[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are <t>very</t> few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "very" in the given context. The target word appears as: "there are <t>very</t> few such people". The word "very" is an adverb modifying "few". It emphasizes the small number. In the candidate senses, sense 1 is defined as "used as intensifiers" with synonyms "really, real, rattling" and examples "she was very gifted; he played very well". Sense 2 is defined as "precisely so" with examples "on the very next page; he expected the very opposite". In the context, "very" is used as an intensifier before "few", meaning "extremely few". That matches sense 1. Sense 2 would be used to mean "exact" or "precisely", like "the very one I wanted". So the correct sense is 1.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We are given a sentence: "There are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition." The "such people" refers back to "the 'best and brightest' of their generation". So "people" here refers to individuals who are the best and brightest. It means human beings in general, not specifically citizens, family members, or the common people. The context is about teachers not necessarily being the best and brightest, and it says there are very few such people. So it's sense 1: any group of human beings collectively. Sense 1: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". Example: "old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience." This fits. The other senses are more specific: citizens (2), family line (3), common people (4). None of those fit. So answer is sense_index: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: job
Target surface form: jobs
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their <t>jobs</t> well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=job%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, line of work, line | examples=he's not in my line of business
2. sense_key=job%1:04:01:: | definition=a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee | synonyms=task, chore | examples=estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars; the job of repairing the engine took several hours
3. sense_key=job%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace; as in the expression | examples=on the job
4. sense_key=job%1:06:01:: | definition=an object worked on; a result produced by working | examples=he held the job in his left hand and worked on it with his right
5. sense_key=job%1:04:04:: | definition=the responsibility to do something | examples=it is their job to print the truth
6. sense_key=job%1:04:05:: | definition=the performance of a piece of work | examples=she did an outstanding job as Ophelia; he gave it up as a bad job
7. sense_key=job%1:04:03:: | definition=a damaging piece of work | examples=dry rot did the job of destroying the barn; the barber did a real job on my hair
8. sense_key=job%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=problem | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
9. sense_key=job%1:18:00:: | definition=a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
10. sense_key=job%1:18:01:: | definition=any long-suffering person who withstands affliction without despairing
11. sense_key=job%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
12. sense_key=job%1:10:00:: | definition=a book in the Old Testament containing Job's pleas to God about his afflictions and God's reply | synonyms=Book of Job
13. sense_key=job%1:04:02:: | definition=a crime (especially a robbery) | synonyms=caper | examples=the gang pulled off a bank job in St. Louis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "jobs" in the given context. The target lemma is "job", surface form "jobs". The context is: "But they need not be to do their jobs well." Referring to schoolteachers doing their jobs well. Which sense best fits? Let's evaluate the candidates.

The context is about teachers performing their work as teachers. They are committed to conscientious teaching. "Their jobs" here refers to the work they do as teachers, i.e., their occupation or the tasks involved in teaching.

Sense 1: "the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money" - synonyms: occupation, business. Example: "he's not in my line of business". This fits: teachers' jobs are their occupation. They earn money by teaching. This seems plausible.

Sense 2: "a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee" - synonyms: task, chore. Example: "the job of repairing the engine took several hours". Here, "jobs" might refer to the specific tasks they perform as teachers. But the phrase "do their jobs well" often means performing their occupation effectively. It's more general than a specific piece of work. However, it could be interpreted as the various tasks involved. But sense 1 seems more encompassing.

Sense 5: "the responsibility to do something" - example: "it is their job to print the truth". This could also work: teachers have the responsibility to teach. But the phrase "do their jobs" suggests performing the work, not just the responsibility.

Sense 6: "the performance of a piece of work" - example: "she did an outstanding job as Ophelia". Here, "job" is used as in "do a good job," meaning the performance. But the phrase "do their jobs" is plural, likely referring to their occupations or duties, not a single performance. The context: "they need not be to do their jobs well." This is about their overall work performance. Sense 6 is typically singular "a job" meaning the performance of a specific task. But here "jobs" is plural, so it's less likely.

Sense 3: workplace, not applicable.
Sense 4: an object worked on, no.
Sense 7: damaging piece of work, no.
Sense 8: a state of difficulty, no.
Sense 9-13: proper nouns or specific computer science/robbery meanings, no.

So the main contenders are sense 1 (occupation) and sense 2 (tasks). Let's see the examples: "he's not in my line of business" – that's about occupation. The sentence "they need not be to do their jobs well" means they don't need to be the best and brightest to perform their occupations well. It's a general statement about their profession. If we replace with sense 2: "do their tasks well"? That's also possible, but typically "jobs" in this context refers to the role they have. WordNet sense 1 is explicitly the principal activity to earn money, which fits perfectly. Sense 2 is a specific piece of work required. I think sense 1 is more appropriate.

However, note: "do their jobs" is a common phrase that matches sense 1. In many WSD datasets, this context would typically be tagged as occupation. I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, sense_index: 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "well" in the given context. The target word appears in the phrase: "But they need not be to do their jobs well."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the list provided. Let's parse the context:

The text discusses teaching. It says: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well."

So, "they need not be" -> "they need not be among the best and brightest" to do their jobs well. "Well" here means in a good, satisfactory, or effective manner. It's about performing their jobs to a high standard. Let's check each sense:

1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
   This seems very appropriate: "do their jobs well" means perform their jobs in a good or proper manner.

