[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: allow
Target surface form: allow
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=allow%2:41:00:: | definition=make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen | synonyms=let, permit | examples=This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement
2. sense_key=allow%2:32:00:: | definition=consent to, give permission | synonyms=permit, let, countenance | examples=She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband; I won't let the police search her basement
3. sense_key=allow%2:40:00:: | definition=let have | synonyms=grant | examples=grant permission; Mandela was allowed few visitors in prison
4. sense_key=allow%2:31:01:: | definition=give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause | synonyms=appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve | examples=I will earmark this money for your research; She sets aside time for meditation every day
5. sense_key=allow%2:42:00:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=leave, allow for, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
6. sense_key=allow%2:31:00:: | definition=allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something | synonyms=take into account | examples=I allow for this possibility; The seamstress planned for 5% shrinkage after the first wash
7. sense_key=allow%2:42:07:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=admit | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
8. sense_key=allow%2:41:01:: | definition=allow the other (baseball) team to score | synonyms=give up | examples=give up a run
9. sense_key=allow%2:40:01:: | definition=grant as a discount or in exchange | examples=The camera store owner allowed me $50 on my old camera
10. sense_key=allow%2:32:06:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=permit, tolerate | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to match "allow" in the sentence: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

The context is about allowing common sense to prevail. The structure is "allow [something] to [verb]". Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen" synonyms: let, permit. Examples: "This permits the water to rush in", "This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement". This sense is about enabling an event. "allow this common sense to prevail" fits: we make it possible for common sense to prevail. This is a strong match.

2. "consent to, give permission" synonyms: permit, let, countenance. Examples: "She permitted her son to visit...", "I won't let the police search..." This implies a personal permission to an agent. In the sentence, "allow this common sense to prevail" is not giving permission to a person; it's allowing an abstract thing to happen. Could be similar, but sense 1 is more about making something possible. Let's see if there's a better one.

3. "let have" synonyms: grant. Example: "grant permission; Mandela was allowed few visitors". This is about allowing someone to possess something. Doesn't fit.

4. "give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause" synonyms: appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve. Example: "I will earmark this money...". Not applicable.

5. "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain" synonyms: leave, allow for, provide. Examples: "This leaves no room for improvement", "The evidence allows only one conclusion". This is about creating a possibility or leaving room. "allow this common sense to prevail" might be similar to sense 1, but note that sense 5 is "leave" or "allow for". The example "The evidence allows only one conclusion" is about the existence of a possibility. In the sentence, we are not leaving room; we are actively letting common sense prevail.

6. "allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something" synonyms: take into account. Example: "I allow for this possibility". This is more about acknowledging a possibility. Not quite.

7. "afford possibility" synonyms: admit. Examples: "This problem admits of no solution", "This short story allows of several different interpretations". This is about something affording a possibility. "allow of" is a different construction. Not matching "allow something to do".

8. baseball term. Not.

9. "grant as a discount or in exchange". Not.

10. "allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting" synonyms: permit, tolerate. Examples: "We don't allow dogs here", "Children are not permitted beyond this point". This is about allowing a thing or activity. "allow this common sense to prevail" could be interpreted as permitting the activity of prevailing. However, sense 1 is more about making an event happen via action/inaction. The sentence says "we allow this common sense to prevail", meaning we permit it to happen, we let it. Sense 1 and 2 are close. But note the examples: Sense 1: "This permits the water to rush in" – making an event happen. Sense 2: "She permitted her son to visit" – giving permission to a person. Here, "common sense" is not a person, it's an abstract force. But it could still be giving permission metaphorically. However, the WordNet sense keys: allow%2:41:00:: is about "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen". That seems more directly about enabling an outcome. Sense 2 is about consenting to an action by an agent. In the context, "we allow this common sense to prevail" means we let it happen, we don't prevent it. The phrase "make it possible ... for something to happen" fits because by not opposing, we make it possible. But sense 2 is also about giving permission. Let's check the exact wording: "allow this common sense to prevail" – the structure "allow + noun + to-infinitive" is typical for both sense 1 and 2. For example, "She allowed the dog to bark" could be sense 2 (giving permission) or sense 1 (making it possible). In WordNet, sense 1 is "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen". The examples: "This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement" – that's an inanimate subject allowing something to happen. "This permits the water to rush in" – also inanimate. But in our sentence, the subject is "we", so it's a person allowing. That might lean towards sense 2. However, the definition of sense 2 is "consent to, give permission", with examples like "She permitted her son to visit". That involves a person granting permission to another person. Our context is not about giving permission to a person; it's about letting an abstract thing (common sense) prevail. It's more like "leave" or "permit" in a general sense. Let's see if sense 5 might fit: "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain". Example: "This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion". In that, it's about allowing a conclusion, i.e., the evidence permits only one conclusion. That's similar to "allow this common sense to prevail" – we are allowing common sense to prevail, i.e., we are making it possible for common sense to prevail. But sense 5's gloss includes "permit to be attainable or cause to remain", and the examples are "The evidence allows only one conclusion" – that is evidence permitting a conclusion. In our sentence, it's not about leaving room; it's about actively letting common sense prevail. But maybe it's the same.

