[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of <t>cancer</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "cancer" and target surface form "cancer" in the given context. The context is a scientific text discussing cancer research, mentions tumor growth, suppressor proteins, National Cancer Institute, etc. Clearly, the word "cancer" refers to the disease, not the astrological sign, constellation, or genus. So the best sense is the first one: definition "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." Index 1. Return JSON with sense_index 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teach
Target surface form: teach
Context:
Why ca not we <t>teach</t> our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teach%2:32:00:: | definition=impart skills or knowledge to | synonyms=learn, instruct | examples=I taught them French; He instructed me in building a boat
2. sense_key=teach%2:30:00:: | definition=accustom gradually to some action or attitude | examples=The child is taught to obey her parents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "teach" in the sentence: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

We have two candidate senses:

Sense 1: teach%2:32:00:: | definition=impart skills or knowledge to | synonyms=learn, instruct | examples=I taught them French; He instructed me in building a boat

Sense 2: teach%2:30:00:: | definition=accustom gradually to some action or attitude | examples=The child is taught to obey her parents

The context: "teach our children to read, write and reckon" means imparting skills (reading, writing, arithmetic). It is clearly about imparting knowledge or skills, not about accustoming gradually to an attitude or action. The phrase "teach to read" is a classic example of imparting a skill.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.

The answer should be a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Why ca not we teach our <t>children</t> to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "children" in the sentence: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

Target lemma: child, surface: children. The context is about teaching basic skills (read, write, reckon) to "our children". The phrase "our children" suggests a relationship, likely referring to one's own offspring. The context is about education, typically of young people. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
This sense emphasizes youth, being a young person. The example "she writes books for children" fits the teaching context. But "our children" could be interpreted as "the young people in our care" (like students), not necessarily biological offspring.

2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
This sense is about being someone's child (offspring), regardless of age. "Our children" directly implies offspring. The context speaks of teaching "our children" to read, write, and reckon. Typically, parents teach their own children these basics, though it could also be in a broader societal context. The phrase "our children" strongly suggests possession (our offspring). The example "they were able to send their kids to college" parallels teaching/education of one's own children.

3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
This sense is metaphorical, about someone behaving childishly. The context is not about immaturity but about literal children. Not appropriate.

4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
This is a very specific sense, often used poetically or for groups. "Our children" here doesn't mean a clan; it's about teaching individuals. Unlikely.

Between sense 1 and 2: The key difference is whether "children" refers to young people in general or one's own offspring. "Our children" explicitly includes the possessive pronoun "our", which strongly indicates a familial relationship. The sentence says "Why can't we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" This is an appeal about what "we" should be doing for "our children", implying a collective responsibility for the next generation, but the phrase "our children" still means "the children belonging to us." It could be interpreted as either parents teaching their own kids, or society teaching its young people. However, the possessive "our" is most naturally taken as offspring: "my children" vs. "the children". Given that sense 2 specifically defines as "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age", and example "they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college" which is about raising and educating one's own children, it aligns well.

Sense 1 is defined as "a young person", which could be used with "our" in a communal sense ("our children" = the young people in our community), but the possessive often indicates a more personal relationship. In the absence of additional context like "our school's children" or "our nation's children", but the sentence just says "our children", it is likely referring to offspring. However, it's a generic statement; it could be a parent talking, or a societal lament. But sense 2 is the more specific "offspring" sense, while sense 1 is "young person". Since the sentence uses "our", it points to sense 2. I'll go with 2.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2. Return JSON.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: read
Target surface form: read
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to <t>read</t>, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=read%2:31:00:: | definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement; Have you read Salman Rushdie?
2. sense_key=read%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=say | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
3. sense_key=read%2:31:01:: | definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon
4. sense_key=read%2:31:06:: | definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes | synonyms=scan | examples=This dictionary can be read by the computer
5. sense_key=read%2:31:02:: | definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior | examples=She read the sky and predicted rain; I can't read his strange behavior
6. sense_key=read%2:31:09:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=take | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=read%2:31:05:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
8. sense_key=read%2:32:02:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=register, show, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
9. sense_key=read%2:36:05:: | definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role | examples=He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year
10. sense_key=read%2:31:08:: | definition=to hear and understand | examples=I read you loud and clear!
11. sense_key=read%2:31:04:: | definition=make sense of a language | synonyms=understand, interpret, translate | examples=She understands French; Can you read Greek?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "read" in the given context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

We need to choose the best sense from the provided candidate senses. Let's examine the context. The sentence is about teaching children to read, along with write and reckon (which means calculate or do arithmetic). It's referring to basic literacy and numeracy skills. So "read" here means the ability to interpret written text, the fundamental skill of reading. The context is clearly about education and acquiring the ability to understand written language.

