[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
Shuts the program down. To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the <t>same</t> view. Just use the Add button when you are in List mode.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "same" and target surface form "same". We need to perform word sense disambiguation based on the context. The context is: "Shuts the program down. To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the <t>same</t> view. Just use the Add button when you are in List mode."

The target word is "same" in the phrase "the same view". We have four candidate senses:

1. same%3:00:02:: definition: same in identity. examples: the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice. This sense implies identical entity, the very same one.

2. same%3:00:00:: definition: closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree. examples: curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age. This indicates similarity but not necessarily identity.

3. same%3:00:04:: definition: equal in amount or value. synonyms: like. examples: like amounts; equivalent amounts. This is about being equal in measurable attributes.

4. same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 definition: unchanged in character or nature. examples: the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever. This is about constancy over time.

Now, in the context, "You can set several graphs on the same view." This means that multiple graphs are displayed together in a single view, i.e., they share the same view window. Is it the very same view (identity)? Or similar view? Or equal in amount? Or unchanged? It is the identical view: all graphs are shown in one view, not copies of the view but the same instance. Sense 1 (same in identity) fits: you use the identical view to display multiple graphs. Sense 2 (similar) would imply views that look alike but are separate, which doesn't match. Sense 3 is about amounts, not relevant. Sense 4 is about unchanging, not relevant. So sense 1 is best.

Check examples: sense 1 examples: "the same man I saw yesterday" (identical person), "never wore the same dress twice" (identical dress). Here, "same view" means identical view, not just similar. So I select sense_index: 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: just
Target surface form: Just
Context:
To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. <t>Just</t> use the Add button when you are in List mode. You can set each graph its own color.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=just%4:02:00:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, only, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=just%4:02:05:: | definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | synonyms=precisely, exactly | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do; it was just as he said--the jewel was gone
3. sense_key=just%4:02:01:: | definition=only a moment ago | synonyms=just now | examples=he has just arrived; the sun just now came out
4. sense_key=just%4:02:03:: | definition=absolutely | synonyms=simply | examples=I just can't take it anymore; he was just grand as Romeo
5. sense_key=just%4:02:04:: | definition=only a very short time before; ; ; ; ; - W.B.Yeats | synonyms=barely, hardly, scarcely, scarce | examples=they could barely hear the speaker; we hardly knew them
6. sense_key=just%4:02:06:: | definition=exactly at this moment or the moment described | examples=we've just finished painting the walls, so don't touch them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "just" in the given context. The context is: "To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. <t>Just</t> use the Add button when you are in List mode. You can set each graph its own color."

The sentence with the target is: "Just use the Add button when you are in List mode."

We need to choose among the six senses provided.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=just%4:02:00:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, only, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
This sense means "merely" or "simply", indicating that no more is needed. In context: "Just use the Add button" could mean "Simply use the Add button" or "Only use the Add button" (and nothing else). That seems plausible.

2. sense_key=just%4:02:05:: | definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | synonyms=precisely, exactly | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do; it was just as he said--the jewel was gone
This indicates exactness. In "Just use the Add button", it might be interpreted as "Exactly use the Add button" but that doesn't fit well. It's not about precise timing or exactness of action. So unlikely.

3. sense_key=just%4:02:01:: | definition=only a moment ago | synonyms=just now | examples=he has just arrived; the sun just now came out
This is temporal: recently. Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=just%4:02:03:: | definition=absolutely | synonyms=simply | examples=I just can't take it anymore; he was just grand as Romeo
This is an intensifier: "absolutely". Could "Just use" mean "Absolutely use"? Not really; it's more instructional: simply use.

5. sense_key=just%4:02:04:: | definition=only a very short time before; ; ; ; ; - W.B.Yeats | synonyms=barely, hardly, scarcely, scarce | examples=they could barely hear the speaker; we hardly knew them
This is also temporal: barely, hardly. Not fitting.

6. sense_key=just%4:02:06:: | definition=exactly at this moment or the moment described | examples=we've just finished painting the walls, so don't touch them
Again temporal: just now. Not fitting.

The most fitting is sense 1: "and nothing more" i.e., "simply" or "merely". The instruction is to simply use the Add button; it's straightforward, no additional steps.

Thus, answer: sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. Just <t>use</t> the Add button when you are in List mode. You can set each graph its own color.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "use" in the given context. The target is "use" in the sentence: "Just <t>use</t> the Add button when you are in List mode." We need to pick the correct sense from the provided list of 6 senses.

The context is about using a button to add a function in a software (kalgebra). "use the Add button" means to employ the button for a purpose, i.e., put it into service. The sense is clearly about employing something for its intended function.

Let's examine each candidate:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: definition: put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose. synonyms: utilize, utilise, apply, employ. examples: use your head!; we only use Spanish at home. This fits perfectly: "use the Add button" means to employ the button, to make it work for its purpose.

2. take or consume (regularly or habitually): "She uses drugs rarely." Not applicable, we are not consuming a button.

3. use up, consume fully: "The legislature expended its time on school questions." Not applicable.

4. seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage: "She uses her influential friends to get jobs." Could be, but it's about taking advantage of something, often a person or connection, not a button. Here "use the Add button" is simply employing it functionally, not exploiting it.

5. avail oneself to: "apply a principle; practice a religion." Not exactly right; "apply" might be similar, but this sense is more about putting abstract things into practice.

6. habitually do something (used only in past tense): "She used to call..." This is the "used to" construction. Not applicable; here it's present tense imperative "use".

Sense 1 is the most straightforward and common: employ something for its purpose. The synonyms "utilize, employ, apply" also match.

