specific philosophical justification, not just a plan of action. The phrase "national policy making" suggests creating policies (plans of action) at the national level, which aligns more with sense 1. However, sense 1 covers any individual or social group, so it includes government policy. But sense 2 is more specific to government and the rationalization. The context: "national policy making" and "national policy making activities" - these are not about debating the policy or the argument behind it; it's about the act of making policy. In the examples: for sense 2: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation" - that's about debating whether a policy is wise or not, the rationalization. In the context, it's about roll-call votes reflecting national policy making, meaning the votes are part of the process of making national policy (plans/decisions). That seems more like sense 1.

Also, sense 1's example: "a politician keeps changing his policies" - that's very close to the usage. So I'd lean towards sense 1. But let's double-check: WordNet often has fine distinctions. Sense 1 is defined as "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". Sense 2 is "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". The word "policy" in "national policy making" is not about the argument rationalizing, but about the plan itself. So sense 1 fits better.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: making
Target surface form: making
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy <t>making</t> activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "making" in the given context. The target word is "making", surface form "making", and it appears in the phrase "national policy <t>making</t> activities". So we need to select from the three candidate senses.

Let's examine the context: "national policy making activities" – this refers to the activities involved in creating or formulating national policies. The word "making" here is part of the compound "policy making", which means the act of creating policy.

Now look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
   - This sense is about the act of making something. It fits "policy making" because it's the act of making policy. The examples include "devising of plans" which is similar to policy making.

2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
   - This is about qualifications, like the "makings" of something. It doesn't fit the context at all.

3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake
   - This is about ingredients or components, often used in plural "makings". Doesn't fit here.

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. The context is about "national policy making activities", meaning the activities of making national policy. Sense 1 directly covers the act that results in something coming to be, with synonyms like devising, fashioning. The examples include "devising of plans", which aligns perfectly.

So the answer is sense index 1.

The output format should be a JSON object with "sense_index": 1.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: activity
Target surface form: activities
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=activity%1:04:00:: | definition=any specific behavior | examples=they avoided all recreational activity
2. sense_key=activity%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=action, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=activity%1:22:00:: | definition=an organic process that takes place in the body | synonyms=bodily process, body process, bodily function | examples=respiratory activity
4. sense_key=activity%1:26:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction | examples=catalytic activity
5. sense_key=activity%1:22:01:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, action | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
6. sense_key=activity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically | synonyms=activeness | examples=the level of activity declines with age

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "activities" in the given context. The context discusses local benefit-seeking and national policy making activities. Specifically: "where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices." Here, "activities" refers to things done, actions, behaviors. The sense needed is "any specific behavior" (sense 1: activity%1:04:00::). The other senses: state of being active (sense 2) doesn't fit; organic process (3) no; chemistry (4) no; natural process (5) no; trait of being active (6) no. So sense 1 is correct.

Return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relative
Target surface form: relative
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger
2. sense_key=relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00 | definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "relative" in the given context. The target surface form is "relative" and the lemma is "relative". We have two candidate senses with definitions and examples.

Looking at the context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices."

The relevant phrase is "matter less relative to Washington offices." This means that local benefit-seeking duties are less important compared to Washington offices? Actually, parsing: "where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices." So in district offices, local duties matter more (than in Washington offices?) and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. That is, compared to Washington offices, national policy making matters less in district offices. So "relative to" is being used as a phrase meaning "in comparison with" or "compared to".

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense 1: "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete" with synonym "comparative" and example "a relative stranger". This is an adjective meaning something is considered in relation to something else, not absolute. Note that sense 1's part of speech is adjective (sense_key has %3:00:00:: which indicates adjective). But in the context, "relative" is used as part of the phrase "relative to", which is a prepositional phrase indicating comparison. Could sense 1 be used in "relative to"? For example, "relative to" often means "in comparison with". The definition says "estimated by comparison". But the example "a relative stranger" is a different usage: it means "comparative" as in "somewhat, not absolute". However, "relative to" is commonly used to mean "compared to". Is that sense 1? WordNet often has a separate sense for "relative" in "relative to". But here, sense 2 has definition: "properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by 'to'" with examples including "earnings relative to production". That seems exactly like "relative to" meaning in proportion or in comparison. So sense 2 specifically mentions "usually followed by 'to'", and the example "earnings relative to production" matches the structure "matter less relative to Washington offices". So sense 2 is a perfect fit.