Now, let's evaluate each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=read%2:31:00:: | definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement; Have you read Salman Rushdie?
   This sense is very general: interpreting written material. It fits well: teaching children to interpret written text.

2. sense_key=read%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=say | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
   This sense is about the wording of a text, not the act of reading. Not applicable.

3. sense_key=read%2:31:01:: | definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon
   This sense adds "say out loud." Teaching children to read typically includes both silent and oral reading, but the core meaning here is not specifically about reading aloud. The context does not emphasize saying out loud; it's general literacy.

4. sense_key=read%2:31:06:: | definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes | synonyms=scan | examples=This dictionary can be read by the computer
   Clearly not about teaching children to read.

5. sense_key=read%2:31:02:: | definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior | examples=She read the sky and predicted rain; I can't read his strange behavior
   Not about reading written text.

6. sense_key=read%2:31:09:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=take | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
   This is about interpreting in a certain way, not basic literacy.

7. sense_key=read%2:31:05:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
   This is about studying a subject, e.g., "reading law." Not what is meant here.

8. sense_key=read%2:32:02:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=register, show, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
   Not applicable.

9. sense_key=read%2:36:05:: | definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role | examples=He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year
   Not applicable.

10. sense_key=read%2:31:08:: | definition=to hear and understand | examples=I read you loud and clear!
    This is about radio communication, meaning "hear and understand." Not about written language.

11. sense_key=read%2:31:04:: | definition=make sense of a language | synonyms=understand, interpret, translate | examples=She understands French; Can you read Greek?
    This sense is about comprehending a language, often a foreign one. One can "read Greek" meaning understand it in written form. But the context is teaching children to read, likely in their native language, the basic skill of reading words, not necessarily making sense of a language they already speak. However, note that sense 11 could be broad: "make sense of a language" including written interpretation. But sense 1 is more directly "interpret something that is written or printed" which is the most basic definition of reading. For children, we teach them to "read" meaning to interpret written text. Sense 11 includes understanding, but the example "Can you read Greek?" suggests proficiency in a language. Here, we want the most common sense for basic literacy. Sense 1 is the most straightforward.

Comparing sense 1 and sense 11:
- Sense 1: interpret something that is written or printed (any written material).
- Sense 11: make sense of a language (specifically about language comprehension, often implying translating or interpreting the language itself).

In the phrase "teach our children to read," we mean teach them to decode and understand written words, which is essentially sense 1. Sense 11 might also fit, but sense 1 is more general and common for this usage. Also, note that sense 11 might be more about understanding a language that one already speaks, or a foreign language, but teaching to read typically focuses on the written form. The context "read, write and reckon" strongly suggests the three R's (reading, writing, arithmetic), so "read" is the skill of reading written text.

Thus, sense 1 is the best.