Let's compare sense 1 and sense 2 closely. Sense 1: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen" – this emphasizes the enabling. Sense 2: "consent to, give permission" – this emphasizes permission. In the sentence, "we allow this common sense to prevail" – we are giving permission for it to prevail? Or we are making it possible? The nuance is that we have the power to let it happen, so it's about not preventing it. I think sense 1 is more about making possible (by removing obstacles), whereas sense 2 is about granting permission. In many contexts, they overlap. WordNet also has sense 10: "allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting" – that might be a better fit because it's about allowing an activity. The example: "We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point." That's about allowing an activity or presence. "allow this common sense to prevail" – to prevail is an activity. It's like "we allow common sense to prevail" meaning we don't prohibit it, we tolerate it. That is very close to sense 10. The definition says "allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting". Synonyms: permit, tolerate. That seems perfect: we allow common sense to prevail, i.e., we don't oppose it. So I'm leaning toward sense 10: allow%2:32:06:: (allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting). But is that the best? Let's see the difference between sense 2 and sense 10. Sense 2 is "consent to, give permission", which is more about giving permission to an agent. Sense 10 is about allowing an activity without opposing. The example "We don't allow dogs here" is about a rule. In our context, it's about a general stance: we allow common sense to prevail. It seems like a permissive attitude. Sense 10 is a good match.

But also sense 1: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen" – that could be interpreted as by not doing something, we make it possible for common sense to prevail. The phrase "the degree to which we allow this common sense to prevail" suggests we actively or passively enable it. However, sense 10 is specifically about allowing an activity without opposing. I think sense 10 is more precise because "prevail" is an activity, and we are not prohibiting it. The context also says "the education establishment will fight against common sense" – so it's about opposition. Allowing common sense to prevail means not fighting it, letting it happen. That aligns with "allow without opposing".

Let's check the WordNet hierarchy. Sense 2: allow%2:32:00:: (permit, let, countenance). Sense 10: allow%2:32:06:: (permit, tolerate). They are both under the same verb class? Actually, sense 2 is a parent? Not sure. But they are distinct.

I'll consider the examples given: For sense 10: "We don't allow dogs here" – that’s about a place. "Children are not permitted beyond this point." That's about an area. But the structure is "allow + noun phrase" or "allow + activity"? "allow dogs" is allowing the presence. "allow an activity" – like "allow smoking". In the sentence, "allow this common sense to prevail" – the object is "this common sense" and then to-infinitive. That could be an activity of prevailing. But sense 10's examples don't show an infinitive; they show direct objects. However, the definition says "allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting". So "allow something to happen" could be seen as allowing an activity. It's a good fit.

Sense 1: "make it possible... for something to happen" – the example "This permits the water to rush in" is exactly "allow + something + to do". So that pattern fits perfectly. The definition for sense 1 says "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action", which is exactly the idea of letting something happen. In the sentence, "we allow this common sense to prevail" – we are making it possible for common sense to prevail by not opposing the establishment's fight. So that's also a strong match. Which is more precise? Let's look at the target word "allow" in context: "determined by the degree to which we allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions". The phrase "allow to prevail" is like "let prevail". I think both sense 1 and 10 are applicable. But what does WordNet say? The sense key allow%2:41:00:: is for "make it possible... for something to happen". The example "This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement" shows an inanimate subject. But the definition doesn't require an inanimate subject; it's about making an event possible. Sense 10 is about permitting an activity without opposing. In many ways, they are similar, but there might be a subtle distinction: sense 1 is about causation/enabling, sense 10 is about tolerance. I'd argue that in this political/social context, "allow" means we don't oppose it, we let it happen, which is more akin to tolerance. However, the phrase "allow this common sense to prevail" could be interpreted as simply "let this common sense prevail". I could check other dictionaries. But I need to choose one.

