[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building <t>started</t> shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "start" with surface form "started". Context: "the building started shaking violently up and down". This is an inchoative sense: the building began to shake. The subject is inanimate (building). The verb is intransitive.

Let's examine candidate senses:

1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | take the first step or steps in carrying out an action. Synonyms: get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out. Examples: "We began working at dawn; Who will start?" This is about initiating an action, often with a human agent. The example "Who will start?" suggests starting a task. Not ideal for an inanimate subject shaking.

2. start%2:30:01:: | set in motion, cause to start. Synonyms: begin, lead off, commence. Examples: "The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities". This is transitive, causative. The building is not causing something to start; it is starting (itself) shaking. Not correct.

3. start%2:38:02:: | leave. Synonyms: depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out. Examples: "The family took off for Florida". Not applicable.

4. start%2:42:00:: | have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense. Synonyms: begin. Examples: "The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro". This is stative, describing where/when something begins. Not an action of starting to shake.

5. start%2:36:00:: | bring into being. Synonyms: originate, initiate. Examples: "He initiated a new program; Start a foundation". Transitive, causative. Not appropriate.

6. start%2:36:01:: | get off the ground. Synonyms: start up, embark on, commence. Examples: "Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise". Transitive, initiating an enterprise. Not intransitive shaking.

7. start%2:38:04:: | move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm. Synonyms: startle, jump. Examples: "She startled when I walked into the room". This is a physical jump, often of a person or animal. The building shaking violently is not a startle reflex. Unlikely.

8. start%2:38:01:: | get going or set in motion. Synonyms: start up. Examples: "We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer". Transitive, causing to operate. Not intransitive shaking.

9. start%2:38:00:: | begin or set in motion. Synonyms: go, get going. Examples: "I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!" This can be intransitive, meaning to begin an activity. "I start at eight" suggests beginning work. The example "Ready, set, go!" is about starting an event. This sense might fit: the building started shaking = the building began to shake. The shaking is an activity/event beginning. This is a general inchoative sense.

10. start%2:41:00:: | begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job. Synonyms: take up. Examples: "Take up a position; start a new job". Not applicable.

11. start%2:33:00:: | play in the starting lineup. Not applicable.

12. start%2:42:03:: | have a beginning characterized in some specified way. Synonyms: begin. Examples: "The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees". This describes the manner or initial part of something. Could be "The shaking started violently" but the sentence is "the building started shaking", not "started violently" - it's the action that started. This sense is about the nature of the beginning, not the inception of an action. Not ideal.

13. start%2:41:04:: | begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object. Synonyms: begin. Examples: "begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot". Transitive, with a direct object implying an activity (smoke a cigar, make soup). Not intransitive.

14. start%2:38:03:: | bulge outward. Synonyms: protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out. Not applicable.

The best candidate is sense 9: begin or set in motion, synonyms go, get going. The example "I start at eight in the morning" shows intransitive use for beginning an activity. "The building started shaking" is an inchoative construction: start + gerund. That matches "begin or set in motion" where the subject is the entity that begins the motion/activity. In WordNet, sense 9 is intransitive, synonymous with "go, get going". The sentence here is "the building started shaking violently" meaning the building began to shake. So sense_index should be 9.

Check other possible interpretations: Sense 1 is also begin, but examples "We began working at dawn; Who will start?" - sense 1 is "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". It often applies to human agents. However, "start" with an inanimate subject in an inchoative sense is usually covered by a general "begin" sense. WordNet's sense 9 explicitly says "begin or set in motion" and includes "I start at eight" which is also human, but the definition does not restrict to human. Sense 4 is about having a beginning in a spatial/temporal sense, not about initiating an action. So 9 is more active.

Thus, the answer is sense_index: 9.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shaking
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started <t>shaking</t> violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

native_finish_reason: error

provider: Wafer

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shaking
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started <t>shaking</t> violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 9. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "shaking" in the provided context. The context is: "the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed." So the building is shaking due to an earthquake. The shaking is violent and up and down. We need to choose the best sense from the candidates.

Candidate 1: shake%2:38:00:: definition=move or cause to move back and forth. Synonyms=agitate. Examples: The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking. This sense is about moving back and forth, could apply to a building, but "back and forth" might suggest a horizontal side-to-side motion more than up and down. However, the example "My hands were shaking" is similar to trembling.

Candidate 2: shake%2:29:00:: definition=move with or as if with a tremor. Synonyms=didder. Examples: his hands shook. This sense is specifically tremor-like, which could be a rapid, small movement, often associated with shivering or nervousness. But here the shaking is "violently up and down", not a tremor.

Candidate 3: shake%2:38:01:: definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively. Synonyms=judder. Examples: The old engine was juddering. "Juddering" is a violent shaking or vibration, often mechanical. This sense seems to capture rapid, intensive shaking, which fits "shaking violently up and down". The building is juddering.

Candidate 4: shake%2:38:02:: definition=move back and forth or sideways. Synonyms=rock, sway. Examples: the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed. This is specifically sideways or back and forth motion. The context says "up and down", not sideways. So this doesn't match.

Candidate 5: figurative: undermine or cause to waver. Not applicable.

Candidate 6: stir emotions, not applicable.

Candidate 7: get rid of, not applicable.

Candidate 8: bring to a condition by shaking, not applicable.

Candidate 9: shake a body part to communicate, not applicable.

So the best match is Candidate 3: shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively, with synonym "judder". The building is shaking violently, which aligns with juddering. Candidate 1 is also possible, but 3 emphasizes the rapid intensity and vibration, which seems a closer fit for the violent earthquake shaking. The context says "shaking violently up and down" and "as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed", which suggests vigorous, jarring motion, not just a gentle back and forth. Candidate 3's definition explicitly includes "intensively". So I'll go with 3.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 3}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: child
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a <t>child</t>'s toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "child" in the given context. We have four candidate senses. Let's analyze the context.

Context: "the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed." This is a simile: the building shook like a child's toy block being tossed. So here, "child" refers to a young person, a kid. The phrase "child's toy block" implies a toy block used by children. The sense we want is the one that matches a young person.

