[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: index
Target surface form: index
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's <t>index</t>. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=index%1:24:00:: | definition=a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number
2. sense_key=index%1:10:01:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index number, indicant, indicator
3. sense_key=index%1:10:02:: | definition=a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself | synonyms=exponent, power
4. sense_key=index%1:10:00:: | definition=an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
5. sense_key=index%1:08:00:: | definition=the finger next to the thumb | synonyms=index finger, forefinger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "index" with surface form "index" in the given context. The context mentions "Michigan University's index" which refers to a confidence index (consumer sentiment index). It's an economic indicator, a numerical scale derived from observed facts. The senses provided:

1. sense_key=index%1:24:00:: | definition=a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number
2. sense_key=index%1:10:01:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index number, indicant, indicator
3. sense_key=index%1:10:02:: | definition=a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself | synonyms=exponent, power
4. sense_key=index%1:10:00:: | definition=an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
5. sense_key=index%1:08:00:: | definition=the finger next to the thumb | synonyms=index finger, forefinger

The context clearly refers to an economic indicator, the Michigan University's consumer confidence index. This is a numerical scale derived from survey data. Sense 2 fits perfectly: "a number or ratio derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time" with synonyms "index number, indicant, indicator". Sense 1 is also a numerical scale, but sense 2 is more specific to economic indicators. However, both could apply, but we need the single best. The examples provided? Not provided, but the synonyms "indicator" match "economic indicators" mentioned earlier in the text. So sense 2 is the best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: index
Target surface form: indices
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The <t>indices</t> have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=index%1:24:00:: | definition=a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number
2. sense_key=index%1:10:01:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index number, indicant, indicator
3. sense_key=index%1:10:02:: | definition=a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself | synonyms=exponent, power
4. sense_key=index%1:10:00:: | definition=an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
5. sense_key=index%1:08:00:: | definition=the finger next to the thumb | synonyms=index finger, forefinger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "indices" (lemma "index") in the given context. We have five candidate senses. We need to choose the best one based on the context and the definitions provided.

Let's analyze the context: The text discusses the market, economic indicators, retail sales, consumer confidence, and mentions "Michigan University's index". Then it says "The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar..." So, "indices" is plural of "index", referring to something like economic or market indices. It refers to the market trends or indicators.

Candidate senses:
1. Sense 1: "a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number". This seems plausible for economic indices, like the Michigan University's index of consumer sentiment, an index that measures something on a scale.
2. Sense 2: "a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time" with synonyms: index number, indicant, indicator. This is very similar to sense 1, but emphasizes being derived from observed facts and revealing changes over time. It mentions "economic indicators" in the context. The phrase "better than expected economic indicators" appears just before the mention of "Michigan University's index". Then "The indices have, however, been slowed..." refers back to market indices? The text says "the indices" right after talking about the Michigan University's index. It might be referring to multiple such indices. Sense 2 specifically calls out "index number, indicant, indicator", which aligns with "economic indicators". Sense 1 is more generic: a numerical scale. Both 1 and 2 could work, but we need to see which is more precise. WordNet sense 2 has the example: "an index number is a measure of relative change". The context uses "index" to refer to a specific economic indicator (Michigan University's index). So sense 2 seems more appropriate, as it explicitly mentions derived from observed facts and revealing relative changes, which matches the economic context. Sense 1 is too broad: any numerical scale, like a scale in a test. Sense 2 is the economic indicator sense.
3. Sense 3: exponent, power in math. Not relevant.
4. Sense 4: alphabetical listing in a book. Not relevant.
5. Sense 5: finger. Not relevant.

So it's between sense 1 and 2. Let's check the definitions carefully. Sense 1: "a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number". That could include an index like the Consumer Price Index, which is a numerical scale. Sense 2: "a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time". It emphasizes derivation from facts and time series, which is typical of economic indices. Often the WordNet sense for "index" in economics is sense 2. For example, "index number" is a standard term in economics. The synonyms "indicant, indicator" also fit the context where they mention "economic indicators". The phrase "better than expected economic indicators" includes "indicators", and then they talk about a specific index. So sense 2 is the best match.