2. thoroughly or completely; fully: "The problem is well understood" – not about doing jobs thoroughly, but about understanding fully. Not fitting.

3. indicating high probability: "I might well do it" – not about high probability; "they need not be to do their jobs well" doesn't indicate likelihood.

4. used for emphasis, entirely or fully: "a book well worth reading" – not the sense here; not emphasizing extent.

5. to a suitable or appropriate extent: "the project was well underway" – not about doing jobs to a suitable extent; it's about doing them competently.

6. favorably; with approval: "their neighbors spoke well of them" – not about doing jobs favorably; it's about speaking well.

7. to a great extent: "well over budget" – not about extent; it's about quality.

8. with great or especially intimate knowledge: "we knew them well" – not about knowing, it's about performing jobs.

9. with prudence or propriety: "You would do well to say nothing" – a different usage, "do well" as in act prudently. In this context, "do their jobs well" doesn't particularly connote prudence; it's about doing the job properly.

10. with skill or in a pleasing manner: "she dances well; he writes well" – This is also about performing an activity skillfully. "do their jobs well" could fit skill, but sense 1 is more general (in a good or proper or satisfactory manner). Sense 10 specifies "with skill or in a pleasing manner". The context mentions "conscientious teaching" and not needing to be "best and brightest" to do jobs well. That suggests doing the job competently, not necessarily with exceptional skill. Sense 1's example "a task well done" aligns with "do their jobs well". Sense 10's examples are about dancing or writing well, which are skill-based. Teaching could be skill-based, but the emphasis is on doing the job satisfactorily, not necessarily in a pleasing manner. However, sense 1 and sense 10 are close. Let's compare: sense 1 is "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard", sense 10 is "with skill or in a pleasing manner". The phrase "do their jobs well" is a very common collocation for sense 1. Also, note that sense 1 has synonym "good" and is noted as a nonstandard dialectal variant. But in standard English, "do a job well" fits sense 1.

11. in a manner affording benefit or advantage: "she married well" – not about doing jobs with advantage.

12. in financial comfort: "They live well" – not about jobs.

13. without unusual distress or resentment: "took the joke well" – not about that.

Thus, the most straightforward sense is 1. Could it be 10? Let's examine nuances: Sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner". The context says "they need not be among the best and brightest" to do their jobs well. That implies that having average ability is sufficient to do the job competently. It's not about being highly skilled, just doing the job properly. Sense 1 says "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner". That fits "satisfactory" as opposed to exceptional skill. So sense 1 is more appropriate.

Also, looking at the sentence: "But they need not be to do their jobs well." This is akin to "they need not be among the best and brightest to do their jobs well." That is, they don't need to be exceptional to be good teachers. So "well" means in a good manner.

Therefore, I'll choose sense 1.

But we must return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remember
Target surface form: remember
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remember%2:31:00:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
2. sense_key=remember%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=think of | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
3. sense_key=remember%2:31:02:: | definition=recapture the past; indulge in memories | synonyms=think back | examples=he remembered how he used to pick flowers
4. sense_key=remember%2:40:00:: | definition=show appreciation to | examples=He remembered her in his will
5. sense_key=remember%2:32:07:: | definition=mention favorably, as in prayer | examples=remember me in your prayers
6. sense_key=remember%2:32:00:: | definition=mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship | synonyms=commend | examples=Remember me to your wife
7. sense_key=remember%2:31:08:: | definition=exercise, or have the power of, memory | examples=After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember; some remember better than others
8. sense_key=remember%2:31:09:: | definition=call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony | synonyms=commemorate | examples=We remembered the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz; Remember the dead of the First World War

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "remember" in the context: "Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days." The context is about recalling inspiring teachers from the past. The target is "remember" meaning to recall something from memory. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection. Synonyms: retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think. Example: "I can't remember saying any such thing". This fits: we can all recall one or two inspiring teachers.

2. keep in mind for attention or consideration. Synonyms: think of. Example: "Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!" This is about remembering to do something or keeping something in mind, not recalling a past experience.

3. recapture the past; indulge in memories. Synonyms: think back. Example: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers". This also involves memory, but it's more about nostalgic recollection, a more vivid reliving of the past. Could fit, but the context simply says "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers", which seems like a simple act of recalling, not necessarily indulging.

4. show appreciation to. Example: "He remembered her in his will." Not relevant.

5. mention favorably in prayer. Not relevant.

6. mention as by way of greeting. Not relevant.

7. exercise, or have the power of, memory. Example: "After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember; some remember better than others." This is about the faculty of memory in general. The context uses "we all can remember" meaning we are able to recall, but it's not about the power of memory per se, it's about actually recalling specific individuals. Sense 7 is more about the ability.

8. call to remembrance; keep alive the memory in a ceremony. Example: "We remembered the 50th anniversary..." Not relevant.

Now, between sense 1 and sense 3: Both involve recalling. Sense 1 is straightforward recall. Sense 3 adds "indulge in memories" or "recapture the past," often with a sense of re-experiencing. In the given context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days." This is a simple recollection, not necessarily an indulgent reminiscence. The examples for sense 1: "I can't remember saying any such thing" is a similar simple memory recall. For sense 3: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers" is a more detailed, vivid recollection. The context doesn't suggest that we are indulging; it's just saying we can recall those teachers. Sense 1 is the most neutral and precise.

