[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: back
Target surface form: back
Context:
I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My <t>back</t> is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=back%1:08:00:: | definition=the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine | synonyms=dorsum | examples=his back was nicely tanned
2. sense_key=back%1:06:00:: | definition=the side that goes last or is not normally seen | synonyms=rear | examples=he wrote the date on the back of the photograph
3. sense_key=back%1:15:02:: | definition=the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer | synonyms=rear | examples=he stood at the back of the stage; it was hidden in the rear of the store
4. sense_key=back%1:18:00:: | definition=(football) a person who plays in the backfield
5. sense_key=back%1:08:01:: | definition=the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord | synonyms=spinal column, vertebral column, spine, backbone, rachis | examples=the fall broke his back
6. sense_key=back%1:06:03:: | definition=the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book | synonyms=binding, book binding, cover | examples=the book had a leather binding
7. sense_key=back%1:06:02:: | definition=the part of a garment that covers the back of your body | examples=they pinned a `kick me' sign on his back
8. sense_key=back%1:06:01:: | definition=a support that you can lean against while sitting | synonyms=backrest | examples=the back of the dental chair was adjustable
9. sense_key=back%1:04:00:: | definition=(American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "back" and target surface form "back". The context is a narrative. The person is describing their experience during and after a storm, probably an earthquake? They mention "My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking." So "back" here clearly refers to the physical part of the body, the posterior part from neck to spine. That matches sense 1: "the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine" with synonyms "dorsum". The example "his back was nicely tanned" also fits the body part. The phrase "my back is still in knots" indicates muscle tension in the back. So sense 1 is correct.

Other senses: sense 2 is about the side that goes last or is not normally seen, e.g., "back of the photograph". Sense 3 is the part furthest from the viewer. Sense 4 is a football player. Sense 5 is the spinal column as a skeletal structure, but here "back" is used as a body part, not specifically the vertebral column; however, sense 1 is broader and includes the whole posterior torso. Sense 5 is more anatomical: "the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton", but in context, "my back is in knots" refers to muscles, so sense 1 is better. Sense 6 is book cover. Sense 7 is garment part. Sense 8 is a backrest. Sense 9 is a football position. So clearly sense 1.

Thus, return {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hand
Target surface form: hands
Context:
I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my <t>hands</t> are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hand%1:08:00:: | definition=the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb | synonyms=manus, mitt, paw | examples=he had the hands of a surgeon; he extended his mitt
2. sense_key=hand%1:18:00:: | definition=a hired laborer on a farm or ranch | synonyms=hired hand, hired man | examples=the hired hand fixed the railing; a ranch hand
3. sense_key=hand%1:10:00:: | definition=something written by hand | synonyms=handwriting, script | examples=she recognized his handwriting; his hand was illegible
4. sense_key=hand%1:09:00:: | definition=ability | examples=he wanted to try his hand at singing
5. sense_key=hand%1:15:00:: | definition=a position given by its location to the side of an object | examples=objections were voiced on every hand
6. sense_key=hand%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=deal | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=hand%1:09:01:: | definition=one of two sides of an issue | examples=on the one hand..., but on the other hand...
8. sense_key=hand%1:06:00:: | definition=a rotating pointer on the face of a timepiece | examples=the big hand counts the minutes
9. sense_key=hand%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of length equal to 4 inches; used in measuring horses | examples=the horse stood 20 hands
10. sense_key=hand%1:18:02:: | definition=a member of the crew of a ship | examples=all hands on deck
11. sense_key=hand%1:18:01:: | definition=a card player in a game of bridge | synonyms=bridge player | examples=we need a 4th hand for bridge
12. sense_key=hand%1:10:01:: | definition=a round of applause to signify approval | examples=give the little lady a great big hand
13. sense_key=hand%1:05:01:: | definition=terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates (e.g. apes or kangaroos); - Springfield (Mass.) Union | examples=the kangaroo's forearms seem undeveloped but the powerful five-fingered hands are skilled at feinting and clouting
14. sense_key=hand%1:04:00:: | definition=physical assistance | synonyms=helping hand | examples=give me a hand with the chores

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "hands" in the given context. The target lemma is "hand", surface form "hands". The context is a passage describing a person's experience during a storm, mentioning feeling aftershocks, back in knots, and hands shaking. We need to choose the single best sense from the list.

Read the passage: "I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking."

The target word "hands" appears in: "my hands are still shaking." This clearly refers to the body part, the extremities of the arms. So we look for the sense that means the extremity of the superior limb. That is sense 1: "the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb", synonyms manus, mitt, paw, examples "he had the hands of a surgeon; he extended his mitt". That fits perfectly.

