[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: favor
Target surface form: favor
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to <t>favor</t> Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=favor%2:41:00:: | definition=promote over another | synonyms=prefer, favour | examples=he favors his second daughter
2. sense_key=favor%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as the favorite | synonyms=favour | examples=The local team was favored
3. sense_key=favor%2:41:01:: | definition=treat gently or carefully | synonyms=favour
4. sense_key=favor%2:41:03:: | definition=bestow a privilege upon | synonyms=privilege, favour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "favor" in the context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." The target word is "favor" as a verb. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: promote over another, synonyms: prefer, favour. Example: "he favors his second daughter" - meaning to show preference for someone over another.
2. sense 2: consider as the favorite. Synonyms: favour. Example: "The local team was favored" - meaning to be expected to win.
3. sense 3: treat gently or carefully. Synonyms: favour. This seems like a more physical or gentle handling sense.
4. sense 4: bestow a privilege upon. Synonyms: privilege, favour. Meaning to grant an advantage or special treatment.

In the context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." This means voters show a preference for Republicans in presidential races compared to congressional races. They support or prefer Republicans more in that context. It aligns with sense 1: promote over another, prefer. The example "he favors his second daughter" parallels this: showing preference. Sense 2 is about being considered the favorite to win, but here the voters are the ones doing the favoring, not merely considering them favorites. It's an active preference. Sense 3 doesn't fit. Sense 4 is about bestowing a privilege, which could be loosely interpreted as giving support, but the primary meaning here is preference. Sense 1 is exactly "prefer" which is the most straightforward. So the best sense is sense 1.

Thus, answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republicans
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor <t>Republicans</t> more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. sense_key=republican%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. sense_key=republican%1:17:00:: | definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "republican", surface form "Republicans" in the context. The context is about U.S. politics, discussing GOP (Republican Party) congressional and presidential elections. The target appears in: "voters tend to favor <t>Republicans</t> more in races for president than in those for Congress." Clearly, "Republicans" refers to members of the Republican Party. Sense 1: "a member of the Republican Party" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about an advocate of a republic, not relevant here. Sense 3 is about a river, definitely not. So the best sense index is 1. Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: race
Target surface form: races
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in <t>races</t> for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=race%1:11:01:: | definition=any competition | examples=the race for the presidency
2. sense_key=race%1:11:00:: | definition=a contest of speed | examples=the race is to the swift
3. sense_key=race%1:14:00:: | definition=people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock | examples=some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings
4. sense_key=race%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species | synonyms=subspecies
5. sense_key=race%1:19:00:: | definition=the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller | synonyms=slipstream, airstream, backwash, wash
6. sense_key=race%1:06:00:: | definition=a canal for a current of water | synonyms=raceway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "race" with surface form "races" in the context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." The candidate senses are:

1. race%1:11:01:: | definition=any competition | examples=the race for the presidency
2. race%1:11:00:: | definition=a contest of speed | examples=the race is to the swift
3. race%1:14:00:: | definition=people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock
4. race%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species | synonyms=subspecies
5. race%1:19:00:: | definition=the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller | synonyms=slipstream, airstream, backwash, wash
6. race%1:06:00:: | definition=a canal for a current of water | synonyms=raceway

Context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." Here, "races" refers to electoral competitions, i.e., contests for political office. Sense 1 is "any competition" with the example "the race for the presidency" — that matches perfectly. Sense 2 is a contest of speed, which doesn't fit. The others are irrelevant. So sense_index is 1.

Thus, the JSON is: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for <t>president</t> than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a sentence with the target word "president" in the context of political races: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." The discussion is about presidential elections and congressional races, comparing voting patterns. The context clearly refers to the office of the President of the United States, as it mentions "presidential election year," "White House," and "major-party popular vote for president." The candidate senses include sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government" and sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state." Sense 2 is about the person (e.g., "the President likes to jog"), while sense 6 is about the office (e.g., "a President is elected every four years"). In the phrase "races for president," "president" refers to the office being contested, not a specific person. So it aligns more with sense 6, the office. However, note that sense 6 is defined as "the office of the United States head of state" and the examples are "a President is elected every four years." In "races for president," it's the race for that office. Sense 2 is the person who holds the office. The context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." Here, "president" is the position or office they are voting for. It's similar to saying "the presidency." Therefore, sense 6 fits better. But let's check: sense 6 has synonyms "President of the United States, Chief Executive" and the example "a President is elected every four years" matches the idea of an election for the office. Sense 2 is about the individual. Since it says "races for president," we're talking about the office. So the best index is 6.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presidential
Target surface form: presidential
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every <t>presidential</t> election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presidential%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to a president or presidency | examples=presidential aides; presidential veto
2. sense_key=presidential%3:00:00:: | definition=befitting a president | examples=criticized the candidate for not looking presidential