Sense 7 is about the general ability to remember, but here it's about being able to bring specific teachers to mind, which is an act of recollection. The phrase "we all can remember" uses "can" indicating ability, but the object "one or two truly inspiring teachers" makes it an act of recalling specific instances. So sense 1 fits better than sense 7.

Thus, the best choice is sense 1.

Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: truly
Target surface form: truly
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two <t>truly</t> inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truly%4:02:00:: | definition=in accordance with truth or fact or reality | synonyms=genuinely, really | examples=she was now truly American; a genuinely open society
2. sense_key=truly%4:02:01:: | definition=by right | synonyms=rightfully | examples=baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime
3. sense_key=truly%4:02:03:: | definition=with sincerity; without pretense | synonyms=sincerely, unfeignedly | examples=she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher
4. sense_key=truly%4:02:04:: | definition=in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) | synonyms=in truth, really | examples=in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "truly" and the context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days." The candidate senses are:

1. truly%4:02:00:: | definition=in accordance with truth or fact or reality | synonyms=genuinely, really | examples=she was now truly American; a genuinely open society
2. truly%4:02:01:: | definition=by right | synonyms=rightfully | examples=baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime
3. truly%4:02:03:: | definition=with sincerity; without pretense | synonyms=sincerely, unfeignedly | examples=she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher
4. truly%4:02:04:: | definition=in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) | synonyms=in truth, really | examples=in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it

We need to choose the best sense for "truly" in "truly inspiring teachers". The phrase "truly inspiring" means genuinely inspiring, really inspiring. It is an intensifier/modifier meaning "in fact" or "really". Sense 1 is "in accordance with truth or fact or reality", with synonyms "genuinely, really", and example "she was now truly American". Sense 4 is "in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)", with synonyms "in truth, really", and example "in truth, moral decay hastened...". Both could fit. However, in "truly inspiring", "truly" is used to emphasize that the teachers were genuinely inspiring, not just claimed to be. It's an intensifier meaning "really". Sense 4 explicitly says "used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers". Sense 1 is more about factual accuracy. The example for sense 1: "she was now truly American" means she was genuinely American, in accordance with reality. The example for sense 4: "in truth, moral decay hastened..." is a sentence modifier. "Truly inspiring" is modifying an adjective, which is an intensifier use. Sense 4 says "in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)". WordNet often groups intensifier uses separately. Sense 1 seems more like "genuinely" in the sense of "authentically". But in "truly inspiring", it could be either. Let's check the context: "they may not be among the 'best and brightest' ... But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers ... But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." The contrast is between "truly inspiring" and "merely competent and conscientious". So "truly" here emphasizes that those teachers were genuinely inspiring, in contrast to just being competent. It's an intensifier. Sense 4 is specifically for intensifier use. Sense 1 is "in accordance with truth or fact or reality", which could also be used, but sense 4 is more explicitly for intensifiers. Often in WordNet, "truly" as an intensifier is sense 4. I think sense 4 is the best fit. Sense 3 is "with sincerity; without pretense", e.g., "she praised him sincerely". That doesn't fit "inspiring teachers" because it's not about sincerity of the speaker, but about the quality of being inspiring. So sense 3 is out. Sense 2 is "by right", not fitting. So between 1 and 4, I'd lean toward 4 because it's explicitly an intensifier. The example for 4: "really, you shouldn't have done it" shows "really" as an intensifier, similar to "truly" here. The example for 1: "she was now truly American" is more like "genuinely American", which is also an intensifier of sorts. But the gloss for 1 says "in accordance with truth or fact or reality", which is about factual truth. For "truly inspiring", it's not about factual truth but about the degree of being inspiring. I'd pick 4.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring <t>teachers</t> from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

native_finish_reason: error

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring <t>teachers</t> from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "teacher" with surface form "teachers" in this context. The context talks about "schoolteachers," "conscientious teaching," "inspiring teachers," and so on. It's clearly about human teachers as an occupation, not an abstract personified abstraction. So sense 1 (person whose occupation is teaching) is correct.

Output must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to find the best sense for "education" in the context: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." The target is "education". The context describes how our education happened through teachers who were not necessarily the "best and brightest" but competent and conscientious. So the word refers to the process or activity of being educated, the instruction we received. Looking at the senses:

1. the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy) — fits well because it’s about the process.
2. knowledge acquired by learning and instruction — this would be the result, not the process. The sentence says "our education proceeded", implying a process, not the knowledge itself.
3. the gradual process of acquiring knowledge — also a process, but sense 1 explicitly says "activities of educating", while sense 3 is "process of acquiring knowledge". The sentence says "proceeded at the hands of those others", which emphasizes the instruction by teachers. So sense 1 might be more about the teaching side. But sense 3 is about the learner's process. The phrase "our education" could be the learning process, but it says "at the hands of those others" meaning by the teachers, so it's the instruction we received from them. Sense 1 includes "teaching" and "instruction" as synonyms. The example "he received no formal education" uses "education" similarly to how it's used here: receiving education from others. So sense 1 seems best.
4. the profession of teaching — not applicable, not a profession.
5. the result of good upbringing — not applicable.
6. the US federal department — not applicable.

