[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fraud
Target surface form: fraud
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law <t>fraud</t> is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fraud%1:04:00:: | definition=intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
2. sense_key=fraud%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes deceitful pretenses | synonyms=imposter, impostor, pretender, fake, faker, sham
3. sense_key=fraud%1:04:01:: | definition=something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage | synonyms=fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Target lemma: fraud. Target surface form: fraud. Context: ... Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law <t>fraud</t> is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness."

We need to disambiguate "fraud" in the phrase "the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse". Actually, the text says: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law <t>fraud</t> is diffuse" – so it's "the law fraud" or "law fraud"? It might be "the law fraud" as a compound. Wait: "between the wittiness and the law fraud" – could be "between the wittiness and the law fraud" meaning the fraud that is legal? Or it might be "between the wittiness and the law, fraud is diffuse"? No, the sentence: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law <t>fraud</t> is diffuse" – it seems like "law fraud" is a term, but "law fraud" might be a mis-parsing. Actually, reading the original: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law <t>fraud</t> is diffuse" – it looks like the word "fraud" is marked with <t> tags. The phrase is "the border between the wittiness and the law fraud" – but that doesn't make sense because "law fraud" isn't a thing. Alternatively, it could be "the border between the wittiness and the law, fraud is diffuse"? That doesn't parse well. Let's look at the context again: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness." It might be that the original sentence had a typo: "the border between the wittiness and the law fraud" – perhaps it's "the border between the wittiness and the law, fraud is diffuse"? But there's no comma. Another possibility: "wittiness" might be a misspelling of "witness"? No, it's "wittiness" repeated. Actually, earlier it says: "They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law <t>fraud</t> is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness." So "wittiness" is used more than once. Maybe "wittiness" is a term for cleverness? The text contrasts wittiness with fraud. So the phrase is: "the border between the wittiness and the law fraud" – "law fraud" could be a term for "legal fraud" as mentioned earlier: "this would have been a clear case of legal fraud". So "law fraud" might be a synonym for "legal fraud". Thus, "law fraud" means fraud in the legal sense? Actually, "legal fraud" is a term: fraud that is considered legal? Or fraud that is permitted by law? No, "legal fraud" might refer to fraud that is prosecuted by law? I think "legal fraud" is fraud as defined by law, as opposed to moral fraud. The text: "the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud)" – so legal fraud is avoiding the sanction. So "law fraud" could be the same as legal fraud, i.e., fraud in the legal sense. But the word "fraud" is tagged, so we need to disambiguate "fraud" as used in the phrase "law fraud". Given the context, it's talking about the concept of fraud, particularly "legal fraud". The sentence says: the border between wittiness and law fraud is diffuse. "Wittiness" likely means cleverness or gamesmanship. So fraud here refers to deceptive trickery intended to gain an advantage, possibly by circumventing rules. Earlier the text says: "Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules." So they are taking advantage of rules, but not necessarily deception. The fraud would be if they acted to avoid the sanction (legal fraud). So fraud involves deception or trickery. So which sense fits?

Candidate senses:
1. intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
2. a person who makes deceitful pretenses (imposter, etc.)
3. something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage (synonyms: fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on)

Sense 1: injury to another person. In the context, is there injury? The sporting context: Maybe the team would gain an advantage, but it's not necessarily injury to another specific person. It's more about trickery to gain advantage. Sense 3 explicitly says "deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage". That fits perfectly. The text mentions "strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules." The fraud would be trickery to gain an advantage. Sense 1 might be more legalistic, but injury could be financial or personal. In sports, fraud might not cause injury to another person directly. Sense 2 is a person, definitely not.

Thus, sense 3 is the best. The phrase "legal fraud" likely refers to a type of fraud that is defined legally, but that is still a type of fraud as trickery. So sense 3 fits.

Therefore, answer: {"sense_index": 3}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occasion
Target surface form: occasion
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this <t>occasion</t> I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occasion%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs at a critical time | synonyms=juncture | examples=at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions
2. sense_key=occasion%1:11:01:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, social occasion, function, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
3. sense_key=occasion%1:16:00:: | definition=reason | examples=there was no occasion for complaint
4. sense_key=occasion%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of a particular event | examples=on the occasion of his 60th birthday
5. sense_key=occasion%1:26:00:: | definition=an opportunity to do something | examples=there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "occasion" in the given text: "in this <t>occasion</t> I believe it was a clear case of wittiness."