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "presidential" and target surface form "presidential" in a context. The context discusses presidential elections, candidates, and the pattern of ticket splitting. The word is used in the phrase "presidential election" and also in other phrases like "presidential candidate", "presidential aides" (in the gloss example for sense 1), but the specific highlighted instance is: "In every <t>presidential</t> election over the past half century..." So the word modifies "election". We need to choose between two senses:

Sense 1: relating to a president or presidency (examples: presidential aides, presidential veto)
Sense 2: befitting a president (example: criticized the candidate for not looking presidential)

The context is clearly about elections for the president, i.e., presidential elections as elections relating to the presidency. There's no connotation of "befitting a president" in the sense of looking or acting presidential. It's simply an attribution: election for president. So sense 1 is correct. The examples in sense 1 include "presidential aides" and "presidential veto", which are about the office of the president, exactly how "presidential election" is about the election for that office. Sense 2 is about the quality of being like a president, which is not the meaning here. So choose sense 1.

Now return JSON with {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: election
Target surface form: election
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential <t>election</t> over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=election%1:04:01:: | definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight
2. sense_key=election%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession
3. sense_key=election%1:26:00:: | definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election
4. sense_key=election%1:09:00:: | definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "election" in the given context. The context is: "In every presidential <t>election</t> over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage..." The target is "election" in the phrase "presidential election". Clearly, this refers to the event where people vote for the president. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=election%1:04:01:: | definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight

2. sense_key=election%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession

3. sense_key=election%1:26:00:: | definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election

4. sense_key=election%1:09:00:: | definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

The context is clearly about voting for a political office (president). Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a vote to select the winner of a position or political office". Sense 2 is more general, about deliberate choice, not specifically voting. Sense 3 is about the state of being elected, not the event. Sense 4 is theological. So the best is sense 1.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the <t>past</t> half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%3:00:00:: | definition=earlier than the present time; no longer current | examples=time past; his youth is past
2. sense_key=past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 | definition=of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office | synonyms=preceding, retiring | examples=a retiring member of the board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "past" in the given context. The target is the word "past" in the phrase "over the past half century" and specifically in "over the <t>past</t> half century". The context discusses political trends over the last 50 years. The word "past" here is an adjective modifying "half century", meaning the most recent half century leading up to the present.

Now look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%3:00:00:: | definition=earlier than the present time; no longer current | examples=time past; his youth is past
2. sense_key=past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 | definition=of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office | synonyms=preceding, retiring | examples=a retiring member of the board

Clearly, sense 2 is about a person retiring from a position. The context is not about a person; it's about a time period. Sense 1 fits perfectly: "earlier than the present time; no longer current" and the example "time past" aligns with "past half century". Therefore, the correct index is 1.

Now, format the JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presidential
Target surface form: presidential
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater <t>presidential</t> candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presidential%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to a president or presidency | examples=presidential aides; presidential veto
2. sense_key=presidential%3:00:00:: | definition=befitting a president | examples=criticized the candidate for not looking presidential

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the lemma "presidential" in the given context. The target surface form is also "presidential". The context is: "In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater <t>presidential</t> candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage..." So the target word is "presidential" modifying "candidacy" in "Goldwater presidential candidacy". This clearly refers to a candidacy for the presidency, relating to a president or presidency. Sense 1 definition: "relating to a president or presidency" with examples "presidential aides; presidential veto". Sense 2 definition: "befitting a president" with example "criticized the candidate for not looking presidential". In the context, "presidential candidacy" means a candidacy for the presidency, so it is relational, not about befitting. Thus, sense 1 is the correct one. Return JSON with sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: percentage
Target surface form: percentage
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater <t>percentage</t> of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=percentage%1:24:00:: | definition=a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred) | synonyms=percent, per centum, pct
2. sense_key=percentage%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, part | examples=he wanted his share in cash

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "percentage" in the given context. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=percentage%1:24:00:: | definition=a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred) | synonyms=percent, per centum, pct
2. sense_key=percentage%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, part | examples=he wanted his share in cash

The context is: "In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater <t>percentage</t> of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress."