So I choose sense_index 1.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: Add
Context:
To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. Just use the <t>Add</t> button when you are in List mode. You can set each graph its own color.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "add" and surface form "Add" in a specific context about using the KAlgebra software to plot graphs. The context mentions "click in the Add tab to add the new function", "use the Add button when you are in List mode". The action is about adding a graph, a function, or a new item. It's a user interface action: adding something to a collection or display.

Now let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of". Examples: "We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter". This is a general sense of adding something to something else.

2. sense 2: "state or say further", synonyms: append, supply. Example: "'It doesn't matter,' he supplied." This is about adding speech.

3. sense 3: "bestow a quality on", synonyms: lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring. Example: "Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play". This is about adding a quality or effect.

4. sense 4: "make an addition by combining numbers", synonyms: add together. Example: "Add 27 and 49, please!" This is arithmetic addition.

5. sense 5: "determine the sum of", synonyms: total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate. Example: "Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town". This is also summation, but more about computing a total.

6. sense 6: "constitute an addition", example: "This paper will add to her reputation". This is like "add to" in a figurative sense of contributing.

In the context, "to add a new 2D graph", "click in the Add tab to add the new function", "use the Add button when you are in List mode" clearly refers to the action of inserting or appending a new element into a list or collection. It is not about arithmetic (no numbers are being summed), not about stating something (not a speech act), not about bestowing a quality (not lending a property), and not exactly "constitute an addition" as in "add to reputation". The most straightforward sense is sense 1: making an addition, joining or combining, increasing the quantity or scope. The examples for sense 1: adding students to a room, adding a note to a letter — these are analogous to adding a graph to a view or a function to a list.

Thus, sense 1 fits best.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: list
Target surface form: List
Context:
To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. Just use the Add button when you are in <t>List</t> mode. You can set each graph its own color.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=list%1:10:00:: | definition=a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics) | synonyms=listing
2. sense_key=list%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a line or surface that departs from the vertical | synonyms=tilt, inclination, lean, leaning | examples=the tower had a pronounced tilt; the ship developed a list to starboard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the lemma "list" with surface form "List" in the given context. The context is about KAlgebra, a math graphing software. The target appears in: "Just use the Add button when you are in <t>List</t> mode." Here, "List" seems to refer to a mode or a feature in the software, likely a list of graphs or functions. The first sense: "a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)" with synonym "listing". That fits: in the software, "List mode" probably shows a list of graphs/functions. The second sense: "the property possessed by a line or surface that departs from the vertical" (tilt, leaning) doesn't fit the context at all. So sense 1 is correct. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mode
Target surface form: mode
Context:
To add a new 2D graph on kalgebra, what you have to do is to go to the 2D Graph tab and click in the Add tab to add the new function. Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. Just use the Add button when you are in List <t>mode</t>. You can set each graph its own color.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mode%1:07:00:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, style, way, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=mode%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular functioning condition or arrangement | examples=switched from keyboard to voice mode
3. sense_key=mode%1:24:00:: | definition=a classification of propositions on the basis of whether they claim necessity or possibility or impossibility | synonyms=modality
4. sense_key=mode%1:24:02:: | definition=verb inflections that express how the action or state is conceived by the speaker | synonyms=mood, modality
5. sense_key=mode%1:10:00:: | definition=any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave | synonyms=musical mode
6. sense_key=mode%1:09:00:: | definition=the most frequent value of a random variable | synonyms=modal value

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "mode" in context: "Just use the Add button when you are in List <t>mode</t>." The sentence fragment: "when you are in List mode." The context is about a software application (kalgebra) for adding 2D graphs. It mentions tabs like "2D Graph tab", "Add tab", and an "Add button when you are in List mode". So "List mode" likely refers to a particular functioning condition or arrangement of the interface, where you are viewing a list and can add items.

Look at candidate senses:
1. manner, style, way, fashion - general how something is done. Not specific to a software interface mode.
2. a particular functioning condition or arrangement. Example: "switched from keyboard to voice mode". This fits perfectly: "List mode" is a mode (condition) of the software where you see a list and can use the Add button.
3. classification of propositions (modality) - not relevant.
4. verb inflections (mood) - not relevant.
5. musical mode - not relevant.
6. statistical mode - not relevant.

Sense 2 is clearly the best. Thus index 2.

