[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "cell" in the context: "non-small cell lung cancer". This is a medical context. "non-small cell lung cancer" is a type of cancer, so "cell" refers to a biological cell, specifically the cells of the lung. Sense 2 is: "cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals". This fits perfectly. The other senses are not relevant: honeycomb compartment, electric cell, political cell, mobile phone, monk's room, prison cell. Thus, the best sense index is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as <t>effective</t> as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the word "effective" in the given context. The target is "effective" in the sentence: "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as <t>effective</t> as the comparators." The context discusses a study comparing Alimta to other anticancer medicines (comparators like docetaxel) in terms of survival time. The measure of effectiveness was survival time. The sentence says Alimta was as effective as the comparators, meaning it produced similar results in terms of survival. So we need the sense of "effective" meaning producing a desired result, capable of producing an effect. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect. Examples: "effective teaching methods". This fits the medical context: Alimta is effective (produces the intended result of treating cancer, increasing survival). Synonyms: effectual, efficacious.

2. sense 2: able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; synonyms: efficient. Examples: "effective personnel". This seems more about persons or entities functioning well, not typically for medicines.

3. sense 3: works well as a means or remedy. Examples: "an effective reprimand", "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat". This specifically refers to remedies, so might be a good fit for a medicine. However, note that sense 1 is broader and includes efficacy. Sense 3 is described as "works well as a means or remedy" - that is quite close, but sense 1 also covers that with "effectual, efficacious". Which one is more precise? The context says "Alimta was as effective as the comparators" meaning it worked as well in treating the cancer. So it's about producing the intended result. Both sense 1 and sense 3 could apply. But we need to check the definitions and examples to see which indexed sense is most appropriate. Sense 3 examples include "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat" which is very similar to a medicine being effective. Sense 1 examples are more general: "effective teaching methods", "an air-cooled motor was more effective...". So sense 3 is more specifically about remedies/means. In medical contexts, we often talk about a treatment being effective as a remedy. However, WordNet often has multiple senses that overlap. Let's see the distinction: sense 1 is the primary sense, broad. Sense 3 is a narrower sense: "works well as a means or remedy". The context uses "effective" for a drug. The sentence structure "was as effective as" implies a comparison of efficacy. Both could work, but I need to pick the single best. The instruction says: WordNet glosses are schematic; use context, synonyms, and examples. The examples for sense 3 explicitly mention a lotion that is effective, which is a medicinal product. Sense 1 examples do not specifically mention medicine. Therefore, sense 3 might be more targeted. Let's also examine other senses: sense 4: exerting force or influence (law, warranty) - no. sense 5: existing in fact, not theoretical (effective demand, effective work) - no. sense 6: ready for service (soldiers) - no. So it's between 1 and 3. Sense 2 is about people/organizations functioning effectively. That doesn't fit a drug.

Which indexed sense is better? I think sense 3 is more specific to something like a remedy. Let's compare: sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect" - that fits a drug producing the intended result (increase survival). Sense 3: "works well as a means or remedy" - also fits. Since the context is a medical treatment, sense 3's example "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat" is directly analogous. So I'd lean toward sense 3. Also, note that in WordNet, sense 3 might be a subsense of sense 1 with a specific domain usage. In fine-grained WSD, we often distinguish between general efficacy and specific remedy efficacy. Given the example for sense 3 is medicinal, I'd pick that.

Thus, I choose sense index 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In <t>patients</t> who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "patient", surface form "patients", and context about cancer treatment studies. We have two candidate senses.

Sense 1: a person who requires medical care. Example: the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly.

Sense 2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause. Synonyms: affected role, patient role.

The context is clearly about medical patients: "patients survived", "patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma", "patients receiving Alimta", etc. This is obviously the medical sense. Sense 2 is a linguistic term, which does not fit here. So the best sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target lemma 'past' with target surface form 'past' in the given context." The context is about a medical study. The sentence: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel." So "in the past" here refers to a time period before the current study, i.e., previously. It is not about a secret past, nor about a verb tense. So sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" fits perfectly. The example "forget the past" also matches the general idea of previous time. Sense 2 is about a secret earlier period in someone's life, not applicable here. Sense 3 is a grammatical term, not relevant.