Here, "percentage" refers to the proportion of the popular vote. It's clearly about a numerical proportion, likely expressed as a percent. Sense 1 fits this exactly: "a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)". Sense 2 is about assets or shares belonging to someone, which doesn't fit the context of votes. So the best sense is sense 1.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the <t>major</t> - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "major" in the given context. The target is part of the phrase "major-party popular vote". We need to select the best sense from the provided list.

Let's examine the context: "the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress." The term "major-party" refers to the two main political parties, typically the Democratic and Republican parties in the US. Here, "major" describes the party as one of the significant, primary parties. It is not about academic study (sense 4), musical scale (sense 5), seriousness/danger (sense 6), legal age (sense 7), or elder of two boys (sense 8).

The remaining senses are:
1. of greater importance or stature or rank
2. greater in scope or effect
3. greater in number or size or amount

In "major-party", it's a compound adjective meaning the main or primary parties. This aligns with sense 1: "of greater importance or stature or rank". A major party is one that has high importance or rank in the political system. Sense 2 ("greater in scope or effect") might be possible but it's more about the effect rather than inherent rank. Sense 3 ("greater in number or size or amount") is about quantity; a "major party" is not necessarily larger in number (though they are large), but the term refers to their status as principal parties. The examples for sense 1 include "a major artist" and "a major role", which are analogous: a major party is like a major player. Sense 2 examples are "a major contribution" or "a major improvement" — these emphasize impact, but the party itself is not an effect; it's an entity of high stature. Sense 3's example "a major portion" refers to a majority share, that's more quantitative. In politics, "major party" is a fixed term meaning one of the dominant parties, so sense 1 is most appropriate.

Thus, I'll select sense 1.

The output should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - <t>party</t> popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "party" in the sentence: "the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - <t>party</t> popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress."

Let's analyze the context. The article is about politics, elections, voters choosing candidates of different parties for president vs. Congress. The target word "party" appears in the phrase "major - <t>party</t> popular vote". The hyphen likely indicates a phrase like "major-party popular vote" meaning the popular vote for the major political parties. In the context, "party" clearly refers to a political party. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Sense 1 matches exactly: "an organization to gain political power" with synonym "political party". The example even mentions "third party" in a political context. So sense_index should be 1.

Thus, the JSON response should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: popular
Target surface form: popular
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party <t>popular</t> vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=popular%3:00:00:: | definition=regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public | examples=a popular tourist attraction; a popular girl
2. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large | examples=the popular vote; popular representation
3. sense_key=popular%5:00:01:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=democratic | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement
4. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:nonclassical:00 | definition=(of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people) | synonyms=pop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "popular" and target surface form "popular". The context: "... the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party <t>popular</t> vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress." Note: The text says "<t>popular</t> vote" – so the word in context is "popular vote". The context discusses elections, votes, specifically "popular vote for president" and "popular vote for Congress". So "popular vote" refers to the total number of votes cast by the public, as opposed to electoral college votes or legislative seats.

Now, examine candidate senses:

Sense 1: popular%3:00:00:: | definition=regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public | examples=a popular tourist attraction; a popular girl. This sense is an adjective meaning liked by many people. Not appropriate for "popular vote", because "popular vote" doesn't mean "vote that is well-liked"; it's a technical term.

Sense 2: popular%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large | examples=the popular vote; popular representation. This sense directly includes "the popular vote" as an example. It means relating to the general public, particularly in a democratic context. This is the correct sense.

Sense 3: popular%5:00:01:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=democratic | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement. This sense means something like "for the common people", often in terms of art or movement. Not the fixed phrase "popular vote".

Sense 4: popular%5:00:00:nonclassical:00 | definition=(of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people) | synonyms=pop. Obviously not the context.