Sense 1 is more like "a relative newcomer" meaning "comparatively new", not followed by "to" but rather modifying a noun directly. In the context, "relative" is followed by "to", so it's clearly the usage in sense 2.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 2.

Respond with JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "office" and surface form "offices" in context. We need to choose among the candidate senses 1-7. The context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices." The phrase "district offices" and "Washington offices" clearly refer to physical places where staff work, specifically in the context of a legislator's local district offices versus their Washington, D.C. offices. These are places of business where professional duties are performed. Sense 1: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed" (synonyms: business office, example: he rented an office in the new building). Sense 2: "an administrative unit of government" (agency, bureau, etc.) might be tempting, but "offices" here are not the agency itself but the physical locations where staff work on local benefit-seeking. Sense 5: "professional or clerical workers in an office" (office staff) doesn't fit because they are allocating staff to offices, not referring to the staff as offices. Sense 3, 4, 6, 7 are about roles, functions, power, etc., which don't fit the physical location meaning. The context explicitly contrasts district offices with Washington offices, indicating physical locations. Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: examination
Target surface form: examination
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=examination%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) | synonyms=scrutiny
2. sense_key=examination%1:10:00:: | definition=a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge | synonyms=exam, test | examples=when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions
3. sense_key=examination%1:10:01:: | definition=formal systematic questioning | synonyms=interrogation, interrogatory
4. sense_key=examination%1:09:03:: | definition=a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits) | synonyms=examen
5. sense_key=examination%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned | synonyms=testing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "examination" in the given context. The target is "examination" and the surface form is "examination". The context is a paragraph where the target appears in the phrase: "An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ... reveals that ...". So we need to choose the best sense among the candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=examination%1:04:00:: - definition: the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes), synonyms: scrutiny.
2. sense_key=examination%1:10:00:: - a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge, synonyms: exam, test, examples: when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions.
3. sense_key=examination%1:10:01:: - formal systematic questioning, synonyms: interrogation, interrogatory.
4. sense_key=examination%1:09:03:: - a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits), synonyms: examen.
5. sense_key=examination%1:04:02:: - the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned, synonyms: testing.

In the context, "examination" refers to analyzing or scrutinizing changes in personal staffing decisions. It is a study or analysis, not a test or questioning of a person. The phrase "an examination of changes" indicates a close inspection or scrutiny. Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)" with synonym "scrutiny". The context is academic research, they are examining data. Other senses relate to tests (2,5), formal questioning (3), or religious self-inspection (4). None of those match. So the best sense index is 1.

Thus, the JSON output should be {"sense_index": 1

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of <t>changes</t> in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "change" with surface form "changes" in the given context. We have 10 candidate senses with their definitions, synonyms, and examples. We need to choose the single best indexed sense (from 1 to 10) based on the context.

Context excerpt: "An examination of <t>changes</t> in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

The target word "changes" is part of the phrase "changes in personal staffing decisions". So, we are looking at alterations or modifications in staffing decisions over time.

Let's review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5-10 are about money, clothes, variety, etc., which are clearly not relevant.

The relevant ones are 1, 2, 3, 4. Sense 2 is "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event" – this is more abstract and about the difference itself, like a difference in state. Sense 1 is an event of change, with synonyms alteration, modification. Sense 3 is the action of changing something. Sense 4 is the result of alteration.

In the context, "changes in personal staffing decisions" likely refers to the alterations themselves, the modifications made in staffing decisions. The phrase "examination of changes in personal staffing decisions" suggests that the changes are the alterations that occurred. It's about what was different between 1986 and 1987. So sense 1 (an event of change, alteration) or sense 4 (the result of alteration) might fit. Sense 1 emphasizes the event, sense 4 emphasizes the result. However, the phrase "changes in personal staffing decisions" is commonly used to refer to modifications or alterations made. The example for sense 1: "the change was intended to increase sales" - that's about a purposeful alteration. Sense 4 example: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs" - that's about observed differences.

The context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions ... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted ..." So the changes are the things that happened. It seems like sense 1 (event) or sense 3 (action). Sense 3 is "the action of changing something" – but the noun "changes" here refers to the instances of change, not the act itself. "Changes" plural suggests multiple alterations. Sense 1 seems most general: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" and synonyms are alteration, modification. That fits well. Sense 4 is also plausible: "the result of alteration or modification". But the examination is of the changes themselves (the alterations), not just the results. The phrase might be ambiguous, but typically in social science contexts, "changes in staffing decisions" refers to the alterations made.