Thus, answer is sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "average" and target surface form "average" used in the context of "average survival time". The context mentions "average of 12.1 months", "average survival time was 8.3 months", "average survival time was 10.3 months". Here, "average" is clearly used in a statistical sense, indicating a computed central value, likely the mean. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age

2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street

3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata

4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity

5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30

6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

The context is "average survival time" which is a measure of central tendency, typically the arithmetic mean. Sense 1 is "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" with synonym "mean". Sense 5 is about the mode, sense 6 about the median. The context does not specify mode or median; "average" in common usage in such studies refers to the mean. Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.

Thus, the answer is: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "survival" in a specific context. The context is about medical studies where "survival time" is mentioned multiple times. The target is the word "survival" in the phrase "the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta...". In fact, the target is marked with <t> tags: "the average <t>survival</t> time". So it's a noun modifying "time".

Three candidate senses:
1. a state of surviving; remaining alive (synonym: endurance)
2. a natural process resulting in evolution (survival of the fittest, etc.)
3. something that survives

In context, "survival time" means the duration of time that patients remain alive. That matches sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive. It is about living on. Sense 2 is about evolution, not relevant. Sense 3: "something that survives" would be a thing that survives, like an artifact or remnant. Not appropriate here.

Thus, the best sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence with the target word "time" in the context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel." The target is the fourth occurrence of "time" in the context but the specific highlight is on "<t>time</t>" in the sentence: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel." So we need to disambiguate "time" in "survival time".

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
   - This is about an occurrence or instance. "Survival time" is not an instance; it's a duration.

2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
   - This is about time as a resource you can use. Not about a measured duration of survival.

3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
   - This is a general indefinite period. "Survival time" is not indefinite; it's a specific measured duration (8.3 months).

4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
   - This is about an appropriate moment. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
   - This is the overarching concept of time as a dimension. Too broad.

6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
   - This is about an experience, like "have a good time". Not relevant.

7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
   - This is about a specific point in time, like asking the time. Not about a duration.

8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
   - This is the physics concept of time as a dimension. Not relevant.

9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
   - This is musical time. Not relevant.

10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years
    - This is about a prison term. Not relevant.

We are looking for a sense that fits "survival time" meaning the duration someone survives. The context is medical, talking about how long patients live after treatment. The phrase "survival time" is a specific measure of duration, often used in medical studies. None of the provided senses exactly matches "a measurable period during which something continues" but the closest is sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". However, "survival time" is not indefinite; it's a specific measured length. But WordNet might not have a precise sense for that. Another possibility: sense 1 is about an instance, which doesn't fit. Sense 2 is about time as a resource. Sense 5 is the abstract continuum.

Maybe there is an implied sense of "time" as a duration. The WordNet entry for "time" as a noun has many senses. In the candidate list, we see these. Perhaps the intended sense is "a period of time" but more specifically, a measurable period. I recall WordNet has a sense: "time%1:28:00::" is described as "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". That might be the best fit, because "survival time" is a period marked by the attribute of survival. The examples include "he waited a long time" – that is a duration. So sense 3 seems appropriate.

Let's double-check the definition of sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". "Survival time" is a period with the attribute of survival. It is not an exact clock time, nor an instance, nor a resource. So I'd go with sense 3.

But is there any sense that directly says "a period of time" or "duration"? No other sense fits better. So I'll choose 3.

The instruction says: return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. So I'll output that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 <t>months</t> with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "months" in the context. The target lemma is "month" and the surface form is "months." We have two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

The context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. ... Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. ... In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. ... In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

The target is "months" in the context: "the average survival time was 8.3 <t>months</t> with Alimta". We need to determine whether "months" here refers to "calendar months" (divisions of the calendar year) or "a time unit of approximately 30 days."