The instruction says: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." I should also consider the synonyms. For sense 1, synonyms: let, permit. For sense 10, synonyms: permit, tolerate. The sentence uses "allow", and if we substitute "let": "we let this common sense to prevail" – that works. Substitute "tolerate": "we tolerate this common sense prevailing" – that also works, but it's slightly different. "Tolerate" implies putting up with something we might not like, but here it's about allowing it to prevail, which is a positive or neutral thing. The context says "they do want their children to get a decent education... Their commitment to creativity cannot survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share." This suggests that we, as a society, might let common sense win. It's not about tolerating an annoyance; it's about enabling a force. So "let" or "permit" in a general sense. Sense 1 seems more active: make it possible. But also, the phrase "allow... to prevail" is like "make it possible for common sense to prevail". That is very much sense 1.

Sense 5: "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain" – example "The evidence allows only one conclusion". That is about evidence permitting a conclusion. Our sentence is about people allowing an outcome. People are agents, so it could be sense 2 or 1. But the "make it possible" in sense 1 can be used with a person as subject. For example, "I allowed the water to rush in" – I made it possible. So sense 1 is not restricted to inanimate subjects. I think sense 1 is the most neutral and common. In fact, many learners would think of "allow to do" as sense 1.

Let's check the index numbers: I'll go with sense_index=1 or 10? I need to be confident. I'll re-read the examples carefully:

Sense 1: "This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement" – these are about making an event happen. The structure is "allow + noun + infinitive". Our sentence: "allow this common sense to prevail" – exactly that structure.

Sense 10: "We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point" – these are about allowing a thing in a place, or an activity. It doesn't use the infinitive structure. The definition says "allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting". The activity could be "prevailing", but the phrase "allow something to prevail" is more like enabling an event than just allowing an activity. For example, "We don't allow dogs here" is about dogs being present. "We allow common sense to prevail" is not just about presence; it's about a process. So I think sense 1 is more directly matching the syntax and meaning.

Also, in WordNet, there's a sense allow%2:42:00:: (sense 5) "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain". Example: "The evidence allows only one conclusion". That is similar but it's more about leaving a possibility. Our sentence is about making it happen. So sense 1 is better.

Now, I'll consider if there's any other sense that could be better. Sense 2: "consent to, give permission" – examples with personal objects: "She permitted her son to visit". That implies a direct object person receiving permission. Our object is "common sense", not a person. So that is less apt.

Thus, the best is sense 1: allow%2:41:00::, which has index 1 in the list.

I'll output {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevail
Target surface form: prevail
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to <t>prevail</t> over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevail%2:42:02:: | definition=be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance | synonyms=predominate, dominate, rule, reign | examples=Money reigns supreme here; Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood
2. sense_key=prevail%2:42:01:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=hold, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
3. sense_key=prevail%2:42:00:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=persist, die hard, run, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
4. sense_key=prevail%2:33:00:: | definition=prove superior | synonyms=triumph | examples=The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight
5. sense_key=prevail%2:32:02:: | definition=use persuasion successfully | examples=He prevailed upon her to visit his parents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the target word "prevail" in the given context. The context is from a passage about American education. The sentence: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share." Here, "prevail" means that common sense will win out or triumph over illusions. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance; synonyms: predominate, dominate, rule, reign. This fits: common sense will dominate or predominate over illusions.

2. be valid, applicable, or true; synonyms: hold, obtain. Not really; it's not saying common sense holds true over illusions, but that it prevails over them.

3. continue to exist; synonyms: persist, die hard, run, endure. Not appropriate; common sense doesn't just continue to exist, it prevails over something else.

4. prove superior; synonyms: triumph. The example: "The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight." This is exactly the meaning: common sense triumphs over illusions. It's a competition/metaphorical battle.

5. use persuasion successfully. Not fitting.

Between sense 1 and sense 4, both could work: predominate vs. triumph. Sense 1 is about being larger in number, quantity, power, status, or importance. Sense 4 is about proving superior, triumphing. The context has "prevail over the illusions", which implies a victory. The example for sense 4 is about a champion prevailing in a fight, which is similar to a triumph. Sense 1's examples: "Money reigns supreme here" (prevail in sense of reign) and "Hispanics predominate" (predominance). Here, "common sense prevail over illusions" means common sense will win, not just predominate in quantity, but overcome. Sense 4 is more precise.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 4.

