[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the <t>social</t> partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "social" in the context: "The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers." The phrase "social partners" is a term often used in European contexts to refer to representatives of employers and workers (trade unions). In this context, it refers to the social partners involved in employment and labor issues. The word "social" does not mean sociable or relating to high society, but rather relating to society as a whole, particularly in the context of social dialogue. The sense that fits best is sense 1: relating to human society and its members. The phrase "social partners" is a standard term for labor and management representatives. So I will choose sense 1.

Thus, the JSON output is: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: particular
Target surface form: particular
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with <t>particular</t> attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:specific:00 | definition=unique or specific to a person or thing or category | synonyms=peculiar, special | examples=the particular demands of the job; has a particular preference for Chinese art
2. sense_key=particular%5:00:02:specific:00 | definition=separate and distinct from others of the same group or category | examples=interested in one particular artist; a man who wishes to make a particular woman fall in love with him
3. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:uncommon:00 | definition=surpassing what is common or usual or expected | synonyms=especial, exceptional, special | examples=he paid especial attention to her; exceptional kindness
4. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:primary:00 | definition=first and most important | synonyms=special | examples=his special interest is music; she gets special (or particular) satisfaction from her volunteer work
5. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:fastidious:00 | definition=exacting especially about details | synonyms=finical, finicky, fussy, picky | examples=a finicky eater; fussy about clothes
6. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=providing specific details or circumstances | examples=a particular description of the room

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "particular" and its surface form "particular". The context: "... The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with <t>particular</t> attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers." We need to choose the best sense from the provided candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context: "with particular attention paid to proposals..." This suggests that attention is being focused specially on proposals. The phrase "particular attention" often means "special attention" or "especial attention." Looking at the senses:

Sense 1: unique or specific to a person or thing or category. Synonyms: peculiar, special. Example: "the particular demands of the job". This sense seems to focus on something being specific or unique to something, not necessarily about giving special attention.

Sense 2: separate and distinct from others of the same group or category. Example: "interested in one particular artist". This means a specific individual from a group. In our context, "particular attention" is not about a distinct attention from other attentions; it's about the quality of attention.

Sense 3: surpassing what is common or usual or expected; synonyms: especial, exceptional, special. Example: "he paid especial attention to her; exceptional kindness". This fits perfectly: "with particular attention paid" = with special/exceptional attention.

Sense 4: first and most important; synonyms: special. Example: "his special interest is music". This sense implies primary importance. "Particular attention" could be interpreted as "special attention" meaning "primary attention"? But typically, "particular attention" means careful or special attention, not necessarily first and most important.

Sense 5: exacting especially about details; synonyms: finicky, fussy. Example: "a finicky eater". This doesn't fit.

Sense 6: providing specific details or circumstances; example: "a particular description of the room". This is about being detailed, but "particular attention" isn't about a description; it's about the attention itself being special.

The best match is sense 3, which explicitly includes the example "he paid especial attention to her", very similar to our phrase "with particular attention paid".

Thus, the answer should be sense_index 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Fireworks

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attention
Target surface form: attention
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular <t>attention</t> paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attention%1:09:00:: | definition=the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attention%1:04:01:: | definition=the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something | synonyms=care, aid, tending | examples=no medical care was required; the old car needs constant attention
3. sense_key=attention%1:09:02:: | definition=a general interest that leads people to want to know more | examples=She was the center of attention
4. sense_key=attention%1:04:02:: | definition=a courteous act indicating affection | examples=she tried to win his heart with her many attentions
5. sense_key=attention%1:09:01:: | definition=the faculty or power of mental concentration | examples=keeping track of all the details requires your complete attention
6. sense_key=attention%1:07:00:: | definition=a motionless erect stance with arms at the sides and feet together; assumed by military personnel during drill or review | examples=the troops stood at attention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "attention" and surface form "attention" in context. The context mentions "with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers". We need to choose the best sense from the list.

Let's analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense 1: "the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others" (attending). This is about cognitive focus. The phrase "attention paid" could mean mental concentration.

2. sense 2: "the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something" (care, aid, tending). Examples: "no medical care was required; the old car needs constant attention". This is about tending or caring. Not quite; "attention paid to proposals" might mean care or consideration, but it's more abstract.

3. sense 3: "a general interest that leads people to want to know more". Example: "She was the center of attention". This is about being notable or of interest. "Attention paid to proposals" could mean interest shown in the proposals. But "paid to" suggests a directed focus.

4. sense 4: "a courteous act indicating affection". Example: "she tried to win his heart with her many attentions". This is about romantic gestures. Not appropriate.

5. sense 5: "the faculty or power of mental concentration". Example: "keeping track of all the details requires your complete attention". This is similar to sense 1 but as a faculty rather than process. "Attention paid" could mean mental focus.

6. sense 6: "a motionless erect stance with arms at the sides and feet together; assumed by military personnel during drill or review". Obviously not this.

The context: "The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers." Here, "attention paid" means that they are focusing on, or considering carefully, the proposals. It's a cognitive focus. Sense 1 and sense 5 are close. Sense 1 is the process of concentrating; sense 5 is the faculty or power. In the phrase "attention paid", it might be more idiomatic to use "attention" as the act of focusing. I'd lean toward sense 1 because it's the act of attending. Sense 5 is the ability to concentrate. The context says "attention paid to proposals" — they are attending to proposals. That's the process of concentration. Sense 3 is about general interest, but that seems more passive. The phrase "attention paid to" is active focusing. So sense 1 seems best.