Context: The author is discussing a situation where players made a strategic decision to receive sanctions (yellow cards) to serve a suspension at a convenient time, and whether it was wittiness (cleverness) or law fraud. The sentence: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness." Here, "occasion" refers to this particular instance or event being discussed. It's an instance of such a borderline case.

Now, let's evaluate senses:

1. sense 1: "an event that occurs at a critical time" (juncture). Example: "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave". This focuses on critical timing. Could fit, but "occasion" here is more general instance.

2. sense 2: "a vaguely specified social event" (affair, function). This is about parties or social gatherings. Not suitable here.

3. sense 3: "reason" (there was no occasion for complaint). This means cause or ground. Here, it's not about reason; it's about a specific case.

4. sense 4: "the time of a particular event" (on the occasion of his 60th birthday). This emphasizes the time. Could be interpreted as "on this occurrence/in this instance." Often "on this occasion" is idiomatic for "in this instance." The text says "in this occasion," which might be a slight error for "on this occasion." So sense 4 is about the time of an event.

5. sense 5: "an opportunity to do something" (there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill). This doesn't fit: it's not an opportunity but a specific instance.

The phrase "in this occasion" is used to mean "in this instance" or "in this case." The context is about a specific controversial situation. Sense 1 (juncture, critical time) might be close, but it's not necessarily a critical time; it's just a particular case. Sense 4 (time of a particular event) is often used to refer to a specific occurrence. Actually, WordNet sense 1: "an event that occurs at a critical time" with example "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions." That suggests a juncture or a special occasion. Here, it's not necessarily a special occasion, but it could be. The author is saying "in this instance." The word "occasion" is being used as a synonym for "case" or "instance." In WordNet, sense 1 might be the closest because it's a critical time? But the definition says "an event that occurs at a critical time," which is narrower. Perhaps sense 4: "the time of a particular event" is used in phrases like "on this occasion" to mean "at this time/instance." The example: "on the occasion of his 60th birthday" refers to a specific event's time. Idiomatically, "on that occasion" means at that particular time. So sense 4 likely fits: the time of a particular event. Here, it's "in this occasion" (maybe a non-native phrasing) meaning "in this instance." So I'd go with sense 4.

Check synonyms: sense 4 has no listed synonyms. Sense 1 has "juncture". Neither is a direct match for "case/instance". But sense 1's definition emphasizes critical time, which isn't indicated. Sense 4 is more neutral time of an event. The context is "in this occasion I believe it was a clear case..." so it's referring to the event being discussed. I'll select sense 4.

Thus, the index is 4. Return {"sense_index": 4}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are to choose the best sense for "case" in the given context. The target surface form is "case", and the context includes: "in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness." So the phrase is "a clear case of wittiness." We need to disambiguate which sense of "case" fits here.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: (an occurrence of something) - synonyms: instance, example. Example: "it was a case of bad judgment". This seems plausible: "a clear case of wittiness" could be "a clear instance of wittiness".

2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: (a special set of circumstances) - synonyms: event. Example: "in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled." This might also fit: "a clear event of wittiness" is a bit odd; "case" here is more "circumstances". But 1 seems better.

3. legal sense (lawsuit) - not applicable.

4. "the actual state of things" - example: "that was not the case." Here it's used in a statement like "That is not the case." But we have "a clear case of wittiness" - this isn't stating a state of things, it's identifying an instance.

5. container - no.

6. person requiring services - no.

7. person as subject - no.

8. problem requiring investigation - like detective case. Not wittiness.

9. statement of facts for argument - "he stated his case clearly" - not "a case of wittiness".

10. quantity - no.

11. grammatical case - no.

12. specific state of mind - "a case of the jitters" - "a case of wittiness" could be a similar construction: "a case of X" meaning an instance of a condition. Wittiness is not a state of mind exactly, but it could be considered a trait or behavior. This sense is "a specific state of mind that is temporary" - wittiness isn't a state of mind, it's a characteristic or an act. So not ideal.

13. person of specified kind - no.

14. font - no.

15. sheath - no.

16. housing - no.

17. frame - no.

18. printing receptacle - no.

19. pillowcase - no.

20. display case - no.