Check other senses: sense 2 is hired laborer, sense 3 handwriting, sense 4 ability, sense 5 position to the side, sense 6 cards, sense 7 sides of an issue, sense 8 clock pointer, sense 9 unit of length, sense 10 ship crew member, sense 11 bridge player, sense 12 round of applause, sense 13 terminal part of forelimb in vertebrates, sense 14 physical assistance. None of these fit the context of hands shaking physically.

Thus, the correct sense is index 1.

Output must be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shaking
Context:
I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still <t>shaking</t>. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "shaking" in the context. The target word is "shake" with surface form "shaking". We need to choose the best indexed sense from the given list.

Context: "My back is still in knots and my hands are still <t>shaking</t>. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking."

The target appears twice: "my hands are still shaking" and "my body shaking". The sense should be the same. The context describes physical trembling due to stress or fear (after an earthquake and aftershocks). The person's hands are shaking, likely from nervousness or the physical effects of the quake.

Let's review candidate senses:

1. shake%2:38:00:: | move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms: agitate | examples: The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. shake%2:29:00:: | move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms: didder | examples: his hands shook
3. shake%2:38:01:: | shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms: judder | examples: The old engine was juddering
4. shake%2:38:02:: | move back and forth or sideways | synonyms: rock, sway | examples: the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. shake%2:30:00:: | undermine or cause to waver | examples: my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. shake%2:37:00:: | stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms: stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples: These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. shake%2:38:04:: | get rid of | synonyms: shake off, throw off, escape from | examples: I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. shake%2:30:01:: | bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples: He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. shake%2:32:00:: | shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples: shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

The context: "my hands are still shaking" suggests involuntary trembling, likely from fear or physical aftereffects. Sense 1 has example "My hands were shaking" and definition "move or cause to move back and forth". Sense 2 has "move with or as if with a tremor" and "his hands shook". Both seem plausible. Sense 2 explicitly mentions "tremor", which is often associated with involuntary shaking from cold, fear, etc. Sense 1 is more general. The context also mentions "aftershocks" and body shaking, which is involuntary. Sense 3 "judder" is more mechanical. Sense 4 is about swaying. Senses 5-9 are clearly wrong.

Let's compare sense 1 and 2. Sense 2 defines "move with or as if with a tremor", synonyms "didder" (which is a rare word meaning to tremble). The example "his hands shook" is exactly the same construction. Sense 1 has "My hands were shaking" as an example, and definition "move or cause to move back and forth". Both can apply. But in WordNet, sometimes the specific involuntary trembling sense is sense 2. Checking typical WSD: For bodily shaking due to emotion, sense 2 is often chosen. The context: "My back is still in knots" (tension) "my hands are still shaking" (trembling). That sounds like a tremor from stress or fear. The second instance "my body shaking" also fits. So I'd lean toward sense 2.

However, note that sense 1's example explicitly says "My hands were shaking" which is almost identical to the target sentence "my hands are still shaking". But the definition says "move or cause to move back and forth", which could describe both voluntary and involuntary. Sense 2's definition includes "or as if with a tremor", which captures the involuntary nature. Also, sense 2's example "his hands shook" is similar. Since the context is about aftershocks and body shaking involuntarily, sense 2 might be more precise. But we must choose the single best.

Let's check WordNet hierarchy: For shake%2:38:00, the synset might include both transitive/intransitive, while shake%2:29:00 is likely the intransitive trembling sense. The context uses intransitive "shaking". Sense 2 is specifically "move with or as if with a tremor", which is exactly what's happening: hands trembling. Sense 1 is broader. In WSD, we often choose the more specific sense if it fits. Here, the trembling fits perfectly. So I'll go with sense 2.

Thus, the index is 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think
Target surface form: think
Context:
I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I <t>think</t> a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think%2:31:01:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=believe, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
2. sense_key=think%2:31:03:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
3. sense_key=think%2:31:00:: | definition=use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments | synonyms=cogitate, cerebrate | examples=I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere
4. sense_key=think%2:31:02:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=remember, retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
5. sense_key=think%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine or visualize | examples=Just think--you could be rich one day!; Think what a scene it must have been!
6. sense_key=think%2:31:09:: | definition=focus one's attention on a certain state | examples=Think big; think thin
7. sense_key=think%2:31:06:: | definition=have in mind as a purpose | synonyms=intend, mean | examples=I mean no harm; I only meant to help you
8. sense_key=think%2:31:12:: | definition=decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting | examples=Can you think what to do next?
9. sense_key=think%2:31:13:: | definition=ponder; reflect on, or reason about | examples=Think the matter through; Think how hard life in Russia must be these days
10. sense_key=think%2:31:15:: | definition=dispose the mind in a certain way | examples=Do you really think so?
11. sense_key=think%2:31:14:: | definition=have or formulate in the mind | examples=think good thoughts
12. sense_key=think%2:31:08:: | definition=be capable of conscious thought | examples=Man is the only creature that thinks
13. sense_key=think%2:30:00:: | definition=bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation | examples=She thought herself into a state of panic over the final exam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "think" and the target surface form "think" in the context: "I <t>think</t> a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking." So the speaker is expressing a tentative belief or supposition about the aftershocks possibly being just body shaking. The word "might" indicates uncertainty. The candidate senses:

1. judge or regard; look upon; judge. Example: "I think he is very smart" – that's more about evaluating someone's character or quality. Here it's not judging, it's speculating.