Thus, I'll select sense_index: 1.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pay
Target surface form: paid
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention <t>paid</t> to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pay%2:40:00:: | definition=give money, usually in exchange for goods or services | examples=I paid four dollars for this sandwich; Pay the waitress, please
2. sense_key=pay%2:32:00:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=give | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
3. sense_key=pay%2:40:04:: | definition=cancel or discharge a debt | synonyms=pay up, ante up | examples=pay up, please!
4. sense_key=pay%2:40:01:: | definition=bring in | synonyms=yield, bear | examples=interest-bearing accounts; How much does this savings certificate pay annually?
5. sense_key=pay%2:40:02:: | definition=do or give something to somebody in return | synonyms=pay off, make up, compensate | examples=Does she pay you for the work you are doing?
6. sense_key=pay%2:31:00:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
7. sense_key=pay%2:42:00:: | definition=be worth it | examples=It pays to go through the trouble
8. sense_key=pay%2:41:00:: | definition=render | examples=pay a visit; pay a call
9. sense_key=pay%2:31:03:: | definition=bear (a cost or penalty), in recompense for some action | examples=You'll pay for this!; She had to pay the penalty for speaking out rashly
10. sense_key=pay%2:40:13:: | definition=make a compensation for | examples=a favor that cannot be paid back
11. sense_key=pay%2:40:14:: | definition=discharge or settle | examples=pay a debt; pay an obligation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the target lemma "pay" with surface form "paid" in the given context. The context is: "with particular attention <t>paid</t> to proposals for removing age barriers." We need to choose the best sense from the candidate list.

The phrase "pay attention" is a common collocation. Looking at the candidates:

Sense 2: "convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow" with synonyms "give" and example "Don't pay him any mind; give the orders". This fits "pay attention" meaning to bestow or give attention.

Sense 6: "dedicate" with synonyms "give, devote" and examples "give thought to; give priority to". But "dedicate" is slightly different, and the specific phrase "pay attention" is more aligned with sense 2.

Sense 8: "render" with examples "pay a visit; pay a call". "Pay a visit" is a similar construction (pay + noun), but "attention" is more abstract. Sense 2 explicitly includes "attention" in its definition: "convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc." So sense 2 is perfect.

Check others: Sense 1 is about money. Sense 3 about debt. Sense 4 about yield. Sense 5 about compensation. Sense 7 about being worth it. Sense 9 about bearing cost. Sense 10 about making compensation. Sense 11 about discharging debt. None of them fit "pay attention".

So sense 2 is the best match.

Index is 2. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proposal
Target surface form: proposals
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to <t>proposals</t> for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:02:: | definition=an offer of marriage | synonyms=marriage proposal, proposal of marriage, marriage offer
3. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a proposal | synonyms=proposition | examples=they listened to her proposal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Target lemma: proposal
Target surface form: proposals
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organis ations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to <t>proposals</t> for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=an offer of marriage
3. sense_key=proposal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making a proposal; "they listened to her proposal"
```

I see, the candidate senses were cut off in my view but are three. So we need to choose the best sense index (1, 2, or 3) for the word "proposals" in the text: "with particular attention paid to <t>proposals</t> for removing age barriers."

Analysis:
- Sense 1: something proposed (such as a plan or assumption) – That fits: proposals for removing age barriers are plans or suggestions.
- Sense 2: an offer of marriage – clearly not.
- Sense 3: the act of making a proposal – While "proposals" could be the act of proposing, here it refers to the content of the proposals, i.e., the ideas/suggestions themselves. The phrase "proposals for removing age barriers" indicates the thing being paid attention to is the content, like suggestions or plans. Sense 3 would be the act of making a proposal, e.g., "the proposal was well-received" could be ambiguous, but here the context is "paid attention to proposals for removing age barriers", meaning the actual plans/suggestions. Better as a concrete thing (Sense 1) rather than the act.

Thus, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

JSON output: {"sense_index": {"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
We are given a task: Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "proposal", surface form "proposals". The context is provided. We need to choose the best indexed sense from a list of candidate senses. However, the candidate senses are not explicitly listed in the prompt? Wait, let's re-read: "Candidate senses: 1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)" but then there's a weird truncation. Actually, looking at the input: after "Candidate senses:" it seems it was cut off? The text shows:

"Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption) ..." Wait, no, looking at the actual text:

```
You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.1}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proposal
Target surface form: proposals
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to <t>proposals</t> for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:02:: | definition=an offer of marriage | synonyms=marriage proposal, proposal of marriage, marriage offer
3. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a proposal | synonyms=proposition | examples=they listened to her proposal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant]
Target lemma: proposal
Target surface form: proposals
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organis ations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to <t>proposals</t> for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=an offer of marriage
3. sense_key=proposal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making a proposal; "they listened to her proposal"
```

I see, the candidate senses were cut off in my view but are three. So we need to choose the best sense index (1, 2, or 3) for the word "proposals" in the text: "with particular attention paid to <t>proposals</t> for removing age barriers."

Analysis:
- Sense 1: something proposed (such as a plan or assumption) – That fits: proposals for removing age barriers are plans or suggestions.
- Sense 2: an offer of marriage – clearly not.
- Sense 3: the act of making a proposal – While "proposals" could be the act of proposing, here it refers to the content of the proposals, i.e., the ideas/suggestions themselves. The phrase "proposals for removing age barriers" indicates the thing being paid attention to is the content, like suggestions or plans. Sense 3 would be the act of making a proposal, e.g., "the proposal was well-received" could be ambiguous, but here the context is "paid attention to proposals for removing age barriers", meaning the actual plans/suggestions. Better as a concrete thing (Sense 1) rather than the act.

Thus, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

JSON output: {"sense_index": {"sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
The target is "proposals" in context: "with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers."

- Sense 1: something proposed (such as a plan or assumption) – This fits perfectly, as "proposals for removing age barriers" are plans or suggestions.
- Sense 2: an offer of marriage – Not applicable.
- Sense 3: the act of making a proposal – This refers to the action of proposing, not the content. The phrase "paid attention to proposals" focuses on the plans themselves, not the act of proposing.

Thus, sense_index 1 is correct.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remove
Target surface form: removing
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for <t>removing</t> age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remove%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=take, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
2. sense_key=remove%2:41:00:: | definition=remove from a position or an office
3. sense_key=remove%2:40:00:: | definition=dispose of | synonyms=get rid of | examples=Get rid of these old shoes!; The company got rid of all the dead wood
4. sense_key=remove%2:41:02:: | definition=cause to leave | synonyms=take out, move out | examples=The teacher took the children out of the classroom
5. sense_key=remove%2:38:00:: | definition=shift the position or location of, as for business, legal, educational, or military purposes | synonyms=transfer | examples=He removed his children to the countryside; Remove the troops to the forest surrounding the city
6. sense_key=remove%2:30:01:: | definition=go away or leave | synonyms=absent | examples=He absented himself
7. sense_key=remove%2:41:01:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, hit, dispatch, bump off, off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
8. sense_key=remove%2:30:02:: | definition=get rid of something abstract | synonyms=take away | examples=The death of her mother removed the last obstacle to their marriage; God takes away your sins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "removing" in the given context. The context is about "proposals for removing age barriers." So, "removing" here means to get rid of or eliminate age barriers. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. remove something concrete or abstract; synonyms: take, take away, withdraw; examples: remove a threat; remove a wrapper. This sense can apply to abstract things like a threat. Age barriers are abstract, so this might fit.

2. remove from a position or an office. Not relevant; age barriers are not positions.

3. dispose of; synonyms: get rid of; examples: get rid of these old shoes, the company got rid of all the dead wood. This explicitly means to dispose of or get rid of something. Age barriers are being gotten rid of. This also fits.

4. cause to leave; synonyms: take out, move out; example: teacher took children out of the classroom. Not relevant; age barriers aren't people.

5. shift position or location; transfer. Not relevant.

6. go away or leave; absent oneself. Not relevant.

7. kill intentionally; murder. Not relevant.

8. get rid of something abstract; synonyms: take away; example: The death of her mother removed the last obstacle... God takes away your sins. This sense is specifically for abstract things, like obstacles. Age barriers are abstract obstacles. The example includes "removed the last obstacle", very similar to removing barriers.

Now, compare sense 1, 3, and 8. Sense 1: "remove something abstract" with example "remove a threat". Sense 8: "get rid of something abstract" with example "removed the last obstacle". Sense 3: "dispose of" with get rid of, but examples are concrete (shoes, dead wood) though it says "dispose of" can be abstract too? The definition: "dispose of" and synonyms "get rid of". But sense 3 doesn't specify abstract vs concrete, while senses 1 and 8 explicitly include abstract. However, sense 1 says "remove something concrete, as by lifting... or remove something abstract", giving both. Sense 8 is exclusively abstract.

In context, "removing age barriers" is clearly about eliminating an abstract obstacle. Sense 8 seems the most precise because it's "get rid of something abstract" with the example "removed the last obstacle", which is parallel. Sense 1 also covers abstract (remove a threat) but it includes concrete as well. Sense 3 is more generic "dispose of". Among these, sense 8 is the most specific to abstract obstacles. WordNet often has a fine-grained split: sense 1 for concrete/abstract removal by physical or metaphorical taking away, sense 8 for abstract removal (take away). Let's check the sense keys: remove%2:30:00:: (sense 1) is a verb of change? remove%2:30:02:: (sense 8) also. They are in the same file? 30 might be change. Sense 8 is specifically "get rid of something abstract". Given the example "removed the last obstacle", it perfectly matches "removing age barriers" as barriers are obstacles.

Thus, sense 8 is most appropriate.

So answer: {"sense_index": 8}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: age
Target surface form: age
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing <t>age</t> barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=age%1:07:00:: | definition=how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age
2. sense_key=age%1:28:02:: | definition=an era of history having some distinctive feature | synonyms=historic period | examples=we live in a litigious age
3. sense_key=age%1:28:00:: | definition=a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | synonyms=eld | examples=she was now of school age; tall for his eld
4. sense_key=age%1:28:03:: | definition=a prolonged period of time | synonyms=long time, years | examples=we've known each other for ages; I haven't been there for years and years
5. sense_key=age%1:28:01:: | definition=a late time of life | synonyms=old age, years, eld, geezerhood | examples=old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked for the best indexed sense for "age" in the context: "...proposals for removing age barriers..." The context discusses age barriers in job recruitment and training, focusing on barriers, especially for older workers. The target phrase "age barriers" likely refers to discrimination based on age, often concerning older workers. So "age" here means one's chronological age as a characteristic that leads to barriers. Let's compare the options:

1. age%1:07:00:: how long something has existed - this is general, e.g., "it was replaced because of its age". That could apply to the age of a person as a number, but it's very broad.

2. age%1:28:02:: an era of history having some distinctive feature, e.g., "we live in a litigious age." Not relevant.

3. age%1:28:00:: a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises. Synonyms: eld. Examples: "she was now of school age; tall for his eld." This sense refers to a specific stage in life, like being of a certain age for something. That could relate to barriers based on a particular age category, like being "of working age" or "of retirement age". But the context says "age barriers, especially for older workers", so it's about age as a factor in discrimination. This sense is about a qualification arising at a certain age, not exactly about general age barriers.

4. age%1:28:03:: a prolonged period of time, like "ages". Not relevant.

5. age%1:28:01:: a late time of life; old age. Synonyms: old age, years. Examples: "old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years." This specifically refers to being old. The context highlights "especially for older workers", so the barriers being referred to are those based on old age. The phrase "age barriers" typically means barriers due to age, often discriminatory against older workers. So sense 5, "a late time of life", seems to capture the intended meaning: barriers related to being old. However, note that the phrase "age barriers" may not exclusively mean old age; it could be any age-based barriers, but the context says "especially for older workers", so the focus is on older age. Sense 3, "a time of life at which some particular qualification or power arises", could also be considered because age thresholds create barriers, but the examples for sense 3 are about reaching an age where one qualifies (school age), not about discrimination or barriers. Sense 1 "how long something has existed" is too general and not specific to the social context. So sense 5 is the most appropriate because it directly relates to late time of life, which is what "age barriers" for older workers implies.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 5.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 5}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: barrier
Target surface form: barriers
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age <t>barriers</t>. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=barrier%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure or object that impedes free movement
2. sense_key=barrier%1:09:00:: | definition=any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective | synonyms=roadblock | examples=intolerance is a barrier to understanding
3. sense_key=barrier%1:17:00:: | definition=anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "barriers" in the given context. The target lemma is "barrier", and the surface form is "barriers". The context discusses "age barriers in job recruitment and training" and proposals for removing age barriers, and initiatives that combat age barriers. So the word refers to obstacles or impediments, specifically age-related barriers that hinder employment. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. A structure or object that impedes free movement (physical barrier).
2. Any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or achieve an objective; synonyms: roadblock; example: intolerance is a barrier to understanding. This is a metaphorical sense, often social or abstract.
3. Anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access.

Sense 2 fits perfectly: age barriers are conditions that make it difficult to progress in employment. It's not a physical structure (sense 1) nor about obstructing vision (sense 3). The example "intolerance is a barrier to understanding" parallels "age is a barrier to employment". So sense 2 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assess
Target surface form: assesses
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and <t>assesses</t> initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assess%2:31:00:: | definition=evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of | synonyms=measure, evaluate, valuate, appraise, value | examples=I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional; access all the factors when taking a risk
2. sense_key=assess%2:40:01:: | definition=charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine
3. sense_key=assess%2:40:00:: | definition=set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine) | synonyms=tax
4. sense_key=assess%2:31:01:: | definition=estimate the value of (property) for taxation | examples=Our house hasn't been assessed in years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "assesses" in context. The target word is "assesses" from the lemma "assess" (verb). We have four candidate senses. The context: "Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers." So the project is documenting and assessing initiatives. The initiatives are programs or actions that combat age barriers. So "assesses" here means evaluating these initiatives, possibly judging their effectiveness, quality, etc.

Look at the senses:
1. "evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of" | synonyms: measure, evaluate, valuate, appraise, value. Example: access all the factors when taking a risk. This fits: assessing initiatives means evaluating them.
2. "charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine" – not relevant.
3. "set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine)" – not relevant.
4. "estimate the value of (property) for taxation" – not relevant.

Sense 1 is clearly the best. But we need to output the sense index as an integer. The candidate senses are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 in the list. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: private
Target surface form: private
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and <t>private</t> sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=private%3:00:00:: | definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy | examples=a private place; private discussions
2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00 | definition=concerning things deeply private and personal | examples=private correspondence; private family matters
3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=individual | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath
4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=secret | examples=secret (or private) thoughts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "private" in the given context. The context sentence: "Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and <t>private</t> sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers." So "private" is used in the phrase "public and private sectors", referring to sectors of the economy. This is a common usage meaning non-governmental, business-related.

Now look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=private%3:00:00::, definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy, examples=a private place; private discussions. This is about exclusion, not about the economic sector.

2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00, definition=concerning things deeply private and personal, examples=private correspondence; private family matters. This is about personal, intimate matters.

3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00, definition=concerning one person exclusively, synonyms=individual, examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath. This sense is about exclusivity to a single person, like "private bathroom". Not about economic sector.

4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00, definition=not expressed, synonyms=secret, examples=secret (or private) thoughts. This is about thoughts or feelings kept hidden.

