[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's <t>case</t>. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "case" in the given context. The target is "Dr. Sheppard's case". The context: "Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case."

The text mentions a landmark 1966 ruling about Dr. Sam Sheppard, where the Supreme Court overturned a conviction. So "case" here refers to a legal proceeding, a court case. Let's check the candidate senses:

3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

This fits: a court proceeding. The context is about legal appeals, convictions, Supreme Court ruling. So "Dr. Sheppard's case" means the legal case of Sheppard.

Other senses: 1 (occurrence), 2 (circumstances), 4 (state of things), 8 (problem requiring investigation like detective case), 9 (statement to support argument), etc. Sense 8 might be confused because it says "Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir" – that's also a legal investigation but more in the detective/problem sense. However, in this context, "case" is directly referring to the Supreme Court case. The phrase "Dr. Sheppard's case" is clearly the lawsuit that went to the Supreme Court. So sense 3 (lawsuit) is the best. Sense 8 is a problem requiring investigation, but the context is clearly about a court proceeding. So answer: 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general <t>reason</t> for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "reason" and target surface form "reason" in the given context. The context is: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media in high-profile trials..." The candidate senses are given with sense keys, definitions, synonyms, and examples. We need to output a JSON object like {"sense_index": i} where i is the number of the best sense (from 1 to 6).

Let's analyze the context: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" — here "reason" is used as a noun, and it's in the phrase "reason for concern". This means there is some basis or justification for being concerned. The phrase "reason for concern" typically means there is a cause or grounds to be concerned. So the sense should be something like a justification or a rational motive.

Now examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_index 1: definition="a rational motive for a belief or action" | synonyms=ground | examples="the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration"
2. sense_index 2: definition="an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" | examples="the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly"
3. sense_index 3: definition="the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination" | synonyms=understanding, intellect
4. sense_index 4: definition="the state of having good sense and sound judgment" | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness
5. sense_index 5: definition="a justification for something existing or happening" | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples="he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice"
6. sense_index 6: definition="a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" | examples="there is reason to believe he is lying"

The context: "a general reason for concern" — It expresses a general cause or justification for concern. The word "reason" here is not about the capacity for thought (sense 3) or the state of good judgment (sense 4). It's not an explanation (sense 2) because it's not explaining why something happened; it's expressing that there is a reason (justification) for being concerned. Sense 1 is "a rational motive for a belief or action" — that could fit because concern is a kind of belief or attitude. Sense 5 is "a justification for something existing or happening" with synonyms "cause, grounds". Sense 6 is "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" with example "there is reason to believe he is lying". That example closely parallels "there is a general reason for concern". In both, it's a fact that justifies a conclusion (belief that he is lying, or concern). Sense 1 also has examples like "the reason that war was declared" which is more about the motive. But sense 6 seems directly applicable: "there is reason to believe he is lying" matches "there is a reason for concern". Moreover, sense 5 says "a justification for something existing or happening" and example "they had good reason to rejoice" also fits. However, let's differentiate: sense 1 focuses on "motive", while sense 5 is "justification for something existing or happening" and sense 6 is "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion". The context is about a concern, which is an emotion or attitude, not an action. "Reason for concern" is a common phrase meaning grounds for concern. It seems like it's a fact that justifies the concern. I think sense 6 is a perfect match: "there is reason to believe he is lying" is analogous to "there is a general reason for concern". Sense 5 also works, but sense 6 is more precise: it emphasizes a fact that logically justifies a conclusion. The concern is based on a fact (the impact of new media). So I'll go with sense_index 6.

Check if any other sense might be better. Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action" — concern is a belief or feeling, so it's plausible. But the example "the reason that war was declared" uses "reason" as the explanation for an action, and it's synonymous with "ground". In "reason for concern", it's synonymous with "ground" too. But sense 6 explicitly has "there is reason to believe he is lying" which is an exact structural match. I think both 1 and 6 could be argued, but 6 seems more directly applicable because the definition mentions "premise or conclusion" and the example shows "reason to believe". Similarly, "reason for concern" is like "reason to be concerned". So I'll choose sense 6.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 6}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concern
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for <t>concern</t> about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "concern" in the given context. The target is the noun "concern" in the sentence: "There is a general reason for <t>concern</t> about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials. The context discusses concerns about media impact on trial fairness. The phrase "reason for concern" indicates a feeling of worry or a source of anxiety. Let's examine each sense:

1. sense 1: "something that interests you because it is important or affects you" – This is a broad sense of something of interest or importance. Example: "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern." It doesn't specifically convey anxiety; it's more about responsibility or interest.