In medical contexts, survival time is often measured in months as a time unit, not necessarily aligning with specific calendar months. Here, they are talking about averages: 12.1 months, 9.3 months, etc. These are measurements of time duration, not references to specific named months like January, February. The sense "a time unit of approximately 30 days" fits the context where a month is used as a unit of time duration.

Looking at the examples: sense 1 example: "he paid the bill last month" refers to a specific calendar month. Sense 2 example: "he was given a month to pay the bill" refers to a duration of about 30 days. In our context, "8.3 months" is a duration of survival, so sense 2 is more appropriate.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, <t>compared</t> with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "compared" in the given context. The target lemma is "compare", surface form "compared". The context is a medical text comparing survival times between different treatments. The specific sentence is: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel." Here, "compared with" is used to contrast two survival times, showing the difference. It is not examining similarities or differences in a detailed way, but rather stating a comparison in terms of being comparable or noting a difference. The phrase "compared with" often means "in contrast to" or "as compared to". Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie. This sense involves active examination. In the context, it's not about actively examining; it's a statistical reporting of numbers.

2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes. This sense is often used intransitively (e.g., "does not compare with") meaning to be comparable or of similar quality. But in the context, "compared with" is used as a participial phrase, "X compared with Y", which often means "when compared to". This might be a different sense.

3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed. This sense is about likening or equating things. In the context, it's not saying they are similar; it's just presenting a contrast of numbers.

4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb. This is about grammar, not relevant here.

In the phrase "X compared with Y", "compared" is often a past participle used in a construction that means "when compared to" or "in comparison with". It is a fixed phrase. WordNet might have a specific sense for this. Actually, looking at the options, sense 2 is "be comparable". But that is typically used in sentences like "This doesn't compare with that." In the context, it's a participial phrase. Consider the example: "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes" means this car is not comparable (i.e., not as good). In the medical text, it's just stating the numbers side by side, not saying one is comparable or not. It's a neutral comparison.

Sense 1 is about examining similarities or differences. The context is a report of results, not an examination. So the best fit might be a sense that is used in the phrase "compared with/to" to indicate a side-by-side consideration. Some dictionaries define "compare" in the phrase "compared with/to" as meaning "to examine (two or more things) in order to note similarities and differences", but often when just presenting numbers, it's more of a statement of how they differ. In WordNet, there might not be a separate sense for the participial phrase. But we can look at the examples.

The phrase "compared with" here is similar to "12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months". It's a standard construction in scientific writing. Often, "compare" in this context means "to consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous" only when used with "to" for likening? Actually, "compare to" is often for similarities, "compare with" for differences, but that's a traditional distinction not always observed. In WordNet, sense 3 has "compare" meaning "liken, equate", and examples include "We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans". That is using "compare" to mean "liken". In our context, it's not likening; it's just contrasting. So sense 3 doesn't fit well.

Sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of" - that could include both. The example: "John compared his haircut to his friend's" - that is an active comparison. But in the medical text, the comparison is being presented, not actively examined. The phrase "compared with" is often a dangling participle (e.g., "the survival time was 8.3 months, compared with 7.9 months"). This is a conventional usage that means "as compared to". It might be considered a sense of "compare" that is "to be considered in relation to something else". Some dictionaries have a sense: "to be worthy of comparison; be comparable" but that's usually intransitive.

Sense 2: "be comparable" - example: "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes." That is a statement of quality, not just a factual comparison. In the medical text, it's not saying whether it's comparable; it's just giving numbers. So sense 2 might not fit.

Thus, the most likely sense might be sense 1, because it's the general sense of comparing things. But the context is a specific fixed phrase. WordNet might have a sense for "compare" as "to examine similarities and differences". In the sentence, the "compared with" phrase is essentially a reduced relative clause: "which is compared with". That could be taken as a passive of sense 1. Even though the action isn't actively performed by someone, it's still a comparison.

Let's check if there is any other sense. Perhaps in WordNet, "compare%2:31:00" covers this. Sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of" is the most general. Sense 3 is about likening. Sense 2 is "be comparable", often used in negative contexts.