None of these directly mention the economic sector sense, but the context clearly refers to "private sector" meaning the part of the economy that is not state-controlled. In WordNet, there is a specific sense for "private" in "private sector" which is typically the sense: "private%3:00:00::" might be too broad. However, the provided candidate senses are limited. The phrase "private sector" is a fixed phrase. Looking at the candidate senses, sense 1 might be the closest? But sense 1 says "confined to particular persons or groups" – that could apply to the private sector being distinct from the public. But the examples given are "a private place; private discussions" which don't align with economic sectors. Sense 3 is "concerning one person exclusively" – but private sector isn't about one person. Sense 2 is "deeply private and personal" – not economic. Sense 4 is about secrets.

Given that the phrase is "public and private sectors", the standard meaning is the sector of the economy owned by private individuals and businesses, not the government. This is a specific sense. In WordNet, there is a sense for "private" as an adjective meaning "not public; concerning one person or group only" but that sense is often applied to the private sector. However, the provided senses don't include an explicit "non-governmental" definition.

Let's check the sense keys: sense_key=private%3:00:00:: is the most general sense, often used for private vs. public places, discussions, etc. Sense 1's definition: "confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy". The private sector is indeed confined to private ownership, so it might fit under that sense. Examples: "a private place; private discussions" – but the example "private sector" is not given. However, in WordNet, the sense private%3:00:00:: is the one that typically covers "private sector", "private property", etc. Other senses like %5 are more specific.

Sense 2 is %5:00:02:personal:00, meaning deeply personal. Sense 3 is %5:00:00:personal:00, meaning individual. Sense 4 is %5:00:00:inward:00, meaning secret. So sense 1 is the most general, non-restricted sense, and likely the one intended for phrases like "private sector".

Thus, I'll choose sense 1 as the best match.

But wait, is there any better mapping? The private sector is not necessarily about providing privacy; it's about ownership. However, the definition "confined to particular persons or groups" does capture the idea that it's not public. And the examples "a private place" is analogous to a sector that isn't open to public ownership.

So answer: sense_index: 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private <t>sectors</t> which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "sectors" in the given context. The target is "sectors" in the phrase "in both the public and private <t>sectors</t>". The lemma is "sector". We need to choose the best indexed sense from the provided candidate senses.

Candidate senses:
1. geometry: a plane figure (circle sector)
2. social group: part of society or economy, e.g., "the public sector"
3. aspect of life or activity: synonym "sphere", e.g., "he was helpless in an important sector of his life"
4. computing: minimum track length for storage (512 bytes)
5. military: portion of a military position
6. measuring instrument: two graduated arms hinged

Context: "... documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers."

Clearly, "public and private sectors" refers to economic/social divisions: the public sector (government) and private sector (businesses). This matches sense 2: "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy", with example "the public sector". Sense 3 is more about an abstract sphere of life, not specifically economic/employment sectors. Sense 3's example: "he was helpless in an important sector of his life" suggests a general aspect. But the given context uses "public and private sectors" which is a standard phrase for economic sectors. Therefore, sense 2 is the best match.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: age
Target surface form: age
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat <t>age</t> barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=age%1:07:00:: | definition=how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age
2. sense_key=age%1:28:02:: | definition=an era of history having some distinctive feature | synonyms=historic period | examples=we live in a litigious age
3. sense_key=age%1:28:00:: | definition=a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | synonyms=eld | examples=she was now of school age; tall for his eld
4. sense_key=age%1:28:03:: | definition=a prolonged period of time | synonyms=long time, years | examples=we've known each other for ages; I haven't been there for years and years
5. sense_key=age%1:28:01:: | definition=a late time of life | synonyms=old age, years, eld, geezerhood | examples=old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the target lemma "age" in the given context. The context discusses "age barriers" in employment, specifically regarding older workers. The target appears as <t>age</t> barriers. So "age" here refers to the concept of age as a number representing how old someone is, particularly in the context of discrimination based on age. Let's examine the senses:

1. sense_key=age%1:07:00:: | definition=how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age. This is a general measure of time since creation/existence. Could apply to people or things. But "age barriers" might be about the age of a person.

2. sense_key=age%1:28:02:: | definition=an era of history having some distinctive feature | synonyms=historic period | examples=we live in a litigious age. This is a historic period, not relevant.

3. sense_key=age%1:28:00:: | definition=a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | synonyms=eld | examples=she was now of school age; tall for his eld. This is a specific time of life (like school age, retirement age). "Age barriers" could be about barriers based on being of a certain age, but this sense emphasizes a threshold age for a qualification. The examples show "of school age". The definition says "at which some particular qualification or power arises". That fits "age barriers" if barriers are based on being too young or too old for something.

4. sense_key=age%1:28:03:: | definition=a prolonged period of time | synonyms=long time, years | examples=we've known each other for ages. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=age%1:28:01:: | definition=a late time of life | synonyms=old age, years, eld, geezerhood | examples=old age is not for sissies. This specifically means old age. The context mentions "especially for older workers", so it's about barriers for older people. But the phrase "age barriers" could refer to barriers based on age in general, not just old age. However, the project is concerned with older workers, so it might be barriers related to old age. But the term "age barriers" generally refers to discrimination or obstacles due to a person's age, which could be any age. The context says "combat age barriers, especially for older workers." So it's not exclusively old age; it's age in general with a focus on older workers. So sense 3, a time of life at which some qualification or power arises, seems more general. Sense 1 (how long something has existed) is also possible: a person's age is how long they have existed. But sense 3 is specifically about people and age thresholds. In WordNet, sense 1 is the most general (for anything), while sense 3 is specific to people's life stages. Given the context of job recruitment, training, and older workers, "age barriers" likely refers to the age of a person, meaning sense 1 or 3. Sense 5 is too narrow (old age only). The phrase "age barriers" could be interpreted as barriers based on the person's age (how old they are), so sense 1 fits. However, sense 3 includes the notion of qualification/power arising at certain ages, which is relevant to employment (e.g., too young, too old). The examples for sense 3: "she was now of school age" indicates a threshold. In the context, "age barriers in job recruitment and training" suggests that age is a barrier to entry or advancement. That aligns with sense 3. Sense 1 is more neutral. Let's check the definition of sense 1: "how long something has existed". For a person, that is their age. But sense 3 specifically says "a time of life... at which some particular qualification or power arises". So it's about a specific stage of life. In "age barriers", the barriers are due to the person's age, not necessarily a specific qualification stage? Actually, barriers often arise at certain ages (e.g., too old to be hired, too young to retire). I think sense 3 is more precise for contexts where age is a criterion for something. Let's see other examples: "age discrimination" would map to sense 1 or 3? In WordNet, "age" as in "age discrimination" is probably sense 1. But I need to pick the best indexed sense.