Now, let's look at the candidate senses:

1. child%1:18:00: a young person of either sex (synonyms: kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry). Example: "she writes books for children; they're just kids".
2. child%1:18:01: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age. Example: "they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college".
3. child%1:18:06: an immature childish person. Example: "he remained a child in practical matters; stop being a baby!"
4. child%1:18:07: a member of a clan or tribe. Example: "the children of Israel".

The context uses "child" as an adjective (possessive form: child's toy block). The intended meaning is "toy block used by a young person." So it's sense 1.

We need to return a JSON like {"sense_index": 1}.

Double-check: sense 2 might also be plausible because a child (offspring) could have toys, but sense 1 is more generic for "young person" and is the primary sense. In WordNet, sense 1 is the most frequent sense. So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: toy
Target surface form: toy
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's <t>toy</t> block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=toy%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact designed to be played with | synonyms=plaything
2. sense_key=toy%1:06:02:: | definition=a nonfunctional replica of something else (frequently used as a modifier) | examples=a toy stove
3. sense_key=toy%1:06:03:: | definition=a device regarded as providing amusement | examples=private airplanes are a rich man's toy
4. sense_key=toy%1:06:01:: | definition=a copy that reproduces a person or thing in greatly reduced size | synonyms=miniature
5. sense_key=toy%1:05:00:: | definition=any of several breeds of very small dogs kept purely as pets | synonyms=toy dog

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's <t>toy</t> block that was being tossed." The target word is "toy" modifying "block". The phrase is "child's toy block". We need to choose the best sense from the given options.

Sense 1: an artifact designed to be played with (plaything). This seems general. A "toy block" is a block that is a toy, i.e., a plaything. The context says "child's toy block" – it's a block for a child to play with. So sense 1 fits well.

Sense 2: a nonfunctional replica of something else (frequently used as a modifier); example: a toy stove. This sense focuses on "nonfunctional replica". A toy block could be a replica? Actually, toy blocks are not necessarily replicas of anything; they are just blocks for playing. So this doesn't fit.

Sense 3: a device regarded as providing amusement; example: private airplanes are a rich man's toy. This is about an object that serves as a toy for someone, but not necessarily designed as a toy. In "child's toy block", it's clearly a toy designed for children, not just an object used as a toy. But sense 3 could apply to any object used for amusement. However, the phrase "child's toy block" strongly suggests a manufactured toy, so sense 1 is more appropriate.

Sense 4: a copy that reproduces a person or thing in greatly reduced size (miniature). A toy block is not necessarily a miniature of something.

Sense 5: breeds of small dogs. Irrelevant.

Thus, the best sense is sense 1. In the phrase "toy block", "toy" is actually a noun adjunct modifying "block", indicating that the block is a toy. Sense 1 is the most direct.

Output should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: block
Target surface form: block
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy <t>block</t> that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=block%1:06:00:: | definition=a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides) | examples=the pyramids were built with large stone blocks
2. sense_key=block%1:15:00:: | definition=a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings | synonyms=city block | examples=he lives in the next block
3. sense_key=block%1:25:01:: | definition=a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides | synonyms=cube
4. sense_key=block%1:14:00:: | definition=a number or quantity of related things dealt with as a unit | examples=he reserved a large block of seats; he held a large block of the company's stock
5. sense_key=block%1:06:06:: | definition=housing in a large building that is divided into separate units | examples=there is a block of classrooms in the west wing
6. sense_key=block%1:23:00:: | definition=(computer science) a sector or group of sectors that function as the smallest data unit permitted | examples=since blocks are often defined as a single sector, the terms `block' and `sector' are sometimes used interchangeably
7. sense_key=block%1:09:00:: | definition=an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension | synonyms=mental block | examples=I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block
8. sense_key=block%1:06:02:: | definition=a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a groove in which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the rope | synonyms=pulley, pulley-block
9. sense_key=block%1:06:04:: | definition=a metal casting containing the cylinders and cooling ducts of an engine | synonyms=engine block, cylinder block | examples=the engine had to be replaced because the block was cracked
10. sense_key=block%1:06:01:: | definition=an obstruction in a pipe or tube | synonyms=blockage, closure, occlusion, stop, stoppage | examples=we had to call a plumber to clear out the blockage in the drainpipe
11. sense_key=block%1:06:05:: | definition=a platform from which an auctioneer sells | synonyms=auction block | examples=they put their paintings on the block
12. sense_key=block%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of obstructing or deflecting someone's movements | synonyms=blocking