Thus, the best sense is sense 2, with the definition and example exactly matching.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular <t>vote</t> for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "vote", surface form "vote", and a context sentence. We need to choose the best sense from five candidate senses, returning only a JSON object with the sense_index.

Context: "In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular <t>vote</t> for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress."

The target is "vote" within the phrase "popular vote for president". The context is talking about voting patterns, percentages of votes. "Popular vote" typically refers to the total number of votes cast by the general public in an election. The phrase "popular vote for president" means the aggregate votes cast for presidential candidates. So "vote" here likely refers to the choice made by counting people in favor (sense 1) or the total number of voters (sense 5)? Let's examine candidate senses:

1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

In the context, "popular vote" refers to the total number of votes cast, not a single individual choice. "Percentage of the major-party popular vote for president" means the share of the total votes. So it's about counting all the votes together. Sense 5 is "the total number of voters who participated", with synonym "voter turnout". That seems close: "popular vote" often means the aggregate count of all votes. Sense 1 is about individual choices, but "vote" here is used as a mass noun? The phrase is "percentage of the popular vote", which suggests the total vote count or the overall voting result. Looking at WordNet: sense 1 is about a countable choice (there were only 17 votes...). Sense 2 is about the opinion of a group as determined by voting, e.g., "they put the question to a vote" – that's more like a decision-making process. Sense 5 explicitly says "the total number of voters who participated", but is that the same as "popular vote"? Usually, "popular vote" means the total number of votes cast for candidates, which might be the sum of votes, not just number of voters (voter turnout). However, sense 5's example: "they are expecting a large vote" – that's like expecting many voters. But "popular vote" might be better captured by the idea of the aggregate opinion? Let's think: In politics, "popular vote" refers to the total vote count nationwide. That is essentially the sum of all votes, which is a choice made by counting. Sense 1 is "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor", which could be the outcome of an election. But the examples are about individual votes: "there were only 17 votes in favor" – that is a count of individual votes. When we talk about "the popular vote", it is the total number of votes cast. So maybe sense 1 is close, but it's countable (there were only 17 votes). "Popular vote" is uncountable? Actually, "vote" can be both: "the popular vote" is a singular noun phrase. It could be interpreted as the total number of votes, which is sense 5: "the total number of voters who participated" – but is it about voters or votes? Sense 5's definition says "the total number of voters who participated", with example "they are expecting a large vote" meaning high turnout. However, "popular vote" often refers to the aggregate of votes cast, not just the number of voters (since one voter might not vote, but in the US, it's typically one vote per voter, so total votes equals total voters who voted). So it's essentially the same. Sense 5 is explicitly about the total number, which fits "popular vote" as a single number. Sense 1 is about an individual choice counted. In the context, the GOP captured a greater percentage of the popular vote. That percentage is of the total number of votes. So "vote" here refers to the total number. That is sense 5. But let's check the synonyms: sense 5 has "voter turnout". That is a metric. In political discourse, "the popular vote" is often contrasted with "the electoral vote", and it refers to the nationwide total of votes cast. So sense 5 is the best match.

Sense 4 is about a bloc: "the Black vote". Not applicable. Sense 3 is the right to vote. Not applicable. Sense 2 is the opinion as determined by voting, like a decision by a group, e.g., "they put the question to a vote". That's more about the act of voting on a specific question. Not the total count in an election. So sense 5 is most appropriate.

Thus, I select sense_index 5.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for <t>president</t> than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to determine the correct word sense for "president" in the given context. The context discusses elections, the White House, presidential candidates, and the popular vote for president. The target appears in the sentence: "the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress."