I'll go with sense 3 because it mentions qualification/power, which aligns with employment barriers. The context: "remove age barriers, especially for older workers", and "retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers" so it's about age thresholds for work. Sense 3 fits well. Sense 5 is too specific to old age. Sense 1 is too broad. So I'll choose index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: barrier
Target surface form: barriers
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age <t>barriers</t>, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=barrier%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure or object that impedes free movement
2. sense_key=barrier%1:09:00:: | definition=any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective | synonyms=roadblock | examples=intolerance is a barrier to understanding
3. sense_key=barrier%1:17:00:: | definition=anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "barriers" in the given context. The context is about age barriers in job recruitment and training, removing age barriers, and combatting age barriers. The target is "barriers" as part of "age barriers". We have three candidate senses:

1. barrier%1:06:00:: definition: a structure or object that impedes free movement. This sense refers to physical obstacles, like a fence or wall.
2. barrier%1:09:00:: definition: any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective. synonyms: roadblock. example: intolerance is a barrier to understanding. This sense is about abstract conditions that hinder progress.
3. barrier%1:17:00:: definition: anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access. This sense is about something that separates, like a barrier that blocks sight or access.

In the context, "age barriers" are not physical structures, nor are they about obstructing vision or access. They are conditions that make it difficult to make progress in job recruitment and training. They are obstacles to achieving objectives like hiring or training older workers. The phrase "combat age barriers" and "removing age barriers" clearly indicate they are hindrances to progress, similar to a "roadblock". Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index":

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, <t>especially</t> for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "especially" in the given context. The target is "especially" with surface form "especially". We have two candidate senses:

Sense 1: sense_key=especially%4:02:00::, definition="to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common", synonyms: particularly, peculiarly, specially. Example: "he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack"

Sense 2: sense_key=especially%4:02:01::, definition="in a special manner", synonyms: specially. Example: "a specially arranged dinner"

Now, look at the context: "The project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, <t>especially</t> for older workers." The word "especially" here means "particularly" or "specifically" highlighting a subgroup within the initiatives. It indicates that among initiatives combating age barriers, those for older workers are of particular focus. This aligns with Sense 1, which is about to a greater extent or degree than others, emphasizing a specific subset. Sense 2, "in a special manner," would imply a special way of doing something, like a specially arranged event. Here, it's not about the manner of initiative but about the specificity of the target group. So Sense 1 is correct.

Thus, the answer should be sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: older
Target surface form: older
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for <t>older</t> workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=older%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables) | synonyms=aged, elderly, senior | examples=aged members of the society; elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper
2. sense_key=older%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=used of the older of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a father from his son | synonyms=elder, sr. | examples=Bill Adams, Sr.
3. sense_key=older%5:00:00:experienced:00 | definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=old | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
4. sense_key=old%3:00:02:: | definition=(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age | synonyms=old | examples=his mother is very old; a ripe old age
5. sense_key=old%3:00:01:: | definition=of long duration; not new | synonyms=old | examples=old tradition; old house
6. sense_key=old%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=(used for emphasis) very familiar | synonyms=old | examples=good old boy; same old story
7. sense_key=older%5:00:00:experienced:00 | definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=old | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
8. sense_key=erstwhile%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to some prior time | synonyms=erstwhile, former, old, onetime, quondam, sometime | examples=erstwhile friend; our former glory
9. sense_key=honest-to-god%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=(used informally especially for emphasis) | synonyms=honest-to-god, honest-to-goodness, old, sure-enough | examples=a real honest-to-god live cowboy; had us a high old time
10. sense_key=old%5:00:00:early:01 | definition=of a very early stage in development | synonyms=Old | examples=Old English is also called Anglo Saxon; Old High German is High German from the middle of the 9th to the end of the 11th century
11. sense_key=previous%5:00:00:preceding:00 | definition=just preceding something else in time or order | synonyms=previous, old | examples=the previous owner; my old house was larger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "older" in the context: "combat age barriers, especially for <t>older</t> workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers."

The target word is "older" and we need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate list (1 to 11). Note that some senses are duplicates or very similar (e.g., 3 and 7 are identical in definition and synonyms). They might be different WordNet entries but appear as separate indexed items. We need to pick the one best match.

First, parse the context: The text discusses age barriers in employment, focusing on "older workers". It mentions retention, reintegration, and retraining of older workers, and alternatives to early retirement and redundancy. So "older" here clearly refers to workers who are advanced in years, not some other meaning like "previous" or "former".

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. definition=advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables) | synonyms=aged, elderly, senior | examples=aged members of the society; elderly residents...
   This seems very appropriate: "older workers" means workers who are advanced in years, i.e., aging workers. Synonyms: aged, elderly, senior. But note: "older" is the surface form; sense 1 gives "aged, elderly, senior" as synonyms, and the definition is "advanced in years". This is likely the correct sense.

2. sense_key=older%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=used of the older of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a father from his son | synonyms=elder, sr. | examples=Bill Adams, Sr.
   This is about naming convention, like "older" referring to a senior family member with the same name. Not applicable here.

3. definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=old | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
   This could be interpreted as experienced, not necessarily old in age. But in the context, "older workers" likely means workers of advanced age, not necessarily just experienced. The project is about combating age barriers, so age is the key.