2. sense 2: "an anxious feeling" – Synonyms: care, fear. Examples: "care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction." This directly matches "concern" as a feeling of anxiety. The context talks about "reason for concern" implying apprehension about media impact.

3. sense 3: "a feeling of sympathy for someone or something" – Example: "She felt strong concern for those less fortunate." This is concern as compassion, not anxiety. The context is about worry over media impact, not sympathy.

4. sense 4: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" – Synonyms: worry, headache. Example: "New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry." This is a concrete source of anxiety. The phrase "reason for concern" could point to this: the impact of new media is a cause for concern. However, the phrase "reason for concern" typically treats "concern" as the feeling itself rather than the source. But it's ambiguous: "concern about the impact" could be either the feeling or the thing causing worry. The sentence: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" – here "concern" is modified by "about the impact", so it's the feeling of concern regarding the impact. The "reason for X" construction often uses a noun that denotes a state or feeling: "reason for alarm", "reason for worry". That suggests sense 2 (an anxious feeling) rather than sense 4 (a source of anxiety). The example for sense 2 includes "fear of public reaction" which is similar. So sense 2 fits better.

5. sense 5: "a commercial or industrial enterprise" – Not relevant.

Given the context of worry about media influence, the best sense is sense 2: an anxious feeling. Sense 4 is a source of anxiety, but "concern" as used here is the feeling itself. The professor says there is reason for concern (anxiety) about the impact. So I choose sense 2.

Return {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the <t>impact</t> of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "impact" and target surface form "impact". The context is about the effect of new media on high-profile trials. The sentence: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials. So "impact" here means the effect or influence of new media. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. physical striking
2. a forceful consequence; a strong effect (wallop); example: "the book had an important impact on my thinking"
3. influencing strongly (impingement, encroachment); example: "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture"
4. violent interaction of individuals or groups in combat

Sense 2 and 3 are close. Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" with synonyms "wallop". Sense 3: "influencing strongly" with synonyms "impingement, encroachment". The example for sense 3: "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture" suggests a negative influence or intrusion. In the context, "impact of the new media" is simply about the effect, not necessarily negative or an encroachment. The phrase "impact" is being used generally to mean the effect or consequence. Sense 2 includes the example "the book had an important impact on my thinking" which is neutral/positive. Sense 3's synonyms "impingement, encroachment" imply an intrusion or unwelcome influence. The context doesn't specify that the impact is an encroachment; it's just the effect. So sense 2 fits better. Also, sense 2 is defined as "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" which matches "impact". Therefore, I choose sense 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trials
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile <t>trials</t>, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "trials" in the context: "...in high-profile trials...". The context is about legal proceedings, specifically appeals courts, convictions, and the Sheppard case. The phrase "high-profile trials" clearly refers to judicial trials, legal proceedings to determine guilt or innocence. Sense 4 matches: "(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law". The example: "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty" fits. The context mentions "appeals courts", "conviction", "overturned the conviction", "carnival atmosphere at trial", "reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction", etc. So sense 4 is correct.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: connecticut
Target surface form: Connecticut
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the <t>Connecticut</t> death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=connecticut%1:15:00:: | definition=a New England state; one of the original 13 colonies | synonyms=Nutmeg State, Constitution State, CT
2. sense_key=connecticut%1:17:00:: | definition=a river in the northeastern United States; flows south from northern New Hampshire along the border between New Hampshire and Vermont and through Massachusetts and Connecticut where it empties into Long Island Sound | synonyms=Connecticut River
3. sense_key=connecticut%1:15:01:: | definition=one of the British colonies that formed the United States

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "connecticut" with surface form "Connecticut". The context is about a legal case involving Dr. Sam Sheppard, and then mentions John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the "Connecticut death penalty" and wrote a report. The phrase "Connecticut death penalty" clearly refers to the state of Connecticut, where the death penalty was studied. So the sense is the state, not the river or the historical colony sense. Sense 1 is "a New England state; one of the original 13 colonies" with synonyms "Nutmeg State, Constitution State, CT". Sense 2 is the river. Sense 3 is the historical colony. The context is modern and refers to the death penalty in the state. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a <t>report</t> that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "report" in the given context. The target surface form is "report" and the lemma is "report". The context: "... John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced."