The options:
1. president%1:18:01:: (executive officer of a firm or corporation)
2. president%1:18:04:: (the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government)
3. president%1:18:00:: (the chief executive of a republic)
4. president%1:18:03:: (the officer who presides at meetings)
5. president%1:18:02:: (the head administrative officer of a college or university)
6. president%1:04:04:: (the office of the United States head of state)

The context: "the popular vote for president" – this clearly refers to the election of the president of the United States. It's about the office or the candidate in a presidential election. Sense 2 is about the person who holds the office of head of state of the U.S. government. Sense 6 is about the office itself. The phrase "vote for president" typically means the vote for the person who will be president, but it could also refer to the office. However, the phrase "popular vote for president" is common in U.S. election discourse, and it means the vote for the presidential candidate. On the other hand, sense 3 "the chief executive of a republic" is more general, but the context is specifically U.S. politics. Sense 2 gives synonyms: President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive, and an example: "the President likes to jog every morning." It's about the person. Sense 6 is about the office: "a President is elected every four years." In the sentence, "vote for president" – can we vote for an office? Typically we vote for a candidate for the office. But the phrase "vote for president" is idiomatic and refers to the election for the position. I'd say sense 2 seems more direct: the person. But the target word is "president" in the phrase "popular vote for president". If I replace with sense 2: "popular vote for the person who holds the office of head of state" – that's odd. It's more like "popular vote for the office of president" or "for the presidential candidate". However, in WordNet, sense 2 is the person, sense 6 is the office. The context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." That is "races for president" – the position. But the specific occurrence is "popular vote for president". I think sense 6 might fit well: the office. Let's examine the gloss for sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state". Example: "a President is elected every four years." That seems exactly right for "vote for president" – you vote for the office. Also, note that sense 2 is the person, and it often is used with "the" President. Here it's "for president" without an article, more like the office. Sense 3 is too general; the context is specifically the U.S. So between 2 and 6, sense 6 seems better: the office. Sense 2 is the actual individual. The phrase "vote for president" implies a vote for the candidate to fill the office, but the word sense is the office. Consider: "He ran for president." That means he ran for the office of president. Similarly, "vote for president" means vote for the office. So I'd select sense 6.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 6}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seat
Target surface form: seats
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional <t>seats</t> or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seat%1:15:01:: | definition=a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane) | synonyms=place | examples=he booked their seats in advance; he sat in someone else's place
2. sense_key=seat%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
3. sense_key=seat%1:06:01:: | definition=furniture that is designed for sitting on | examples=there were not enough seats for all the guests
4. sense_key=seat%1:06:00:: | definition=any support where you can sit (especially the part of a chair or bench etc. on which you sit) | examples=he dusted off the seat before sitting down
5. sense_key=seat%1:15:00:: | definition=a center of authority (as a city from which authority is exercised)
6. sense_key=seat%1:15:02:: | definition=the location (metaphorically speaking) where something is based | examples=the brain is said to be the seat of reason
7. sense_key=seat%1:07:00:: | definition=the legal right to sit as a member in a legislative or similar body | examples=he was elected to a seat in the Senate
8. sense_key=seat%1:06:03:: | definition=a part of a machine that supports or guides another part
9. sense_key=seat%1:06:02:: | definition=the cloth covering for the buttocks | examples=the seat of his pants was worn through

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "seats" in the given context. The context is about political elections, mentioning "congressional seats". The phrase is "the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress." So here "seats" refers to positions in Congress. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=seat%1:15:01:: definition: a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane). Not relevant.
2. sense_key=seat%1:08:00:: definition: buttocks. Not relevant.
3. sense_key=seat%1:06:01:: definition: furniture that is designed for sitting on. Not relevant.
4. sense_key=seat%1:06:00:: definition: any support where you can sit. Not relevant.
5. sense_key=seat%1:15:00:: definition: a center of authority (as a city from which authority is exercised). Could be metaphorical but not about congressional seats.
6. sense_key=seat%1:15:02:: definition: the location (metaphorically speaking) where something is based. Not about elections.
7. sense_key=seat%1:07:00:: definition: the legal right to sit as a member in a legislative or similar body. Example: "he was elected to a seat in the Senate". This matches perfectly: "congressional seats" means positions in Congress. So this is the correct sense.
8. sense_key=seat%1:06:03:: definition: a part of a machine. Not relevant.
9. sense_key=seat%1:06:02:: definition: cloth covering. Not relevant.

Therefore, sense index 7 is the best.

Response: {"sense_index":

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: popular
Target surface form: popular
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the <t>popular</t> vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=popular%3:00:00:: | definition=regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public | examples=a popular tourist attraction; a popular girl
2. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large | examples=the popular vote; popular representation
3. sense_key=popular%5:00:01:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=democratic | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement
4. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:nonclassical:00 | definition=(of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people) | synonyms=pop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "popular" in the given context. The context is: "In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress." The target is "popular" in the phrase "popular vote for Congress". We need to choose the best indexed sense among the four provided.