The phrase "compared with" in this exact construction is often used to introduce a contrasting statistic. It could be seen as a comparison of differences. I think sense 1 is the best fit because you're noting the differences (12.1 vs 9.3). The action is not "examine" in the sense of a person looking, but the text is presenting the result of an examination. It's a report. So it's a comparison.

I will go with sense 1.

But let's see the examples: sense 1 has "John compared his haircut to his friend's" and "We compared notes". That is more active. The medical context is more passive: "X was compared with Y". That's still within the same sense.

I'll select sense 1.

So, output: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 <t>months</t> with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "months" in the given context. The target lemma is "month", surface form "months". The context is about survival times in months for patients in clinical studies. The two candidate senses are:

1. "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" (synonyms: calendar month, example: "he paid the bill last month")
2. "a time unit of approximately 30 days" (example: "he was given a month to pay the bill")

In the context, survival time is expressed as "12.1 months", "9.3 months", "8.3 months", etc. These are measurements of time duration, not referring to specific calendar months. They are using "months" as a time unit of approximately 30 days. Sense 2 is more appropriate because it's a time unit, not a specific division of the calendar year. The examples for sense 2 also match: "he was given a month to pay the bill" meaning a period of about 30 days. The context is about averaging survival times in months, which is a time unit.

Therefore, the best sense is index 2.

Answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "patient" in the given context. The target is "patients" in a medical context. The sentence is: "In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups." The whole context is about clinical studies of Alimta in patients with cancer. Clearly, "patients" refers to people receiving medical care. Sense 1 is "a person who requires medical care" which fits perfectly. Sense 2 is a linguistic/semantic role, completely irrelevant here. So, the best sense is sense 1. In the JSON output, we need to return the sense_index as an integer. Sense indices start at 1. So {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "past" and its context. The target is in the phrase "in the past" in the sentence: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>,". This is clearly referring to a time before the present, the time that has elapsed. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. past%1:28:00:: - "the time that has elapsed" with synonyms "past times, yesteryear" and example "forget the past". This fits perfectly: "in the past" means in the time that has elapsed before now.

2. past%1:28:01:: - "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)" with example "reporters dug into the candidate's past". This is more specific, about a personal past, often secret. The context is about medical history of receiving chemotherapy, not a secret personal life.

3. past%1:10:00:: - "a verb tense" - clearly not relevant.

Thus the best sense is 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "average" in the given context. The context is from a medical study discussing survival times. The target surface form is "average" in the phrase "the average survival time was 10.3 months". We need to disambiguate between the listed senses.

Let's examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
This sense refers to the statistical mean, like the arithmetic average. The context mentions "average survival time", which is clearly a statistical mean of survival times. The example "the average income..." is similar.

2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
This sense is about ordinariness, not statistical. Doesn't fit the medical context.

3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
This sense is about quality being mediocre. Not statistical.

4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
This sense is about size or evaluation being in the middle range, not necessarily a precise statistical average. However, "average size" might mean typical or medium. But here we have a precise number of months, which seems more statistical.

5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
This is the mode (most frequent), not the mean. The context does not indicate they used the mode. They simply say "average survival time", which typically means mean.

6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000
This is the median. Again, "average" without qualification usually means arithmetic mean, sometimes median, but in medical studies, survival times are often reported as median survival, not mean. Wait: In the context, they say "average survival time was 10.3 months". In survival analysis, it's common to report median survival time, but they say "average". I need to check if they explicitly said mean or median. In the first part: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months..." In clinical trials, median survival is typically reported, not mean, because survival time data is often skewed. But they use the word "average". However, it might still be median. But the sense 6 specifically says "median". But the word "average" in general English can be ambiguous. The question is which sense best fits the given context. The context doesn't specify that it's the median; it just says "average". In many contexts, "average" is understood as arithmetic mean (sense 1). Sense 6 is specifically the median. Without evidence, we should assume the common statistical meaning, which is typically the arithmetic mean when not specified. However, WordNet sense 1 is "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" with synonym "mean". That fits well. Sense 5 is modal, which is clearly not intended. Sense 4 is "around the middle of a scale of evaluation", like medium, which could be used in "average size", but "average survival time" with a precise number suggests a computed mean, not a qualitative middle. Sense 6 is the median, which could be possible, but the example uses median explicitly. The definition says "relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values" and synonyms "median". In contrast, sense 1 says "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" with synonym "mean". The example "average income" is like mean income. I think sense 1 is the most likely.