2. expect, believe, or suppose. Synonyms: opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess. Example: "I imagine she earned a lot of money..." This fits perfectly: "I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking" = I suppose/guess that some aftershocks are just my body shaking. It's expressing a belief or supposition about a possibility.

3. use or exercise the mind; cogitate. That's about the process of thinking, not stating a belief. Here it's "I think" as in "I have the opinion that", not "I am engaged in thought".

4. recall; remember. Not appropriate.

5. imagine or visualize. "Just think--you could be rich!" That's more about entertaining a hypothetical scenario, often used imperatively. Not quite the same as "I think" expressing a tentative opinion.

6. focus one's attention on a certain state: "Think big" – not relevant.

7. have in mind as a purpose: "I mean no harm" – not relevant.

8. decide by pondering: "Can you think what to do next?" – not relevant.

9. ponder; reflect on: "Think the matter through" – that's an imperative or process, not "I think" as in "I believe".

10. dispose the mind in a certain way: "Do you really think so?" – that's similar to sense 2, but sense 10 is defined as "dispose the mind in a certain way" which is vague. The example "Do you really think so?" is actually a synonym of "believe" (sense 2). So there's overlap. But sense 2 is explicitly "expect, believe, or suppose" and has synonyms like opine, suppose, guess. That seems more precise. Sense 10 is more about having an opinion, but sense 2 fits better with the "might" tentative nature.

11. have or formulate in the mind: "think good thoughts" – not "I think that...".

12. be capable of conscious thought – not.

13. bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation – not.

So the best is sense 2.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: body
Target surface form: body
Context:
I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my <t>body</t> shaking. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=body%1:08:00:: | definition=the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being) | synonyms=organic structure, physical structure | examples=he felt as if his whole body were on fire
2. sense_key=body%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity | examples=the whole body filed out of the auditorium; the student body
3. sense_key=body%1:08:02:: | definition=a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person | synonyms=dead body | examples=they found the body in the lake
4. sense_key=body%1:17:00:: | definition=an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects | examples=heavenly body
5. sense_key=body%1:08:01:: | definition=the body excluding the head and neck and limbs | synonyms=torso, trunk | examples=they moved their arms and legs and bodies
6. sense_key=body%1:14:02:: | definition=a collection of particulars considered as a system | examples=a body of law; a body of doctrine
7. sense_key=body%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of holding together and retaining its shape | synonyms=consistency, consistence, eubstance | examples=wool has more body than rayon; when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake
8. sense_key=body%1:10:00:: | definition=the central message of a communication | examples=the body of the message was short
9. sense_key=body%1:07:01:: | definition=the main mass of a thing
10. sense_key=body%1:06:01:: | definition=a resonating chamber in a musical instrument (as the body of a violin) | synonyms=soundbox
11. sense_key=body%1:06:00:: | definition=the external structure of a vehicle | examples=the body of the car was badly rusted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

native_finish_reason: error

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: body
Target surface form: body
Context:
I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my <t>body</t> shaking. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=body%1:08:00:: | definition=the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being) | synonyms=organic structure, physical structure | examples=he felt as if his whole body were on fire
2. sense_key=body%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity | examples=the whole body filed out of the auditorium; the student body
3. sense_key=body%1:08:02:: | definition=a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person | synonyms=dead body | examples=they found the body in the lake
4. sense_key=body%1:17:00:: | definition=an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects | examples=heavenly body
5. sense_key=body%1:08:01:: | definition=the body excluding the head and neck and limbs | synonyms=torso, trunk | examples=they moved their arms and legs and bodies
6. sense_key=body%1:14:02:: | definition=a collection of particulars considered as a system | examples=a body of law; a body of doctrine
7. sense_key=body%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of holding together and retaining its shape | synonyms=consistency, consistence, eubstance | examples=wool has more body than rayon; when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake
8. sense_key=body%1:10:00:: | definition=the central message of a communication | examples=the body of the message was short
9. sense_key=body%1:07:01:: | definition=the main mass of a thing
10. sense_key=body%1:06:01:: | definition=a resonating chamber in a musical instrument (as the body of a violin) | synonyms=soundbox
11. sense_key=body%1:06:00:: | definition=the external structure of a vehicle | examples=the body of the car was badly rusted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 11. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the context: "I decided to brave the storm... I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my <t>body</t> shaking." The target lemma is "body". The surface form is "body". We need to choose the best sense among 11 candidates.