Sense 1: "regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public" with examples "a popular tourist attraction; a popular girl". This sense refers to something that is liked or approved by many people. In the context, "popular vote" refers to the vote cast by the general populace, not necessarily something that is liked. So this sense is unlikely.

Sense 2: "carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large" with examples "the popular vote; popular representation". This sense directly mentions "popular vote" as an example. It describes something done by or for the people, which fits "popular vote" meaning the vote by the people. This seems very appropriate.

Sense 3: "representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large" with synonyms "democratic" and examples "democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement". This sense is about representation or benefit of the people, like a movement. It could apply to "popular vote", but sense 2 is more directly about the vote itself.

Sense 4: "of music or art new and of general appeal (especially among young people)" with synonym "pop". This is obviously incorrect for a political context.

The context is about elections, congressional seats, and the popular vote. "Popular vote" is a standard term meaning the vote of the citizens. Sense 2 explicitly includes "the popular vote" as an example, so it is the best fit.

Thus, we choose sense index 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular <t>vote</t> for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "vote" in the context. The context: "the popular <t>vote</t> for Congress". This is about election results: "the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress." Here, "popular vote" means the total number of votes cast by the populace, as opposed to seats. So "vote" refers to the total number of votes, the aggregate count of individual votes. Let's check the senses:

1. "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" - this is about an individual's vote or the act of voting, but the example "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion" focuses on the count, but it's more about the choices made. The definition says "a choice", so it emphasizes the selection. In the context, "popular vote" is the total sum of votes, not a singular choice. Could be close, but likely not perfect.

2. "the opinion of a group as determined by voting" - example: "they put the question to a vote" - this is more about the act of voting or the outcome. Not about the numerical total.

3. "a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment..." - right to vote, suffrage. Not applicable.

4. "a body of voters who have the same interests" - e.g., "the Black vote" - this is a group of voters. Not applicable here.

5. "the total number of voters who participated" - synonyms: voter turnout. Example: "they are expecting a large vote". This is about the number of people who voted. In the context, "popular vote" refers to the total number of votes cast for a party's candidates. So sense 5 fits: the total number of voters who participated, i.e., the aggregate vote count. "Popular vote" is essentially the total number of votes cast for a candidate or party. Sense 5's definition "the total number of voters who participated" aligns. The example "they are expecting a large vote" also uses vote as a mass noun meaning turnout. Here, "the popular vote for Congress" is the total number of votes for congressional candidates. So sense 5 is the best match.

Sense 1 could be considered, but it's more about individual choices (plural: "votes") rather than the aggregate total. The phrase "popular vote" is a mass noun, not countable choices. Sense 5 is explicitly about the total number. Therefore, sense_index 5.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opposite
Target surface form: opposite
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the <t>opposite</t>. What accounts for the results of recent decades?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opposite%1:10:00:: | definition=a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other | synonyms=antonym, opposite word | examples=to him the antonym of `gay' was `depressed'
2. sense_key=opposite%1:24:03:: | definition=a relation of direct opposition | synonyms=reverse, contrary | examples=we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true
3. sense_key=opposite%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opponent
4. sense_key=opposite%1:24:04:: | definition=something inverted in sequence or character or effect | synonyms=inverse | examples=when the direct approach failed he tried the inverse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about political ticket-splitting, and the target lemma is "opposite" in the sentence: "Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the <t>opposite</t>."

Let's examine the context carefully. The paragraph discusses how in recent decades, voters tend to favor Republicans more in presidential races than in congressional races. It says: "In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite."

So the "pattern" refers to the comparative performance: before 1932, the pattern was the reverse of what it has been in recent decades. That is, before 1932, perhaps the GOP did not do better in presidential races compared to congressional races, or the opposite was true (maybe Democrats had that pattern, or the GOP did worse in presidential races). In any case, the meaning is that the relationship was directly opposite, reversed, contrary to the recent pattern.