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to disambiguate "block" in the context: "a child's toy block that was being tossed." The building shaking is compared to a child's toy block being tossed. This clearly refers to a physical, solid block, typically used as a toy, like a wooden or plastic block. The context says "as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed." So the sense is a solid piece, usually rectangular, used as a toy. That matches sense 1: "a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)" - examples: "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks". But that is for building blocks, not specifically toy blocks, but it is the general sense of a solid piece. Sense 3: "a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides" (cube) - that is a geometric shape, but not necessarily a toy block. However, a child's toy block is often a cube. But sense 1 is more about a piece, often building material, while children's toy blocks are also solid pieces. The example in sense 1 is about stone blocks, not toys. However, the definition says "a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)" - that could apply to a toy block. Sense 3 is specifically "cube" (three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides). A child's toy block is often a cube, but the word "block" in that context is more about a solid piece, not just a geometric shape. In WordNet, "block" as a toy is probably sense 1, because it's a physical object. Let's check if there's a specific sense for a child's toy: not explicitly. So sense 1 is the best fit: a solid piece, like a block. Sense 3 is more abstract, a geometric shape. The context says "toy block", so it's a physical object. Sense 1: "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks" - that's a similar solid piece. So I'd choose sense 1.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: toss
Target surface form: tossed
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being <t>tossed</t>. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=toss%2:35:04:: | definition=throw or toss with a light motion | synonyms=flip, sky, pitch | examples=flip me the beachball; toss me newspaper
2. sense_key=toss%2:38:00:: | definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | synonyms=flip | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin!
3. sense_key=toss%2:35:05:: | definition=throw carelessly | synonyms=chuck | examples=chuck the ball
4. sense_key=toss%2:38:01:: | definition=move or stir about violently | synonyms=convulse, thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash | examples=The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed
5. sense_key=toss%2:40:00:: | definition=throw or cast away | synonyms=discard, fling, toss out, toss away, chuck out, cast aside | examples=Put away your worries
6. sense_key=toss%2:35:00:: | definition=agitate | examples=toss the salad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: toss
Target surface form: tossed
Context:
11:59 p.m. JKD: I was in my favorite watering hole, waiting for the game to start. I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being <t>tossed</t>. 12:06 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=toss%2:35:04:: | definition=throw or toss with a light motion | synonyms=flip, sky, pitch | examples=flip me the beachball; toss me newspaper
2. sense_key=toss%2:38:00:: | definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | synonyms=flip | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin!
3. sense_key=toss%2:35:05:: | definition=throw carelessly | synonyms=chuck | examples=chuck the ball
4. sense_key=toss%2:38:01:: | definition=move or stir about violently | synonyms=convulse, thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash | examples=The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed
5. sense_key=toss%2:40:00:: | definition=throw or cast away | synonyms=discard, fling, toss out, toss away, chuck out, cast aside | examples=Put away your worries
6. sense_key=toss%2:35:00:: | definition=agitate | examples=toss the salad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 6. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "toss" and target form "tossed" in context: "...the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being <t>tossed</t>." The context describes an earthquake shaking a building violently. The simile is to a child's toy block being tossed. The action is violent shaking, up and down.

We need to choose the best sense among six options. Let's evaluate each:

1. sense_key=toss%2:35:04:: | definition=throw or toss with a light motion | synonyms=flip, sky, pitch | examples=flip me the beachball; toss me newspaper. This is a light throw, not violent shaking.

2. sense_key=toss%2:38:00:: | definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | synonyms=flip | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin! This is about flipping a coin, not violent movement.

3. sense_key=toss%2:35:05:: | definition=throw carelessly | synonyms=chuck | examples=chuck the ball. This is a careless throw, still a throw, not violent shaking.

4. sense_key=toss%2:38:01:: | definition=move or stir about violently | synonyms=convulse, thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash | examples=The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed. This sense captures violent movement, thrashing. It fits the context: the building shaking violently, like a toy block being tossed (i.e., shaken or moved violently). The child might be tossing the block around roughly.

5. sense_key=toss%2:40:00:: | definition=throw or cast away | synonyms=discard, fling, toss out, toss away, chuck out, cast aside | examples=Put away your worries. This is about discarding, not violent movement.

6. sense_key=toss%2:35:00:: | definition=agitate | examples=toss the salad. This is about mixing ingredients, not violent shaking in the context of an earthquake.

Clearly, sense 4 is the best: "move or stir about violently". The building shakes violently, and the child's toy block being tossed implies rough, violent movement, not a gentle throw. The synonyms like "thrash" and "convulse" align with the shaking building.

Thus, the answer is sense_index

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: library
Target surface form: library
Context:
I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main <t>library</t> when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=library%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where books are kept | examples=they had brandy in the library
2. sense_key=library%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing
3. sense_key=library%1:06:00:: | definition=a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study | synonyms=depository library
4. sense_key=library%1:14:01:: | definition=(computing) a collection of standard programs and subroutines that are stored and available for immediate use | synonyms=program library, subroutine library
5. sense_key=library%1:06:02:: | definition=a building that houses a collection of books and other materials

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "library" and a context. The context is: "I was in the Berkeley Main <t>library</t> when it hit." The target surface form is "library". The candidate senses are provided with definitions and examples. We need to choose the best indexed sense. The senses are given with sense keys but we only need to output the index (1-5) in a JSON object.

Let's analyze the context: The speaker is in the "Berkeley Main library" when an earthquake hits. They are inside a building. The word "library" here refers to a physical place, a building where books and other materials are kept. The phrase "Berkeley Main library" likely refers to the main library building on the UC Berkeley campus. So we need a sense that refers to a building that houses a collection of books.

Now, examine the candidate senses:
1. "a room where books are kept" - this is a room, not necessarily a whole building. Example: "they had brandy in the library" suggests a room in a house. But "Berkeley Main library" is not just a room, it's a building.
2. "a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing" - this is the abstract collection, not a physical location. Saying "I was in the Berkeley Main collection" doesn't fit.
3. "a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study" with synonym "depository library". This sounds like a building or place specifically built to house books. However, the definition says "built to contain books", emphasizing the construction. It's a bit formal but seems to refer to a building.
4. "(computing) a collection of standard programs..." - clearly not.
5. "a building that houses a collection of books and other materials" - this directly says "a building". That perfectly fits "Berkeley Main library" as a building.

Sense 3 and 5 are similar. Sense 3 says "a depository built to contain books" - could be a building. Sense 5 explicitly says "a building". Let's check the examples: Sense 3 has no example. Sense 5 has no example listed? The provided senses are:
1. sense_key=library%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where books are kept | examples=they had brandy in the library
2. sense_key=library%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing
3. sense_key=library%1:06:00:: | definition=a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study | synonyms=depository library
4. sense_key=library%1:14:01:: | definition=(computing) a collection of standard programs and subroutines that are stored and available for immediate use | synonyms=program library, subroutine library
5. sense_key=library%1:06:02:: | definition=a building that houses a collection of books and other materials

None of them show examples for 3 and 5. We need to use context. "Berkeley Main library" is a specific building. Sense 5 is straightforward: a building that houses a collection. Sense 3 might also be a building but uses the word "depository", which is less common. But in WordNet, the sense indexing often has finer distinctions. Which one is more commonly used for a public library building? Typically, WordNet might distinguish between the room sense (1), the building sense (5), and the collection sense (2). Sense 3 might be a more generic "depository" sense, but without examples, it's harder.