Thus, sense index 1 is best. But let's double-check: The context says "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" — it’s the instruction we received. Sense 1: activities of educating or instructing. That fits perfectly. Sense 3 is "gradual process of acquiring knowledge", which could also be argued, but the phrase "at the hands of" suggests the active instruction by teachers, so the activity sense is more precise. The examples for sense 1: "he received no formal education" parallels "our education proceeded" with a passive implication (we received education). So I select sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proceed
Target surface form: proceeded
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proceed%2:32:00:: | definition=continue talking;  he continued, | synonyms=continue, go on, carry on | examples=I know it's hard,; but there is no choice
2. sense_key=proceed%2:38:00:: | definition=move ahead; travel onward in time or space | synonyms=go forward, continue | examples=We proceeded towards Washington; She continued in the direction of the hills
3. sense_key=proceed%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=go, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
4. sense_key=proceed%2:30:00:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=go | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
5. sense_key=proceed%2:42:00:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, go along, keep | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "proceeded" in the given context. The target lemma is "proceed" and the inflected form is "proceeded". The context is: "But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." We need to choose the best sense from five candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others". The phrase "at the hands of" means "by the actions of" or "under the guidance of". So the meaning is that our education continued or took place under the guidance of competent and conscientious teachers. We need to see which sense fits this idea.

Candidate senses:
1. "continue talking" – This is about speech. Not applicable; education is not talking.
2. "move ahead; travel onward in time or space" – This could be used metaphorically: education moving forward. But the phrase "at the hands of" suggests a process being conducted, not just movement in space.
3. "follow a procedure or take a course" – This might mean to proceed in a certain manner, like following a procedure. The examples: "We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble". This sense is about taking a course of action or undergoing a process. Education could be seen as a process that proceeds.
4. "follow a certain course" – Examples: "The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?" This is more about how an event unfolds or transpires. It's similar to sense 3 but more general. Education proceeding could mean education going on or taking place.
5. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" – This is about continuing an activity, like keep working. Education proceeding could be continuing.

We need to differentiate between senses 2, 3, 4, and 5. Sense 1 is clearly wrong.

Looking at the WordNet hierarchy: proceed has several verb senses. In WordNet, the main sense for "proceed" as in "continue an action" is sense 5: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity". But note the example: "Keep on working!" That implies an ongoing activity. In our context: "our education proceeded" – it's not just continuing, but it was carried out under the teachers. It's more about the process of education taking place.

Sense 2: "move ahead; travel onward" – this is physical movement typically. But it can be metaphorical for time: "the years proceeded". But "education proceeded" might mean education moved forward. However, the phrase "at the hands of" suggests an agent conducting it, so it's more about the process being managed.

Sense 3: "follow a procedure or take a course" – The gloss says "follow a procedure or take a course". The example: "go farther in this matter" or "went through a lot of trouble". This implies proceeding in a deliberate way, following steps. Education is a procedure, so our education proceeded could mean it followed a course.

Sense 4: "follow a certain course" – The gloss is vague: "follow a certain course". Examples: "The inauguration went well" – more about an event's outcome. "How did your interview go?" – meaning what was the progress or result. This is often used with an adverb like "well", but here we have "proceeded at the hands of", which describes how it was conducted.

Sense 5: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" – This is about continuation. The synonyms are "continue, go on, go along, keep". If we say "education continued", it might fit, but "proceeded" here doesn't just mean continued; it means it was carried out. The phrase "at the hands of" implies an agent causing the process, so it's more about the manner of proceeding.

I think the best fit is sense 3: "follow a procedure or take a course". Because education is a process that proceeds by following a course or procedure, especially in the hands of teachers. Sense 4 is similar but more about the outcome or how something goes. Sense 3 explicitly mentions "procedure" which aligns with the structured nature of education. Sense 5 is about continuation of an activity, but the sentence isn't emphasizing continuation; it's emphasizing who conducted it.

Let's check the examples for sense 3: "We should go farther in this matter" – that is proceeding with a matter. "She went through a lot of trouble" – that's undergoing a difficult process. Our education proceeded = our education was carried out, it went on under their guidance.

I'll go with sense 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: competent
Target surface form: competent
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely <t>competent</t> and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "competent" in the given context. The context: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." The word is used to describe teachers who are not necessarily the "best and brightest" but are still able to do their jobs well. The comparison: "a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor." Implying a level of capability sufficient for the job, but not necessarily outstanding.

Now examine the three candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient" with example "a competent typist." This emphasizes having the necessary ability or qualifications.
2. sense 2: "adequate for the purpose" with example "a competent performance." This suggests satisfactory, meeting requirements, but not exceptional.
3. sense 3: "legally qualified or sufficient" with examples "a competent court; competent testimony." This is a legal context.

In the sentence, "merely competent and conscientious" suggests they are just competent enough, i.e., adequately capable, but not outstanding. That aligns with sense 2: "adequate for the purpose." Sense 1 is similar but it focuses more on the qualification/capability aspect. However, the word "merely" downplays it, implying they are just adequate. Also, the comparison to a family doctor (who is competent but not necessarily a specialist) reinforces the idea of being adequate. Between sense 1 and sense 2, sense 2 explicitly says "adequate for the purpose," which fits the idea of being just enough. Sense 1 says "properly or sufficiently qualified" which is close, but the example "a competent typist" doesn't carry the "merely adequate" nuance as strongly. Since the context says "merely competent," sense 2's "adequate" is a better match.