Return JSON.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: set
Target surface form: set
Context:
Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. Just use the Add button when you are in List mode. You can <t>set</t> each graph its own color.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=put, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=set%2:31:04:: | definition=fix conclusively or authoritatively | synonyms=determine | examples=set the rules
3. sense_key=set%2:32:00:: | definition=decide upon or fix definitely | synonyms=specify, determine, define, fix, limit | examples=fix the variables; specify the parameters
4. sense_key=set%2:32:01:: | definition=establish as the highest level or best performance | synonyms=mark | examples=set a record
5. sense_key=set%2:30:01:: | definition=put into a certain state; cause to be in a certain state | examples=set the house afire
6. sense_key=set%2:35:02:: | definition=fix in a border | examples=The goldsmith set the diamond
7. sense_key=set%2:30:09:: | definition=make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc | synonyms=fix, prepare, set up, ready, gear up | examples=Get the children ready for school!; prepare for war
8. sense_key=set%2:30:02:: | definition=set to a certain position or cause to operate correctly | examples=set clocks or instruments
9. sense_key=set%2:36:01:: | definition=locate | synonyms=localize, localise, place | examples=The film is set in Africa
10. sense_key=set%2:38:00:: | definition=disappear beyond the horizon | synonyms=go down, go under | examples=the sun sets early these days
11. sense_key=set%2:36:00:: | definition=adapt for performance in a different way | synonyms=arrange | examples=set this poem to music
12. sense_key=set%2:35:09:: | definition=put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground | synonyms=plant | examples=Let's plant flowers in the garden
13. sense_key=set%2:36:12:: | definition=apply or start | examples=set fire to a building
14. sense_key=set%2:30:07:: | definition=become gelatinous | synonyms=jell, congeal | examples=the liquid jelled after we added the enzyme
15. sense_key=set%2:36:11:: | definition=set in type | synonyms=typeset | examples=My book will be typeset nicely; set these words in italics
16. sense_key=set%2:35:15:: | definition=put into a position that will restore a normal state | examples=set a broken bone
17. sense_key=set%2:35:05:: | definition=insert (a nail or screw below the surface, as into a countersink) | synonyms=countersink
18. sense_key=set%2:35:04:: | definition=give a fine, sharp edge to a knife or razor
19. sense_key=set%2:33:00:: | definition=urge to attack someone | synonyms=sic | examples=The owner sicked his dogs on the intruders; the shaman sics sorcerers on the evil spirits
20. sense_key=set%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=place, put | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
21. sense_key=set%2:30:06:: | definition=equip with sails or masts | synonyms=rig, set up | examples=rig a ship
22. sense_key=set%2:30:12:: | definition=get ready for a particular purpose or event | synonyms=set up, lay out | examples=set up an experiment; set the table
23. sense_key=set%2:30:00:: | definition=alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard | synonyms=adjust, correct | examples=Adjust the clock, please; correct the alignment of the front wheels
24. sense_key=set%2:29:06:: | definition=bear fruit | synonyms=fructify | examples=the apple trees fructify
25. sense_key=set%2:29:05:: | definition=arrange attractively | synonyms=dress, arrange, do, coif, coiffe, coiffure | examples=dress my hair for the wedding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about graphing functions: "You can set several graphs on the same view. Just use the Add button when you are in List mode. You can <t>set</t> each graph its own color." The target word is "set" in the phrase "set each graph its own color". This is a ditransitive-like construction: "set each graph its own color" means to assign or specify a color for each graph. We need to choose the best sense from the list.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. put into a certain place or abstract location (put, place, pose, position, lay) – This is about placing something somewhere, e.g., "Set the tray down." Not really fitting; we're not physically placing a graph.

2. fix conclusively or authoritatively (determine) – e.g., "set the rules". This could work: setting a color for a graph is like determining a property. But is it conclusively or authoritatively? Possibly.

3. decide upon or fix definitely (specify, determine, define, fix, limit) – e.g., "fix the variables; specify the parameters". This seems very appropriate: you specify/define/fix the color for each graph. "Specify" is a good match.

4. establish as the highest level or best performance (mark) – e.g., "set a record". Not relevant.

5. put into a certain state; cause to be in a certain state – e.g., "set the house afire". This could be: setting the graph's color causes it to be in a certain state (colored). But typically, "set" with a property like color means to assign, not to cause a state. "Set the graph its color" isn't exactly like "set the house on fire". It's more like "set the graph's color to blue".

6. fix in a border – e.g., "set the diamond". Not relevant.

7. make ready or suitable or equip (fix, prepare, set up, ready, gear up) – Not relevant.

8. set to a certain position or cause to operate correctly (set clocks or instruments) – This is about adjusting to a correct setting. Not about assigning a color.

9. locate (localize, localise, place) – Not relevant.

10. disappear beyond the horizon (go down, go under) – Not relevant.

11. adapt for performance in a different way (arrange) – e.g., "set this poem to music". Not relevant.

12. put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground (plant) – Not relevant.

13. apply or start (set fire to a building) – This is a specific idiom, not general.

14. become gelatinous (jell, congeal) – Not relevant.

15. set in type (typeset) – Not relevant.

16. put into a position that will restore a normal state (set a broken bone) – Not relevant.

17. insert (a nail or screw below the surface) – Not relevant.

18. give a fine, sharp edge to a knife or razor – Not relevant.

19. urge to attack someone (sic) – Not relevant.

20. estimate (place, put) – e.g., "We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M." This is about estimating, not assigning a property.

21. equip with sails or masts (rig, set up) – Not relevant.

22. get ready for a particular purpose or event (set up, lay out) – e.g., "set the table". Not relevant.

23. alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard (adjust, correct) – Not relevant; we're not adjusting the graph, we're assigning a color.

24. bear fruit (fructify) – Not relevant.

25. arrange attractively (dress, arrange, do, coif, coiffe, coiffure) – Not relevant.

Now, the most plausible are senses 2, 3, and maybe 5. Sense 3: "decide upon or fix definitely" with synonyms specify, determine, define, fix, limit. The example "specify the parameters" is very close: setting a color is specifying a parameter. Sense 2: "fix conclusively or authoritatively" also has "set the rules", but it's more about establishing rules, not individual properties. Sense 5: "put into a certain state" could be interpreted as "set each graph to have its own color", but the example "set the house afire" shows a different construction (set + object + complement). In our sentence, "set each graph its own color" is a double-object dative: set [indirect object] [direct object]. It could be paraphrased as "set its own color to each graph" or "set each graph's color". So it's about assigning a value. In WordNet, sense 3 is "fix definitely" with "specify the parameters". That seems the best match. Also, sense 3 is specifically about fixing something like variables or parameters, which colors for graphs are. Sense 2 is more about rules or conclusions. Sense 3 is more about defining/assigning specific values.

Thus, I choose sense 3.