Thus, I'll choose sense 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: WandB

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rise
Target surface form: rise
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed <t>rise</t> of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rise%1:11:00:: | definition=a growth in strength or number or importance
2. sense_key=rise%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of changing location in an upward direction | synonyms=ascent, ascension, ascending
3. sense_key=rise%1:17:00:: | definition=an upward slope or grade (as in a road) | synonyms=ascent, acclivity, raise, climb, upgrade | examples=the car couldn't make it up the rise
4. sense_key=rise%1:11:02:: | definition=a movement upward | synonyms=rising, ascent, ascension | examples=they cheered the rise of the hot-air balloon
5. sense_key=rise%1:07:02:: | definition=the amount a salary is increased | synonyms=raise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase | examples=he got a 3% raise; he got a wage hike
6. sense_key=rise%1:07:01:: | definition=the property possessed by a slope or surface that rises | synonyms=upgrade, rising slope
7. sense_key=rise%1:11:01:: | definition=a wave that lifts the surface of the water or ground | synonyms=lift
8. sense_key=rise%1:11:03:: | definition=(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost | synonyms=emanation, procession | examples=the emanation of the Holy Spirit; the rising of the Holy Ghost
9. sense_key=rise%1:07:03:: | definition=an increase in cost | synonyms=boost, hike, cost increase | examples=they asked for a 10% rise in rates
10. sense_key=rise%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=advance | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Target lemma: rise" and given context. We must choose best indexed sense from list. The target surface form is "rise", it appears in context: "The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed <t>rise</t> of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro..." So it's about the dollar's rise, meaning an increase in value or upward movement in the currency exchange rate. Looking at senses:

1. sense 1: "a growth in strength or number or importance" – that could apply, but it's vague.
2. sense 2: "the act of changing location in an upward direction" – literal movement, not appropriate.
3. sense 3: "an upward slope or grade" – not.
4. sense 4: "a movement upward" – could be, but likely too general.
5. sense 5: salary increase – no.
6. sense 6: property of a slope – no.
7. sense 7: wave – no.
8. sense 8: theological – no.
9. sense 9: an increase in cost – specifically about cost, but dollar rise is increase in value, not cost.
10. sense 10: "increase in price or value" with synonym "advance" and example: "the news caused a general advance on the stock market". That fits perfectly: the dollar's rise is an increase in its value (exchange rate). So sense index 10 is the most precise.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 10}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dollar
Target surface form: dollar
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the <t>dollar</t>, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dollar%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents
2. sense_key=dollar%1:21:00:: | definition=a piece of paper money worth one dollar | synonyms=dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam
3. sense_key=dollar%1:21:01:: | definition=a United States coin worth one dollar | examples=the dollar coin has never been popular in the United States
4. sense_key=dollar%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol of commercialism or greed | synonyms=dollar mark, dollar sign | examples=he worships the almighty dollar; the dollar sign means little to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to find the best indexed sense for the word "dollar" in the given context. The context is about financial markets, the US dollar's value against the Euro, and its impact on market sectors. The target word appears in: "a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro". So clearly, it's referring to the US dollar as a currency, specifically its exchange rate. The senses:
1. basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents. That seems plausible: it's the currency unit itself, not a specific coin or bill.
2. a piece of paper money worth one dollar (dollar bill).
3. a United States coin worth one dollar.
4. a symbol of commercialism or greed.

Given the context, "rise of the dollar" refers to the currency's value strengthening against the Euro. That's a monetary unit, not a specific coin or bill, and not a symbol of greed. So sense 1 is correct: the basic monetary unit. Sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: high
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month <t>high</t> against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%1:07:00:: | definition=a lofty level or position or degree | examples=summer temperatures reached an all-time high
2. sense_key=high%1:26:00:: | definition=an air mass of higher than normal pressure | examples=the east coast benefits from a Bermuda high
3. sense_key=high%1:26:02:: | definition=a state of sustained elation | examples=I'm on a permanent high these days
4. sense_key=high%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics | examples=they took drugs to get a high on
5. sense_key=high%1:15:00:: | definition=a high place | synonyms=heights | examples=they stood on high and observed the countryside; he doesn't like heights
6. sense_key=high%1:14:00:: | definition=a public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12 | synonyms=senior high school, senior high, highschool | examples=he goes to the neighborhood highschool
7. sense_key=high%1:06:00:: | definition=a forward gear with a gear ratio that gives the greatest vehicle velocity for a given engine speed | synonyms=high gear

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "high" in the sentence: "The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month <t>high</t> against the Euro..." Here "high" refers to a high level or point reached by the dollar compared to the Euro. This is a financial context: a new two-month high means the highest level in two months. So it's about a lofty level or degree. Sense 1 fits: "a lofty level or position or degree" with example "summer temperatures reached an all-time high". This matches the usage. The other senses don't fit: sense 2 is a meteorological high pressure system; sense 3 is a state of elation; sense 4 is drug-induced; sense 5 is a high place; sense 6 is a school; sense 7 is a gear. So best is sense

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward <t>pressure</t> on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The target is "pressure" in the sentence: "...which 'puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation'..."