Sense 3 is clearly incorrect as it's about legal qualification.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

Now return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sense
Target surface form: sense
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this <t>sense</t>, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sense%1:09:05:: | definition=a general conscious awareness | examples=a sense of security; a sense of happiness
2. sense_key=sense%1:10:00:: | definition=the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted | synonyms=signified | examples=the dictionary gave several senses for the word; in the best sense charity is really a duty
3. sense_key=sense%1:09:02:: | definition=the faculty through which the external world is apprehended | synonyms=sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty | examples=in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing
4. sense_key=sense%1:09:04:: | definition=sound practical judgment | synonyms=common sense, good sense, gumption, horse sense, mother wit | examples=Common sense is not so common; he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples
5. sense_key=sense%1:09:06:: | definition=a natural appreciation or ability | examples=a keen musical sense; a good sense of timing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "sense" and a sentence with "<t>sense</t>". The sentence: "In this <t>sense</t>, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor."

We need to choose the best sense from the five options provided.

Options:

1. sense_key=sense%1:09:05:: | definition=a general conscious awareness | examples=a sense of security; a sense of happiness
2. sense_key=sense%1:10:00:: | definition=the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted | synonyms=signified | examples=the dictionary gave several senses for the word; in the best sense charity is really a duty
3. sense_key=sense%1:09:02:: | definition=the faculty through which the external world is apprehended | synonyms=sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty | examples=in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing
4. sense_key=sense%1:09:04:: | definition=sound practical judgment | synonyms=common sense, good sense, gumption, horse sense, mother wit | examples=Common sense is not so common; he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples
5. sense_key=sense%1:09:06:: | definition=a natural appreciation or ability | examples=a keen musical sense; a good sense of timing

Context: The paragraph discusses teachers, saying they are competent and conscientious, not necessarily brilliant. Then: "In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place." So "in this sense" means "in this particular meaning or interpretation" or "from this perspective". The comparison is being made by interpreting the situation of a teacher and a family doctor similarly: both are competent and conscientious, but not necessarily brilliant. The phrase "in this sense" often means "in this particular way of considering things" or "with this meaning". That aligns with sense 2: "the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted". The example given for sense 2: "in the best sense charity is really a duty" uses a similar construction "in the ... sense". So sense 2 is about how a situation can be interpreted or the meaning. The other senses don't fit: 1 is about feeling (a sense of security), 3 is about physical senses, 4 is about good judgment (common sense), 5 is about appreciation or ability (musical sense). The phrase "in this sense" clearly refers to the interpretation of the preceding point about teachers not needing to be brilliant, just competent, and by analogy, family doctors are similar. So sense_index 2 is the correct choice.

Thus output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teacher
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a <t>teacher</t> can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the word "teacher" in the given context. The target word is in a sentence: "In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor." Let's read the context carefully.

Context: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a <t>teacher</t> can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place."

The context discusses schoolteachers, conscientious teaching, inspiring vs. merely competent teachers, and then compares a teacher to a family doctor. The core idea: teachers (like family doctors) don't need to be brilliant to do their jobs well. The sense is clearly about a person whose occupation is teaching.

Now, the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Sense 2 is a metaphorical or personified abstraction, like "experience is a teacher". That does not fit the context at all. The context is about human schoolteachers, real people. Sense 1 fits perfectly.

So the best indexed sense is 1. We return JSON with {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be <t>compared</t> to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the sentence: "In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor." The target lemma is "compare", surface form "compared". The context is about teachers, saying they need not be the best and brightest, and they can be compared to a family doctor. The meaning is: a teacher is like a family doctor in that both are competent and conscientious, not necessarily brilliant. So the comparison is to show similarity, to say that a teacher is analogous to a family doctor.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. examine and note the similarities or differences of: This is about analyzing two things to find similarities or differences. Example: "John compared his haircut to his friend's" suggests examining them side by side. Here, the sentence is not about examining teacher and doctor to note similarities or differences; it's more about stating a likeness.

2. be comparable: This sense is used when saying something doesn't compare, meaning it's not as good. Example: "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes." The usage is often in negative or questions, like "How does X compare with Y?" It means "be as good as". In our sentence, we are not saying a teacher is comparable in quality; rather, we are likening a teacher to a family doctor. So this doesn't fit.

3. consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous: synonyms: liken, equate. Examples: "We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed." Here, the sense is exactly to say that two things are similar, to liken one to another. The sentence "a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor" means a teacher can be likened to a family doctor, i.e., considered analogous. This fits perfectly.

4. to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb: Not relevant.

Thus, sense 3 is the best.