I'll output as JSON.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Together

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illusion
Target surface form: illusions
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illusion%1:09:01:: | definition=an erroneous mental representation | synonyms=semblance
2. sense_key=illusion%1:09:00:: | definition=something many people believe that is false | synonyms=fantasy, phantasy, fancy | examples=they have the illusion that I am very wealthy
3. sense_key=illusion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas | synonyms=delusion, head game
4. sense_key=illusion%1:04:02:: | definition=an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers | synonyms=magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "illusions" in the given context. The target lemma is "illusion", surface form "illusions". The context is about education, criticizing the idea of "creativity" in education as a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, and how parents' common sense must prevail over the "illusions" they share.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illusion%1:09:01:: | definition=an erroneous mental representation | synonyms=semblance
2. sense_key=illusion%1:09:00:: | definition=something many people believe that is false | synonyms=fantasy, phantasy, fancy | examples=they have the illusion that I am very wealthy
3. sense_key=illusion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas | synonyms=delusion, head game
4. sense_key=illusion%1:04:02:: | definition=an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers | synonyms=magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration

The context: "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share." The illusions here refer to the false beliefs about creativity that parents and others share. It's not about a magical trick or an act of deluding; it's about a shared false belief. Sense 2 fits: "something many people believe that is false" with synonyms fantasy, phantasy, fancy. Example: "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy" parallels the shared illusion about creativity. Sense 1 is an erroneous mental representation, but it's more individual and cognitive, not emphasizing the shared false belief. Sense 3 is about the act of deluding, but here the word is "illusions" as object of "prevail over", so it's the illusion itself, not the act. Sense 4 is clearly unrelated (magic trick). Therefore, sense 2 is the best match.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%2:42:00:: | definition=have in common | examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border
2. sense_key=share%2:40:02:: | definition=use jointly or in common
3. sense_key=share%2:40:01:: | definition=have, give, or receive a share of | synonyms=partake, partake in | examples=We shared the cake
4. sense_key=share%2:40:00:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal
5. sense_key=share%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate | examples=I'd like to share this idea with you

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "share" in a specific context. Let's look at the context:

"The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."

The target is "share" in the phrase: "the illusions that we also share." So "we" (all of us) share illusions. That means we have these illusions in common, we collectively hold these illusions.

Candidate senses:

1. sense_key=share%2:42:00:: | definition=have in common | examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border
2. sense_key=share%2:40:02:: | definition=use jointly or in common
3. sense_key=share%2:40:01:: | definition=have, give, or receive a share of | synonyms=partake, partake in | examples=We shared the cake
4. sense_key=share%2:40:00:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal
5. sense_key=share%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate | examples=I'd like to share this idea with you

We need the best fit. The context: "illusions that we also share" means illusions that we hold in common. Sense 1 is "have in common" – exactly that. The example: "Our children share a love of music" – similar structure of having something in common (a love, an illusion). Sense 2 is about using jointly, like sharing a room or a tool. Not about abstract illusions. Sense 3 is about partaking, dividing something (like cake). Sense 4 is about distributing portions. Sense 5 is about communicating. None of these fit as well as sense 1. The illusion is something we collectively have, not something we divide or communicate. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, the index is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The <t>education</t> establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "education" in the context: "the education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way." The target is "education" in the phrase "education establishment". Here, "education establishment" refers to the institutional or professional group involved in education, likely the system or the people in charge of education policy. Let's examine the senses:

1. the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy)
2. knowledge acquired by learning and instruction
3. the gradual process of acquiring knowledge
4. the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) (synonyms: training, breeding)
6. the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education; created 1979

In context: "The education establishment" likely refers to the institutional system or the group of people professionally involved in education, such as administrators, policymakers, and educators. This is closest to sense 4: the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university). However, "establishment" implies the organized body or institution, which aligns with the profession or the system. Sense 1 is about the activity, but "establishment" suggests the people/organizations, not the activity. Sense 2 and 3 are about knowledge or process, not fitting "establishment". Sense 5 is about upbringing, not relevant. Sense 6 is specifically the U.S. federal department, but the context does not mention U.S. specifically; it's a general discussion of "American education's future" earlier, so it might be U.S., but "education establishment" is a common phrase referring to the institutional education system, not the Department of Education specifically. The sentence says: "American education's future will be determined... The education establishment will fight against common sense..." So it's the broader establishment, not the department. Sense 4, profession of teaching, is the closest because the establishment comprises those in the profession. So I'll choose sense 4.

But let's double-check: Sense 4 is "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)". The phrase "education establishment" often refers to the institutional bureaucracy of education, which is made up of professionals in teaching and administration. Thus sense 4 fits.

Answer: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education <t>establishment</t> will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "establishment" in the given context. The context is: "The education <t>establishment</t> will fight against common sense every inch of the way." So "establishment" here refers to some entity within the field of education. We need to choose from the candidate senses.

Analyzing the senses:

1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | act of forming or establishing something. Not applicable here; it's not about the act of forming.