We have 7 candidate senses. We need to choose the best sense based on context. The context says: "wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced." So it's a written document describing findings. That matches sense 1: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group", synonyms: study, written report. Example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". That fits perfectly. The other senses: sense 2 is about verbal report; sense 3 is news report; sense 4 is explosive sound; sense 5 is report card; sense 6 is essay assignment; sense 7 is reputation. Clearly, in this context, it's a written report. So sense_index 1.

Output JSON with {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appeal
Target surface form: appeals
Context:
For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some <t>appeals</t> judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appeal%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, prayer | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
2. sense_key=appeal%1:07:00:: | definition=attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates | synonyms=appealingness, charm | examples=his smile was part of his appeal to her
3. sense_key=appeal%1:04:00:: | definition=(law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trial | examples=their appeal was denied in the superior court
4. sense_key=appeal%1:10:02:: | definition=request for a sum of money | synonyms=solicitation, collection, ingathering | examples=an appeal to raise money for starving children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate "appeals" in the context: "Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued..." and later: "Professor Donohue said some <t>appeals</t> judges might be intrigued..." The target word is "appeals" which is the plural form of "appeal" used as a modifier in "appeals courts" and "appeals judges". This refers to courts that hear appeals, i.e., appellate courts. So the sense is legal: a proceeding in which a higher court reviews a lower court's decision. That matches sense 3: "(law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court..." The context is clearly about legal appeals. Synonyms like "appealingness" or "entreaty" don't fit. So the answer is sense index 3.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: judge
Target surface form: judges
Context:
For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals <t>judges</t> might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "judges" in the given context. The two candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Context: The target is "judges" in the sentence: "Professor Donohue said some appeals <t>judges</t> might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer."

This is clearly referring to judges in the legal/court system. They are "appeals judges" — judges who serve on an appeals court. This aligns perfectly with sense 1: a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice. Sense 2 is about an evaluator in a general sense, which is not applicable here.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1. The JSON output should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the <t>idea</t> that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "idea" in the given context. Let's analyze the context: "... Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer."

Here, "idea" refers to a thought or concept: the proposal that limiting instant communication could improve fairness. The synonyms and examples: Sense 1: "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about" with example "it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind." This fits well: the idea is a thought or concept that might intrigue judges. Sense 2 is about intention: "your intention; what you intend to do" – but here it's not about intention, but a propositional thought. Sense 3: "a personal view" – example: "he has an idea that we don't like him" – this is a belief or suspicion, not matching the proposal. Sense 4: "an approximate calculation" – unrelated. Sense 5: music theme – clearly not. So sense 1 is the best fit. The context says "intrigued by the idea that..." – it's the content of cognition. So I'll choose sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: communication
Target surface form: communication
Context:
For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant <t>communication</t> from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=communication%1:10:01:: | definition=the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information | synonyms=communicating | examples=they could not act without official communication from Moscow
2. sense_key=communication%1:03:00:: | definition=something that is communicated by or to or between people or groups
3. sense_key=communication%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection allowing access between persons or places | examples=how many lines of communication can there be among four people?; a secret passageway provided communication between the two rooms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: communication; Target surface form: communication; Context: ... limiting instant <t>communication</t> from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=communication%1:10:01:: | definition=the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information | synonyms=communicating | examples=they could not act without official communication from Moscow
2. sense_key=communication%1:03:00:: | definition=something that is communicated by or to or between people or groups
3. sense_key=communication%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection allowing access between persons or places | examples=how many lines of communication can there be among four people?; a secret passageway provided communication between the two rooms

We need to choose the best sense for "communication" in the phrase "limiting instant communication from courtrooms". The context is about rules to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms, specifically about new media like Twitter. The argument is that limiting instant communication might make trials fairer. So "communication" here refers to the activity of conveying information, specifically instant communication like tweets. Sense 1 is "the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information". That fits perfectly: limiting the activity of instant communication. Sense 2 is about something that is communicated (a message). But the phrase is not about limiting the messages themselves, but the act of communicating instantly. Sense 3 is about a connection allowing access, which doesn't fit.