Looking at the sense keys: library%1:06:00:: - the 06 might indicate an artifact or building? library%1:06:01:: (room), library%1:06:00:: (depository), library%1:06:02:: (building). So 3 and 5 are both likely building-related, but 5 is explicitly "a building". In many WordNet versions, the building sense is distinct from the room sense. Given that the context says "in the Berkeley Main library", it's a building. I'd lean toward sense 5.

But to be thorough, consider if sense 3 could also apply. Usually, when someone says "I was in the library", they mean the building. And "Berkeley Main library" is the name of a building. So sense 5 is the best match.

Thus, the index is 5.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hit
Target surface form: hit
Context:
I felt the temblor begin and glanced at the table next to mine, smiled that guilty smile and we both mouthed the words, "Earth-quake! "together. That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it <t>hit</t>. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hit%2:35:03:: | definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. sense_key=hit%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. sense_key=hit%2:35:00:: | definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. sense_key=hit%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. sense_key=hit%2:33:01:: | definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. sense_key=hit%2:40:05:: | definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. sense_key=hit%2:33:02:: | definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. sense_key=hit%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. sense_key=hit%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. sense_key=hit%2:41:00:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. sense_key=hit%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. sense_key=hit%2:38:07:: | definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. sense_key=hit%2:35:02:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. sense_key=hit%2:34:00:: | definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. sense_key=hit%2:33:03:: | definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. sense_key=hit%2:32:12:: | definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." Target lemma: hit, surface form: hit. Context: "I was in the Berkeley Main library when it <t>hit</t>." The "it" refers to the earthquake. So an earthquake hit. We need to choose from the list of candidate senses.

Let's examine the senses:

1. cause to move by striking (hit a ball) - not applicable.
2. hit against; come into sudden contact with (strike, impinge on, run into, collide with) - example: The car hit a tree. Could be used metaphorically for an earthquake hitting? But earthquake doesn't physically collide like a car.
3. deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument - not, earthquake isn't a person dealing a blow.
4. reach a destination (We hit Detroit by noon) - earthquake isn't reaching a destination in that sense.
5. affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely (synonyms: strike; examples: We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer). This seems perfect: an earthquake hitting is an adverse sudden affliction. "hit" here means to affect suddenly and adversely, like "struck by an earthquake."
6. hit with a missile from a weapon - no.
7. encounter by chance - no.
8. gain points in a game - no.
9. cause to experience suddenly (Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her) - This is close, but it's about causing someone to experience a feeling or idea. The earthquake caused the building to shake, but the sentence "it hit" means the earthquake occurred/struck. Sense 5 is specifically about adverse affliction, which fits natural disasters.
10. make a strategic, offensive assault - no.
11. kill intentionally - no.
12. drive something violently into a location - no.
13. reach a point in time, or a certain state or level - no.
14. produce by manipulating keys - no.
15. consume to excess - no.
16. hit the intended target or goal - no.
17. pay unsolicited sexual attention - no.

Comparing sense 5 and sense 9: Sense 5: affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely. Synonyms: strike. Examples: "We were hit by really bad weather" - that's analogous to being hit by an earthquake. Sense 9: cause to experience suddenly, like "Panic struck me" - this is often used with an object that is a person experiencing something. In the sentence "when it hit", the "it" is the earthquake, and "hit" is intransitive or used with no direct object, or the object is understood as the location? Actually, the sentence: "I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit." Here "it" is the earthquake, and "hit" is used intransitively, meaning the earthquake struck. This is common: "The earthquake hit at 6 AM." This usage falls under the sense of "strike" in the sense of affecting a place suddenly and adversely. WordNet sense 5 is defined as "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely", with examples "We were hit by really bad weather". It can be used without an object: "The storm hit." So sense 5 is the best.

Sense 4 is "reach a destination", but that's not the same. Sense 13 is "reach a point in time or level", not that.

Therefore, the best sense index is 5.

The answer should be a JSON object: {"sense_index": 5}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: endless
Target surface form: Endless
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. <t>Endless</t> seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:long:02 | definition=tiresomely long; seemingly without end | synonyms=eternal, interminable | examples=endless debates; an endless conversation
2. sense_key=endless%5:00:02:infinite:00 | definition=infinitely great in number | examples=endless waves
3. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:infinite:00 | definition=having no known beginning and presumably no end | synonyms=dateless, sempiternal | examples=the dateless rise and fall of the tides; time is endless
4. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:continuous:01 | definition=having the ends united so as to form a continuous whole | examples=an endless chain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma "endless", target surface form "Endless". Context: a description of an earthquake experience. The phrase: "Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." The meaning is that the seconds felt like they lasted forever, tiresomely long, seemingly without end. Let's check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:long:02 | definition=tiresomely long; seemingly without end | synonyms=eternal, interminable | examples=endless debates; an endless conversation
2. sense_key=endless%5:00:02:infinite:00 | definition=infinitely great in number | examples=endless waves
3. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:infinite:00 | definition=having no known beginning and presumably no end | synonyms=dateless, sempiternal | examples=the dateless rise and fall of the tides; time is endless
4. sense_key=endless%5:00:00:continuous:01 | definition=having the ends united so as to form a continuous whole | examples=an endless chain

The context: "Endless seconds wondering..." means the seconds felt interminable, tiresomely long. This matches sense 1. Sense 2 is about infinite number, like endless waves (countless). Sense 3 is about timelessness, no beginning or end, like time itself is endless. Sense 4 is about a physical loop, like a chain. So clearly sense 1 is best. The instruction: return JSON with sense_index. So {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: second
Target surface form: seconds
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless <t>seconds</t> wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=second%1:28:00:: | definition=1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites | synonyms=sec, s
2. sense_key=second%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, minute, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=second%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the second of the bases in the infield | synonyms=second base
4. sense_key=second%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, minute, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
5. sense_key=second%1:24:00:: | definition=following the first in an ordering or series | examples=he came in a close second
6. sense_key=second%1:23:00:: | definition=a 60th part of a minute of arc | synonyms=arcsecond | examples=the treasure is 2 minutes and 45 seconds south of here
7. sense_key=second%1:18:00:: | definition=the official attendant of a contestant in a duel or boxing match
8. sense_key=second%1:10:00:: | definition=a speech seconding a motion | synonyms=secondment, endorsement, indorsement | examples=do I hear a second?
9. sense_key=second%1:06:00:: | definition=the gear that has the second lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle | synonyms=second gear | examples=he had to shift down into second to make the hill
10. sense_key=second%1:06:01:: | definition=merchandise that has imperfections; usually sold at a reduced price without the brand name | synonyms=irregular

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "seconds" in the given context. The target lemma is "second" and the surface form is "seconds". The context describes someone being in a library during an earthquake, and they mention "Endless <t>seconds</t> wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." So the word refers to a duration of time, specifically the time spent waiting and wondering.