The context is financial/economic: discussing market trends, dollar rise, and its effect on sectors. The phrase "downward pressure" is a common economic term meaning a force that tends to drive prices or values down. It's not physical pressure, not atmospheric, not somatic, not an act of pressing, not a state of demanding attention, not an oppressive condition of distress. It is a metaphorical force that compels or influences. The sense 2: "a force that compels" with example "the public brought pressure to bear on the government" fits best. The economic context uses "pressure" figuratively to mean an influence or force that pushes something down. So sense 2.

Check other senses: 1 is physical force per unit area, not applicable. 3 is act of pressing, not. 4 is state of demanding notice, not. 5 somatic sensation, no. 6 oppressive condition, not exactly; it's about a market force. 7 atmospheric pressure, no.

Thus, sense_index = 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the <t>sectors</t> that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "sectors" in the given context. The context is from a financial news article. The target is "sectors" in the phrase: "the <t>sectors</t> that are sensitive to the economic situation". The context mentions market, trading volumes, economic indicators, retail sales, consumer confidence, dollar, euro, and technology securities. The candidate senses are:

1. Geometry: plane figure bounded by two radii and arc.
2. Social group forming part of society or economy (e.g., public sector).
3. Particular aspect of life or activity (synonym: sphere) (e.g., he was helpless in an important sector of his life).
4. Computing: minimum track length for storing information.
5. Military: portion of a military position.
6. Measuring instrument.

The context clearly refers to economic or financial sectors. Sense 2: "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy" with example "the public sector" fits perfectly. The phrase "sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation" means parts of the economy, like technology sector, etc. Sense 3 is about aspects of life, which is more abstract and personal, not fitting the economic context. The example for sense 3 is "he was helpless in an important sector of his life" – that's about a domain of activity, not an economic sector. In the context, they are talking about market sectors, like technology securities. So sense 2 is the best. Sense 3 might overlap, but it's defined as "a particular aspect of life or activity", which is broader and not specifically economic. Given the financial context, sense 2 is more precise.

Thus, the chosen sense index is 2.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: situation
Target surface form: situation
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic <t>situation</t>", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=situation%1:26:00:: | definition=the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; ; ; - Franklin D.Roosevelt | synonyms=state of affairs | examples=the present international situation is dangerous; wondered how such a state of affairs had come about
2. sense_key=situation%1:26:01:: | definition=a condition or position in which you find yourself | synonyms=position | examples=the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils; found herself in a very fortunate situation
3. sense_key=situation%1:26:02:: | definition=a complex or critical or unusual difficulty | examples=the dangerous situation developed suddenly; that's quite a situation
4. sense_key=situation%1:15:00:: | definition=physical position in relation to the surroundings | synonyms=site | examples=the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides
5. sense_key=situation%1:04:00:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, spot, billet | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "situation" in the sentence: "The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which 'puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic <t>situation</t>', explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank."

The context is about financial markets, economic indicators, and the impact of the dollar's rise on sectors sensitive to the economic situation.

Candidate senses:

1. general state of things; combination of circumstances at a given time (state of affairs). Example: "the present international situation is dangerous"
2. condition or position in which you find yourself (position). Example: "the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils"
3. complex or critical or unusual difficulty. Example: "the dangerous situation developed suddenly; that's quite a situation"
4. physical position in relation to surroundings (site). Example: "the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides"
5. a job in an organization (position, post). Example: "he occupied a post in the treasury"