Now let's check the candidate senses:

1. antonym: a word that expresses a meaning opposed to another word. This is about lexical antonyms (like hot/cold). The context is not about words being antonyms; it's about political patterns being the reverse. So sense 1 doesn't fit.

2. a relation of direct opposition: "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true." This fits perfectly: the pattern was the reverse, contrary to what came later. Synonyms: reverse, contrary. This is exactly the usage here: "the pattern was nearly the opposite" meaning nearly the reverse relation.

3. a contestant you are matched against: opponent. This is about a person or team in a competition. Not applicable to a political pattern.

4. something inverted in sequence or character or effect: inverse. "when the direct approach failed he tried the inverse." This could also fit, but "inverse" often implies a mathematical or logical inversion. Sense 2 ("reverse, contrary") is more directly about opposition of facts/relations. In context, "opposite" is used to describe the prior historical pattern being the reverse of the modern one. That's exactly the "reverse" sense, which is sense 2.

We need to pick the single best. Sense 2 is clearly the most direct: a relation of direct opposition. The examples given: "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true" — that's a direct opposition of a belief vs. reality. Here, the pattern is being contrasted as opposite/reverse to the modern pattern.

Thus, sense_index 2 is correct.

Let's output JSON with {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: account_for
Target surface form: accounts for
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What <t>accounts for</t> the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=account_for%2:42:00:: | definition=be the reason or explanation for | examples=The recession accounts for the slow retail business
2. sense_key=account_for%2:32:00:: | definition=give reasons for | examples=Can you account for all these absences?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: account_for, surface form: accounts for. Context: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" The candidate senses:

1. sense_key=account_for%2:42:00:: | definition=be the reason or explanation for | examples=The recession accounts for the slow retail business
2. sense_key=account_for%2:32:00:: | definition=give reasons for | examples=Can you account for all these absences?

We need to choose the best indexed sense. The context is a question: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" It means: What explains or is the reason for the results? So sense 1 fits: "be the reason or explanation for". Sense 2 is about giving reasons (like explaining your actions), as in "Can you account for all these absences?" meaning explain them. In the context, it's asking for the cause or explanation of the results, so sense 1 is correct. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the <t>results</t> of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "results" in the context: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" The context discusses voting patterns, where in recent decades, there is a split where voters favor Republicans more in presidential races than in congressional races, leading to a certain outcome. "Results" here refers to the observed phenomenon or outcome of this split-ticket voting pattern.

Now, let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business

2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book

3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio

4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

The context is asking "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" Here, "results" likely means the outcomes or the phenomena observed, i.e., the fact that there is a split in voting patterns. This aligns with sense 1: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" – the results (the split-ticket voting) are a consequence of something. Sense 3: "something that results" is very similar, but sense 3's example "he listened for the results on the radio" suggests a more specific outcome, like election results or scores. However, the definition says "something that results" with synonyms "resultant, final result, outcome, termination". Both senses 1 and 3 are plausible. But note: sense 1 emphasizes a phenomenon that is caused by something, while sense 3 is just something that results. In this context, "results" refers to the voting behavior pattern, which is a phenomenon. The phrase "accounts for the results" suggests an explanation for this observed pattern. I'd lean towards sense 1 because it explicitly mentions "phenomenon" and the context is an observed pattern. Sense 3 might be more about a specific outcome of an event, like "the results of the election" meaning who won. Here, it's not about the election winners but the pattern of split-ticket voting. The phrase "results of recent decades" implies the pattern that has been occurring. So, sense 1 seems better. Sense 2 is about a solution, not applicable. Sense 4 is a semantic role, not applicable.

Thus, I'll pick sense 1.

But wait: The example for sense 3: "he listened for the results on the radio" – that's about specific outcomes like scores. But sense 1's example is about "consequences for business". The phrase "accounts for the results" is asking for an explanation of the phenomenon, so it fits "effect" or "consequence". Sense 1 seems the most appropriate.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of <t>recent</t> decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "recent" in the context: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" The target lemma is "recent", surface form "recent". Candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

In context: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" Here, "recent decades" refers to the decades just preceding the present time. The text mentions "over the past half century" and then "Prior to 1932..." and then asks about "recent decades". So it's about the immediate past decades relative to the time of writing (which seems to be after 1948, maybe around the late 20th century). The sense "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time" fits well. Sense 1 "new" would not be appropriate because it's not about new decades, but about the past ones. The examples: "recent graduates" (sense 1 new) versus "a late development" (sense 2). In the context, "recent decades" is similar to "late developments" in the sense of happening in the immediate past. So sense 2 is correct.