4. definition=(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age | synonyms=old | examples=his mother is very old; a ripe old age
   This is more general: having lived for a long time. It is similar to sense 1, but sense 1 specifically says "advanced in years; `aged' is pronounced as two syllables" and lists aged, elderly, senior. Sense 4 is just "old". Note: "older" is the comparative of "old". So sense 4 would be the base sense of "old", but "older" is comparative. Still, the meaning "having lived for a relatively long time" fits.

5. of long duration; not new | synonyms=old | examples=old tradition; old house
   This refers to things not new, not people. Irrelevant.

6. (used for emphasis) very familiar | synonyms=old | examples=good old boy; same old story
   Not about age.

7. duplicate of 3: skilled through long experience. Again, could be "experienced" but context emphasizes age barriers, so age is primary.

8. belonging to some prior time | synonyms=erstwhile, former, old, onetime, quondam, sometime | examples=erstwhile friend; our former glory
   "Older" isn't used this way; "old" can mean former, but "older" is comparative. Not applicable.

9. (used informally especially for emphasis) | synonyms=honest-to-god, honest-to-goodness, old, sure-enough | examples=a real honest-to-god live cowboy; had us a high old time
   Not relevant.

10. of a very early stage in development | synonyms=Old | examples=Old English is also called Anglo Saxon
   Capital "Old" in specific historical contexts. Not relevant.

11. just preceding something else in time or order | synonyms=previous, old | examples=the previous owner; my old house was larger
   "Old" can mean previous, but "older" isn't used that way typically, and context is about age.

Thus, the best candidates are sense 1 and sense 4. Sense 1 is explicitly "older" as in aged, elderly, senior, with the same example structure: "older workers" matches "aged members of the society". Sense 4 is just "old". Since the target is "older", the comparative form, and sense 1 is directly labeled with synonyms "aged, elderly, senior", it is more precise. Sense 1's definition: "advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables)" — that is exactly about people of advanced age. Sense 4 is broader "having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age". Both could work, but sense 1 is specifically tagged as "older" in the WordNet index? Actually, the sense_key for sense 1 is "older%5:00:00:old:02", which indicates it's an adjective synset for "older" linked to the base word "old". WordNet entries for comparative adjectives might be separate. So sense 1 is exactly the "older" meaning we want.

Sense 4 is "old%3:00:02::" which is the base adjective "old". In the list, the candidate senses include "older" as a surface form but with different sense keys. We must choose the indexed sense that best fits "older" in context. Sense 1 is indexed as 1. So I'll go with sense 1.

To confirm, check examples: "aged members of the society; elderly residents could remember..." These are parallel to "older workers". Sense 3/7 (experienced) doesn't fit because the context discusses age barriers, not just experience, though experience may come with age. But the phrase "older workers" is standard for aging workers. Also, "retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers" clearly points to age, not just experience.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: workers
Context:
Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older <t>workers</t>. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "workers" in the given context. The context is about a project that documents initiatives to combat age barriers in employment, especially for older workers. It discusses recruitment, training, retention, reintegration, and retraining of older workers. The target word appears in: "especially for older <t>workers</t>."

Candidate senses:
1. sense 1: a person who works at a specific occupation (good worker)
2. sense 2: a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) (proletarian, prole)
3. sense 3: sterile member of a colony of social insects (foraging, caring for larvae)
4. sense 4: a person who acts and gets things done (actor, doer)

The context is clearly about employment, jobs, occupations. "Older workers" refers to people who are employed or seeking employment. The project is about age barriers in job recruitment and training, and initiatives to combat age barriers. So "workers" here means people who work at specific occupations. Sense 1 is "a person who works at a specific occupation". That fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about the working class, which is a broader social class, but here it's specifically about employment and jobs, not just class membership. Sense 4 is too generic. Sense 3 is irrelevant. So the best sense is 1.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seek
Target surface form: Seeking
Context:
These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. <t>Seeking</t> alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers. The gender and ethnic backgrounds of workers and how these relate to age discrimination are examined.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seek%2:40:00:: | definition=try to get or reach | examples=seek a position; seek an education
2. sense_key=seek%2:35:00:: | definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | synonyms=search, look for | examples=The police are searching for clues; They are searching for the missing man in the entire county
3. sense_key=seek%2:41:00:: | definition=make an effort or attempt | synonyms=try, attempt, essay, assay | examples=He tried to shake off his fears; The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps
4. sense_key=seek%2:38:00:: | definition=go to or towards | examples=a liquid seeks its own level
5. sense_key=seek%2:32:00:: | definition=inquire for | examples=seek directions from a local

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "seek" and the surface form "Seeking" in the context: "Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers."

We need to choose the best indexed sense among the five provided. Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=seek%2:40:00:: | definition=try to get or reach | examples=seek a position; seek an education
   - This sense is about trying to obtain something, like a position or education. In context, "Seeking alternatives" means trying to find or obtain alternatives. It fits the idea of actively looking for options to replace early retirement and redundancy. But is it "try to get or reach"? Alternatives are not positions or education; they are options or solutions.

2. sense_key=seek%2:35:00:: | definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | synonyms=search, look for | examples=The police are searching for clues; They are searching for the missing man
   - This is about searching or looking for something. "Seeking alternatives" could be interpreted as searching for alternatives. This seems very close. The project is looking for alternatives to early retirement and redundancy.

3. sense_key=seek%2:41:00:: | definition=make an effort or attempt | synonyms=try, attempt, essay, assay | examples=He tried to shake off his fears; The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps
   - This sense is about attempting or trying to do something. "Seeking alternatives" could mean attempting to find alternatives, but it's more about the act of searching rather than just making an effort. The focus is on the object (alternatives) rather than the effort.

4. sense_key=seek%2:38:00:: | definition=go to or towards | examples=a liquid seeks its own level
   - This is about physical movement toward something. Not applicable here; "alternatives" are abstract.

5. sense_key=seek%2:32:00:: | definition=inquire for | examples=seek directions from a local
   - This is about asking for something, like directions. "Seeking alternatives" doesn't necessarily involve asking someone; it's more about searching or looking for options.