Let's see the difference between sense 1 and sense 4. Sense 1 is the event, the happening of transition. Sense 4 is the result, the new state. In the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions ... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted ..." The "differences noted" could be the results. But they are examining changes. I think sense 1 is best. Also, sense 2 is "a relational difference between states" – that is very abstract and not typically used for concrete alterations like staffing.

I'll go with sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in <t>personal</t> staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "personal" in the given context. The target word is "personal" and appears in the phrase "personal staffing decisions". The context is about political science, discussing how Democrats and Republicans allocate their personal staffs, personal staffing decisions, etc. The word "personal" here modifies "staff" or "staffing decisions". In this context, "personal staff" refers to staff members who work directly for a legislator, as opposed to committee staff or other resources. The sense likely relates to something being individual or private to a person, or belonging to a particular person.

Let's review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

In context, "personal staff" is a term used in politics to refer to the staff members who serve an individual legislator, as opposed to committee staff. These are staff members who are personally employed by and work for that particular legislator. So "personal" modifies "staff" to mean staff that is directly and individually assigned to a specific person. This aligns with sense 1 or sense 2. Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality", example "a personal favor". Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". Both could work. But note that sense 1 is about private life, while sense 2 is about being individual-specific. "Personal staff" is a standard term, and it means staff that is not shared but belongs to a specific legislator. It's about individual assignment, not necessarily private life. Sense 2 says "particular to a given individual", which fits better: the staff is particular to that individual legislator. Sense 1 includes the notion of "private life", which isn't relevant here (it's about professional staff). So sense 2 seems more precise.

Sense 3: of or arising from personality, like personal magnetism, not relevant. Sense 4: physical being, not relevant. Sense 5: grammatical person, not relevant.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense 2.

Now output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decisions
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing <t>decisions</t> in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "decisions" in context. The target lemma is "decision", surface form "decisions". We need to choose from 5 candidate senses.

Let's examine the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing <t>decisions</t> in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."

The word "decisions" here refers to choices made about staffing. It's about the act or result of making up one's mind regarding personal staffing. Let's check each sense:

1. The act of making up your mind about something. Synonyms: determination, conclusion. Example: "the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly." This focuses on the process or act. In context, "changes in personal staffing decisions" could be interpreted as changes in the act of deciding, but it's more likely referring to the outcomes or choices made (i.e., which staffing decisions were made). However, it's plural, so might refer to multiple instances of decision-making acts or the decisions themselves.

2. A position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration. Synonyms: determination, conclusion. Example: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account." This sense refers to the result, the judgment itself. "Staffing decisions" are the judgments or choices about staffing. This is a very common usage: "hiring decisions," "policy decisions." So "staffing decisions" likely means the specific staffing choices made.

3. (boxing) a victory won on points. Not relevant.

4. The outcome of a game or contest. Not relevant.

5. The trait of resoluteness (decisiveness). Not relevant; "decisions" plural refers to instances, not a trait.

The context is about differences in how Democrats and Republicans allocate personal staff. They are looking at actual staffing choices (how many staff in district offices vs. Washington). "Changes in personal staffing decisions" means changes in the specific choices made about staffing. This aligns with sense 2: the judgment reached. Sense 1 is the act of making up one's mind; sense 2 is the result. In this context, it's the content of the decisions (the allocation) that changed, not the process of deciding. The phrase "changes in personal staffing decisions" likely means changes in the decisions themselves (e.g., from one pattern to another). So sense 2 is the best fit.

Thus, I choose sense index 2.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: control
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when <t>control</t> of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine | examples=under control
2. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another | examples=measures for the control of disease; they instituted controls over drinking on campus
3. sense_key=control%1:04:02:: | definition=(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc | examples=the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired; he had lost control of his sphincters
4. sense_key=control%1:09:02:: | definition=a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment | synonyms=control condition | examples=the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw
5. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something | examples=the control of the mob by the police was admirable
6. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency | examples=her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her
7. sense_key=control%1:07:01:: | definition=discipline in personal and social activities | synonyms=restraint | examples=he was a model of polite restraint; she never lost control of herself
8. sense_key=control%1:09:01:: | definition=great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity | synonyms=command, mastery | examples=a good command of French
9. sense_key=control%1:06:00:: | definition=a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine | synonyms=controller | examples=the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly; I turned the controls over to her
10. sense_key=control%1:18:00:: | definition=a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance
11. sense_key=control%1:10:00:: | definition=the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc. | examples=they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "control" in the given context. The target appears in: "when control of that body changed party hands". "That body" refers to the Senate. So the phrase is about control of the Senate changing from one party to another. This is about political power, who has the majority or the power to direct the Senate's actions. We need to pick the best sense from the list.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine | examples=under control. This sense is about having the authority to decide or direct. In political contexts, "control of the Senate" means the power to determine what happens in the Senate, set the agenda, etc.

2. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another | examples=measures for the control of disease; they instituted controls over drinking on campus. This sense emphasizes one entity limiting another. It’s more about regulation, not political dominance.

3. biological/physiological regulation (not relevant)

4. scientific control condition (not relevant)

5. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something | examples=the control of the mob by the police was admirable. This is about the act of controlling, managing something. Could be relevant if we see "control" as the act of managing the Senate, but the phrase "control of that body" is more about power/authority.

6. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency | examples=her apparent dominance of her husband... This sense is explicitly about a state of having power over another. "Control of that body changed party hands" refers to which party has power over the Senate. This fits well: state of dominance/control by one party over the Senate.

7. personal discipline (not relevant)

8. skill/knowledge (not relevant)

9. mechanism (not relevant)

10. spiritual agency (not relevant)

11. economic controls (not relevant)

Sense 6 is explicitly about a state of having power over another group. Sense 1 is "power to direct or determine". Both are close, but sense 6 says "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another" with synonyms dominance, ascendance. In the context, "control changed party hands" directly indicates which party has the power, the state of being in control. It's a state that changes hands. Sense 1 is more about the abstract power itself. But often in political contexts, "control" means "dominance, ascendancy". For example, "Republicans took control of the Senate" means they got the state of being in power. Sense 6 is more precise because it explicitly describes a state of power over another group, which matches the transfer of that state. Sense 5 is about the activity of managing, not the state. Sense 1 is more general, but sense 6's synonyms (dominance, ascendancy) align perfectly with political party control. Therefore, sense 6 is the best.

Let's double-check the phrase: "when control of that body changed party hands". "Control" here is something that can change hands; it's the condition of having dominance. So sense 6 fits perfectly.

Thus, chosen sense index: 6.

We need to output JSON like {"sense_index": 6}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: body
Target surface form: body
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=body%1:08:00:: | definition=the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being) | synonyms=organic structure, physical structure | examples=he felt as if his whole body were on fire
2. sense_key=body%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity | examples=the whole body filed out of the auditorium; the student body
3. sense_key=body%1:08:02:: | definition=a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person | synonyms=dead body | examples=they found the body in the lake
4. sense_key=body%1:17:00:: | definition=an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects | examples=heavenly body
5. sense_key=body%1:08:01:: | definition=the body excluding the head and neck and limbs | synonyms=torso, trunk | examples=they moved their arms and legs and bodies
6. sense_key=body%1:14:02:: | definition=a collection of particulars considered as a system | examples=a body of law; a body of doctrine
7. sense_key=body%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of holding together and retaining its shape | synonyms=consistency, consistence, eubstance | examples=wool has more body than rayon; when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake
8. sense_key=body%1:10:00:: | definition=the central message of a communication | examples=the body of the message was short
9. sense_key=body%1:07:01:: | definition=the main mass of a thing
10. sense_key=body%1:06:01:: | definition=a resonating chamber in a musical instrument (as the body of a violin) | synonyms=soundbox
11. sense_key=body%1:06:00:: | definition=the external structure of a vehicle | examples=the body of the car was badly rusted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "body" and the surface form "body". The context is a paragraph discussing political science, specifically about congressional staffing and attendance rates. The sentence containing the target word is: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that..." Here, "that body" refers to the Senate. The Senate is a legislative body, a group of persons. So we need to select the sense that matches a group of persons, an organization. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. physical structure of an organism - not applicable.
2. a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity - fits perfectly: the Senate is a body of legislators.
3. dead body - no.
4. individual 3-dimensional object - no.
5. torso - no.
6. collection of particulars considered as a system (e.g., body of law) - could be possible, but the Senate is more a group of people than an abstract collection of rules. The context says "control of that body" meaning control of the Senate as an institution, but the institution is composed of persons. Sense 2 is exactly "a group of persons... regarded as an entity". Sense 6 is about abstract collections like a body of law. Sense 2 is more appropriate for a legislative chamber.
7. property of holding together - no.
8. central message - no.
9. main mass - no.
10. resonating chamber - no.
11. external structure of vehicle - no.

Thus, sense 2 is the best choice.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}