Thus, the best sense is 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trials
Context:
For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make <t>trials</t> fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to determine the best sense for "trials" in the given context. The context discusses legal proceedings, specifically mentioning "courtrooms", "appeals judges", "conviction", "trial", "fair trial", etc. The target word appears in: "limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer." Clearly, "trials" here refers to legal proceedings, the judicial process to determine guilt or innocence. That matches sense 4: "the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law", with examples like "he had a fair trial". The context is about media coverage affecting trial fairness, so sense 4 is appropriate. No other sense fits. Thus, the answer is sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter <t>issue</t> is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word "issue" in the context: "The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution."

Context: It's about a legal case where lawyers are arguing about new rules for communication from courtrooms, and the "Twitter issue" is one of many issues they raise. The sentence: "The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers..." So "issue" here refers to a matter of concern, a topic being debated or argued. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled (examples: the issue could be settled... politicians never discuss the real issues) - This fits well: the Twitter question is an important question in dispute, among many.

2. periodical number - no.

3. topic, subject, matter - definition: some situation or event that is thought about. This could also work, but sense 1 is more specific to something in dispute that must be settled. In legal context, it's a point of contention. The phrase "to be argued for years" suggests it's disputed. Sense 1 explicitly says "in dispute and must be settled". Sense 3 is more general: "situation or event that is thought about". The examples for sense 3: "he kept drifting off the topic" - that's a general topic. In contrast, sense 1 is about an important question in dispute. Legal briefs often refer to "the issue" as the legal question to be decided. So sense 1 is the most precise.

4. issuing something - no.

5. military supplies - no.

6. income - no.

7. consequence - no.

8. offspring - no.

9. emergence - no.

10. exit - no.

11. publication - no.

So the choice is between 1 and 3, but 1 is more accurate as it explicitly captures the disputatious nature. Sense 3 is broader. The context is about a legal argument, so "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" fits perfectly. Hence, sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for <t>years</t>, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "years" in the context: "The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution." The target is "years". We need to choose the best sense among four given WordNet senses.

Let's analyze the context: The phrase "likely to be argued for years" means that the legal arguments will continue for a long period of time—specifically, a number of years. This refers to a duration of time, a period of multiple years.
Now, look at the candidate senses:
1. "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" — this is the literal definition of a year as a unit of time (a specific calendar year). The example "she is 4 years old" uses it for age, expressing a duration. The word "years" here is plural, indicating multiple such periods. So this sense could apply: argued for several periods of 365 days each.
2. "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity" — example: a school year. This is a specific type of year, like an academic year, fiscal year, etc. In the context, there's no indication that "years" refers to a special activity-based year; it's just a general long time. So this is less likely.
3. "the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun" — this is the astronomical definition, often used in contexts like "Martian year". Again, not appropriate for legal arguments delaying an execution.
4. "a body of students who graduate together" — clearly not relevant.

Sense 1 is the most general: a unit of time consisting of 365/366 days. When we say "argued for years", we mean argued for several of these units. Sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 2 is a specialized use, and there's no indication of a specific activity-based year. So sense 1 is the best.

Check the synonyms and examples. Sense 1: synonyms "twelvemonth, yr", examples: "she is 4 years old; in the year 1920". The first example shows plural "years" for age, a duration. So it's appropriate.