So the strong candidates are 1 and 2, maybe 4? Let's check 4: "the actual state of things" - "that was not the case" means that is not the way things are. "A clear case of wittiness" doesn't mean "a clear actual state of wittiness", it means an instance or example. So 1 is best: sense 1 "an occurrence of something" with example "it was a case of bad judgment" exactly matches the pattern "a case of [noun]". Sense 2 is "a special set of circumstances" but in usage, "a case of wittiness" is more readily an instance, not a set of circumstances. The phrase "in that case" refers to circumstances, but here it's "a clear case of wittiness", which is like "a clear example of wittiness". So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus the JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: factor
Target surface form: factors
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two <t>factors</t>: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "factors" in a specific context. The context talks about a controversy arising from two "factors". We need to choose the most appropriate sense from the candidate list. The candidate senses include:

1. anything that contributes causally to a result
2. an abstract part of something
3. one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer (divisor)
4. a businessman who buys or sells for another (agent, broker)
5. any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. an independent variable in statistics
7. (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it is considered a unit of heredity (gene)

In the context: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them." The factors here are causes or contributing elements that led to the controversy. They are not mathematical (integers or multiplication), not a businessperson, not a statistical independent variable, and not genes. Sense 1 ("anything that contributes causally to a result") fits perfectly: the factors are the reasons or causes for the controversy. Sense 2 ("an abstract part of something") could also fit, since the factors are parts of the situation, but sense 1 emphasizes causation and the examples given for sense 2 are about components like "jealousy was a component of his character", which is more about constituent elements. But here the factors are explicitly said to cause the controversy ("arise from two factors"), so causal contribution is more precise. Moreover, sense 1 is specifically about contributing causally to a result, and the result here is the controversy. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, choose index 1.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expulsion
Target surface form: expulsions
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto <t>expulsions</t> and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of forcing out someone or something | synonyms=ejection, exclusion, riddance | examples=the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school
2. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:02:: | definition=squeezing out by applying pressure | synonyms=extrusion | examples=an unexpected extrusion of toothpaste from the bottom of the tube; the expulsion of pus from the pimple
3. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting | synonyms=projection, ejection, forcing out

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "expulsion" with surface form "expulsions" in the context: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto <t>expulsions</t> and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."

The context discusses players making strategic decisions to receive sanctions intentionally, not avoiding punishment. It mentions "two auto expulsions" which likely means two self-imposed expulsions or automatic expulsions. The sport context suggests players being sent off or removed from the game. The candidate senses:

1. expulsion%1:04:01:: definition: the act of forcing out someone or something; synonyms: ejection, exclusion, riddance; examples: the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school.
2. expulsion%1:04:02:: definition: squeezing out by applying pressure; synonyms: extrusion; examples: an unexpected extrusion of toothpaste from the bottom of the tube; the expulsion of pus from the pimple.
3. expulsion%1:04:00:: definition: the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting; synonyms: projection, ejection, forcing out.

Sense 1 is specifically about forcing out someone or something, often from an institution or place. Sense 2 is about squeezing out substance. Sense 3 is more general, about the act of expelling/ejecting.

In sports, "expulsion" can mean sending a player off the field (e.g., red card). That aligns with sense 1, the act of forcing out someone. Sense 3 is broader and could encompass sense 1, but WordNet often has hierarchical senses where sense 1 might be a hyponym of sense 3? Let's check the sense keys: they are different POS? All are noun. Sense keys: expulsion%1:04:01::, expulsion%1:04:02::, expulsion%1:04:00::. The numbers suggest sense 0 is more general, sense 1 is one specific, sense 2 another specific. Typically, sense 1 is a specific meaning. In context, "auto expulsions" means the players got themselves expelled from the game, so it's about forcing a person out. That matches sense 1 perfectly. Sense 3 is too broad and doesn't capture the "forcing out someone" specificity, though it could apply. The synonyms for sense 1 include "ejection, exclusion, riddance", which fit a sports ejection. Sense 3 synonyms "projection, ejection, forcing out" are more general. The examples for sense 1: "the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school" are about people being removed. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, I'll select sense_index 1.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: way
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the <t>way</t> the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to determine the best sense for the word "way" in the context: "the <t>way</t> the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."

Context excerpt: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."

Here, "way" refers to how the transmission of the directive was carried out. It is about the manner in which something was done.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking. This sense fits perfectly: "the way the transmission ... was carried out" means the manner in which it was done.

2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency. This is about a method or means to achieve an end. "the way the transmission ... was carried out" could be interpreted as the means by which it was carried out, but it's more directly about the manner of doing it. The phrase "carried out" implies the execution, so manner is more precise.

3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | direction. Not relevant.

4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | condition of things generally. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | a course of conduct. This is broader, like a way of life, not just a single action's manner.

6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | artifact road/path. No.

7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | journey or passage. No.

8. space for movement. No.

9. distance. No.