Answer format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: one
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to <t>one</t>'s family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given target lemma "one" and surface form "one". Context: "... a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor." Wait, the text says: "<t>one</t>'s". So it's "one's", the possessive form of the impersonal pronoun "one". But the candidate senses given are for the noun "one". Sense 1 is "the smallest whole number", sense 2 is "a single person or thing". However, in context, "one's" is a possessive pronoun, not a noun. But the task says "perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation" using WordNet glosses. The candidate senses are only these two. Possibly the intended sense is a different one? But we must pick from the given list. The context: "a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor." Here, "one" is an impersonal pronoun meaning "any person". That is not either of the given senses. Sense 2: "a single person or thing" might be stretched: "one" as a person. But "one's" is possessive of the pronoun "one". The pronoun "one" is a different part of speech. However, the task says "target surface form: one", but the actual occurrence is "one's", which is an inflection. Maybe the sense for the pronoun is not listed, but we must choose between the two noun senses. Let's check the examples for sense 2: "he is the best one; this is the one I ordered" - that's a noun substitute for a person or thing. In "one's family doctor", "one" is not a noun; it's a pronoun. But sometimes WordNet treats the pronoun "one" under the noun sense? Actually, WordNet has a sense for the pronoun: "one%1:09:00::" is defined as "a single person or thing", and the example "he is the best one" shows "one" as a noun referring to a person. That might be the closest. The pronoun sense is essentially the same as the noun sense "a single person" but used impersonally. For example, "one should be careful" uses "one" as an impersonal pronoun. In many dictionaries, the pronoun "one" is listed separately. However, the given sense key "one%1:09:00::" is a noun, but the definition "a single person or thing" could cover the impersonal use. The context uses "one's" as a possessive determiner, which derives from the pronoun. I think the intended sense is 2, as it's the only sense that refers to a person. Sense 1 is the number. So I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brilliant
Target surface form: brilliant
Context:
They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were <t>brilliant</t>, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:superior:02 | definition=of surpassing excellence | synonyms=superb | examples=a brilliant performance; a superb actor
2. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence | synonyms=brainy, smart as a whip | examples=some men dislike brainy women; a brilliant mind
3. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:impressive:00 | definition=characterized by grandeur | synonyms=glorious, magnificent, splendid | examples=the brilliant court life at Versailles; a glorious work of art
4. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=bright, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
5. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:bright:00 | definition=full of light; shining intensely | examples=a brilliant star; brilliant chandeliers
6. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=bright | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "brilliant" (misspelled as <t>brilliant</t> but it's clearly "brilliant" in the text, though WordNet uses "brilliant" we see "brilliant%5:00:00:superior:02" etc. Actually the candidate senses are all "brilliant%5:00:00:...", so it's "brilliant". In the context, it says "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place." So it's discussing a family doctor, and saying that if he were brilliant, he wouldn't be a family doctor. This implies that brilliant here means having exceptional intelligence, because family doctor is a job that requires competence but not necessarily top-tier intellect. The context also contrasts with "competent and conscientious" earlier. So brilliant here likely means "having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence". That matches sense 2: "having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence" with synonyms brainy, smart as a whip. The example: "a brilliant mind". So sense_index 2.

Check other senses: sense 1 is about surpassing excellence (a brilliant performance), not about intellect. Sense 3 is grandeur. Sense 4 is striking color. Sense 5 is full of light. Sense 6 is clear and sharp sound. So sense 2 fits best.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: probably
Target surface form: probably
Context:
They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he <t>probably</t> would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=probably%4:02:00:: | definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | synonyms=likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike | examples=He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war
2. sense_key=probably%4:02:01:: | definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | synonyms=credibly, believably, plausibly | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "probably" and a context. Two candidate senses are provided. We need to choose the best indexed sense. The senses have index 1 and 2.

Let's examine the context: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he <t>probably</t> would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well."

Here, "probably" is used to express a likelihood: it is likely that if he were brilliant, he would not be a family doctor. It's a statement of probability, not necessarily about credibility or believability based on evidence. Sense 1: "with considerable certainty; without much doubt" and synonyms: likely, in all likelihood, in all probability. Sense 2: "easy to believe on the basis of available evidence" and synonyms: credibly, believably, plausibly. The example for sense 2: "he will probably win the election" seems similar to our context, but note that sense 2 emphasizes that it is easy to believe based on evidence. In the context, the speaker is making a general assumption: if someone is brilliant, they likely wouldn't be a family doctor. It's a probabilistic statement, not necessarily based on evidence in the immediate context. Sense 1 seems more straightforward: it's about likelihood. Sense 2 leans toward plausibility. Actually, looking at the examples: "He is probably out of the country" (sense 1) is a simple likelihood. "he will probably win the election" is given under sense 2. But often "probably" can mean either. Let's check the glosses: sense 1: "with considerable certainty; without much doubt" – that fits the meaning of "probably" in most contexts. Sense 2: "easy to believe on the basis of available evidence" – this is more specific, suggesting that it's plausible. The context: "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor" – this is expressing a high likelihood, a deduction. It's not about being "easy to believe" per se; it's a statement of probability. The synonyms for sense 1 include "likely, in all likelihood, in all probability" – these are direct synonyms for "probably" in its most common sense. For sense 2, "credibly, believably, plausibly" are less common synonyms for "probably"; they emphasize the believability. In the sentence, "probably" is used in the typical way to indicate likelihood. So I'd choose sense 1.