2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | an organization founded and united for a specific purpose. Synonyms: institution. This could be a possibility: "education establishment" could mean an organization/institution in the education field. But is it a specific organization? Or a more general concept?

3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something. Synonyms: administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation. Example: "the governance of an association is responsible to its members." This sense refers to the people in charge, the administration. "The education establishment" might refer to the administration or governing body of the education system. Given the context of fighting against common sense, it might refer to the people running the education system, the bureaucracy, the entrenched administrators. This is a common usage: "the establishment" often means the ruling elite or the people in power in a field.

4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | a public or private structure including buildings and equipment. This is a physical place, like a school building. Not likely.

5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | any large organization. Could be possible, but less specific.

6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | ecological process. Not applicable.

7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | cognitive process of establishing a valid proof. Not applicable.

Between sense 2, 3, and 5: The phrase "the education establishment" is commonly used to refer to the entrenched bureaucracy, the system of authority and administration within the educational sector. It's not a single organization but more the network of people and institutions that control education policy and practice. Sense 3 specifically mentions "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" which fits perfectly: the education establishment as the administration/governing body. Sense 2 is more about a single institution (like a university or foundation). Sense 5 is too vague. Also, the example for sense 3: "he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members" shows that this sense can be used for groups of people in power. In the context, "will fight against common sense" suggests a collective entity with agency, which is well captured by sense 3's "persons who make up a body for administering something". So I'll go with sense 3.

Thus, index 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fight
Target surface form: fight
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fight%2:33:00:: | definition=be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight | synonyms=contend, struggle | examples=the tribesmen fought each other; Siblings are always fighting
2. sense_key=fight%2:33:01:: | definition=fight against or resist strongly | synonyms=oppose, fight back, fight down, defend | examples=The senator said he would oppose the bill; Don't fight it!
3. sense_key=fight%2:41:00:: | definition=make a strenuous or labored effort | synonyms=struggle | examples=She struggled for years to survive without welfare; He fought for breath
4. sense_key=fight%2:41:10:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "fight" with surface form "fight" in the given context. The context is about the education establishment resisting common sense. The sentence: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."

We have four candidate senses:

1. fight%2:33:00:: - be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight; synonyms: contend, struggle. Example: tribesmen fought each other; siblings are always fighting. This suggests a physical or metaphorical fight, perhaps a conflict.

2. fight%2:33:01:: - fight against or resist strongly; synonyms: oppose, fight back, fight down, defend. Example: The senator said he would oppose the bill; Don't fight it! This sense is about resisting or opposing something.

3. fight%2:41:00:: - make a strenuous or labored effort; synonyms: struggle. Example: She struggled for years to survive without welfare; He fought for breath. This sense is about struggling or making an effort.

4. fight%2:41:10:: - exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for; synonyms: crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate. Example: The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights. This is about campaigning or advocating.

The context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way." The phrase "fight against" indicates resistance. The establishment is resisting common sense. This aligns with sense 2: "fight against or resist strongly." The synonyms include "oppose." The example "Don't fight it!" matches the idea of resisting.

Sense 1 is more about engaging in a conflict, possibly physical. Sense 3 is about making an effort, which doesn't fit "against common sense" as much as resisting it. Sense 4 is about advocating for something, but here it's against something, so it's more like opposition.

Thus, sense 2 is the best choice.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reasons
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The <t>reasons</t> are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "reasons" in the context. The target lemma is "reason", surface form "reasons". The context: "... The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. ..." So we have a phrase "The reasons are complex" and "one simple reason". The sentence talks about why the education establishment fights against common sense. The reasons for that are complex. So "reasons" here refers to the causes, explanations, or justifications for why they fight.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

In context: "The reasons are complex" – we are talking about the reasons for the education establishment's fight against common sense. So these are the causes or justifications. Sense 1: a rational motive for a belief or action. That could work: the reasons (motives) for their action. Sense 2: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon. That also fits: the reasons (explanatory causes) for the phenomenon of fighting common sense. Sense 5: a justification for something existing or happening. That fits as well. Sense 6: a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion. That might also fit: the reasons are facts that justify why they fight.

But we need to distinguish between these. Note that sense 1 and sense 5 both have "grounds" as synonyms, but sense 5 explicitly includes "cause". Sense 2 is "an explanation of the cause". The phrase "reasons are complex" is very common and often refers to the multiple causes or explanatory factors. Often "reason" in this sense is synonymous with "cause" or "explanation". Let's look at the examples:
- Sense 1: "the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration" -> Here, "reason" is the motive or ground.
- Sense 2: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly" -> This is like a scientific explanation.
- Sense 5: "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice" -> Here "cause" or "reason" are justifications.
- Sense 6: "there is reason to believe he is lying" -> This is a fact that justifies a conclusion, not necessarily a causal explanation.