Thus, the selected sense index is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: execution
Target surface form: execution
Context:
In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an <t>execution</t>. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=execution%1:04:00:: | definition=putting a condemned person to death | synonyms=executing, capital punishment, death penalty
2. sense_key=execution%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it | synonyms=performance, carrying out, carrying into action | examples=they criticised his performance as mayor; experience generally improves performance
3. sense_key=execution%1:22:00:: | definition=(computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer | synonyms=instruction execution
4. sense_key=execution%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) the completion of a legal instrument (such as a contract or deed) by signing it (and perhaps sealing and delivering it) so that it becomes legally binding and enforceable | synonyms=execution of instrument
5. sense_key=execution%1:10:00:: | definition=a routine court order that attempts to enforce the judgment that has been granted to a plaintiff by authorizing a sheriff to carry it out | synonyms=writ of execution
6. sense_key=execution%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order | synonyms=implementation, carrying out | examples=the agency was created for the implementation of the policy
7. sense_key=execution%1:04:01:: | definition=unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being | synonyms=murder, slaying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense." The target word is "execution" in the context: "The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution." The context is about a death penalty case (Connecticut death penalty, Dr. Sheppard's case, etc.). The defendant, Mr. Hayes, is on death row, and his lawyers are arguing issues, which will delay his execution. So "execution" here refers to the act of putting a condemned person to death. That matches sense index 1: "putting a condemned person to death". None of the other senses fit: performance, computer instruction, legal instrument, writ, implementation, murder. Note: sense 7 is "murder", but here execution is the official death penalty, not unlawful killing. So the best is sense 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: judge
Target surface form: Judge
Context:
The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when <t>Judge</t> Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

native_finish_reason: error

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: judge
Target surface form: Judge
Context:
The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when <t>Judge</t> Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "Judge" in the context. The two candidate senses are:

1. judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

The context: "The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when <t>Judge</t> Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection."

Here, "Judge Blue" is clearly a person acting in a legal capacity, making a decision in a court case. The context mentions appeals courts, lawyers, jury selection, etc. So "Judge" refers to a public official in a court of justice, not an evaluator of quality. Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reaction
Target surface form: reactions
Context:
The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' <t>reactions</t> by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reaction%1:22:00:: | definition=(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others | synonyms=chemical reaction | examples=there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water
2. sense_key=reaction%1:09:00:: | definition=an idea evoked by some experience | examples=his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do
3. sense_key=reaction%1:04:00:: | definition=a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent | synonyms=response | examples=a bad reaction to the medicine; his responses have slowed with age
4. sense_key=reaction%1:19:00:: | definition=(mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body | examples=every action has an equal and opposite reaction
5. sense_key=reaction%1:19:01:: | definition=a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude | examples=he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance; John feared his mother's reaction when she saw the broken lamp
6. sense_key=reaction%1:09:01:: | definition=extreme conservatism in political or social matters | examples=the forces of reaction carried the election
7. sense_key=reaction%1:04:01:: | definition=doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you don't like | examples=his style of painting was a reaction against cubism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "reactions" in the given context. The target word appears in: "The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' <t>reactions</t> by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection." So they wanted to test potential jurors' reactions to grisly photographs. That is, they wanted to see how the jurors would respond emotionally or attitudinally to those images. This is about revealing feelings or attitudes. Among the candidate senses:

1. chemical reaction: irrelevant
2. an idea evoked by some experience: That could be a thought, but "test reactions" by showing photos is more about emotional/attitudinal response than just an idea.
3. bodily process: That's like a physiological response (e.g., a bad reaction to medicine). While seeing grisly photos might cause a bodily response, the context is about jury selection: they want to gauge how potential jurors react to the crime scene photos to see if they might be biased. It's more about their feelings/attitudes.
4. mechanics: irrelevant
5. a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude: This fits perfectly. Example: "he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance" - analogous to testing jurors' reactions to photos to see their feelings/attitudes.
6. extreme conservatism: irrelevant
7. doing something in opposition: irrelevant

Thus sense 5 is best.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: victim
Target surface form: victims
Context:
Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the <t>victims</t>, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11. The defense lawyers say they will also challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty and argue that the judge wrongly removed a juror who had been critical of prosecutors and that he improperly added pressure for a verdict by his unusual decision to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=victim%1:18:00:: | definition=an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance
2. sense_key=victim%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is tricked or swindled | synonyms=dupe

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "victim" with surface form "victims" in a specific context. The context describes a crime scene: "Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11." These are clearly victims of a violent crime, likely murder. The candidate senses are:
1. "an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance"
2. "a person who is tricked or swindled" (dupe)

The context is about a trial, and the victims are the people who were killed. They suffered from a crime. They are not being tricked or swindled; they are murder victims. Therefore, sense 1 is the correct one.