10. doing as one pleases. No.

11. general category. No.

12. portion divided into shares. No.

Thus, sense 1 is the best. The index is 1 (first in the list). So answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: transmission
Target surface form: transmission
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the <t>transmission</t> of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=transmission%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted | synonyms=transmittal, transmitting
2. sense_key=transmission%1:10:00:: | definition=communication by means of transmitted signals
3. sense_key=transmission%1:23:00:: | definition=the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance | synonyms=transmittance
4. sense_key=transmission%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted | synonyms=infection, contagion
5. sense_key=transmission%1:06:01:: | definition=the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle | synonyms=transmission system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate "transmission" in the given context. The target lemma is "transmission". The context is discussing sports, specifically about auto expulsions and the way the "transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them." It mentions "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out" – this suggests sending a message or communication. The controversy is about how the directive was transmitted. So it's about the act of sending a message. That matches sense 1: "the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted." Sense 2 is "communication by means of transmitted signals" which is broader, but the context directly mentions "act" of transmission of a directive. Sense 1 has synonyms transmittal, transmitting, which fit. So index 1 is most appropriate.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damage
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms | examples=the price of gasoline; he got his new car on excellent terms
5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic." So the damage is to principles of the sport. It's a harm or negative effect. Looking at the senses:

1. impairment - change for worse. That could fit.
2. military - no.
3. act of damaging - but here it's the result, not the act. The damage brought about is the harm, not the act of harming.
4. price - no.
5. legal injury - no legal context here.

Sense 1 seems best: the occurrence of a change for the worse, harm, impairment. It's the result. So { "sense_index": 1 }


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: principle
Target surface form: principles
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the <t>principles</t> of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=principle%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=rule | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
2. sense_key=principle%1:09:01:: | definition=a rule or standard especially of good behavior | examples=a man of principle; he will not violate his principles
3. sense_key=principle%1:09:00:: | definition=a basic truth or law or assumption | examples=the principles of democracy
4. sense_key=principle%1:09:04:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=rule | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
5. sense_key=principle%1:10:00:: | definition=rule of personal conduct | synonyms=precept
6. sense_key=principle%1:09:02:: | definition=(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature) | synonyms=rationale | examples=the rationale for capital punishment; the principles of internal-combustion engines

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "principles" in the given context. The target word is "principles", but the lemma is "principle". The context is about sports, specifically about actions that go against the sporting spirit, strategic decisions, wittiness vs. legal fraud, and the damage to the "principles of the sport". The sentence: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."

We need to match this to one of the sense definitions provided.

Let's examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=principle%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=rule | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
   - This is about a fundamental generalization used as a basis for conduct. Might fit, but the example is about "principles of composition", not sports.

2. sense_key=principle%1:09:01:: | definition=a rule or standard especially of good behavior | examples=a man of principle; he will not violate his principles
   - This is about moral or ethical standards of behavior. The context mentions "sporting spirit", "ethical", "aesthetic", and the actions being against the spirit. The damage to principles is "not as much ethical as aesthetic", which suggests the principles might be ethical ones. But the phrase "principles of the sport" could be interpreted as the fundamental rules or standards of good behavior in sports.

3. sense_key=principle%1:09:00:: | definition=a basic truth or law or assumption | examples=the principles of democracy
   - Basic truth or law. "Principles of democracy" is similar to "principles of sport" in structure. This might refer to foundational truths or laws of the sport.

4. sense_key=principle%1:09:04:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=rule | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
   - This is scientific principles. Unlikely for sports.

5. sense_key=principle%1:10:00:: | definition=rule of personal conduct | synonyms=precept
   - Personal conduct rule. "Precept" is a general rule intended to regulate behavior or thought. This is similar to sense 2, but more focused on personal conduct. It might fit, but sense 2 seems more directly about behavior standards.

6. sense_key=principle%1:09:02:: | definition=(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature) | synonyms=rationale | examples=the rationale for capital punishment; the principles of internal-combustion engines
   - This is about rationale or fundamental reasons, often in law or mechanism explanations. Not a good fit for sports principles.

The context: "principles of the sport". This phrase is common, meaning the fundamental ethical standards or rules of conduct in the sport. The sentence says the damage is not as much ethical as aesthetic. So we're talking about damage to the principles, which are likely the ethical or behavioral standards of the sport. Sense 2: "a rule or standard especially of good behavior" fits well. The example: "a man of principle; he will not violate his principles" aligns with ethical behavior. Sense 5 is similar but "rule of personal conduct" might be less fitting for a collective sport principle. Sense 2 mentions "especially of good behavior", which matches the sporting spirit and ethics.