Now output JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: color
Target surface form: color
Context:
Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. Just use the Add button when you are in List mode. You can set each graph its own <t>color</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=color%1:07:00:: | definition=a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect | synonyms=colour, coloring, colouring | examples=a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light
2. sense_key=color%1:07:03:: | definition=interest and variety and intensity | synonyms=colour, vividness | examples=the Puritan Period was lacking in color; the characters were delineated with exceptional vividness
3. sense_key=color%1:07:02:: | definition=the timbre of a musical sound | synonyms=colour, coloration, colouration | examples=the recording fails to capture the true color of the original music
4. sense_key=color%1:14:00:: | definition=a race with skin pigmentation different from the white race (especially Blacks) | synonyms=colour, people of color, people of colour
5. sense_key=color%1:07:04:: | definition=an outward or token appearance or form that is deliberately misleading | synonyms=semblance, gloss, colour | examples=he hoped his claims would have a semblance of authenticity; he tried to give his falsehood the gloss of moral sanction
6. sense_key=color%1:27:00:: | definition=any material used for its color | synonyms=coloring material, colouring material, colour | examples=she used a different color for the trim
7. sense_key=color%1:09:01:: | definition=(physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction | synonyms=colour | examples=each flavor of quarks comes in three colors
8. sense_key=color%1:07:01:: | definition=the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation | synonyms=colour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "color" with surface form "color" in the given context.

Context:
"Then your focus will go to an input text box where you can type your function. If you want to use a typical f(x) function it is not necessary to specify it. If you have entered the function click on the OK button to display the graph in the main window. You can set several graphs on the same view. Just use the Add button when you are in List mode. You can set each graph its own <t>color</t>."

The word "color" appears in the phrase "You can set each graph its own color." So, we are in a software context, specifically graphing functions, and each graph can have its own color. This refers to the visual attribute (like red, blue, etc.) that distinguishes lines or curves in a graph.

Now, we examine the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: a visual attribute of things resulting from light they emit/transmit/reflect. Synonyms: colour, coloring, colouring. Example: "a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light". This fits the context of setting a graph's color, meaning the hue/saturation/brightness of the line.

2. sense 2: interest and variety and intensity. Example: "the Puritan Period was lacking in color". Not relevant to graphs.

3. sense 3: timbre of a musical sound. Not relevant.

4. sense 4: race with skin pigmentation. Not relevant.

5. sense 5: outward appearance deliberately misleading. Not relevant.

6. sense 6: any material used for its color (like coloring material). Example: "she used a different color for the trim". This could refer to a substance, but in the context of setting a graph's color, it's not about physical material, it's about the visual property assigned in software. Software uses color in the abstract visual sense.

7. sense 7: physics, characteristic of quarks. Not relevant.

8. sense 8: appearance of objects described in terms of hue, lightness, saturation. Synonyms: colour. This is very close to sense 1. Sense 1 is more general: "a visual attribute ... that results from light". Sense 8: "the appearance of objects ... described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation". Both could fit. But sense 1 is more basic: it's the attribute itself. Sense 8 is the appearance as perceived. Often in software, when you set a "color," you are specifying a value like red, green, blue, which corresponds to the visual attribute. However, WordNet often has sense 1 as the primary sense. The example for sense 1: "a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light" – this is about the physical attribute. Sense 8 talks about perception. In computer graphics, color is often specified as RGB values, which relates to physical light emission on screens. So, sense 1 might be the best. But let's see if there is any distinction. Sense 8 says "the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation." So it's more about the psychological perception. In a graphing program, "color" refers to the visual attribute assigned to the graph line. I'd say sense 1 is the most straightforward: the visual attribute. Sense 8 is a subtype focusing on perceptual dimensions. However, sense 1 is broader and includes any visual attribute from light. Sense 1 is listed as sense_key=color%1:07:00::, sense 8 is color%1:07:01::, so they are related but distinct. Usually, in WSD tasks, sense 1 is the most frequent. Given the context "set each graph its own color", it is simply the color property (like "red", "blue"). That maps to sense 1. I'll choose sense_index 1.

Thus, output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: foundation
Target surface form: Foundation
Context:
The <t>Foundation</t> has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=foundation%1:24:00:: | definition=the basis on which something is grounded | examples=there is little foundation for his objections
2. sense_key=foundation%1:14:00:: | definition=an institution supported by an endowment
3. sense_key=foundation%1:06:00:: | definition=lowest support of a structure | synonyms=base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure | examples=it was built on a base of solid rock; he stood at the foot of the tower
4. sense_key=foundation%1:09:01:: | definition=education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge | synonyms=grounding | examples=he lacks the foundation necessary for advanced study; a good grounding in mathematics
5. sense_key=foundation%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=basis, base, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
6. sense_key=foundation%1:06:01:: | definition=a woman's undergarment worn to give shape to the contours of the body | synonyms=foundation garment
7. sense_key=foundation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new | synonyms=initiation, founding, institution, origination, creation, innovation | examples=she looked forward to her initiation as an adult; the foundation of a new scientific society

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "foundation" with surface form "Foundation" in the given context. The context mentions "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference..." This suggests an organization or institution. Let's check the candidate senses.

Sense 2: "an institution supported by an endowment" - This fits perfectly. The context talks about an entity organizing a conference with participants from various groups. It's clearly an institution.

Other senses: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 don't match. Sense 1 is about a basis for something, not an organization. Sense 3 is structural support. Sense 4 is education in fundamentals. Sense 5 is fundamental assumptions. Sense 6 is an undergarment. Sense 7 is the act of starting something.

Therefore, the best sense is 2.

The answer should be a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The Foundation has recently been <t>involved</t> in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: involve, surface form: involved. Context: "The Foundation has recently been <t>involved</t> in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues..."

We need to choose the best sense from the list. Let's analyze the context.

The Foundation is an entity that is involved in organizing a conference. They are taking an active role in organizing. So "involved in organising" means they are participating in the organization. They are engaged as a participant in the activity of organizing.

Now look at the sense options:

1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | This sense has synonyms affect, regard, examples "This new ruling affects your business". This typically implies a connection that often has some negative or incriminating connotation. Not a good fit here.

2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs! This seems like it fits: the Foundation is engaged as a participant in organizing the conference. They are participating.