But let's double-check: In the study, they might report median survival, but the text says "average". There's no indication that they computed the median. The typical layperson's understanding of "average" is the mean. So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, the index is 1.

I'll output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "survival" in the given context. The target surface form is "survival" and it appears in the phrase "the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups." and later "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times". The word is used in a medical context referring to how long patients live after treatment. The candidate senses are:

1. survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

We need to choose the single best indexed sense. Sense 2 is clearly about evolution and natural selection, not about duration of life in a medical context. Sense 3 is "something that survives", which could refer to a thing that remains, but here "survival time" is a measure of how long patients survive. Sense 1 is "a state of surviving; remaining alive". In the context, "survival time" means the duration of time that patients remain alive. That fits perfectly with sense 1: the state of surviving. Sense 3 is more like an object or entity that survives, e.g., "that tradition is a survival from ancient times." Here, it's not an object but a state. So the best match is sense 1.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "time" in the context provided. We need to select the best indexed sense from the given list. The context is about survival time in patients with cancer. The target word appears in the phrase "average survival time". Let's review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Now, examine the context: "survival time" refers to a duration of survival. It is not an instance (sense 1), a resource (2), a suitable moment (4), a continuum (5), a person's experience (6), clock time (7), physical dimension (8), rhythm (9), or prison term (10). It is likely a period of time. Between sense 2 and sense 3: sense 2 is about a period considered as a resource under your control, which doesn't fit well because survival time is not something under control. Sense 3 is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" – survival time is an indefinite period marked by the attribute of survival. So sense 3 seems appropriate. Also, in the examples, "he waited a long time" and "the time of year for planting" match the notion of a duration. "survival time" is a specific attribute: it is the duration of survival. So sense 3 fits best.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 <t>months</t> in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the single best indexed sense for the target word "months" in the given context. The target lemma is "month", surface form "months". The context is about survival times in months for patients receiving different treatments. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

The context says: "average survival time was 10.3 <t>months</t> in both groups." Here, "months" is used as a unit of time measurement for survival duration. It's not referring to a specific calendar month (like January, February, etc.). It's a general time unit. Sense 2 defines it as "a time unit of approximately 30 days", which fits exactly with measuring survival time. Sense 1 is about divisions of the calendar year, which doesn't make sense here because it's not about a specific month on the calendar, but a duration.

Therefore, sense 2 is the correct sense.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: groups
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "group" with surface form "groups" in context. The context is: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>." So, here "groups" refers to groups of patients in a clinical trial, specifically the Alimta group and the comparator group. So it's a grouping of people as a unit.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Sense 1 is about any number of entities considered as a unit. That fits people in a treatment group. Sense 2 is chemical, sense 3 is mathematical group, neither fits here. So sense 1 is correct.

The response should be a JSON object with a key "sense_index" and the value as the index number of the chosen sense. So: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: However
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. <t>However</t>, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "however" with surface form "However" in a specific context. The context is:

"Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. <t>However</t>, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

We need to disambiguate the sense of "However" at the tagged position. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours

3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns

4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Now, analyze the context. The text discusses two groups: patients with cancer not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times with Alimta, while those with cancer affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times with Alimta. The word "However" introduces a contrast between the previous statements (which might have been about overall effectiveness) and this specific finding. The previous sentences talk about overall survival times in different groups, and then "However" introduces a nuanced, contrasting observation about squamous cell status.

Look at the structure: The passage first says that Alimta was as effective as comparators in non-small cell lung cancer, and gives some numbers. Then it says: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The "However" seems to be marking a contrast or an exception to the general trend. It is introducing a fact that contrasts with what might be expected from the earlier overall results.

Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" – This often implies that even though there is a contrary fact, the statement still holds. It has synonyms like "nevertheless". In the context, it's not necessarily saying "despite this, ..." but rather "on the other hand, ...". Sense 2 is explicitly "by contrast; on the other hand". Sense 2 seems more fitting because the word "However" is used to introduce a contrasting point, not necessarily a concession that overrides the previous. Actually, it could be seen as a concession: "Although the overall results were similar, there was a difference based on squamous cell status." But the phrase "In contrast" is also used later. Check the exact wording: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times... In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..." Here "However" and "In contrast" are both used to show contrast. The "However" might be introducing the first contrastive point, and then "In contrast" is used for a more specific contrast. But "However" here is acting as a discourse marker to shift the focus to a different aspect.

Sense 2's definition: "by contrast; on the other hand". The example: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours." That is exactly the kind of contrast we see here: The previous part talked about overall survival times without considering squamous cell status; then "however" introduces a contrast by stating that there's a difference based on squamous cell status.

Sense 1 is more about "despite something, nevertheless". The examples: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" – here it's like "nevertheless". In our context, is it "despite the overall similarity, there was this difference"? Could be. But the sentence doesn't have an explicit although-clause; it just uses "However" to start a new sentence that contrasts with the previous. The previous sentences said Alimta was as effective, and gave numbers. Then "However" says that in both studies, squamous cell status mattered. That is a contrast, but not necessarily a concession to something that would prevent the conclusion. More like "on the other hand".

Also, note that the text later says "In contrast" for a direct opposite. The use of "However" might be to introduce an unexpected or contrasting finding. Typically, in academic writing, "however" is often used to introduce a contrasting point, which aligns with sense 2.

Sense 3: "to whatever degree or extent" – examples: "The results, however general, are important" meaning no matter how general. That doesn't fit because here "However" is an adverb modifying a whole clause, not an adverb modifying an adjective.

Sense 4: "in whatever way or manner" – examples: "however he did it", that's a conjunction or relative adverb. Not applicable here because "However" is at the beginning of a sentence and is not introducing a manner clause.

So the choice is between sense 1 and sense 2. Let's examine the glosses more carefully. Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)". The examples: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" – here it's used after a concessive clause. In our context, there is no explicit concessive clause before it; it's just a new sentence starting with "However". Often, when "however" starts a sentence and means "nevertheless", it is used to indicate that the following statement is true despite the previous statement. But that is very similar to "by contrast". The key might be whether the previous information is a concession or just a contrasting point. The text says: In patients who had not received chemotherapy, survival was 10.3 months in both groups (no difference). Then "However" talks about the squamous cell status. So there was no difference in that group, but now we see a difference based on histology. So it's like: "The survival times were similar, however when we look at squamous cell status, we see a difference." That is a contrast, but it's also a concession? A concession often implies that the previous statement might lead one to think something, but the new statement goes against that expectation. I'd argue that "however" here is used to introduce a contrasting fact, not necessarily to say "despite the lack of difference, there is a difference." It's more like "on the other hand, when we look at this factor, ..."

Sense 2 is explicitly "by contrast; on the other hand". The example: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours." That is a direct contrast between two parts. Here, we have: The overall results showed no significant difference (or some numbers), but then "however" brings up a difference based on cell type. That is exactly a contrast.

Also, note that the WordNet entry for sense 1 lists synonyms: "nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so". Those are more about conceding and maintaining a point. Sense 2 doesn't list specific synonyms but the definition is "by contrast; on the other hand". It's a different nuance.

I'm leaning towards sense 2 because it's a clear contrast marker, and the context uses "In contrast" similarly. Also, in many computational linguistics corpora, "however" at sentence start indicating contrast is usually sense 2.

Let's check if there's any other clue. The text: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator." This is introducing a contrasting point to the previous general statement about effectiveness. It's not saying "Nevertheless, despite the previous, Alimta is better for these patients." It's more like "But there's another aspect: when we break down by cell type, we see..." So it's an "on the other hand" or "in contrast".