Sense 1 could be possible, but it's more about a basic generalization used for reasoning, like a principle of composition. It doesn't convey the ethical connotation as strongly. Sense 3 is basic truth or law, like principles of democracy. That could also work for "principles of sport" as foundational truths. However, the context explicitly mentions "sporting spirit" and "ethical" vs "aesthetic", suggesting that the principles are about behavior, not just any basic law. The phrase "against the sporting spirit" indicates a violation of the spirit, which is often equated with ethical principles of fair play. Thus, sense 2 seems the best fit.

Let's double-check the difference between sense 2 and sense 5. Sense 5 is "rule of personal conduct" (precept), while sense 2 is "a rule or standard especially of good behavior" with a broader application. In WordNet, sense 2 is a higher-level sense. The examples for sense 2: "a man of principle; he will not violate his principles" suggests a person's principles. The context is "principles of the sport", which might refer to the sport's standards of good behavior. I think sense 2 is more appropriate than sense 5 because sense 5 emphasizes personal conduct, whereas the sport's principles are communal standards. Also, the definition of sense 2 says "a rule or standard especially of good behavior", which fits the ethical nature.

Thus, I'll choose sense index 2.

The output should be a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these <t>actions</t> is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "action" in the sentence: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic." The context discusses players making strategic decisions that are against the sporting spirit, exploiting rules, but not avoiding punishment. The "actions" refer to those strategic decisions or behaviors. The candidate senses are provided with definitions and examples.

Let's analyze the context: The actions are described as against the sporting spirit, strategic decisions made to take advantage of rules. They are not illegal fraud but witty. The damage to the principles of the sport is more aesthetic than ethical. So, these "actions" are specific things done by the players. The sense that fits best is sense 1: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" with examples like "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions." That is a general sense for an act or deed. The context clearly uses "actions" to mean the specific things the players did (strategic decisions, getting auto expulsions, etc.).

Now, let's check if any other sense could fit:
- Sense 2: state of being active. Not appropriate; it's about specific deeds, not the state.
- Sense 3: military engagement. No.
- Sense 4: natural process. No, these are human actions.
- Sense 5: series of events in a plot. No.
- Sense 6: trait of being active. No, it's the deeds, not the trait.
- Sense 7: mechanism part. No.
- Sense 8: judicial proceeding. No, it's not a legal action.
- Sense 9: act by government body. No.
- Sense 10: most important work in a field. No.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possibility
Target surface form: possibility
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises <t>possibility</t> of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03:: | definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00:: | definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01:: | definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the word "possibility" in the given context. The context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."

We need to choose among four candidate senses:

1. a future prospect or potential (example: this room has great possibilities)
2. capability of existing or happening or being true (synonyms: possibleness) (example: there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired)
3. a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena (synonyms: hypothesis, theory) (example: a scientific hypothesis...)
4. a possible alternative (synonyms: possible action, opening) (example: bankruptcy is always a possibility)

In the context, "raises possibility of new types of life" means it suggests that new types of life might exist, it makes it seem more likely that new types of life could exist. That is, the discovery increases the chance that such life exists or could be found. So it's about the likelihood or potential existence of something. Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true" fits well: there is a possibility (possibleness) that new types of life exist. Sense 1 is about future prospects or potentials, but more like opportunities (the room has great possibilities – it could be used in many ways). Here, it's not about future prospects for the microbe, but about the existence of new types of life. Sense 1 is more about something having potential for development, not about the likelihood of something being true. Sense 3 is clearly about a hypothesis or theory, which is a concept that explains phenomena; that doesn't fit: the microbe raises a possibility, not a theory. Sense 4 is about a possible alternative or option; that doesn't fit: new types of life are not an alternative course of action. So sense 2 is the best.

Thus, the answer is sense index 2.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new <t>types</t> of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "type" and the surface form "types". The context is about arsenic-tolerant microbes raising the possibility of new types of life. The candidate senses are provided with definitions and examples. We need to choose the best indexed sense (1-6). Let's analyze each sense in context.

Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere" and "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."

They are talking about "new types of life" meaning new kinds or forms of life. Sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" fits well: "what type of sculpture do you prefer?" – type as kind, sort. In the context, "types of life" means kinds of life. Sense 2: "a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)" – that's about a person, not life forms in general. Sense 3: "(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon" – this is a technical biological sense, but here "types of life" is likely more general, not specifically a taxonomic group defining a higher taxon. Sense 4: "printed characters" – not relevant. Sense 5: "all of the tokens of the same symbol" – related to word elements, not life. Sense 6: "a small metal block bearing a raised character" – printing. So clearly sense 1 is the best.