In our sentence, "The reasons are complex" is immediately followed by "but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated." They are talking about the causes/factors behind the establishment's behavior. I think the most common sense for "reasons" in such a context is sense 2: an explanation of the cause. But let's check WordNet's structure: Typically, sense 1 and sense 5 are very close. In WordNet, sense 1 is the "ground" sense, often used for a reason as a motivating factor. Sense 2 is more like a causal explanation. The phrase "reasons are complex" might be interpreted as the factors that explain something.

But note the target word is "reasons", plural. Sense 2's example is singular. Sense 1 and 5 have plural examples. In sense 1: "the grounds for their declaration" (plural). In sense 5: "they had good reason to rejoice" (singular but can be plural).

Let's also see the definition: Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action". The education establishment's fight is an action, so the reasons could be the motives. Sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon". The fight is a phenomenon. Both fit.

However, I think in ordinary usage, "reasons are complex" without more context typically means the causes or explanations are complex. But given the overall passage, the author is discussing why the establishment fights common sense. They are presenting the reasons as underlying factors. I lean towards sense 2 because it explicitly mentions "explanation of the cause", and the sentence is giving a reason (one simple reason) as part of those complex reasons. The simple reason mentioned might be that progressive education is more interesting to teachers. That sounds like a cause or explanation, not exactly a rational motive (though it could be).

Let's check the WordNet hierarchy: synset for sense 2 is "reason%1:10:01::", hypernym: explanation? Sense 1 is "reason%1:16:00::", hypernym: rational motive. I think in the sentence "The reasons are complex", we are referring to the explanations for the phenomenon, not necessarily the motives of the actors (though they might overlap). But often the word "reasons" in such contexts is more about causal factors than about psychological motives. The author says "the reasons are complex" then "one simple reason" - that simple reason is that progressive education is more interesting to teachers. That is a cause: teachers prefer it because it's interesting. It could be seen as a motive. But I think it's presented as a factor explaining why the establishment fights common sense.

Looking at the senses, sense 6: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" is less likely because it's not about a premise or conclusion here. Sense 4 and 3 are about the faculty of reason, clearly not. So we are down to 1, 2, 5, maybe 6.

Sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening". That might imply that the reasons serve to justify the establishment's fight, but the passage doesn't necessarily say they are justified, just that they have complex reasons.

I think sense 2 is the best fit: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon." The example shows a causal explanation: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly." In our text, "The reasons are complex" could be rephrased as "The explanations for why they fight are complex."

Sense 1 could also work, but I'll go with 2. Let's see if there's any strong clue. The text says "one simple reason ought not to be underestimated." That reason is that progressive education is more interesting and agreeable to teachers. That is a reason why they fight it: they prefer the interesting method. That is a motive (rational motive) for their action. So sense 1 explicitly mentions "motive for an action". It might be more precise. Sense 1 example: "the reason that war was declared" - that's a motive for the action of declaring war. So similarly, the reasons for the education establishment's fighting against common sense are motives. I think both are plausible, but sense 1 might be more directly about an action's motive.

However, in many WSD tasks, "reason" meaning cause/motive is often sense 1 or 5. Let's check the synonyms: sense 1 has "ground", sense 5 has "cause, grounds". Sense 5 seems to be more about justification, while sense 1 is about motive. Given the context, they are not discussing justification, but simply the factors (motives/causes) behind their actions. So I'd lean towards sense 1.

But I recall that WordNet sometimes has a subtle distinction. Let's look at the gloss for sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action". So it's a motive that is rational. The "simple reason" given is that progressive education is more interesting and agreeable to teachers. That might be a rational motive: teachers find it more interesting, so they prefer it. That seems like a motive. Sense 2: "an explanation of the cause" might be more objective and less about motive.

In the phrase "The reasons are complex", the word "reasons" often points to the causes or explanatory factors. In WordNet, the sense "reason" as "cause" is often mapped to sense 2 or 5. Sense 2 is specifically "explanation of the cause". In many WSD corpora, "reason" in the sense of "cause" is frequently tagged as sense 2 or 5. For example, in the SemCor corpus, "reason" meaning "cause" is often sense 1? Actually, I need to think: In WordNet 3.0, the sense keys: reason%1:10:00:: (sense 5 here) is "a justification for something existing or happening". That is very similar to "cause". Sense 5 example: "they had good reason to rejoice" - that could be "they had good cause". Sense 2 example: "the reason a steady state was never reached..." is like a scientific cause.