Now, review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=second%1:28:00:: | definition=1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites | synonyms=sec, s
2. sense_key=second%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, minute, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=second%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the second of the bases in the infield | synonyms=second base
4. sense_key=second%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, minute, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
5. sense_key=second%1:24:00:: | definition=following the first in an ordering or series | examples=he came in a close second
6. sense_key=second%1:23:00:: | definition=a 60th part of a minute of arc | synonyms=arcsecond | examples=the treasure is 2 minutes and 45 seconds south of here
7. sense_key=second%1:18:00:: | definition=the official attendant of a contestant in a duel or boxing match
8. sense_key=second%1:10:00:: | definition=a speech seconding a motion | synonyms=secondment, endorsement, indorsement | examples=do I hear a second?
9. sense_key=second%1:06:00:: | definition=the gear that has the second lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle | synonyms=second gear | examples=he had to shift down into second to make the hill
10. sense_key=second%1:06:01:: | definition=merchandise that has imperfections; usually sold at a reduced price without the brand name | synonyms=irregular

The context clearly uses "seconds" to refer to units of time, as the person is waiting and wondering how long it will take for the windows to buckle. "Endless seconds" suggests a very long time, each second feeling like an eternity. Which sense fits? Sense 1 defines the precise unit of time: 1/60 of a minute. Sense 2 defines an indefinitely short time, like "wait a moment". Sense 4 defines a particular point in time, like "the moment he arrived". Here, "endless seconds" indicates the duration as a series of seconds, each a unit, but collectively an indefinite but elongated period. The phrase "endless seconds" emphasizes the subjective length of time, each second dragging. So the word "seconds" is still referring to the basic unit of time (sense 1), but the context uses it figuratively to convey a long, painful wait. Sense 2 is "an indefinitely short time", but "endless seconds" is about actual seconds stretching indefinitely, not just a short moment. If you said "wait a second", that might use sense 2. But here "seconds" is plural and described as "endless", meaning many of those units. Thus sense 1 is the most literal and correct. Sense 2 is more like "moment" and often used in singular or phrases like "in a second". The exact phrase "endless seconds" makes me think they are countable units, not a vague short moment. So I'll select sense 1.

Check the examples: sense 1 has synonyms sec, s. This is the standard unit of time. Sense 2 examples are "wait just a moment; in a mo", which is more casual. So for "seconds" in this context, sense 1 is best.

Thus the answer should be {"sense_index":


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wonder
Target surface form: wondering
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds <t>wondering</t> if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wonder%2:31:00:: | definition=have a wish or desire to know something | synonyms=inquire, enquire | examples=He wondered who had built this beautiful church
2. sense_key=wonder%2:32:01:: | definition=place in doubt or express doubtful speculation | synonyms=question | examples=I wonder whether this was the right thing to do; she wondered whether it would snow tonight
3. sense_key=wonder%2:32:12:: | definition=be amazed at | synonyms=marvel | examples=We marvelled at the child's linguistic abilities

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation on "wonder" as "wondering" in the context. The context: "Endless seconds <t>wondering</t> if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." So the person is in a library during an earthquake, and they are spending endless seconds in a state of wondering whether the windows would buckle. "Wondering if" typically means having a doubt or speculation about something. It's not about desiring to know something (sense 1: inquire) or being amazed (sense 3: marvel). It's about questioning or speculating. Sense 2: "place in doubt or express doubtful speculation" fits perfectly: "I wonder whether this was the right thing to do; she wondered whether it would snow tonight." So index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: window
Target surface form: windows
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge <t>windows</t> would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=window%1:06:00:: | definition=a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air
2. sense_key=window%1:06:01:: | definition=a transparent opening in a vehicle that allow vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened
3. sense_key=window%1:06:02:: | definition=a transparent panel (as of an envelope) inserted in an otherwise opaque material
4. sense_key=window%1:17:00:: | definition=an opening that resembles a window in appearance or function | examples=he could see them through a window in the trees
5. sense_key=window%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period that is considered best for starting or finishing something | examples=the expanded window will give us time to catch the thieves; they had a window of less than an hour when an attack would have succeeded
6. sense_key=window%1:06:04:: | definition=a pane of glass in a window | synonyms=windowpane | examples=the ball shattered the window
7. sense_key=window%1:06:05:: | definition=an opening in a wall or screen that admits light and air and through which customers can be served | examples=he stuck his head in the window
8. sense_key=window%1:06:03:: | definition=(computer science) a rectangular part of a computer screen that contains a display different from the rest of the screen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the target "windows" in the given context. The context is about being in a library during an earthquake, wondering if the huge windows would buckle and shower glass. The target is plural "windows". Let's evaluate each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=window%1:06:00:: | definition=a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air. This sense refers to the whole window unit including the frame. The context says "huge windows" in a library reading room, likely large architectural windows. They worry about them buckling and showering glass. That suggests the entire window structure, not just the pane. But note that sense 6 is "pane of glass", which might be more directly the glass part that could shatter. However, "windows" here likely refer to the whole window, but the fear is about the glass. Still, "window" as a whole unit is a common sense. The definition says "contains a glass windowpane". In a library, large windows would be these frameworks. The context: "wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass" — "buckle" suggests the frame could bend, and then the glass would shower. So it's the entire window that might buckle, including frame and glass. So sense 1 is plausible.