But let's double-check sense 3: In biology, "type" has a specific meaning: the type genus, type species, etc. But the phrase "new types of life" is not necessarily using that technical sense; it's about new forms/kinds of life. The context says "new forms of life" as a paraphrase, which aligns with sense 1.

Thus, the answer is sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The <t>discovery</t> of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "discovery" in the given context. The target sentence: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure... (irrelevant)

The context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria..." Here, "discovery" refers to the event of discovering the bacteria. It is the act of discovering. The phrase "The discovery of" typically indicates the action. Also, note that sense 1 is "the act of discovering something" with synonyms "find, uncovering". Sense 2 is "something that is discovered", which would refer to the bacteria itself. But the bacteria is the thing discovered, not the discovery. The discovery is the act of finding it. So sense 1 fits better. Sense 3 is "a productive insight", which might be similar but is more about an insight or breakthrough. In this scientific context, finding a new bacteria is indeed a breakthrough, but the phrase "the discovery of a strange bacteria" directly points to the act. Moreover, the WordNet examples for sense 1: "the discovery of the ocean" (act). For sense 2: "the new discovery was a great surprise" (the thing discovered). In our sentence, it says "The discovery ... widens the scope", which means the act of discovering widens the scope. If it were the thing discovered, we might say "The bacteria ... widens the scope". So it's the act. Sense 3 might be tempting because a discovery in science is often a breakthrough, but the definition "a productive insight" is more cognitive, like an idea. Example from WordNet: "the discovery of a new law of physics" could be an insight. But here it's the discovery of a physical entity, so act is more literal.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: arsenic
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use <t>arsenic</t> as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The target lemma is "arsenic" and the target surface form is "arsenic". The context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; ... synonyms=arsenic trioxide, ...
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; ...

The context mentions "arsenic" as a nutrient for bacteria. It talks about "major elements" and life possibilities beyond them. This suggests the element itself, not a compound like arsenic trioxide. The bacteria uses arsenic as a nutrient, meaning the chemical element, not specifically the trioxide powder. So sense 2 (the element) fits better than sense 1 (the compound). The synonyms for sense 2: As, atomic number 33. So I'll choose sense 2. Indexing: the provided senses are 1 and 2 according to the list. So sense_index: 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nutrient
Target surface form: nutrients
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its <t>nutrients</t> widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:00:: | definition=any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue | synonyms=food
2. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:01:: | definition=any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "nutrients" in the given context. The target lemma is "nutrient" and the surface form is "nutrients". The context is about a microbe that uses arsenic as a nutrient. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:00:: | definition=any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue | synonyms=food
2. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:01:: | definition=any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis

We need to pick the best sense. The context says: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."

Here, the microbe is a bacteria, not an animal. Sense 1 is specifically about animals ("metabolized by an animal"). Sense 2 is about green plants, but also mentions "chemical element or inorganic compound". The bacteria is using arsenic, which is a chemical element. While sense 2 mentions green plants, it might be more applicable because it's about inorganic substances. However, WordNet often has specific senses. But note that bacteria are not animals or green plants. But the definition of sense 2 says "any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis." That is plant-specific. The context is about bacteria, which are microorganisms. Neither sense perfectly fits bacteria. But maybe sense 2 is more appropriate because arsenic is an inorganic chemical element, and bacteria are more similar to plants in terms of some nutritional processes? Alternatively, sense 1 is for animals, so it doesn't fit. So likely sense 2 is the better match, because it mentions chemical elements. Also, the phrase "major elements" in the last sentence hints at elements as nutrients. So I'll go with sense 2.

But note: WordNet may have additional senses? We only have two. The instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we need to provide the index number (1 or 2). I'll choose index 2.

Thus, {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scope
Target surface form: scope
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the <t>scope</t> for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scope%1:07:00:: | definition=an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: | synonyms=range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit | examples=the range of a supersonic jet; a piano has a greater range than the human voice
2. sense_key=scope%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of the environment in which a situation exists | synonyms=setting, background | examples=you can't do that in a university setting
3. sense_key=scope%1:06:02:: | definition=a magnifier of images of distant objects | synonyms=telescope
4. sense_key=scope%1:06:01:: | definition=electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities | synonyms=oscilloscope, cathode-ray oscilloscope, CRO

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "scope" in the given context. The context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond." Here, "scope" is used in the sense of the range or extent of possibilities. It's about broadening the possibilities or the area in which we search for life. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. scope%1:07:00:: definition: an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control. synonyms: range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit. Examples: "the range of a supersonic jet; a piano has a greater range than the human voice". This fits well: "widens the scope" means widens the range or reach of possibilities.