3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes. This meaning is about something having something else as a necessary part or consequence. Here, the Foundation is not a feature of organizing; they are an agent. So not this.

4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work. This sense is about requiring something. The Foundation is not required; it is doing the organizing. Not really.

5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses. This sense is about inclusion as parts. The Foundation is not a part of the conference organization in the sense of being contained; it is an organizer. So no.

6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon. This sense is about mental engagement or absorption. Not about participation in an activity.

7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved. This sense is about making something complex. Not relevant here; "involved" as an adjective could mean complex, but here it's "been involved in", clearly a verb participle.

So the best match is sense 2: engage as a participant.

Thus, answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organise
Target surface form: organising
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in <t>organising</t> a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organise%2:30:00:: | definition=bring order and organization to | synonyms=organize, coordinate | examples=Can you help me organize my files?
2. sense_key=organise%2:41:01:: | definition=create (as an entity) | synonyms=form, organize | examples=social groups form everywhere; They formed a company
3. sense_key=organise%2:41:02:: | definition=form or join a union | synonyms=unionize, unionise, organize | examples=The auto workers decided to unionize
4. sense_key=organise%2:41:00:: | definition=cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea | synonyms=organize
5. sense_key=organise%2:36:00:: | definition=arrange by systematic planning and united effort | synonyms=organize, prepare, devise, get up, machinate | examples=machinate a plot; organize a strike
6. sense_key=organise%2:31:00:: | definition=plan and direct (a complex undertaking) | synonyms=mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, orchestrate | examples=he masterminded the robbery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context. ... Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

The target lemma is "organise", surface form "organising", context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge."

We need to pick among 6 senses.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=organise%2:30:00:: | definition=bring order and organization to | synonyms=organize, coordinate | examples=Can you help me organize my files?
   This is about making things tidy, arranging physical items or data.

2. sense_key=organise%2:41:01:: | definition=create (as an entity) | synonyms=form, organize | examples=social groups form everywhere; They formed a company
   This is about forming an organization, like a company or group.

3. sense_key=organise%2:41:02:: | definition=form or join a union | synonyms=unionize, unionise, organize | examples=The auto workers decided to unionize
   This is specifically about labor unions.

4. sense_key=organise%2:41:00:: | definition=cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea | synonyms=organize
   This is a broader sense: causing something to be structured/ordered. Could apply to many abstract things.

5. sense_key=organise%2:36:00:: | definition=arrange by systematic planning and united effort | synonyms=organize, prepare, devise, get up, machinate | examples=machinate a plot; organize a strike
   This is about planning and executing an event or scheme. "organize a strike" is an example. "arrange by systematic planning and united effort" fits well with organizing a conference.

6. sense_key=organise%2:31:00:: | definition=plan and direct (a complex undertaking) | synonyms=mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, orchestrate | examples=he masterminded the robbery
   This is similar to 5 but emphasizes directing and orchestrating. "mastermind" suggests a more leadership role. Example: "he masterminded the robbery". Also fits organizing a conference, as it's a complex undertaking.

The context: "organising a conference". This involves planning, arranging, coordinating. Sense 5 and 6 seem both plausible. Sense 5 says "arrange by systematic planning and united effort", with example "organize a strike". Sense 6 says "plan and direct (a complex undertaking)". A conference is a complex undertaking. Which is more appropriate? Let's look at the definitions and examples. Sense 5 has "machinate a plot; organize a strike" – so it's about making arrangements for an event. Sense 6 has "mastermind the robbery" – it's about being the brains behind something, directing it. In typical usage, "organising a conference" means planning, coordinating, arranging it. It doesn't necessarily imply masterminding. But both could apply. Let's check WordNet more carefully. Usually, the sense for "organize a conference" is the one that means "arrange, set up". In many sense inventories, "organize" for an event like a conference falls under sense 5 or similar. But I recall that in WordNet, sense 5 (organise%2:36:00::) is often used for events. And sense 6 might be more about orchestrating a process or operation. The synonyms for sense 5 are "organize, prepare, devise, get up, machinate". "Get up" means arrange (e.g., get up a party). That fits a conference well. Sense 6 synonyms: "mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, orchestrate". Masterminding is typically for a complex plan like a heist. So I'm leaning toward sense 5.

But let's see examples. The provided example for sense 5: "machinate a plot; organize a strike". Organize a strike is planning a strike. Conference is similar. For sense 6: "he masterminded the robbery". That doesn't feel like a perfect fit. Organising a conference is a routine event, not necessarily masterminding. Also, the context says "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference". Foundations being involved in organising a conference is common, and it just means setting it up, arranging logistics. So sense 5 seems more direct.

Let's also consider sense 1: "bring order and organization to" – that's for files, messy rooms, etc. Not for conference. Sense 2: create an entity – forming a company. Conference is not an entity being formed; it's an event. Sense 3: unionize – no. Sense 4: cause to be structured according to some principle – too broad and abstract, not typical for events. So between 5 and 6, I'd go with 5.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 5.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a <t>conference</t> which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "conference" in the given context. The context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues..." This clearly describes an event where people gather to discuss a topic. It is a formal meeting with a specific agenda. The sense that fits best is sense 1: "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)". Sense 2 refers to a sports league, which doesn't fit. Sense 3 refers to a group discussion, but the context mentions organising a conference, which typically implies a larger, formal event, not just a discussion group. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "especially one with a formal agenda", which aligns with the context of participants debating issues. Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