Therefore, I'll select sense 2.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "study" and the surface form "studies" in the context: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator." We need to choose the best indexed sense from the list of 10 candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context. The word "studies" here refers to the research trials or clinical studies mentioned earlier in the text. The text describes two different scenarios: one for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and one for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Then it says "in both studies", meaning in both of these research studies or clinical trials. So "studies" refers to the research investigations or analyses.

Now look at the candidate senses:

1. study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey. This could refer to a research study, as in a detailed inspection of something. But the definition says "a detailed critical inspection" and synonym "survey". This fits well with the context of clinical trials, which are detailed inspections.

2. study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work. This is the act of studying, not a research study itself.

3. study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report. This could be a report of a study, but the context says "in both studies", referring to the investigations themselves, not necessarily the written documents. The clinical trials themselves are often called studies, not just the reports.

4. study%1:09:04:: | a state of deep mental absorption. Not relevant.

5. study%1:06:00:: | a room. No.

6. study%1:09:02:: | a branch of knowledge. No.

7. study%1:06:01:: | preliminary drawing. No.

8. study%1:09:01:: | attentive consideration and meditation. Not relevant.

9. study%1:18:00:: | someone who memorizes quickly. No.

10. study%1:10:01:: | a composition for technique. No.

So the two most likely are sense 1 and sense 3. Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" with synonym "survey". Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings". In context, "in both studies" could refer to the investigations (the critical inspections) or the written reports. In medical contexts, "study" often refers to the research project itself, which includes the process and the findings. The synonym "survey" for sense 1 is quite close to a research study. Sense 3 specifically says "written document", which might be too literal. When we say "in both studies", we mean in both of these research efforts, not necessarily in both documents. However, the boundary can be fuzzy. But looking at WordNet, sense 1 is a more general "detailed critical inspection", which is exactly what a medical study is: a detailed examination of the effects of drugs. Sense 3 is specifically the document. In the sentence, they are referring to the actual clinical studies, not specifically the written reports. For example, "in both studies, patients had longer survival times" refers to the research findings from those studies. It's typical to call the research itself a study. Also, the examples under sense 3: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" - that refers to the written report. But that could also be interpreted as the research.

Let's check the definitions and synonyms. Sense 1: study%1:04:00:: has the hypernym: sense 1 in the WordNet hierarchy is probably an instance of a "scrutiny" or "examination". The example given for sense 1 is not shown, but it says synonyms=survey. Sense 3: study%1:10:00:: synonyms=report, written report, with example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". The example uses "study" to refer to the report.

In the context, we have multiple sentences describing the trials: "Alimta increased the survival time... In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective... However, in both studies, patients whose cancer..." This refers to the two clinical trials (or studies) mentioned. Clinical trials are systematic investigations, detailed critical inspections. They are not merely written documents; they are the experimental procedures and analyses. So sense 1 seems more appropriate.

Let's also consider if the plural "studies" might indicate multiple instances of a sense. Both sense 1 and 3 can be pluralized naturally. But sense 1 is more likely for research studies. Sense 3 would be if they were saying "in both reports". The sentence doesn't mention reports, it says "in both studies" referring back to the two research contexts.

Thus, I'll go with sense 1.

But let's check further: In WordNet, the sense "study%1:04:00::" is the first sense of study. According to Princeton WordNet online, the first noun sense for "study" is: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonyms: survey). The second sense is "applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading)" (synonyms: work). The third sense is "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: report, written report). So sense 1 is indeed the primary sense, and it matches the research study sense well.

I'll select sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are performing Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "patients" in the given context. The target word is "patient" with two candidate senses.

Sense 1: a person who requires medical care. This is clearly the medical sense. The context discusses cancer patients, treatment, survival times, etc. "Patients" here are individuals receiving medical treatment.

Sense 2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause. This is a linguistic term, a semantic role. The context is not about linguistics; it's about medical patients.

Thus, sense 1 is correct.

Following instructions: return JSON with sense_index. The sense indices given: 1 and 2. So output: {"sense_index": 1}