2. sense_key=window%1:06:01:: | definition=a transparent opening in a vehicle that allow vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened. This is vehicle-specific. Not applicable.

3. sense_key=window%1:06:02:: | definition=a transparent panel (as of an envelope) inserted in an otherwise opaque material. Not applicable.

4. sense_key=window%1:17:00:: | definition=an opening that resembles a window in appearance or function | examples=he could see them through a window in the trees. Not applicable.

5. sense_key=window%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period that is considered best for starting or finishing something. Not applicable.

6. sense_key=window%1:06:04:: | definition=a pane of glass in a window | synonyms=windowpane | examples=the ball shattered the window. This sense specifically refers to the glass pane. The example "the ball shattered the window" aligns with the idea of glass shattering. In context, they talk about windows buckling and showering glass. Could "windows" here mean the glass panes specifically? Often, when we say "the window shattered", we mean the glass pane. However, the phrase "huge windows" in a building context typically refers to the entire window unit, not just the pane. But WordNet has both senses. The example "the ball shattered the window" for sense 6 shows that "window" can be used synonymously with windowpane. In the library, they are concerned about glass showering, so they might be thinking of the glass pane itself. But the verb "buckle" suggests the whole structure might warp. If the window frame buckles, the glass may break. So it could be interpreted as the whole window. However, note that the WordNet sense 6 is specifically "a pane of glass in a window", i.e., the glass part. The definition says "pane of glass in a window", so it's the glass. The synonyms include "windowpane". So if someone says "the window broke", they often mean the glass. In this context, they are specifically worried about glass showering. So it's plausible that "windows" here refers to the glass panes. But the building has "huge windows" — they likely mean the architectural windows that are large, which include frames and panes. In many contexts, "window" can refer to the whole unit with the glass. Sense 1 includes a glass windowpane. So there's overlap. Let's see which is more specific to the context. The fear is the glass breaking. They say "shower us with glass." They aren't worried about the frame itself, but about the glass. So the relevant part is the glass. However, the target is "windows". If they meant only the glass, they might have said "windowpanes" but they said "windows". In common usage, "window" often refers to the entire assembly. Sense 1 is the most common sense. Sense 6 is a meronym, actually, the pane is part of the window. But WordNet distinguishes them. The instruction says: use context, synonyms, and examples. Sense 6 example: "the ball shattered the window" — here "window" clearly means the glass. Similarly, in the library, they are concerned about shattering. So sense 6 might be appropriate.

But let's check the context again: "... wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." The subject "windows" is doing two things: buckle and shower us with glass. Buckling is something the whole window structure might do; glass doesn't buckle, it shatters. So "windows" buckling implies the frame or entire unit bending. Then it might cause the glass to shower. So the window as a whole unit is buckling. Therefore, sense 1 is more appropriate because it includes the frame and the glass. Sense 6 is just the glass pane, which wouldn't buckle. So I'd lean towards sense 1.

Sense 1 definition: "a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air." That framework can buckle. So it fits perfectly: huge windows in a library reading room, with glass panes. So I choose sense 1.

Sense 6 might be used metonymically, but the verb "buckle" suggests the frame, not just the glass. Thus, sense 1 is better.

Therefore, the answer is sense_index 1.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: buckle
Target surface form: buckle
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would <t>buckle</t> and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=buckle%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with a buckle or buckles | synonyms=clasp
2. sense_key=buckle%2:35:01:: | definition=fold or collapse | synonyms=crumple | examples=His knees buckled
3. sense_key=buckle%2:30:00:: | definition=bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat | synonyms=heave, warp | examples=The highway buckled during the heat wave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: buckle
Target surface form: buckle
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would <t>buckle</t> and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=buckle%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with a buckle or buckles | synonyms=clasp
2. sense_key=buckle%2:35:01:: | definition=fold or collapse | synonyms=crumple | examples=His knees buckled
3. sense_key=buckle%2:30:00:: | definition=bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat | synonyms=heave, warp | examples=The highway buckled during the heat wave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "buckle" in the given context. The target is the verb "buckle" in "if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." The context describes an earthquake: building shaking violently, windows possibly buckling. The senses: 1. fasten with a buckle; 2. fold or collapse (like knees buckling); 3. bend out of shape under pressure or heat (like highway buckling). In the context, windows buckling would mean they bend or warp under pressure, possibly breaking and showering glass. Sense 3 fits: "bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat" with examples like "The highway buckled during the heat wave." That matches the windows possibly warping during the shaking. Sense 2 (fold or collapse) could apply if the windows collapse inward, but the example says "shower us with glass," implying they break, not just fold. Sense 3 is about bending out of shape, which could lead to shattering. So I choose sense 3.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shower
Target surface form: shower
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and <t>shower</t> us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shower%2:40:00:: | definition=expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns | synonyms=lavish | examples=He was showered with praise
2. sense_key=shower%2:35:00:: | definition=spray or sprinkle with | examples=The guests showered rice on the couple
3. sense_key=shower%2:29:00:: | definition=take a shower; wash one's body in the shower | examples=You should shower after vigorous exercise
4. sense_key=shower%2:43:00:: | definition=rain abundantly | synonyms=shower down | examples=Meteors showered down over half of Australia
5. sense_key=shower%2:34:12:: | definition=provide abundantly with | examples=He showered her with presents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "shower" in the given context. The sentence is: "Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and <t>shower</t> us with glass." This is from a description of an earthquake, where the speaker is in a library and worried about the windows. The verb "shower" here is used transitively: the windows might buckle and shower us with glass. So, it means the glass would fall or be scattered onto them, like a shower of glass. From the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns (synonyms=lavish). Example: "He was showered with praise." This is metaphorical, often with abstract nouns like praise, but it can also be used with concrete things like presents. However, in the context, "shower us with glass" is literal, glass fragments falling.