The answer should be a JSON object with the index: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: dealt
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which <t>dealt</t> with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%2:32:08:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
2. sense_key=deal%2:31:10:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, take, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
3. sense_key=deal%2:41:09:: | definition=take action with respect to (someone or something) | examples=How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students
4. sense_key=deal%2:41:00:: | definition=come to terms with | synonyms=cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple | examples=We got by on just a gallon of gas; They made do on half a loaf of bread every day
5. sense_key=deal%2:40:01:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, administer, mete out, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
6. sense_key=deal%2:40:00:: | definition=do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood | synonyms=sell, trade | examples=She deals in gold; The brothers sell shoes
7. sense_key=deal%2:41:13:: | definition=be in charge of, act on, or dispose of | synonyms=manage, care, handle | examples=I can deal with this crew of workers; This blender can't handle nuts
8. sense_key=deal%2:41:04:: | definition=behave in a certain way towards others | examples=He deals fairly with his employees
9. sense_key=deal%2:40:02:: | definition=distribute cards to the players in a game | examples=Who's dealing?
10. sense_key=deal%2:41:02:: | definition=direct the course of; manage or control | synonyms=conduct, carry on | examples=You cannot conduct business like this
11. sense_key=deal%2:40:07:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=share, divvy up, portion out, apportion
12. sense_key=deal%2:40:06:: | definition=give (a specific card) to a player | examples=He dealt me the Queen of Spades
13. sense_key=deal%2:40:11:: | definition=sell | examples=deal hashish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "dealt" in the context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge." The conference dealt with a critical challenge. We need to pick the most appropriate sense from the list.

Let's analyze each candidate:

1. sense_key=deal%2:32:08:: definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression. Synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, address. Examples: This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization. This fits well: a conference dealing with a challenge means the conference covered/addressed the challenge. The conference likely had presentations, discussions, etc. dealing with the topic.

2. take into consideration for exemplifying purposes. Synonyms=consider, take, look at. Example: Take the case of China. This is about using something as an example. Not fitting: the conference didn't take the challenge as an example; it addressed it.

3. take action with respect to (someone or something). Example: How are we going to deal with this problem? This is about handling or tackling a problem. A conference dealing with a critical challenge could be interpreted as the conference taking action to address the challenge? But a conference is an event where people discuss, not directly take action. However, "deal with" can mean "handle" or "address" in a general sense.

4. come to terms with. Synonyms=cope, get by. Example: We got by on just a gallon of gas. This is about coping or managing with limited resources. Not fitting: the conference isn't coping; it's addressing.

5. administer or bestow in small portions. distribute, dole out. Not relevant.

6. do business; offer for sale. Not relevant.

7. be in charge of, act on, or dispose of. manage, care, handle. Example: I can deal with this crew of workers. This could mean handling or managing. A conference dealing with a challenge might be managing or handling it, but sense 1 (cover, treat) seems more apt for an intellectual event.

8. behave in a certain way towards others. Not relevant.

9. distribute cards. Not relevant.

10. direct the course of; manage or control. conduct, carry on. Example: You cannot conduct business like this. Not really: a conference doesn't manage a challenge; it discusses it.

11. give out as one's portion or share. Not relevant.

12. give a specific card. Not relevant.

13. sell. Not relevant.

The closest matches are sense 1 and sense 3. Sense 1: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" with synonyms cover, treat, handle, address. The examples are about books and courses covering topics. A conference is like a course or a book where topics are covered. Sense 3: "take action with respect to (someone or something)" – the example "How are we going to deal with this problem?" is about solving problems. But a conference typically doesn't solve a problem directly; it brings people together to discuss it. The phrase "dealt with this critical challenge" could be interpreted as the conference was about the challenge, addressing it intellectually. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "cover, treat, handle, address" which are perfect for conferences. Sense 3 might also imply a more active resolution. Given that the conference is an event where issues are debated (as the context continues: "debated issues such as..."), it's about discussing, not necessarily taking action. So sense 1 is more precise.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: critical
Target surface form: critical
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this <t>critical</t> challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=critical%3:00:01:: | definition=marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws | examples=a critical attitude
2. sense_key=critical%3:00:04:: | definition=at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction | examples=a critical temperature of water is 100 degrees C--its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure; critical mass
3. sense_key=critical%3:00:02:: | definition=characterized by careful evaluation and judgment | examples=a critical reading; a critical dissertation
4. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:indispensable:00 | definition=urgently needed; absolutely necessary | synonyms=vital | examples=a critical element of the plan; critical medical supplies
5. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:crucial:00 | definition=forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis | synonyms=decisive | examples=a critical point in the campaign; the critical test
6. sense_key=critical%3:00:03:: | definition=being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency | examples=a critical shortage of food; a critical illness
7. sense_key=critical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism | examples=critical acclaim

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "critical" in the given context. The context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

We need to choose the best sense from the 7 provided. Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=critical%3:00:01:: | definition=marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws | examples=a critical attitude
   This sense is about being judgmental or fault-finding. Not a match; the context is about a "critical challenge," not a fault-finding challenge.

2. sense_key=critical%3:00:04:: | definition=at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction | examples=a critical temperature of water is 100 degrees C--its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure; critical mass
   This is a scientific sense (e.g., critical mass, critical temperature). Not applicable to a "challenge" in a conference context.

3. sense_key=critical%3:00:02:: | definition=characterized by careful evaluation and judgment | examples=a critical reading; a critical dissertation
   This sense involves careful analysis or evaluation, like in "critical thinking" or "critical analysis." The conference dealt with a "critical challenge," but it's about a challenge that requires careful evaluation? Possibly, but "critical challenge" might mean a crucial or decisive challenge. The context: conference dealing with this challenge, debating issues. It might be a challenge that needs thorough discussion. But this sense is more about the act of evaluating, not about the nature of the challenge itself.

4. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:indispensable:00 | definition=urgently needed; absolutely necessary | synonyms=vital | examples=a critical element of the plan; critical medical supplies
   This sense means something that is very important or essential. "Critical challenge" could mean a challenge that is of vital importance. The Foundation organised a conference on this, so it's likely a crucial, important challenge. This seems plausible.

5. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:crucial:00 | definition=forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis | synonyms=decisive | examples=a critical point in the campaign; the critical test
   This sense is about a point of crisis or decision. A "critical challenge" might be a decisive challenge that determines outcomes. The context doesn't indicate a crisis specifically, but it could be a pivotal challenge. This is also plausible.

6. sense_key=critical%3:00:03:: | definition=being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency | examples=a critical shortage of food; a critical illness
   This sense describes a state of crisis. "Critical challenge" could be a challenge that is at a crisis level. However, the context doesn't imply an emergency, just an important issue being debated.

7. sense_key=critical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism | examples=critical acclaim
   This sense relates to critics or the act of criticism. "Critical acclaim" means praise from critics. Not relevant here; "critical challenge" doesn't mean a challenge from critics.

Now, between senses 4 (vital/indispensable) and 5 (decisive/turning point), which fits better? The phrase "critical challenge" is commonly used to mean a very important or crucial challenge, synonymous with "vital challenge." Sense 4 is specifically "urgently needed; absolutely necessary," which is a bit odd for "challenge." A critical element is vital, but a "critical challenge" might be better described as a challenge that is crucial or decisive. Sense 5: "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis," which fits "critical" in the sense of a critical moment or critical issue. However, the context does not emphasize a turning point; it says the conference dealt with this critical challenge, meaning an important challenge. Often, "critical" before a noun like "issue" or "challenge" means "extremely important" or "crucial." The WordNet sense for "crucial" is sense 5, but note that sense 5 is tagged as a satellite adjective, meaning "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis." That is more specific than just "crucial" in the general sense of "extremely important." Actually, "critical" in the sense of "crucial" often overlaps with "decisive." But sense 4 is "urgently needed; absolutely necessary," which is also "vital." Which sense index is best here? Let's check the synonyms: for sense 4, synonyms=vital; for sense 5, synonyms=decisive.

In the phrase "critical challenge," I'd interpret it as a challenge that is extremely important, possibly decisive. It doesn't necessarily imply a turning point or crisis in the sense of an emergency (sense 6), but rather a challenge that is crucial to success or that requires critical attention. The context: the Foundation organized a conference to deal with this critical challenge, and many stakeholders debated issues. It seems like a significant, essential challenge that needs addressing. I think "vital" (sense 4) is a better fit: urgently needed, absolutely necessary. The challenge is something that must be dealt with. Sense 5 is more about a decisive point, like a critical moment. "Critical challenge" is more about the importance of the challenge, not that it's a turning point per se.

Also, note that sense 4 is labeled as an adjective satellite, and sense 5 as well. In many dictionaries, the primary sense of "critical" as "crucial" or "vital" is often merged. But given the glosses, sense 4 emphasizes necessity/importance, while sense 5 emphasizes decisiveness/crisis. The context uses "critical challenge" in a general way, not specifically indicating a crisis. So I lean toward sense 4.

But let's double-check sense 3: characterized by careful evaluation and judgment. Could it be a challenge that requires careful evaluation? Possibly, but more likely the conference dealt with a challenge that is critical (important). The conference involved debate and discussion, but that doesn't necessarily make the challenge itself one of careful evaluation; the challenge might be something else. So sense 3 is less likely.

Thus, I choose sense 4: urgently needed; absolutely necessary.

Answer with JSON: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical <t>challenge</t>. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%1:26:00:: | definition=a demanding or stimulating situation | examples=they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power
2. sense_key=challenge%1:10:00:: | definition=a call to engage in a contest or fight
3. sense_key=challenge%1:10:01:: | definition=questioning a statement and demanding an explanation | examples=his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy
4. sense_key=challenge%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror
5. sense_key=challenge%1:10:03:: | definition=a demand by a sentry for a password or identification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: challenge. Context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical <t>challenge</t>. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

We need to choose the best indexed sense among 1-5. The senses are:
1. a demanding or stimulating situation; example: they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power
2. a call to engage in a contest or fight
3. questioning a statement and demanding an explanation; example: his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy
4. a formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror
5. a demand by a sentry for a password or identification

Context: The conference dealt with this critical challenge. The conference debated issues like the role of key actors. So "challenge" here is likely a general problem or demanding situation that needs to be addressed. Sense 1 fits well: "a demanding or stimulating situation". Sense 2 is about a call to a contest, not appropriate. Sense 3 is about questioning a statement, but the context doesn't mention any specific statement being challenged. Sense 4 is legal/juror specific. Sense 5 is military/sentry. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, we return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: participant
Target surface form: participants
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 <t>participants</t> from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=participant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who takes part in an activity
2. sense_key=participant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who participates in or is skilled at some game | synonyms=player

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "participant" with surface form "participants" in context. The context is about a conference with over 100 participants from main interest groups attending and debating issues. The candidate senses:

1. sense_key=participant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who takes part in an activity
2. sense_key=participant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who participates in or is skilled at some game | synonyms=player

We need to choose the best indexed sense. The context clearly indicates a conference with participants attending and debating. This is a general activity, not a game. Sense 1 fits perfectly: someone who takes part in an activity. Sense 2 specifies "game" and synonym "player", which doesn't match the conference context. So sense 1 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the <t>main</t> interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the word "main" in the given context. The target word is an adjective modifying "interest groups": "the main interest groups". We need to choose the best indexed sense among the three candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00, definition: most important element, synonyms: chief, primary, principal, master, examples: "the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass"
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02::, definition: (of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence, synonyms: independent, examples: "the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb"
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00, definition: of force; of the greatest possible intensity, examples: "by main strength"

In context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended..." Here, "main" describes "interest groups", meaning the most important or primary interest groups. This fits sense 1: most important element. The synonyms "chief, primary, principal" are appropriate. Sense 2 is about grammar (independent clause), not applicable. Sense 3 is about physical force or intensity, not likely.