Now, ensure we follow the output format: return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: write
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to find the best sense for "write" in the sentence: "Why can't we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" The context is talking about basic skills: reading, writing, and reckoning (arithmetic). So "write" here likely means the basic skill of writing, as in forming letters or words on paper. Among the candidates, sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" fits exactly: "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of paper." That's the physical act of writing. Sense 1 is about producing literary works; sense 2 is about communicating by writing; sense 3 is publishing; sense 4 is dropping a line; sense 5 is communicating by letter; sense 6 is music; sense 8 is computer data; sense 9 is spelling; sense 10 is coding. The basic educational skill is sense 7.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reckon
Target surface form: reckon
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reckon%2:31:02:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=think, opine, suppose, imagine, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
2. sense_key=reckon%2:31:03:: | definition=judge to be probable | synonyms=calculate, estimate, count on, figure, forecast
3. sense_key=reckon%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=see, consider, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
4. sense_key=reckon%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical calculation or computation | synonyms=calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure
5. sense_key=reckon%2:31:05:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, look, calculate | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support
6. sense_key=reckon%2:31:13:: | definition=take account of | synonyms=count | examples=You have to reckon with our opponents; Count on the monsoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "reckon" in the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." The target is "reckon" in the phrase "read, write and reckon". This is a traditional triad: reading, writing, and arithmetic (the three R's). "Reckon" here is used in the sense of arithmetic, i.e., to calculate or do mathematical computations. Looking at the candidate senses: sense 4 is "make a mathematical calculation or computation" with synonyms calculate, cipher, etc. That fits perfectly. The other senses are about believing, estimating probability, deeming, having faith, or taking account of, none of which fit the educational context of basic skills. So the answer is sense_index 4.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "know" in the context: "It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." The target surface form is "know" and the context includes "how to" immediately after. The sentence structure: "we do not know how to" is an ellipsis of "we do not know how to [teach our children to read, write and reckon]". So "know how to" indicates knowledge of how to perform an action. This matches sense 2: "know how to do or perform something" with examples: "She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?" The context directly uses "know how to". Sense 2 is clearly the best fit. Other senses are about knowing facts, being familiar with, etc., but the presence of "how to" strongly points to sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not <t>want</t> to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The target is "want" in: "It's that we do not want to." The full context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..." So, "want to" refers to wanting to teach children to read, write, and reckon. The meaning is a desire or volition to do something. Looking at the senses:

1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room

2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you

4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!

5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

The context "we do not want to" expresses a lack of desire. Sense 1 fits perfectly: "feel or have a desire for; want strongly", with example "I want to go home now" (which is a "want to" construction). The sense is about desiring to do something. The other senses don't fit: sense 2 is "need", sense 3 is "hunt for", sense 4 is "wish or demand the presence of", sense 5 is "lack". So the best is sense 1.

Output must be JSON like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "reason" in the given context. The target lemma is "reason", surface form is "reason". The context is:

"Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Here, "the reason we do not want to" refers to the cause or explanation for why we do not want to teach children. It is a justification or cause. The context says: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish..." So "reason" here means the cause or explanation for the action (not wanting to teach). Among the candidate senses:

1. reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration

This sense is about a rational motive. Possibly fitting, but the context emphasizes "the reason we do not want to is that..." which is more like a cause or explanation.

2. reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly

This sense explicitly says "an explanation of the cause". The example mirrors the structure: "the reason [phenomenon] was that [explanation]". In our context: "the reason we do not want to is that..." So it matches this pattern perfectly. It's an explanation of the cause.

3. reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect. This is about mental faculty, not applicable.

4. reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness. Not applicable.

5. reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice. This is close, but it emphasizes justification. "they had good reason to rejoice" means they had justification. In the context, "the reason we do not want to" is more of an explanatory cause than a justification. However, it could be seen as a justification. But sense 2 is specifically "an explanation of the cause" and the example structure matches perfectly: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that...". So sense 2 is more precise.

6. reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying. This is about evidence, "there is reason to believe". Not matching the "the reason X is that Y" structure.

Thus, the best fit is sense 2.

Now, we need to return a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} but with the index of the chosen sense. The sense indices are numbered 1 through 6. So we choose index 2.

Response: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to find the correct sense of "want" in the given context: "It's that we do not want to." The sentence is: "It's that we do not want to." And the broader context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

Here, "want" is used as "do not want to" (teach them to read, write and reckon). The phrase "do not want to" indicates a lack of desire or willingness to do something. So the sense is about desire or volition.

Looking at the senses:

1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room. This is about desiring something, often with an infinitive (want to do something). The example "I want to go home now" matches the "want to" structure. So this seems like the right sense.

2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner. This is more about needing something, not about personal desire. The context is "we do not want to" teach, which is not a need but a lack of desire.

3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you. This is about being sought or wanted by authorities. Not relevant.

4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon! This is about wanting someone's presence. Not "want to" do something.

5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living. This is about lacking something. The phrase "do not want to" would not mean "do not lack to"; it's about volition.

So sense 1 is the best match. It's the common sense of "desire" with an infinitive, exactly as in the context "we do not want to".