2. sense 2: spray or sprinkle with. Example: "The guests showered rice on the couple." This is literal sprinkling of something (like rice, confetti) onto people. It fits well: the windows would break and glass shards would spray or sprinkle onto them.

3. sense 3: take a shower; wash one's body. This is intransitive and reflexive. Not applicable.

4. sense 4: rain abundantly. Synonyms: shower down. Example: "Meteors showered down over half of Australia." This is intransitive, meaning to fall like rain. In the sentence, "shower us with glass" is transitive (shower someone with something), so this sense is intransitive and doesn't fit the structure. You could say "glass showered down on us," but here it's "shower us with glass," so it's a different sense.

5. sense 5: provide abundantly with. Example: "He showered her with presents." This is very similar to sense 1, but sense 1 says "also used with abstract nouns" while sense 5 seems more concrete. However, the example is with presents. The synonyms? Sense 5 doesn't have synonyms listed. Both sense 1 and 5 involve giving abundantly. But in our context, it's not about providing or giving, it's about the glass falling onto people. It's more like sense 2 (spray or sprinkle) because it's a physical scattering of particles.

Sense 2: spray or sprinkle with. That is exactly what happens: glass shards spray down like a shower. The example "The guests showered rice on the couple" is analogous: they sprinkled rice. Here, the glass would shower on them. The pattern "shower someone with something" or "shower something on someone" is used. The context says "shower us with glass" -> shower someone with something. This pattern is also used for sense 1 and 5 (He showered her with presents; showered with praise). But sense 2 is specifically "spray or sprinkle", which captures the physical, particulate nature of glass shards. Notice sense 2's definition: "spray or sprinkle with". It is the most literal and appropriate for something like glass shards falling.

Thus, the best index is sense 2.

We must return JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: glass
Target surface form: glass
Context:
That's usually how long it takes for the temblors to pass. This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with <t>glass</t>. Only a few books fell in the reading room.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=glass%1:27:00:: | definition=a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure
2. sense_key=glass%1:06:00:: | definition=a container for holding liquids while drinking | synonyms=drinking glass
3. sense_key=glass%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity a glass will hold | synonyms=glassful
4. sense_key=glass%1:06:03:: | definition=a small refracting telescope | synonyms=field glass, spyglass
5. sense_key=glass%1:06:01:: | definition=an amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine) used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used as a stimulant to the nervous system and as an appetite suppressant | synonyms=methamphetamine, methamphetamine hydrochloride, Methedrine, meth, deoxyephedrine, chalk
6. sense_key=glass%1:06:02:: | definition=a mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror | synonyms=looking glass
7. sense_key=glass%1:06:04:: | definition=glassware collectively | examples=She collected old glass

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "glass" in the given context. The context: "Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass." So, the target is "glass" in the sense of material from windows breaking. Among the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=glass%1:27:00:: | definition=a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure → This is the material glass, like window glass.
2. sense_key=glass%1:06:00:: | definition=a container for holding liquids while drinking → drinking glass.
3. sense_key=glass%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity a glass will hold → glassful.
4. sense_key=glass%1:06:03:: | definition=a small refracting telescope → field glass, spyglass.
5. sense_key=glass%1:06:01:: | definition=an amphetamine derivative → meth.
6. sense_key=glass%1:06:02:: | definition=a mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror → looking glass.
7. sense_key=glass%1:06:04:: | definition=glassware collectively → e.g., "She collected old glass."