In the context, "economic situation" refers to the general state of the economy. Analysts are discussing how the rise of the dollar puts downward pressure on sectors sensitive to the economic situation. This matches sense 1: "the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time" – here, the combination of economic circumstances. Sense 2 is about a personal condition or position one finds oneself in, which doesn't fit. Sense 3 is about a difficulty, but the text doesn't explicitly frame the economic situation as a difficulty, just as a state. Sense 4 is about physical location, and sense 5 is about a job. So sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Thus, sense_index 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: security
Target surface form: securities
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology <t>securities</t> have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being free from danger or injury | examples=we support the armed services in the name of national security
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: | definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=protection | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: | definition=freedom from anxiety or fear | examples=the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: | definition=a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: | definition=property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation | synonyms=surety | examples=bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: | definition=a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers | synonyms=security department | examples=the head of security was a former policeman
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: | definition=a guarantee that an obligation will be met | synonyms=surety
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: | definition=an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in | synonyms=security system, security measure
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: | definition=measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. | synonyms=security measures | examples=military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "securities" (plural of "security") in a financial context. The context talks about trading volumes, economic indicators, retail sales, consumer confidence, dollar, bond market, and specifically "Technology <t>securities</t> have thereby lost some ground." The <t> tags indicate the target word is "securities". The phrase "Technology securities" refers to stocks or financial instruments of technology companies. So it's clearly a financial security meaning, like a tradable asset. Looking at the senses: sense 4 is "a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends" with synonyms "certificate", examples "he held several valuable securities". This is the sense for financial securities (stocks, bonds, etc.). Sense 5 is about collateral, but in the context it's not about collateral, it's about the securities themselves as assets. The context mentions "bond market" and "technology securities" losing ground, so it's about investment instruments. Thus sense 4 is the best fit.

Now, the task says return a JSON object with the sense index. The senses are listed with numbers 1-9. Sense 4 is the one. So {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ground
Target surface form: ground
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some <t>ground</t>. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ground%1:17:00:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, earth, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
2. sense_key=ground%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=reason | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
3. sense_key=ground%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=earth | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
4. sense_key=ground%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, basis | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
5. sense_key=ground%1:15:00:: | definition=a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) | examples=they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground
6. sense_key=ground%1:09:00:: | definition=the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground | synonyms=background | examples=he posed her against a background of rolling hills
7. sense_key=ground%1:17:01:: | definition=material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use) | synonyms=land, soil | examples=the land had never been plowed; good agricultural soil
8. sense_key=ground%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
9. sense_key=ground%1:06:02:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=earth
10. sense_key=ground%1:06:01:: | definition=(art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
11. sense_key=ground%1:06:00:: | definition=the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface | synonyms=flat coat, primer, priming, primer coat, priming coat, undercoat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "ground" in the given context. The target surface form is "ground". The context is about financial markets: "Technology securities have thereby lost some <t>ground</t>." We need to choose the single best indexed sense among the 11 candidate senses provided.

Let's analyze the context: "lost some ground" is a common idiom meaning to lose an advantage or to fall behind. In financial contexts, losing ground means a decline in value or position relative to others. This is a figurative use of "ground" as territory or position gained. Looking at the candidate senses, sense 5 is: "ground%1:15:00:: | definition=a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) | examples=they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground". This fits perfectly because the example uses "gained ground" and "regain the lost ground", which matches the idiomatic use in financial contexts (like "lost ground" meaning a decline). So sense_index 5 is the best choice.

Other senses:
1: solid part of earth's surface - literal land, not figurative.
2: a rational motive - not applicable.
3: loose soft material - not applicable.
4: a relation providing foundation - could be vague but not as direct as the battle position sense.
6: background in a scene - not relevant.
7: material for plants - not relevant.
8: percept in psychology - no.
9: electrical ground - no.
10: art surface - no.
11: primer coat - no.

Thus, the answer should be sense_index 5.

Return JSON: {"sense_index":


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year <t>bond</t> yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "bond" and a context. The context mentions "The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year <t>bond</t> yields have grown..." Clearly, it's about financial bonds, specifically Treasury bonds and yields. The candidate senses include one for financial bonds: sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: with definition "a certificate of debt...". This is clearly the correct sense. Sense 1 is chemical bond, 3 is social connection, 4 is bail bond, 5 is restraint, 6 is attachment, 7 is bond paper, 8 and 9 are people, 10 is property of sticking. So the best indexed sense is 2 (corresponding to the second candidate sense in the list). We output {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond <t>yields</t> have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "yields" in the context. The candidate senses are provided with sense_key, definition, synonyms, and examples. The context: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening." This is clearly referring to the yield on bonds, which is the return or income from an investment, specifically the interest rate. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

In finance, "yield" on a bond is the return, expressed as a percentage. Sense 2 defines exactly that: "the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property", with synonyms "return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff". The example is "the average return was about 5%." This matches the context of bond yields being quoted as percentages. The other senses about production quantity or amount of a product do not fit. So the best indexed sense is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday <t>evening</t>, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "evening" in the context: "...on Tuesday <t>evening</t>, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."