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that <t>effective</t> education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for "effective" in the given context. The target is "effective education" – the context says "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..." The intended meaning is education that produces the desired results, that is successful in teaching children to read, write, and reckon. So it's about education that is capable of achieving the goal. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect" – synonyms: effectual, efficacious. Example: "effective teaching methods". This fits perfectly with "effective education".

2. "able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively" – synonyms: efficient. Example: "highly effective persons". This sense is more about people being effective.

3. "works well as a means or remedy" – examples: "an effective reprimand", "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat". That's more about something being effective as a treatment or measure.

4. "exerting force or influence" – synonyms: good, in effect, in force. Example: "the law is effective immediately". That's about being in effect or operative.

5. "existing in fact; not theoretical; real" – example: "effective demand". That's about actual or real, not the sense here.

6. "ready for service" – "effective soldiers". That's about being fit for duty.

Clearly, sense 1 is the best fit: "effective education" means education that produces the intended result. The example "effective teaching methods" is analogous.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective <t>education</t> would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for "education" in the given context. The context is: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

The target word is "education" in the phrase "effective education". We need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate list.

Candidate senses:

1. Activities of educating/instructing; imparting knowledge or skill (synonyms: instruction, teaching, etc.)
2. Knowledge acquired by learning and instruction.
3. The gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
4. The profession of teaching.
5. Result of good upbringing (training, breeding).
6. US federal department.

In the context, "effective education" is what we are not doing because we don't want to. It's about teaching children to read, write, reckon. So it's about the activity of educating. The sentence says "effective education would require us to relinquish..." So it's talking about the process or activity of educating. Sense 1 fits best: activities of educating or instructing. Sense 3 is "gradual process of acquiring knowledge" which is more about the learner's process, but here the focus is on the teaching side — "why ca not we teach" and "effective education" as something we (as society) would provide. Sense 1 includes instruction, teaching, pedagogy. Sense 4 is the profession, but that doesn't fit because "effective education" isn't about the profession itself. Sense 2 is the knowledge acquired, but the phrase "effective education" could be ambiguous, but the context: "teach our children" and "education would require us to relinquish" suggests the system or activities of educating. Sense 1 is the most direct: the activities of educating. The examples for sense 1: "he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed." That matches: "effective education" as the instruction. Sense 3's example: "education is a preparation for life" could also fit, but sense 1 is more about the deliberate teaching activities. The context emphasizes that we know how to teach (we know how to instruct) but we don't want to. So effective education = effective teaching/instruction. Thus, sense 1.

I'll go with sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "require" in the given context. Let's examine the context: "effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs ..." The phrase is "would require us to relinquish". So, "require" here means something like "to demand" or "to necessitate". Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. require as useful, just, or proper; synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve. Example: "success usually requires hard work". This sense is about something being necessary or needed.

2. consider obligatory; request and expect. Synonyms: ask, expect. Example: "We require our secretary to be on time". This sense is more about imposing a rule or obligation on someone.

3. make someone do something. Synonyms: command. This is a stronger sense, like to order or compel.

4. have need of. Synonyms: want, need. Example: "This piano wants the attention..." This is about needing something, like an object requiring attention.

In the context, "effective education would require us to relinquish..." The meaning is that for effective education to happen, it is necessary that we relinquish those beliefs. It is not that someone is commanding us, but rather that the situation or goal (effective education) necessitates that action. Compare with sense 1: "success usually requires hard work" – hard work is a necessary condition for success. Similarly, relinquishing beliefs is a necessary condition for effective education. Sense 2 is more about a person or entity imposing a requirement: "We require our secretary to be on time" – the subject is a person making a demand. Here, the subject is "effective education", an abstract concept, not a person. So sense 2 is less likely. Sense 3 (command) is even stronger and typically used with a person as subject. Sense 4 (have need of) usually takes a direct object of the thing needed: "I need water" vs. "I need you to do something". In our context, the structure is "require us to relinquish", so it's a verb pattern with an infinitive clause, not just "require something". Sense 1 can also take an infinitive, as in the example: "It takes nerve to do what she did" but "require" in sense 1 is often used with a gerund or that-clause: "success requires working hard" or "requires that you work hard". However, the pattern "require someone to do something" is also possible with sense 1? But let's examine: The definition of sense 1 is "require as useful, just, or proper", and it includes the example "success usually requires hard work" – that's a transitive with a direct object. But it can also take an infinitive: "The situation requires us to act." That would still be sense 1, meaning necessity. Sense 2 specifically mentions "request and expect" and the example "We require our secretary to be on time" shows a person subject imposing an obligation. Since our subject is inanimate ("effective education"), sense 1 is more appropriate: the necessity arises from the circumstances, not from a person's demand.