Thus, sense 1 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attended
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups <t>attended</t> and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "attend", target surface form "attended", and the context sentence: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users." The context is about a conference. So participants came to the conference and participated in debating. The word "attended" here means they were present at the conference. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church

This perfectly matches: participants were present at the conference. The conference is a meeting. The definition includes "meetings", and the example "She attends class regularly" is similar. So sense 1 is a strong fit.

2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
This doesn't fit: participants didn't take charge of or deal with the conference; they just were present.

3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
This would mean something like "the conference was attended by success" but here, participants are the subject, they attended the conference, so not this sense.

4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
Not relevant.

5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word
This could be interpreted as "paying attention" but in the context, they attended a conference and debated issues. While they likely paid heed, the primary meaning is being present. Moreover, sense 5's example "The children in the audience attended the recital quietly" uses "attended" meaning they were attentive, but it's a less common sense. In typical usage, "attended a conference" almost always means sense 1. The context says "Over 100 participants ... attended and debated", which implies they were present and then participated. Sense 1 is clearly the intended meaning.

Thus, the best sense is index 1.

But the instruction says: "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: debate
Target surface form: debated
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and <t>debated</t> issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=debate%2:31:00:: | definition=argue with one another | examples=We debated the question of abortion; John debated Mary
2. sense_key=debate%2:32:02:: | definition=think about carefully; weigh | synonyms=consider, moot, turn over, deliberate | examples=They considered the possibility of a strike; Turn the proposal over in your mind
3. sense_key=debate%2:32:00:: | definition=discuss the pros and cons of an issue | synonyms=deliberate
4. sense_key=debate%2:32:01:: | definition=have an argument about something | synonyms=argue, contend, fence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "debated" in the given context. The context is about a conference where participants debated issues such as the role of key actors. The participants are from various interest groups. The word "debated" here likely means they discussed the pros and cons of the issues, engaged in a formal discussion or argument about the topics. It's a formal conference setting, so they are deliberating, exchanging views.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. argue with one another: example "We debated the question of abortion; John debated Mary" - this is more about personal argument, possibly with a direct object. In our sentence, "debated issues" fits, but the sense suggests a more contentious argument, like to debate someone. The context doesn't mention a specific opponent, but rather they debated issues. It could be this, but the definition "argue with one another" might imply a more confrontational back-and-forth.
2. think about carefully; weigh: synonyms consider, moot, turn over, deliberate. This is more about internal or group careful consideration. The context says they "debated issues", which could mean they considered them carefully. But in a conference, they likely discussed out loud, not just thought.
3. discuss the pros and cons of an issue: synonyms deliberate. This fits: they discussed the pros and cons of issues like the role of key actors. Deliberate is a good synonym. The context says they "debated issues such as the role..." which implies a discussion weighing different viewpoints. This is a common meaning in a formal meeting.
4. have an argument about something: synonyms argue, contend, fence. This suggests a heated argument, possibly contentious. The context doesn't imply a heated argument; it's a conference with interest groups. They might have debated civilly, but it's not necessarily an argument. "Argue" can be formal, but the synonyms "contend, fence" suggest more adversarial.

The best sense seems to be 3: discuss the pros and cons of an issue. It matches the conference context where participants are deliberating on issues. Sense 2 is more about thinking carefully, often internally, while sense 3 explicitly says "discuss" which implies verbal exchange. The example for sense 3 is not given, but the definition is clear. Sense 1 is also possible, but the definition "argue with one another" might emphasize personal conflict rather than formal discussion. Sense 4 is more about having an argument. In WordNet, sense 3 is defined as "discuss the pros and cons of an issue" which is exactly what debating issues in a conference entails.

Thus, I choose sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated <t>issues</t> such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "issues" in the given context. The context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users." The word "issues" here refers to topics or subjects that were debated. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" - This fits well with debating issues; issues are important questions being disputed. Example: "politicians never discuss the real issues."

2. sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about" (topic, subject, matter) - This also fits, as they debated topics like the role of key actors. Example: "he kept drifting off the topic."

Sense 1 emphasizes dispute and importance, while sense 3 is more general as a topic of thought. In the context, they "debated issues", which implies they were discussing and arguing about them, so sense 1 seems appropriate. Sense 3 could also work, but sense 1 is more specific to the context of debate.

Check other senses: sense 2 is about magazine issues, sense 4 about issuing items, sense 5 government supplies, sense 6 financial returns, sense 7 consequences, sense 8 offspring, sense 9 emergence, sense 10 opening/exit, sense 11 publication. None fit.

So between sense 1 and sense 3, which is better? The phrase "debated issues" strongly suggests sense 1 because debate implies a dispute, a question to be settled. Sense 3 is more about topics in general, not necessarily disputed. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actor
Target surface form: actors
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key <t>actors</t> including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actor%1:18:00:: | definition=a theatrical performer | synonyms=histrion, player, thespian, role player
2. sense_key=actor%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=doer, worker | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "actors" in the given context. The target lemma is "actor" and the surface form is "actors". The context is about a conference attended by participants from various interest groups, discussing the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations, and service users. The candidate senses are: 1) a theatrical performer (histrion, player, thespian, role player) and 2) a person who acts and gets things done (doer, worker), with examples like "he's a principal actor in this affair". The context clearly refers to organizations and groups that are actively involved in a process, not theatrical performers. Therefore, sense 2 is the correct one. The instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So for sense 2, we output {"sense_index":

provider: DigitalOcean