Context: financial article about bond yields. The target word "evening" is used in "Tuesday evening" and "the previous evening". It refers to a specific time of day.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake

This is the common sense: the part of the day from late afternoon to nightfall. Used in phrases like "Tuesday evening", it refers to that time period on that day.

2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire

This is a metaphorical sense, like the final phase of something. The example "the evening of the Roman Empire" shows this. Not appropriate here because it's referring to a specific day's time.

3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

This sense emphasizes spending the evening in a specific activity, like "an evening at the opera". The phrase "Tuesday evening" in a financial context doesn't necessarily imply a special way, just a time reference. So this sense is too specific.

The context is just indicating a point in time: bond yields on Tuesday evening vs. previous evening. So sense 1 is the straightforward temporal sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year <t>bond</t> yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "bond" in the sentence: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening." The context is financial, discussing bonds as financial instruments. The candidate senses include financial bond (sense 2: "a certificate of debt... issued by a government..."). This is clearly the correct sense. Sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond <t>yields</t> are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "yields" in the context: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% ... and 30-year bond <t>yields</t> are at 4.497%". The target lemma is "yield", surface form "yields". In this context, "yields" refers to the return on bonds, i.e., the income or profit generated by the bond, typically expressed as a percentage. That matches sense 2: "the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property", with synonyms like "return", "issue", "take", "takings", "proceeds", "payoff", and an example "the average return was about 5%". The other senses (production, amount of product, quantity created) do not fit financial yields. So sense index 2 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous <t>evening</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "evening" and its surface form "evening". The context mentions bond yields: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous <t>evening</t>." So it's a financial report comparing yields on Tuesday evening and the previous evening. The word "evening" here refers to a specific time of day, likely the latter part of the day, or perhaps the early part of night. The example "on Tuesday evening" and "the previous evening" clearly indicates a time of day.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

Sense 1: definition: the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall). Synonyms: eve, even, eventide. Example: he enjoyed the evening light across the lake.

Sense 2: definition: a later concluding time period. Example: it was the evening of the Roman Empire. This is metaphorical, referring to the end of an era, not a literal part of a day.

Sense 3: definition: the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way. Example: an evening at the opera.

The context is about a specific time: Tuesday evening and the previous evening. It's not metaphorical (not the evening of an empire). It's just a point in time during the day. Sense 1 and Sense 3 both refer to literal parts of the day. Sense 1 says "the latter part of the day (period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)" and Sense 3 says "the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way". The context does not specify if it's spent in a special way; it's just a time marker. "Tuesday evening" typically means the period after the end of the workday, possibly including night. In many contexts, "evening" can be either the late afternoon or early night. But the WordNet glosses differentiate: Sense 1 is the general part of the day, Sense 3 is specifically the early part of night when spent in a special way. The example for Sense 3 is "an evening at the opera", which suggests a social event. Here, it's just "Tuesday evening" referring to a time when bond yields were at a certain level. That is a typical use of "evening" to indicate a time period of the day. It's not a special way spent; it's just a time reference. So Sense 1 is the most general and likely. Sense 3 is more specific, often used for an occasion. However, "evening" without special connotations can be any evening. The phrase "on Tuesday evening" is standard for the time of day. The example for Sense 1: "he enjoyed the evening light across the lake" uses "evening" as a time. So I'll go with Sense 1. But note that "Tuesday evening" could be considered the early part of night if it's after dinner? Not necessarily. It's just a part of the day. So Sense 1 is the best fit.

I must choose one. The context is a financial report, not a metaphorical evening. So Sense 2 is out. Between 1 and 3, 1 is more general and fits the time reference. Thus, I select sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday." The target word is "deals", and we need to disambiguate it among the given candidate senses.

The candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Now, analyzing the context: The Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies. The context mentions auctions, attracting companies to rebuild infrastructure. So "deals" here refer to agreements or contracts resulting from the auctions. Sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling" (trade, business deal). Sense 2 is "an agreement between parties ... fixing obligations of each" (bargain). Both seem plausible. But let's look closely: The sentence says "reaches deals" and then explains "managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions". So the deals are the results of the auctions, i.e., agreements between the ministry and the companies. Sense 2 specifically says "an agreement between parties ... fixing obligations of each". The examples for sense 2 include "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals" and "he made a bargain with the devil". That implies a contractual agreement. Sense 1 is more about a transaction, a particular instance of buying or selling. In this context, it's likely that the deals are not just simple transactions but comprehensive agreements involving obligations to rebuild infrastructure. Moreover, "auctions" suggest bidding and then reaching deals (agreements). Sense 1 could also fit: a business deal is a transaction. But sense 2 emphasizes the agreement aspect after discussion, which matches the auction scenario (discussion via bidding). The phrase "reaches deals" is often synonymous with "reaches agreements". So I think sense 2 is the best fit. Sense 1 is also a business deal, but the definition of sense 2 directly says "agreement between parties ... fixing obligations", which aligns with the context of contracts for rebuilding infrastructure. Sense 7 is about treatment received, not applicable. Sense 3 is a large number (a deal of trouble), not applicable. Senses 4,5 are wood, sense 6,8,9 are card-related or distribution. So between 1 and 2, 2 seems most precise. The WordNet gloss for sense 2 is "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each", synonyms: bargain. Examples: "he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals". This fits perfectly. Sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling", synonyms: trade, business deal. That also could work, but sense 2 captures the negotiation/agreement nuance better, especially with auctions. So I'll go with sense 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concerns
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Target lemma: concern. Target surface form: concerns. Context: Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals... Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability... Candidate senses: ..." We need to pick the best sense index (1-4) for "concerns" in this context.

The target word "concerns" is used in the phrase: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability...". This indicates that "concerns" refers to feelings of worry or anxiety regarding these issues. So the sense is likely about anxious feelings (sense 2: "an anxious feeling", synonyms: care, fear). Let's check the candidate senses:

1. something that interests you because it is important or affects you (e.g., the safety of the ship is the captain's concern) — here "concern" is about something that is one's responsibility or matter of interest. In the context, "concerns about violence" could be interpreted as "worries", not just "matter of interest". So sense 2 fits better.
2. an anxious feeling (synonyms: care, fear) — fits "concerns about violence" meaning worries about violence.
3. a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it (synonyms: business, business concern) — clearly not applicable.
4. (not provided? Wait, the candidate senses listed are 1, 2, and 4? The text says: Candidate senses: 1. sense_key=... definition=something that interests you... 2. sense_key=... definition=an anxious feeling... 3. sense_key=... definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise... Actually, the numbering is 1, 2, and then "5."? Let's read carefully: "1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: ... 2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: ... 3. sense_key=..." Wait, the user's message says:
"1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern"
Wait, it says "3. sense_key=concern%1:09:00::"? That seems duplicated. And then there's no 4. Actually, it says:
"3. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business"

I think the formatting is: The candidate senses are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 5. But the instruction says: "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the example JSON has {"sense_index": 3} which refers to the index number shown. So we have indices 1, 2, 3, and 5 available. Sense 3 is a duplicate of sense 1? Actually, sense 3 has the same definition as sense 1: "something that interests you because it is important or affects you". That seems odd. Possibly sense 3 is a different sense key? It says sense_key=concern%1:09:00::, so same sense key as sense 1. That might be a mistake, but we have to work with what's given. Sense 5 is the business sense. So the best fit is the anxious feeling sense, which is index 2. So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violence
Target surface form: violence
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about <t>violence</t> and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violence%1:04:01:: | definition=an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) | synonyms=force | examples=he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one
2. sense_key=violence%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being wild or turbulent | synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness | examples=the storm's violence
3. sense_key=violence%1:26:00:: | definition=a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..." The target word is "violence". We need to choose the best sense among three candidates.

Let's analyze each candidate:

1. sense_key=violence%1:04:01:: | definition=an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) | synonyms=force | examples=he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one

This sense defines violence as an act of aggression, particularly against someone who resists. The example talks about using "force and violence" as a means to accomplish something in the short term. This sense is about a specific act or instance of aggression.