Also, note the phrase "would require us to" – this is a conditional: if we want effective education, it would necessitate relinquishing beliefs. That's clearly a logical necessity, so sense 1 fits best.

Thus, I'll choose sense_index 1.

Now, output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the target word "relinquish" in the given context. The context says: "effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature ...". So, we need to give up or cease to hold onto beliefs. The object is "beliefs".

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. part with a possession or right (e.g., giving up a bedroom, resigning a claim) — this is about concrete possessions or rights.
2. do without or cease to hold or adhere to (e.g., dispense with formalities, relinquish old ideas) — this fits with giving up beliefs, ideas, etc. It mentions "old ideas" explicitly.
3. turn away from; give up (foreswear, renounce, quit) — examples: "I am foreswearing women forever" — seems more about renouncing something like a habit or relationship, possibly stronger. But it's also about beliefs? The definition says "turn away from; give up", which could work. However, sense 2 specifically mentions "old ideas" which is very close to "beliefs".
4. release, as from one's grip (let go of physically) — not appropriate.

The context is about relinquishing beliefs. Sense 2: "do without or cease to hold or adhere to" with example "relinquish the old ideas" matches perfectly. Sense 3 could also be about renouncing, but sense 2 is more directly about beliefs/ideas. The synonyms for sense 2: waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with. And sense 3: foreswear, renounce, quit. There is overlap. But the definition of sense 2 emphasizes adherence to something like an idea, while sense 3 is more about turning away from something perhaps more concrete. Given the example "relinquish the old ideas", sense 2 is best.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: target lemma "belief", surface form "beliefs", context paragraph. Two candidate senses. Need to pick the best index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Context: "Why can't we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

The word "beliefs" appears twice. First: "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" – these are not vague ideas; they are strongly held convictions, cognitive content held as true. They are metaphysical, meaning fundamental assumptions. They are "cherished" and "dominate" and are hard to challenge. The second mention "These beliefs" reinforces they are established doctrines. Sense 1: any cognitive content held as true. Sense 2: vague idea with confidence, but synonyms include impression, feeling, notion, opinion. These are less strong. The context emphasizes these beliefs are deeply held and influential, not vague. Also, the word "metaphysical" suggests abstract, foundational beliefs, not mere impressions. Sense 2's examples show subjective impressions: "his impression of her was favorable" or "feelings about the crisis" – transient, personal. Here, beliefs are systemic and dominant. So sense 1 is better.

Answer as JSON with sense_index: 1.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "young" in the given context. The target surface form is "young" in the phrase "the human nature of young people in particular". The context is about teaching children to read, write, and reckon, and the author says that effective education would require relinquishing beliefs about human nature, especially of young people. The candidate senses are provided with sense keys, definitions, synonyms, and examples.

We need to choose the best indexed sense (1 to 5) based on the context. The context explicitly mentions "young people", which is directly an example of sense 1: "young people". Sense 1 definition: "(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth" with synonyms "immature" and examples "young people". That matches exactly. Sense 2 is about crops, not relevant. Sense 3 is about being suggestive of youth, vigorous and fresh, but the context isn't about being vigorous, just about young people in terms of age. Sense 4 is about being in an early stage, like a young industry, but here it's people. Sense 5 is about inexperience, but the context doesn't emphasize inexperience; it's more about their nature as young individuals. While young people might be inexperienced, the phrase "young people" is a direct match for sense 1. The definition explicitly says "especially persons" and gives "young people" as an example. So sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "people" in the given context. Let's analyze the context.

Context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? ... the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular ..."

The phrase is "young people", referring to children or youths.

Now, the senses:

1. (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively. Example: old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience.
2. the body of citizens of a state or country. Synonym: citizenry. Example: the Spanish people.
3. members of a family line. Example: his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. the common people generally. Synonyms: multitude, masses, etc. Example: power to the people.