2. scope%1:26:00:: definition: the state of the environment in which a situation exists. synonyms: setting, background. Example: "you can't do that in a university setting". This doesn't fit; it's about a physical or situational context, not about expanding possibilities.

3. scope%1:06:02:: definition: a magnifier of images of distant objects. synonym: telescope. Definitely not.

4. scope%1:06:01:: definition: electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities. synonym: oscilloscope. Not relevant.

The best sense is clearly sense 1. So we output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new <t>forms</t> of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "forms" in the given context. The target lemma is "form", surface form is "forms". Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."

We need to choose the best sense from the candidate senses. The phrase is "new forms of life". In this context, "forms" refers to types or kinds of life. The sense should capture the idea of different categories or varieties of life. Let's look at the candidates:

1. form%1:10:00:: about word forms, not relevant.
2. form%1:09:01:: definition: a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality. Synonyms: kind, sort, variety. Example: "sculpture is a form of art". This fits perfectly: "new forms of life" means new kinds or varieties of life.
3. form%1:09:00:: perceptual structure, not relevant.
4. form%1:07:01:: spatial attributes/shape, not relevant.
5. form%1:08:00:: human body, not relevant.
6. form%1:03:00:: spatial arrangement, not relevant.
7. form%1:07:00:: visual appearance, not relevant.
8. form%1:10:01:: printed document, not relevant.
9. form%1:14:02:: biology: a group of organisms within a species (variant, strain). This could be relevant because the context is about bacteria and life, but it says "new forms of life", not just a strain within a species. That might be too specific. Sense 2 (kind, sort, variety) is broader and more natural for "forms of life". Also, the example in sense 9 is "a new strain of microorganisms", but that is about a subgroup within a species. The article is talking about life that can use arsenic, which might be a new kind of life, possibly even a different type altogether. So sense 2 is more appropriate.
10. form%1:10:02:: arrangement in composition, not relevant.
11. form%1:07:03:: mode of manifestation, e.g., "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility" – that's a different usage.
12. form%1:26:00:: phase of matter, not relevant.
13. form%1:14:00:: class of students, not relevant.
14. form%1:07:02:: ability to perform, not relevant.
15. form%1:06:00:: mannequin, not relevant.
16. form%1:06:01:: mold for concrete, not relevant.

Clearly, sense 2 (sense_key=form%1:09:01::) is the correct one. The index in the list is 2. So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: earth
Target surface form: Earth
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in <t>Earth</t>, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=earth%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=world, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
2. sense_key=earth%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=ground | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
3. sense_key=earth%1:17:01:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, ground, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
4. sense_key=earth%1:15:00:: | definition=the abode of mortals (as contrasted with Heaven or Hell) | examples=it was hell on earth
5. sense_key=earth%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. sense_key=earth%1:09:00:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, world | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. sense_key=earth%1:06:00:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=ground

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "Earth" in the given context. The target surface form is "Earth" and it appears in the sentence: "While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the provided candidate senses. The senses are numbered 1 through 7.

The context is about a microbe that uses arsenic, widening the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. The specific sentence with the target: "here in Earth" obviously refers to the planet Earth. The sense should be the planet we live on.

Let's examine each sense:
1. earth%1:17:00:: definition: the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on. Synonyms: world, globe. Examples: the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world. This fits perfectly: "here in Earth" means on planet Earth.

2. earth%1:27:00:: definition: the loose soft material... synonyms: ground. Example: they dug into the earth outside the church. Not relevant; we're not talking about soil.

3. earth%1:17:01:: definition: the solid part of the earth's surface; land, dry land, etc. Example: the plane turned away from the sea... This refers to land as opposed to sea. The phrase "here in Earth" doesn't contrast land and sea; it refers to the planet.

4. earth%1:15:00:: the abode of mortals (contrasted with Heaven or Hell). Example: hell on earth. Not appropriate; the context is scientific about life on Earth vs. elsewhere.

5. earth%1:27:01:: once thought to be one of four elements. Not relevant.

6. earth%1:09:00:: concerns of this life vs. afterlife. Not relevant.