We need to output JSON like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: judge
Target surface form: judge
Context:
"There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11. The defense lawyers say they will also challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty and argue that the <t>judge</t> wrongly removed a juror who had been critical of prosecutors and that he improperly added pressure for a verdict by his unusual decision to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend. The jurors were not sequestered.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "judge", appearing in the context as "<t>judge</t>". The candidate senses are two:

1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

The context is a legal trial discussion. The sentence containing the target: "The defense lawyers say they will also challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty and argue that the <t>judge</t> wrongly removed a juror who had been critical of prosecutors and that he improperly added pressure for a verdict by his unusual decision to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend."

Clearly, the "judge" here is a court official who made rulings in a trial. The context mentions "Judge Blue" earlier: "Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions..." So it's a specific judge in a court case. The target "judge" refers back to Judge Blue. Sense 1 fits: a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice. Sense 2 would be a general evaluator, which is not the meaning here. So I choose sense 1.

The answer should be a JSON object with the sense_index. Sense index numbers start at 1, so {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
"There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11. The defense lawyers say they will also challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty and argue that the judge wrongly removed a juror who had been critical of prosecutors and that he improperly added <t>pressure</t> for a verdict by his unusual decision to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend. The jurors were not sequestered.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: pressure, surface form: pressure. Context: "he improperly added pressure for a verdict by his unusual decision to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend." We need to choose the best sense from the candidates.

Let's examine the context: "he improperly added pressure for a verdict" means the judge added some kind of compulsion or urgency to reach a verdict. The judge's decision to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend added pressure (i.e., force or stress) to get a verdict. So it's about a force that compels, like in sense 2: "a force that compels" with example "the public brought pressure to bear on the government." That fits perfectly: the judge brought pressure to bear on the jury to reach a verdict.

Check other senses:
1: force per unit area (physics) - not applicable.
3: act of pressing - not applicable.
4: state of demanding notice - possibly, but it's more about insistence, but the context is about compelling action, so sense 2 is better.
5: somatic sensation - no.
6: oppressive condition of distress - maybe, but it's not a condition, it's an added force. Sense 2 is more direct.
7: atmospheric pressure - no.

Thus, sense_index 2 is the best.

Answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decision
Context:
"There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11. The defense lawyers say they will also challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty and argue that the judge wrongly removed a juror who had been critical of prosecutors and that he improperly added pressure for a verdict by his unusual <t>decision</t> to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend. The jurors were not sequestered.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "decision" in the given context. The context mentions "his unusual decision to direct the jury to deliberate over a weekend." Here, "decision" refers to an act or instance of making a choice or judgment. The judge made a decision (an act) to direct the jury. Looking at the candidate senses:
- Sense 1: "the act of making up your mind about something" with synonyms "determination, conclusion". Example: "the burden of decision was his". This fits because it's about the act of deciding.
- Sense 2: "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration" with synonyms "determination, conclusion". Example: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition". This is more about the result or conclusion reached.
In the context, "his unusual decision to direct the jury..." emphasizes the action of deciding, the act. It's not about the judgment reached but the act of making that choice. So sense 1 seems more appropriate. Sense 2 is more about the resulting opinion or position. The example in sense 1 "the burden of decision was his" aligns with the judge's act of deciding. Also, the phrase "decision to direct" is an act. Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

But check others: senses 3,4,5 are unrelated (boxing, outcome of a game, trait of resoluteness). So answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: jury
Target surface form: jury
Context:
"There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution. The defense lawyers also claim, for example, that Mr. Hayes may have been prejudiced when Judge Blue declined to allow them to test potential jurors' reactions by showing them grisly crime-scene photographs during jury selection. Some of the jurors have said they were horrified by the photographs of the victims, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and her daughters, Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11. The defense lawyers say they will also challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty and argue that the judge wrongly removed a juror who had been critical of prosecutors and that he improperly added pressure for a verdict by his unusual decision to direct the <t>jury</t> to deliberate over a weekend. The jurors were not sequestered.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=jury%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law
2. sense_key=jury%1:14:01:: | definition=a committee appointed to judge a competition | synonyms=panel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "jury" in the context. The candidate senses: 1. a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law; 2. a committee appointed to judge a competition, synonyms=panel.

Context: "the judge wrongly removed a juror who had been critical of prosecutors and that he improperly added pressure for a verdict by his unusual decision to direct the <t>jury</t> to deliberate over a weekend. The jurors were not sequestered." This is clearly about a legal trial, with jurors, verdict, court. So sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about judging competitions, not legal trials. Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}