In the context, "young people" clearly means young human beings collectively. It is not referring to citizens of a state, not a family line, and not the masses/common people specifically. It's the general sense of human beings. Sense 1 fits perfectly.

Thus, I choose sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "violate" in the given context. We have six candidate senses with definitions, synonyms, and examples. We need to choose the single best indexed sense based on the context.

Context: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs ... as well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

The target phrase is "violate some cherished vested interests." Here, "violate" is used with "vested interests." Vested interests are personal stakes or rights. The phrase suggests acting against those interests, perhaps disregarding or breaching them. It's not about physical destruction or sexual assault. It's about failing to respect or adhere to something that is cherished. The context mentions beliefs that are cherished, so vested interests are also cherished, and violating them means going against them.

Looking at the senses:

1. fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns. Example: This sentence violates the rules of syntax. Synonyms: go against, break. This fits with violating interests as if they are like rules or agreements. But interests aren't exactly rules; they are more like personal concerns.

2. act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises. Synonyms: transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break. This is about disregarding laws or promises. Vested interests might be seen as commitments or implicit promises? Possibly.

3. destroy. Examples: Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy. This implies intrusion or destruction. Violating privacy is a strong interference. But "vested interests" are abstract; destroying them might be metaphorical. However, the context says "violate some cherished vested interests." It could mean acting against them, not necessarily destroying them completely.

4. violate the sacred character of a place or language. Synonyms: desecrate, profane, outrage. This is about profaning something sacred. Interests aren't sacred, but they are "cherished," so maybe metaphorically? But the examples are about physical places or language.

5. force someone to have sex. Clearly not applicable.

6. destroy and strip of its possession. Synonyms: rape, spoil, despoil, plunder. Example: soldiers raped the country. This is about plundering, physical destruction. Not applicable to interests.

The most common meaning of "violate" when applied to abstract things like rules, laws, agreements, or principles is sense 2: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises." Sense 1 is very similar but specifically about failing to agree with rules or patterns. Sense 2 seems broader: "act in disregard of..." It mentions "offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization." So it's used for fundamental principles. Vested interests might be seen as akin to unwritten rules or agreements that should be respected. The context says we need to violate them, meaning we have to go against them, disregard them. That aligns with sense 2.

Sense 3 "destroy" could be argued because you "violate privacy" but privacy is an abstract concept, and violating it means intruding. But the example "Don't violate my garden" is physical. Typically, "violate interests" would mean to act contrary to them, not to destroy them. For instance, if you have a vested interest in something, violating that interest might mean undermining it. But the phrase "violate vested interests" is not a common collocation; usually, we say "act against vested interests" or "undermine." "Violate" is more often paired with rules, rights, principles. However, vested interests are like rights or stakes. So sense 2, which includes "go against" and "breach," seems appropriate. Sense 1 is more about conformity to patterns, not about disregarding something important.

Given the context of cherished beliefs and interests, the idea is that effective education would require us to go against or disregard these cherished interests. That's a violation in the sense of transgressing against them. So I'll go with sense 2.

Check: Sense 2 definition: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises." Interests aren't explicitly laws, but they can be considered as something we ought to respect, like unwritten rules. The synonyms "go against, breach" fit. Sense 1 is about "failing to agree with" which is more passive; sense 2 is about actively disregarding. In the context, it's about relinquishing beliefs and violating interests—active choices. So sense 2 is better.

Thus, the chosen sense index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "belief" with surface form "beliefs". The context is a passage about education, mentioning "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" and how these "beliefs" dominate educational establishments. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

We need to choose the best sense. Sense 1 is very broad: any cognitive content held as true. Sense 2 is more specific: a vague idea with confidence, like an impression or feeling. In the context, "metaphysical beliefs" suggests deep-seated convictions about human nature, not vague feelings. The beliefs are described as "cherished" and dominating institutions. They seem like firmly held truths, not vague notions. So sense 1 fits better: they are cognitive content held as true. Sense 2's synonyms (impression, feeling, notion) and example (vague idea) don't match the context. Therefore, the best sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "so" in context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." The candidate senses are listed. We need to pick the best indexed sense.