Given the context, the reasons are complex factors behind a social phenomenon. That seems more like sense 2, because it's an explanation of the phenomenon. The simple reason mentioned is a specific explanation: teachers find progressive education more interesting. I think sense 2 is appropriate.

I'll choose sense 2. But let's double-check: The target is "reasons" and it is followed by a singular "one simple reason". The plural reasons are complex, the singular reason is one of them. That fits the idea of multiple explanatory causes.

I'll go with sense_index 2.

Thus, return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one <t>simple</t> reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "simple" in the given context. The context: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated." Here "simple" is contrasted with "complex". The sentence says there are complex reasons, but one simple reason. So "simple" here means not complex, easy to understand, straightforward. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms. This directly contrasts with "complex" (complex means having many parts, complicated). The context says "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason..." So sense 1 fits perfectly: not complex or complicated.

2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson. This also means not complicated, but it emphasizes easiness. Could fit, but sense 1 seems more direct: having few parts, not complex.

3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea. This means "mere" or "bare", like "the simple truth" (just the truth, nothing else). In the context, "one simple reason" could be interpreted as "one mere reason" or "one bare reason", but the contrast with complex suggests not complicated, rather than "mere". The phrase "simple reason" often means a reason that is straightforward, not complex. But sense 3 could be: the mere reason, without additions. However, the contrast "complex" points to complexity, not mere-ness.

4. Childlike simplicity - no.

5. Lacking mental capacity - no.

6. Botany leaf shapes - no.

7. Unornamented - no.

So the best is sense 1: having few parts; not complex or complicated. Sense 2 is similar but sense 1 directly mentions "not complex". I'll go with sense 1.

Return {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "reason" in the context: "The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated." The surrounding context discusses parents' common sense, the education establishment's fight against it, and the reasons being complex. The sentence says: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated." So here, "reason" refers to a cause or justification for why the education establishment fights against common sense. It's an explanation or justification for something.

Let's examine the senses:
1. sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action" – synonyms: ground, example: "the reason that war was declared"
2. sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" – example: "the reason a steady state was never reached..."
3. sense 3: capacity for rational thought (understanding, intellect)
4. sense 4: state of having good sense (rationality, reasonableness)
5. sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening" – synonyms: cause, grounds, example: "they had good reason to rejoice"
6. sense 6: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" – example: "there is reason to believe he is lying"

In context, the "simple reason" is one of the complex reasons why the education establishment fights common sense. It is a justification or cause. Sense 2 is "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" – it fits as an explanation. Sense 5 is "a justification for something existing or happening" – also closely fits, with "cause" as a synonym. Sense 1 is "a rational motive" – also possible.

However, sense 5 specifically includes "cause" and "justification" examples, and the phrase "the reasons are complex" uses "reasons" plural, then "one simple reason" – this seems to be one cause/justification. In WordNet, sense 5 is often used for "reason" meaning cause/grounds. Sense 2 is more about an explanation of a phenomenon, but here it's a reason for an action (fighting against common sense). Sense 5 says "justification for something existing or happening" – the education establishment's fight is a happening/action. Sense 1 says "motive for a belief or action" – also fits. But which is most specific? Often, "reason" as a cause is sense 5. Let's check typical examples: "the reason for the disaster" etc. The phrase "the reasons are complex" suggests causes/justifications. I'll go with sense 5.

But let's see if there's any other nuance: the sentence says "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated." This implies that among the various reasons (causes/motives), one is simple. So it's a cause for their fighting. So sense 5. Sense 2 might fit too but sense 5 seems more directly about justification for an action.

I'll choose sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: progressive
Target surface form: Progressive
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "<t>Progressive</t> education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:liberal:00 | definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
3. sense_key=progressive%3:00:02:: | definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:increasing:00 | definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:ordered:00 | definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:active:02 | definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "progressive" with surface form "Progressive" in the given context. The context is: "Progressive education" (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

We have six candidate senses:
1. favor or promote progress, example "progressive schools"
2. favoring or promoting reform (often by government action), synonyms: reformist, reform-minded
3. (of taxes) adjusted so that rate increases as income increases
4. gradually advancing in extent
5. (card game or dance) involving series of sections with successive change of place, example "progressive euchre; progressive tournaments"
6. advancing in severity, example "progressive paralysis"

The context mentions "Progressive education" as a term. It contrasts with disciplined instruction and involves personality development and minimizing tests. It seems to refer to an educational philosophy or movement that emphasizes progress, reform, child-centered learning, etc. This matches sense 1: "favoring or promoting progress" with example "progressive schools". Indeed, "progressive education" is a well-known term for an educational approach that focuses on progress and is often associated with schools that favor such methods. Sense 2 is about reform, often by government action, which might be related but is more political. Sense 1 specifically includes "progressive schools" as an example, which directly aligns with "progressive education". So sense 1 is the best fit.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive <t>education</t> "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "education" in the given context. There are six candidate senses. We need to pick the best one.