Thus, choose sense index 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent <t>decades</t>? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target word "decade" (surface form "decades") in a context discussing election patterns over time. The context says: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" This clearly refers to a period of time, specifically multiple periods of ten years (recent decades). The word "decades" plural fits the first sense: a period of 10 years. The second sense is about the number 10 or a tenner, which doesn't make sense in this context. So the correct sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A <t>simple</t> economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "simple" and context: "A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation...". We need to choose the best sense from the provided list.

Let's analyze the context. The sentence says: "A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation..." The word "simple" is modifying "economic theory". It suggests that the theory is not complex, perhaps easy to understand, or straightforward. It doesn't refer to botanical leaf shapes, or childlike simplicity, or mental capacity, or unornamented (though that could be a stretch). The most relevant senses are those related to complexity: sense 1 (having few parts; not complex) and sense 2 (easy and not involved or complicated). Sense 3 (apart from anything else, bare, mere) might also fit, as in "a mere economic theory", but that seems less likely. Typically, when we say "a simple theory", we mean it is not complex or complicated. The examples for sense 1: "a simple problem; simple mechanisms" and sense 2: "an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson". Both could work. However, note that sense 2 is defined as "easy and not involved or complicated" with synonyms "elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic". Sense 1 is "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved". There is a subtle difference: sense 1 emphasizes structural simplicity (few parts), while sense 2 emphasizes ease of understanding. In the context, "simple economic theory" likely means a theory that is not complicated, easy to grasp. But both are very close. The WordNet sense key for sense 1 is simple%3:00:02:: (adjective, all senses), and sense 2 is simple%5:00:00:easy:01 (pertainym to easy). Typically, in WSD, we look at the examples. The example "a simple problem" is given for sense 1, and "elementary problem in statistics" for sense 2. The phrase "simple economic theory" could be seen as a theory that is not complex (sense 1) or easy to understand (sense 2). But the context says "may provide at least a partial explanation", which suggests it's a straightforward theory, not necessarily that it has few parts. Often, "simple" in such contexts means "uncomplicated, easy to understand". I'd lean towards sense 2 because it emphasizes ease and lack of complication. Sense 1 is more about physical or structural simplicity (few parts). However, note that sense 2 is a pertainym, meaning it's derived from "easy". But both are valid. Let's check the other senses: sense 3 "bare, mere" would be like "only the bare facts" – that doesn't fit because a theory isn't typically "bare" in that sense. Sense 4 "childlike simplicity" is not about theories. Sense 5 "lacking mental capacity" is derogatory. Sense 6 "botany" not applicable. Sense 7 "unornamented" might fit in some contexts, like "a simple country schoolhouse", but for a theory, it's not about ornamentation.

Thus, between sense 1 and sense 2, the more appropriate is sense 2 because it specifically includes "not involved or complicated" and is defined as "easy". The example "an elementary problem in statistics" is similar to an elementary economic theory. Actually, "elementary" is a synonym. The phrase "simple economic theory" often means a basic, uncomplicated theory. So sense 2 seems best.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: partial
Target surface form: partial
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a <t>partial</t> explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=partial%5:00:00:incomplete:00 | definition=being or affecting only a part; not total | examples=a partial description of the suspect; partial collapse
2. sense_key=partial%3:00:01:: | definition=showing favoritism
3. sense_key=partial%5:00:00:inclined:02 | definition=(followed by `of' or `to') having a strong preference or liking for | synonyms=fond | examples=fond of chocolate; partial to horror movies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to select the best sense for "partial" in the given context. The context: "A simple economic theory may provide at least a <t>partial</t> explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth." Here, "partial explanation" means an explanation that is not complete, only covering part of the phenomenon. So the sense is "being or affecting only a part; not total". That matches sense 1. Sense 2 is "showing favoritism", not appropriate. Sense 3 is "having a strong preference or liking for", also not appropriate. So the answer is sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}