Now, which fits best? The context: "Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers." They are looking for or trying to find alternatives. Sense 2 (try to locate or discover) and sense 1 (try to get) are both possible. But "alternatives" are not something you "get" in the sense of obtaining a position; they are things you find or discover. Sense 2 specifically says "try to locate or discover" with synonyms "search, look for". The examples: "The police are searching for clues" parallels "searching for alternatives". Sense 1 is "try to get or reach" with examples like "seek a position" which is more about attaining a goal. Here, they are not necessarily attaining the alternatives; they are looking for them to implement perhaps. The project is documenting and assessing initiatives that combat age barriers, and seeking alternatives is part of that—looking for different approaches. So sense 2 seems more precise.

Let's also consider the phrase "Seeking alternatives" — it's a common expression meaning "looking for options". That aligns with sense 2: try to locate or discover.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

We need to output JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: early
Target surface form: early
Context:
These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to <t>early</t> retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers. The gender and ethnic backgrounds of workers and how these relate to age discrimination are examined.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=early%3:00:00:: | definition=at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time | examples=early morning; an early warning
2. sense_key=early%3:00:02:: | definition=being or occurring at an early stage of development | examples=in an early stage; early forms of life
3. sense_key=early%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=former, other | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=early%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=very young | examples=at an early age
5. sense_key=early%3:00:01:: | definition=of an early stage in the development of a language or literature | examples=the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C.; Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700
6. sense_key=early%5:00:01:future:00 | definition=expected in the near future | examples=look for an early end to the negotiations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "early" with the surface form "early" in the given context. The context is: "Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers." So "early" modifies "retirement" here, meaning retirement that occurs before the usual or expected time (i.e., before the standard retirement age). It's about early retirement as a concept where workers retire earlier than normal.

Now let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=early%3:00:00:: | definition=at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time | examples=early morning; an early warning. This sense fits: "early retirement" means retirement before the usual or expected time.

2. sense_key=early%3:00:02:: | definition=being or occurring at an early stage of development | examples=in an early stage; early forms of life. This doesn't fit retirement; retirement isn't a stage of development.

3. sense_key=early%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=former, other | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations. "Early retirement" doesn't mean retirement in the distant past.

4. sense_key=early%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=very young | examples=at an early age. This doesn't fit retirement.

5. sense_key=early%3:00:01:: | definition=of an early stage in the development of a language or literature | examples=the Early Hebrew... Early Modern English... Not relevant.

6. sense_key=early%5:00:01:future:00 | definition=expected in the near future | examples=look for an early end to the negotiations. "Early retirement" isn't about the near future; it's about retirement happening earlier than normal.

Clearly, sense 1 is the best match. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: retirement
Target surface form: retirement
Context:
These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early <t>retirement</t> and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers. The gender and ethnic backgrounds of workers and how these relate to age discrimination are examined.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=retirement%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being retired from one's business or occupation
2. sense_key=retirement%1:04:00:: | definition=withdrawal from your position or occupation
3. sense_key=retirement%1:04:01:: | definition=withdrawal for prayer and study and meditation | synonyms=retreat | examples=the religious retreat is a form of vacation activity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked for the target word "retirement" in context. The context discusses "Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy". This is clearly about leaving one's job or occupation, not about a state of being retired, nor about a religious retreat. Sense 1 is the state of being retired, sense 2 is the act of withdrawing from position/occupation, sense 3 is withdrawal for prayer and study (retreat). In context, "early retirement" refers to leaving one's job early. It's an action, not just the state. The phrase "alternatives to early retirement and redundancy" indicates actions: retiring early or being made redundant. So the act of withdrawing from an occupation is more fitting. Sense 2: withdrawal from your position or occupation. Sense 1 is the state, but here they are seeking alternatives to the act of early retirement, not alternatives to the state. The event of retiring early. So sense 2. However, note that both senses 1 and 2 could apply. Context: "early retirement" as a concept. But the gloss for sense 1 says "the state of being retired", while sense 2 is the act of withdrawing. The phrase "early retirement" often refers to the act of retiring early. I'll check examples: "he retired early" vs "he is in retirement". Here, it's about alternatives to early retirement, meaning they want to keep older workers working rather than having them take early retirement (the act). So sense 2 seems best. Sense 3 is entirely off. So JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: redundancy
Target surface form: redundancy
Context:
These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers. Seeking alternatives to early retirement and <t>redundancy</t>, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers. The gender and ethnic backgrounds of workers and how these relate to age discrimination are examined.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=redundancy%1:10:00:: | definition=repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmission
2. sense_key=redundancy%1:07:00:: | definition=the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded | synonyms=redundance | examples=the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers
3. sense_key=redundancy%1:09:00:: | definition=(electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails
4. sense_key=redundancy%1:04:00:: | definition=repetition of an act needlessly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "redundancy" in the given context. The target lemma is "redundancy", surface form is "redundancy". Context: "... Seeking alternatives to early retirement and redundancy, the project is primarily concerned with the retention, reintegration and retraining of older workers. ..."

We have four candidate senses:

1. repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmission
2. the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded; synonyms: redundance; example: the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers
3. (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails
4. repetition of an act needlessly

The context is about age barriers in employment, early retirement, and redundancy. "Redundancy" here clearly refers to job loss, being laid off because the worker is no longer needed—synonymous with being superfluous or unneeded. The example given in sense 2 directly relates: "the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers". That matches the employment context perfectly. Sense 1 and 3 are about technical error prevention or electronics. Sense 4 is about needless repetition of an act, which doesn't fit.

Thus, the best sense is sense 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Novita