2. sense_key=violence%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being wild or turbulent | synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness | examples=the storm's violence

This sense is about a property of being wild or turbulent, often associated with natural forces or intense emotions. The example is "the storm's violence", indicating a turbulent state. This is more about the quality of being violent, not necessarily physical aggression against persons.

3. sense_key=violence%1:26:00:: | definition=a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

This sense defines violence as a state of turbulence that results in injuries and destruction. It is a broader state of violent conditions, like a state of war or upheaval, causing harm. This aligns with the context of "violence and political instability" in Iraq, referring to the general conditions of conflict and unrest.

In the context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..." Here, "violence" is paired with "political instability", indicating a general state of violent conflict in the country, such as insurgency, war, bombings, etc. This is not a single act of aggression (sense 1) but a broader state of violence. Sense 2 is about a property like wildness, which is less likely; the example "storm's violence" shows it's often used for natural phenomena. Sense 3 explicitly defines a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction, which fits well with a country's situation of war and sanctions, as mentioned later: "crippled by decades of war and sanctions." So the violence referred to is the ongoing state of violent conflict.

Thus, sense 3 is the best fit.

Now, the response should be a JSON object with the sense index. So: {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instability
Target surface form: instability
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political <t>instability</t>, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "instability" and surface form "instability" in the context of a sentence about the Iraqi government attracting oil companies despite concerns about violence and political instability. We need to choose the best indexed sense among four candidate senses.

Sense 1: sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
Sense 2: sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
Sense 3: sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
Sense 4: sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..." The phrase "political instability" clearly refers to a condition in a political system. "Political instability" is a common term meaning an unstable political order or lack of stability in governance. Looking at the senses:
- Sense 1: "an unstable order" – this could refer to a social or political order. For example, "political instability" is essentially an unstable political order. This fits.
- Sense 2: "unreliability attributable to being unstable" – This is more about the quality of being unreliable. It doesn't fit "political instability" as well; political instability is not primarily about unreliability.
- Sense 3: "a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium" with examples like "a hormonal imbalance." This seems more physical or metaphorical, like an imbalance. Political instability might involve imbalance, but the gloss emphasizes disequilibrium, often used in physical or economic contexts. The example "hormonal imbalance" is medical. Not the best fit.
- Sense 4: "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute" – "irresolute" means uncertain or wavering. This is more about personal character trait. Not right for political context.

Thus, Sense 1 "an unstable order" is the most appropriate for "political instability."

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "government" in the given context. The target is "Iraqi government" in the sentence: "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies". Let's analyze the context.

The sentence: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday."

Here, "government" refers to the ruling authority of Iraq, the organization that makes decisions and signs deals. It's the political entity. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit" – synonyms: authorities, regime. Example: "the government reduced taxes". This fits perfectly: the Iraqi government is the organization that governs Iraq.

2. "the act of governing; exercising authority" – synonyms: governing, governance, administration. Example: "regulations for the governing of state prisons". This is an abstract noun referring to the activity, not the entity. In the context, "government" is used as the entity that managed to attract companies, so it's the organization, not the act.

3. "the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed" – example: "tyrannical government". This refers to the type of system, like democratic government, etc. Not the specific organization.

4. "the study of government of states and other political units" – this is political science, clearly not.

Thus, sense 1 is correct.

Answer as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: auction
Target surface form: auctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: | definition=a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge | synonyms=auction bridge
2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: | definition=the public sale of something to the highest bidder | synonyms=auction sale, vendue

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "auction" and the surface form "auctions" in the context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies... during two auctions that concluded Saturday." The context clearly refers to a process where foreign oil companies bid for deals, so it is a public sale of rights or contracts to the highest bidder. That matches sense 2: "the public sale of something to the highest bidder". Sense 1 is about a card game, which is irrelevant. So sense_index should be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 <t>deals</t> the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "deal" with surface form "deals" in the context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies ... The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies ...". The text is about agreements between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and foreign oil companies for oil field development. The candidate senses include various meanings of "deal". Sense 2 is "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" with synonyms=bargain, examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals. This fits perfectly: the deals are agreements between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and companies. Sense 1 is about a business transaction (buying or selling), which might also be possible, but the context emphasizes the agreements made during auctions. Sense 2 explicitly mentions agreement and obligations, which is more precise. Other senses are not relevant. So sense_index 2 is the best.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}