However, we should be cautious: The example "he will probably win the election" is listed under sense 2, and that sentence could be interpreted as either. But WordNet has made a distinction. The context is similar: "he probably would not be a family doctor" – a prediction. But sense 1 also has "He is probably out of the country". So both can be used. The distinction might be subtle. Let's look at the definitions: sense 1: "with considerable certainty; without much doubt" – it's about the speaker's certainty. sense 2: "easy to believe on the basis of available evidence" – it's about the hearer's perspective, or the objective plausibility. In context, the author is expressing a personal judgment: "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor" – it's a conclusion drawn from general knowledge, not necessarily based on specific evidence. It's more about the speaker's assessment of likelihood. I think sense 1 is the more general and common sense, and fits better.

Thus, I'll choose sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: competent
Target surface form: competent
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is <t>competent</t> and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "competent" and its surface form in context. The context is: "But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is <t>competent</t> and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis."

We have three candidate senses with their WordNet glosses and examples:

1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

We need to select the single best indexed sense. The context discusses teachers who are "merely competent and conscientious" and compares them to a family doctor who is "competent and conscientious". The sense here is about being sufficiently capable to do the job, not necessarily brilliant. It's about adequacy, being good enough. The first sense is about being qualified or capable, which fits. The second sense is about being adequate for the purpose, which also fits. There's a nuance: sense 2 specifically says "adequate for the purpose", which might align with "merely competent" meaning just adequate, not brilliant. Sense 1 is broader: properly qualified, capable, efficient. Both could apply to a teacher or doctor. However, the context states "merely competent" as opposed to "truly inspiring" or "brilliant". So it emphasizes adequacy rather than exceptional capability. "Adequate for the purpose" captures that. Also, the example for sense 2 is "a competent performance", which matches well with describing someone's job performance as merely adequate. Sense 1 example is "a competent typist", which is more about being capable as a typist. But the context is about job performance in general. The phrase "he serves us well" implies adequacy. The adjective "merely" indicates a baseline level of competence. I think sense 2 is more precise because it directly includes the notion of adequacy. But sense 1 also includes "sufficiently qualified" which overlaps. Let's look at the specific glosses: sense 1 says "properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient". sense 2 says "adequate for the purpose". Note that sense 2 is a different sense key pattern: competent%5:00:00:adequate:00, indicating a satellite adjective related to "adequate". So it's a more restricted sense, focusing on adequacy. The sentence says "merely competent" – the word "merely" reinforces the idea of just adequate, nothing more. Therefore, sense 2 seems the best match.

But we must confirm if there's any legal connotation? No, not in this context. So sense 3 is out.

Thus, I will select sense 2. The index is 2.

Response JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: serve
Target surface form: serves
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he <t>serves</t> us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=serve%2:42:03:: | definition=serve a purpose, role, or function | synonyms=function | examples=The tree stump serves as a table; The female students served as a control group
2. sense_key=serve%2:33:00:: | definition=do duty or hold offices; serve in a specific function | examples=He served as head of the department for three years; She served in Congress for two terms
3. sense_key=serve%2:42:01:: | definition=contribute or conduce to | examples=The scandal served to increase his popularity
4. sense_key=serve%2:41:00:: | definition=be used by; as of a utility | synonyms=service | examples=The sewage plant served the neighboring communities; The garage served to shelter his horses
5. sense_key=serve%2:34:01:: | definition=help to some food; help with food or drink | synonyms=help | examples=I served him three times, and after that he helped himself
6. sense_key=serve%2:34:00:: | definition=provide (usually but not necessarily food) | synonyms=serve up, dish out, dish up, dish | examples=We serve meals for the homeless; She dished out the soup at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=serve%2:41:02:: | definition=devote (part of) one's life or efforts to, as of countries, institutions, or ideas | examples=She served the art of music; He served the church
8. sense_key=serve%2:42:02:: | definition=promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to | synonyms=serve well | examples=Art serves commerce; Their interests are served
9. sense_key=serve%2:42:00:: | definition=spend time in prison or in a labor camp | synonyms=do | examples=He did six years for embezzlement
10. sense_key=serve%2:41:01:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=attend to, wait on, attend, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
11. sense_key=serve%2:35:00:: | definition=deliver a warrant or summons to someone | synonyms=process, swear out | examples=He was processed by the sheriff
12. sense_key=serve%2:42:12:: | definition=be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity | synonyms=suffice, do, answer | examples=A few words would answer; This car suits my purpose well
13. sense_key=serve%2:41:13:: | definition=do military service | examples=She served in Vietnam; My sons never served, because they are short-sighted
14. sense_key=serve%2:35:01:: | definition=mate with | synonyms=service | examples=male animals serve the females for breeding purposes
15. sense_key=serve%2:33:01:: | definition=put the ball into play | examples=It was Agassi's turn to serve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "If he is competent and conscientious, he <t>serves</t> us well." The context is about a family doctor compared to a teacher. The phrase "serves us well" means that being competent and conscientious allows them to perform their role effectively for our benefit. The sense likely relates to being useful, beneficial, or performing a function well.

Let's analyze candidate senses:

1. serve%2:42:03:: definition=serve a purpose, role, or function | synonyms=function | examples: The tree stump serves as a table; The female students served as a control group. This is about serving a role or purpose. In the context, "he serves us well" could mean he functions well for us, but the direct object "us" suggests a more benefactive meaning.