7. earth%1:06:00:: electrical connection. Not relevant.

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. The sentence "here in Earth" uses "Earth" as the name of the planet. The context also says "on Earth" multiple times, reinforcing that.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that <t>life</t> has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "life" in the given context. The context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere ... While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential." The target word is "life" in the phrase "it shows that life has possibilities..." and earlier "new forms of life". The overall topic is about discovering new forms of life, biological life, organisms. The sense is about life as living organisms, the phenomenon of life, or living things collectively. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. characteristic state or mode of living (social life, city life) - not relevant here, it's about biological life forms.
2. experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities (living) - not about human experience, but about life forms.
3. course of existence of an individual; actions and events in living - not about individual life courses, but about types of life forms.
4. condition of living or the state of being alive (animation, living, aliveness) - this could work: "life has possibilities" meaning the state of being alive can exist with different elements. But it's more abstract: condition of living.
5. period during which something is functional (lifetime) - not applicable.
6. period between birth and present - not applicable.
7. period from present until death - not applicable.
8. a living person - not applicable, bacteria is not a person.
9. animation and energy in action or expression (liveliness) - not applicable.
10. living things collectively - "the oceans are teeming with life" - this fits well: "new types of life" means new types of living things, and "life has possibilities" meaning life as a collective category of living things. The sentence: "shows that life has possibilities" can be interpreted as "living things collectively have possibilities beyond the major elements." This is a common usage: life as a mass noun referring to all living organisms.
11. the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones - "there is no life on the moon" - This is also a good candidate: the phenomenon of life. The context: "discovery of a strange bacteria ... widens the scope for finding new forms of life." Here "life" is the phenomenon. But when they say "life has possibilities", it might mean the phenomenon of life can exist in different forms. This is very close.
12. biography - no.
13. motive for living - no.
14. prison term - no.

Between 10 and 11. Sense 10: living things collectively. Sense 11: the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones. In the phrase "new forms of life", "life" often refers to the phenomenon (life as a property) or to living things (life forms). For example, "search for life on other planets" typically uses sense 11 (the organic phenomenon). "There is life on Mars" means the phenomenon exists. However, "new types of life" might lean towards living things, but in astrobiology, "life" often refers to the phenomenon. The context: "possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere" — they talk about "life" as something that can have different types. This is like saying "life" (the phenomenon) can take different forms. I think sense 11 is more precise: the organic phenomenon. The examples for 11: "there is no life on the moon" — exactly the kind of context. For 10: "the oceans are teeming with life" — that's more about abundance of living things. Here, they're talking about the possibility of life (existence of the phenomenon) in new forms, not just the collection of organisms. The phrase "life has possibilities beyond the major elements" seems to refer to the phenomenon of being alive, that it can be based on different biochemistry. So I'd choose sense 11.

But let's check: In WordNet, sense 11 is defined as "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones". That fits well. Sense 4 is "the condition of living or the state of being alive", but that is more about the state of a specific organism. Sense 10 is "living things collectively". I think the best is 11.

Now, the instruction says: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I need to output the sense index number. The options are numbered 1 through 14. So I'll output {"sense_index": 11}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possibility
Target surface form: possibilities
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has <t>possibilities</t> beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03:: | definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00:: | definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01:: | definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "possibilities" in context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential." The sentence: "life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."

We need to choose the best sense from the four candidates.

Sense 1: "a future prospect or potential" example: "this room has great possibilities" – this is about potential for development or future use.

Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true" synonyms: possibleness. Example: "there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired" – this is more about the state of being possible, something that might exist or happen.

Sense 3: "a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena" – this is a hypothesis/theory sense.

Sense 4: "a possible alternative" synonyms: possible action, opening. Example: "bankruptcy is always a possibility" – this is an option or alternative.

Now, in the context, "life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential." The phrase "life has possibilities" suggests that life has potential or prospects beyond what was previously thought. It's not merely that it's possible (sense 2), but that there are various future prospects or potentials for life using different elements. Sense 1: "a future prospect or potential" fits well: "this room has great possibilities" similar to "life has possibilities". Sense 4 is about alternatives, like "a possible alternative", but here "possibilities" is plural and suggests multiple potentials, not just one alternative. Sense 2 is more abstract, the state of being possible, but the sentence is about what life can do, its capabilities. "Life has possibilities" means life has potential. So sense 1 seems best.

Check: The example for sense 1: "this room has great possibilities" parallels "life has possibilities". So sense 1 is the best match.