The context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. ... 'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

The target is "education" in the phrase "Progressive education". We need to see which sense fits best.

Let's review the senses:

Sense 1: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. Examples: he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed. Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy.

Sense 2: knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. Example: it was clear that he had a very broad education.

Sense 3: the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. Examples: education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's.

Sense 4: the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university).

Sense 5: the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior). Example: a woman of breeding and refinement.

Sense 6: the United States federal department.

In context, "Progressive education" refers to a particular educational philosophy or method. It contrasts with "disciplined instruction". So "Progressive education" is a type of educational approach, a set of activities or a philosophy of teaching. It is not about knowledge acquired (sense 2), nor the process (sense 3), nor the profession (sense 4), nor upbringing (sense 5), nor the department (sense 6). Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" seems appropriate because progressive education is a way of educating, an educational activity or method. The synonyms include "pedagogy", which often refers to teaching methods. The phrase "Progressive education" is akin to a pedagogical approach. So sense 1 fits best.

I'll check other possibilities: Sense 4 is the profession of teaching, but "Progressive education" isn't the profession, it's the method. Sense 3 is the process, but the phrase is labeling a type of education, not the process itself. Sense 1 is the most generic and abstract: the activities or instruction. So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus the answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was <t>once</t> called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target word "once" in the given context. We have three candidate senses.

Let's read the context: "... 'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far more interesting ..."

The target word "once" is in the phrase "as it was once called". This means that "progressive education" was called that at a previous time, formerly. It indicates that it had that name in the past. This matches sense 3: "at a previous time", synonyms: formerly, at one time, etc. Sense 1 is "on one occasion" (one time), which would not fit because it's not about a single occasion event; it's about how it was referred to in the past. Sense 2 is "as soon as", which is a conjunction, and here it is an adverb. So sense 3 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once <t>called</t>) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "called" in the sentence: "Progressive education (as it was once <t>called</t>) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction." The target lemma is "call", surface form "called". We need to pick the best indexed sense from the list of 28 senses.

Context: The phrase "as it was once called" is a parenthetical remark meaning "as it was formerly named/referred to". It indicates that the term "Progressive education" is what people used to call it. So the sense is about naming or designating something.

Looking at the candidate senses:
- Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to (name). Example: They named their son David; The new school was named after... So this fits: "Progressive education" is the name we gave it.
- Sense 2: ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality. Example: He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy... That's more about labeling with a quality, not a proper name. Here it's "Progressive education" as a term, not a quality. So sense 1 is closer.
- Sense 12: greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name (address). Example: Call me Mister. That's more about addressing someone directly, not referring to something by a name. Not appropriate.
- Other senses are about telephoning, shouting, ordering, etc., none fit.

Thus, sense 1 is the best: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". The phrase "as it was once called" means "as it was once named". The examples in sense 1 use "named" which is a synonym. So I'll pick index 1.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: far
Target surface form: far
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is <t>far</t> more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
2. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far; strayed far from home
3. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up; how far can we get with this kind of argument?
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future; all that happened far in the past
5. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: Target lemma: far, Target surface form: far, Context: "... is <t>far</t> more interesting and agreeable to teachers than ..." The phrase is "far more interesting". We need to choose the best sense from the list. Sense 1: "to a considerable degree; very much" with examples "a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday". That matches the intensifier use: "far more interesting" means "much more interesting". Sense 2: spatial distance, not applicable. Sense 3: "to a certain point or degree" like "so far", not intensifier. Sense 4: remote in time. Sense 5: to an advanced stage. Clearly, sense 1 is correct. Output JSON with sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far <t>more</t> interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "more" in context: "Progressive education is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction." The target surface form is "more". We have two candidate senses. Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs", synonyms "to a greater extent", examples "more interesting; more beautiful". Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent", examples "he works more now; they eat more than they should". In the sentence, "more" is modifying "interesting and agreeable", which are adjectives. So it's forming the comparative of adjectives. Sense 1 fits exactly: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". The example "more interesting" is directly given. Sense 2 is comparative of "much", as in "he works more", where "more" is an adverb modifying a verb, not an adjective. So the correct sense is 1.