8. serve%2:42:02:: definition=promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to | synonyms=serve well | examples: Art serves commerce; Their interests are served. Here, "serve well" is explicitly a synonym. The phrase "serves us well" exactly matches "serve well" with an object "us". The definition "be useful or beneficial to" fits perfectly: the doctor benefits us or is useful to us. The example "Their interests are served" shows the passive, but active with direct object: "He serves us well" means he benefits us.

Other senses:
4. serve%2:41:00:: utility service: not fitting.
2, 3, 7, 10, etc. are not as precise.

Sense 8 is the best fit because the phrase "serve us well" is an exact match for the synonym "serve well" and the definition "promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to" fits the context of a competent doctor providing good service.

Thus, choose sense index 8.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us <t>well</t>. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "well" in the context: "But they need not be to do their jobs well. ... If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well." The target is the adverb "well". Let's examine the senses:

The sentence "he serves us well" means he serves us in a good, satisfactory, or effective manner. It is about performing a job competently. Looking at the senses:

1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: definition: in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard. Synonyms: good. Examples: the children behaved well; a task well done. This fits "serves us well" meaning serves us satisfactorily.

2. well%4:02:05:: thoroughness. Example: The problem is well understood. Not fitting.

3. well%4:02:03:: indicating high probability. "I might well do it". Not fitting.

4. well%4:02:15:: intensifier. "well worth reading". Not fitting.

5. well%4:02:08:: to a suitable extent. "well underway". Not fitting.

6. well%4:02:07:: favorably; with approval. "spoke well of them". Could fit, as serving well might be serving in a way that is approved of. But sense 1 is more direct: "in a good or satisfactory manner". Serving well means serving satisfactorily.

7. well%4:02:11:: to a great extent. "well over budget". Not fitting.

8. well%4:02:14:: with intimate knowledge. "we knew them well". Not fitting.

9. well%4:02:13:: with prudence or propriety. "You would do well to say nothing more". Possibly, but serving well is more about competence than prudence.

10. well%4:02:12:: with skill. "she dances well". Could also fit as serving with skill. But skill is more about artistic or technical performance. In context, "competent and conscientious" suggests satisfactory performance, not necessarily exceptional skill. Sense 1 is broader: good, proper, satisfactory.

11. well%4:02:11:: advantageously. "she married well". Not about advantageous benefit here, just serving satisfactorily.

12. well%4:02:09:: in financial comfort. Not fitting.

13. well%4:02:01:: without unusual distress. "took the joke well". Not fitting.

Between sense 1 and sense 6: sense 6 is "favorably; with approval". "He serves us well" might imply that we think well of his service, but the phrase is more about the manner of serving: he serves us well = he serves us in a good manner. Sense 1 explicitly says "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner". That seems the most direct match. Also, the example "a task well done" parallels "do their jobs well" from the context. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, the answer is sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our <t>teachers</t> are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "teachers" in a context. The context is a passage about teachers in the educational sense, comparing them to family doctors. The sentence says: "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis." The surrounding text talks about inspiring teachers and those who are merely competent and conscientious, and compares them to family doctors. So clearly, it's referring to human teachers, people whose occupation is teaching. The first sense is "a person whose occupation is teaching" with synonym "instructor". The second sense is "a personified abstraction that teaches" with examples like "books were his teachers" or "experience is a demanding teacher". That is not the case here; they are talking about actual human teachers in schools. So the correct sense is sense 1.

Thus the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an <t>important</t> factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense." The senses are numbered 1 to 5. I must output a JSON with key "sense_index" and value an integer.

Context: "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem."

The target word is "important" modifying "factor". The context says teachers are not an important factor in the crisis. So it means they are not of great significance/value in causing or solving the crisis. Sense 1: "of great significance or value" seems appropriate. Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning" (significant) also fits. But note the examples: "important people; the important questions of the day" for sense 1; for sense 2: "a significant change in tax laws". Sense 3: "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" (crucial). But the context says they are NOT an important factor, and it's not about a crisis resolution moment; it's about an ongoing crisis. It says "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis." So it denies that they are crucial. That matches sense 3's definition: "vital to the resolution of a crisis". But it says they are NOT that. However, the word is used in a negative construction: "not an important factor". So we need to know which sense fits best. The phrase "important factor" often means something of great significance. The context downplays their importance. Later it says their pay is an equity problem, not educational. So they are not crucial to the educational crisis. Sense 3 specifically mentions crisis: "vital to the resolution of a crisis". This seems tailor-made: the sentence is about an educational crisis, and says teachers are not such a vital factor. So sense 3 might be the best fit because it directly relates to crisis resolution. Sense 1 is more general. Sense 2 is about effect or meaning. The example for sense 2: "a significant change in tax laws" - not crisis. Sense 3: "a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election". The context mentions "educational crisis". So sense 3 appears to be the intended nuance: "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis". However, it says "not an important factor", so it's denying that extreme importance. The WordNet sense index 3 is for the "crucial" sense. I think that fits because the context explicitly has "crisis". So I'll choose sense 3.

But let's double-check: The sentence: "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis." This means teachers are not a crucial factor. The meaning is that they are not of vital importance in the crisis. Sense 1: "of great significance or value" would also work, but sense 3 is more specific to crisis. Typically, WordNet sense disambiguation favors the more specific sense if it matches the context. Moreover, "important" in "important factor" often means "crucial". So I'll go with sense 3.

Thus, the JSON should be {"sense_index": 3}.