Let's analyze the context. The structure is "so dominate ... that ...". This is a common construction: "so [verb] that [result]". It means to such a great extent or degree that something happens. Sense 7: "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed" with examples: "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells". That matches exactly. Sense 1 is "to a very great extent or degree" but doesn't mention the "that" clause, though it's similar. But sense 7 specifically says "usually followed by 'that'", and the context has "so dominate ... that it seems ...". So sense 7 is the best match. Note: Sense indices are 1-based from the list. The candidate senses are numbered 1 to 10. So we choose 7.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 7}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "educational" in the given context. The two candidate senses are:
- Sense 1: relating to the process of education; example: educational psychology.
- Sense 2: providing knowledge; example: an educational film.

The context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? ... These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

The phrase "educational establishment" refers to institutions involved in education, such as schools, colleges, education systems. It is about the system or process of education, not about something that provides knowledge in a general instructive sense. "Educational establishment" is a common collocation referring to the institutional framework of education. So sense 1 ("relating to the process of education") fits better.

Sense 2 is more about something being instructive, like "an educational film" meaning a film that teaches something. But here "educational establishment" is not a film; it's the establishment (institutions) related to education.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the target word "establishment" in the provided context. The context discusses educational beliefs dominating the "educational establishment", along with media, politicians, and parents. The phrase is "our educational establishment". This refers to the group of people or institutions that control or administer education, i.e., the established authorities in the field of education. Among the candidate senses, sense 3 fits: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" with synonyms like administration, governance, governing body. This matches the idea of the educational establishment as the ruling body or administrators. The context says "our educational establishment" alongside media, politicians, parents—it refers to the people in charge of education. So index 3 is most appropriate.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "politicians" in the given context. The target is "politicians", but the candidate senses are given for "politician" (the base form). We need to choose the best sense among three options:

1. a leader engaged in civil administration
2. a person active in party politics (synonyms: politico, pol, political leader)
3. a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example."

The sentence says: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents..." Here, "politicians" is mentioned alongside educational establishment, media, and parents. The context suggests that these beliefs are cherished and influence various groups. The mention of "politicians" here likely refers to people in political roles, not necessarily schemers. The tone is about societal beliefs dominating institutions and groups. Sense 1 (a leader engaged in civil administration) might fit, but sense 2 (a person active in party politics) is broader and more common for elected officials. Sense 3 (schemer) has a negative connotation, which might be possible, but the context does not specifically emphasize sly or underhanded behavior; it's more about beliefs dominating them. The phrase "cherished metaphysical beliefs" is not about scheming but about ideology. So, sense 2 is the most direct: politicians as political figures. Sense 1 is too narrow (civil administration), and sense 3 is pejorative and not clearly indicated. Therefore, I'll choose sense 2.

Answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the sentence: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." The target word is "even". We need to choose the best sense among the four provided.

Let's analyze the context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." The word "even" here is used to introduce a surprising or unexpected addition to the list: the beliefs dominate not only the expected groups (educational establishment, media, politicians) but also our parents, which might be unexpected or surprising. It functions similarly to "even" as an intensive particle indicating something unexpected or extreme.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected" – examples: even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea. This matches the usage: it points out that the beliefs dominate even our parents, which might be surprising because parents are often thought to be more nurturing or less institutional.
2. "in spite of; notwithstanding" – examples: even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him. This sense is more about concession, like "despite the fact that". In our sentence, it's not about "in spite of" parents; it's about including parents in the list of dominators.
3. "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" – examples: looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem. This sense typically involves a comparative: even worse, even more interesting. There is no comparative in the sentence.
4. "to the full extent" – examples: loyal even unto death. This sense indicates an extreme extent, like "loyal even unto death". That doesn't fit here.

Thus, sense 1 is the best: it's an intensive indicating unexpectedness. The sentence suggests that it is surprising that parents are also dominated by these beliefs, hence "even our parents". So sense_index = 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "parents" in the given context. The context is about education, beliefs, vested interests, and then says "our politicians, and even our parents". Clearly, "parents" refers to human parents, i.e., mothers and fathers. Sense 1 matches: "a father or mother; one who begets..." Sense 2 is about organisms in general, less likely. So choose sense 1.

Return JSON with index 1.