Clearly, the context refers to window glass shattering, so sense 1 is the correct material sense. The "shower us with glass" implies fragments of broken glass, which matches sense 1.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: books
Context:
This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few <t>books</t> fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "book", surface form "books", and a context where the narrator is in a library during an earthquake. Only a few "books" fell in the reading room. The context is clearly about physical books in a library, as they are physical objects that can fall. The candidate senses include sense 2: "physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together" with synonyms "volume" and examples "he used a large book as a doorstop". This fits perfectly: books falling in a library. Other senses like written work (1) are also plausible but the physical object sense is more specific to the context of objects falling. Sense 1 is more about the content. Since the context is about physical books falling, sense 2 is the best.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fall
Target surface form: fell
Context:
This time, it just got stronger and then the building started shaking violently up and down as though it were a child's toy block that was being tossed. 12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books <t>fell</t> in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fall%2:38:03:: | definition=descend in free fall under the influence of gravity | examples=The branch fell from the tree; The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse
2. sense_key=fall%2:38:00:: | definition=move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way | synonyms=descend, go down, come down | examples=The temperature is going down; The barometer is falling
3. sense_key=fall%2:30:08:: | definition=pass suddenly and passively into a state of body or mind | examples=fall into a trap; She fell ill
4. sense_key=fall%2:42:03:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=come | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
5. sense_key=fall%2:43:00:: | definition=fall from clouds | synonyms=precipitate, come down | examples=rain, snow and sleet were falling; Vesuvius precipitated its fiery, destructive rage on Herculaneum
6. sense_key=fall%2:41:02:: | definition=suffer defeat, failure, or ruin | examples=We must stand or fall; fall by the wayside
7. sense_key=fall%2:42:00:: | definition=die, as in battle or in a hunt | examples=Many soldiers fell at Verdun; Several deer have fallen to the same gun
8. sense_key=fall%2:42:04:: | definition=touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly | synonyms=shine, strike | examples=Light fell on her face; The sun shone on the fields
9. sense_key=fall%2:40:05:: | definition=be captured | examples=The cities fell to the enemy
10. sense_key=fall%2:30:00:: | definition=occur at a specified time or place | examples=Christmas falls on a Monday this year; The accent falls on the first syllable
11. sense_key=fall%2:30:06:: | definition=decrease in size, extent, or range | synonyms=decrease, diminish, lessen | examples=The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester; The cabin pressure fell dramatically
12. sense_key=fall%2:41:01:: | definition=yield to temptation or sin | examples=Adam and Eve fell
13. sense_key=fall%2:41:00:: | definition=lose office or power | examples=The government fell overnight; The Qing Dynasty fell with Sun Yat-sen
14. sense_key=fall%2:40:03:: | definition=to be given by assignment or distribution | examples=The most difficult task fell on the youngest member of the team; The onus fell on us
15. sense_key=fall%2:38:01:: | definition=move in a specified direction | examples=The line of men fall forward
16. sense_key=fall%2:42:02:: | definition=be due | examples=payments fall on the 1st of the month
17. sense_key=fall%2:41:15:: | definition=lose one's chastity | examples=a fallen woman
18. sense_key=fall%2:40:12:: | definition=to be given by right or inheritance | examples=The estate fell to the oldest daughter
19. sense_key=fall%2:40:09:: | definition=come into the possession of | synonyms=accrue | examples=The house accrued to the oldest son
20. sense_key=fall%2:40:08:: | definition=fall to somebody by assignment or lot | synonyms=light | examples=The task fell to me; It fell to me to notify the parents of the victims
21. sense_key=fall%2:40:13:: | definition=be inherited by | synonyms=return, pass, devolve | examples=The estate fell to my sister; The land returned to the family
22. sense_key=fall%2:38:11:: | definition=slope downward | examples=The hills around here fall towards the ocean
23. sense_key=fall%2:38:15:: | definition=lose an upright position suddenly | synonyms=fall down | examples=The vase fell over and the water spilled onto the table; Her hair fell across her forehead
24. sense_key=fall%2:38:14:: | definition=drop oneself to a lower or less erect position | examples=She fell back in her chair; He fell to his knees
25. sense_key=fall%2:35:00:: | definition=fall or flow in a certain way | synonyms=hang, flow | examples=This dress hangs well; Her long black hair flowed down her back
26. sense_key=fall%2:30:11:: | definition=assume a disappointed or sad expression | examples=Her face fell when she heard that she would be laid off; his crest fell
27. sense_key=fall%2:30:14:: | definition=be cast down | examples=his eyes fell
28. sense_key=fall%2:30:10:: | definition=come out; issue | examples=silly phrases fell from her mouth
29. sense_key=fall%2:30:09:: | definition=be born, used chiefly of lambs | examples=The lambs fell in the afternoon
30. sense_key=fall%2:30:12:: | definition=begin vigorously | examples=The prisoners fell to work right away
31. sense_key=fall%2:30:15:: | definition=go as if by falling | examples=Grief fell from our hearts
32. sense_key=fall%2:30:13:: | definition=come as if by falling | synonyms=descend, settle | examples=Night fell; Silence fell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the lemma "fall", surface form "fell", and context: "Only a few books <t>fell</t> in the reading room." This is after an earthquake description: building shaking, wondering if windows would buckle, then "Only a few books fell in the reading room." So books falling likely from shelves due to shaking. The sense should capture books moving downward, typically off shelves, under gravity. The most straightforward sense is sense_key=fall%2:38:03::, definition "descend in free fall under the influence of gravity", examples "The branch fell from the tree; The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse." Books falling from a shelf clearly fits this. Sense 1 (index 1) is that. Sense 23 is "lose an upright position suddenly" with example "The vase fell over", which might fit if books were standing and fell over, but "fell" in context likely means they dropped from shelves, so "descend in free fall" is more precise. Sense 2 is "move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way", but that's more general. However, note that the books are in a reading room, likely on shelves. The earthquake causes a few books to fall off. The example "The branch fell from the tree" parallels "books fell from the shelves". So sense 1 is best. Other senses like "decrease" etc. don't fit. So answer index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: paint
Target surface form: paint
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto <t>paint</t> shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=paint%1:06:00:: | definition=a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating | synonyms=pigment | examples=artists use `paint' and `pigment' interchangeably
2. sense_key=paint%1:15:00:: | definition=(basketball) a space (including the foul line) in front of the basket at each end of a basketball court; usually painted a different color from the rest of the court | synonyms=key | examples=he hit a jump shot from the top of the key; he dominates play in the paint
3. sense_key=paint%1:06:01:: | definition=makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks | synonyms=rouge, blusher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "paint" in context: "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air." Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=paint%1:06:00:: | definition=a substance used as a coating (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating | synonyms=pigment | examples=artists use `paint' and `pigment' interchangeably
2. sense_key=paint%1:15:00:: | definition=(basketball) a space (including the foul line) in front of the basket at each end of a basketball court; usually painted a different color from the rest of the court | synonyms=key | examples=he hit a jump shot from the top of the key; he dominates play in the paint
3. sense_key=paint%1:06:01:: | definition=makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks | synonyms=rouge, blusher

In the context, "auto paint shop" clearly refers to a shop that deals with paint for automobiles, i.e., the coating substance. Sense 1 is exactly that: a substance used as a coating. Sense 2 is a basketball term. Sense 3 is makeup. So sense 1 is correct.

Now, the answer must be a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}, but with the appropriate index. So for sense 1, index is 1. Note: the candidate senses are numbered 1,2,3. So output {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shop
Target surface form: shop
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint <t>shop</t> fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shop%1:06:00:: | definition=a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services | synonyms=store | examples=he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod
2. sense_key=shop%1:06:01:: | definition=small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done | synonyms=workshop
3. sense_key=shop%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of instruction in a trade (as carpentry or electricity) | synonyms=shop class | examples=I built a birdhouse in shop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "shop" in the given context. The context is: "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air." The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=shop%1:06:00:: | definition=a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services | synonyms=store | examples=he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod
2. sense_key=shop%1:06:01:: | definition=small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done | synonyms=workshop
3. sense_key=shop%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of instruction in a trade (as carpentry or electricity) | synonyms=shop class | examples=I built a birdhouse in shop

We need to choose the best indexed sense. The context mentions "auto paint shop fire". An auto paint shop is a place where painting of automobiles is done, likely a workplace where manufacturing or repair (painting) happens. That aligns with sense 2: small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done. Sense 1 is a retail store, which doesn't fit because an auto paint shop is not primarily a retail establishment; it's a service/repair shop. Sense 3 is a course of instruction, which is clearly not the case here. So sense 2 is the best match.

Output: {"sense_index": 2}