The context: The narrator is describing their physical reaction to an earthquake: back in knots, hands shaking, and they think some of the aftershocks might just be their body shaking. So "body" here refers to their own physical organism, the entire physical structure of a human being. Let's check the senses:

1. sense_key=body%1:08:00:: | definition=the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being) | synonyms=organic structure, physical structure | examples=he felt as if his whole body were on fire. This fits perfectly: "my body shaking" means my entire physical structure shaking.

2. a group of persons: not applicable.

3. a dead body: not applicable, the narrator is alive.

4. an individual 3-dimensional object: too generic, not specific to organism.

5. torso, trunk: not applicable, they mean whole body.

6. collection of particulars: not applicable.

7. property of holding together: not applicable.

8. central message: not applicable.

9. main mass of a thing: could be possible, but sense 1 is more precise.

10. resonating chamber: not applicable.

11. external structure of a vehicle: not applicable.

Thus, the best sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shaking
Context:
I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body <t>shaking</t>. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "shaking" in the context: "My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking."

We need to select from candidate senses 1-9. The target word is "shake" as a verb. The surface form is "shaking" which is the present participle.

Let's examine the context: The author describes feeling aftershocks, back in knots, hands shaking. They wonder if some aftershocks might just be their body shaking. So the shaking refers to involuntary trembling or shivering, likely due to fear, stress, or cold. It's a physical tremor.

Now, review each sense:

1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: gloss: move or cause to move back and forth; synonyms: agitate; examples: "The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking" — This is a general sense of moving back and forth, can apply to hands shaking. The example explicitly says "My hands were shaking" which matches our context exactly. However, note that this sense is broad and could encompass many kinds of shaking. It might be too general.

2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: gloss: move with or as if with a tremor; synonyms: didder; examples: "his hands shook" — This specifically mentions tremor, which is involuntary quivering. The example "his hands shook" is identical in meaning. This seems very precise for the context, where hands are shaking likely due to nerves or aftershock sensations.

3. shake%2:38:01:: gloss: shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively; synonyms: judder; examples: "The old engine was juddering" — This suggests rapid, intense vibration, often mechanical. Not a perfect fit for a body shaking from stress.

4. shake%2:38:02:: move back and forth or sideways; synonyms: rock, sway; examples: ship rocking, building swayed — This is for larger objects swaying, not a body trembling.

5. shake%2:30:00:: undermine or cause to waver; examples: faith shaken, hopes shaken — Figurative sense, not physical.

6. shake%2:37:00:: stir the feelings, emotions; synonyms: stimulate, shake up, excite, stir — Emotional shaking, not physical.

7. shake%2:38:04:: get rid of; synonyms: shake off, throw off — Not applicable.

8. shake%2:30:01:: bring to a specified condition by shaking; example: shaken from dreams — Not applicable.

9. shake%2:32:00:: shake a body part to communicate; example: shake one's head, shake finger — This is a deliberate gesture, not involuntary.

The context clearly indicates involuntary trembling, likely a physical reaction. Sense 2 directly says "move with or as if with a tremor" and gives "his hands shook" as an example. Sense 1 also includes "My hands were shaking" but its definition is more general "move back and forth". In WordNet, sense 2 is more specific to trembling, which fits perfectly. Sense 1 could also apply, but sense 2 is more precise. Typically in WordNet, finer-grained senses are preferred when they match the specific context. The note says "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." So among the senses that have examples exactly matching "hands shaking", sense 1 and sense 2 both have that, but sense 2's definition includes "tremor" which captures the involuntary nature. Also, sense 1's synonym "agitate" might imply a more active shaking. I think sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's confirm: Sense 2 sense key: shake%2:29:00. Its definition: "move with or as if with a tremor" — exactly describes the body shaking. The example "his hands shook" mirrors the text. So I'll choose sense 2.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could <t>see</t> the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "see", target surface form "see", in the given context: "I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening."

We need to choose the best sense from the provided list. The target sentence is: "I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay." This is a literal visual perception: the speaker is seeing flames (probably from a fire) with their eyes from a distance. The context mentions aftershocks, so likely an earthquake event, and now seeing flames across the bay. So "see" here clearly means to perceive visually. The appropriate sense is sense 1: "perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight". The examples given: "You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?" This matches exactly. So we select sense index 1.

Thus, the JSON response should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: house
Target surface form: house
Context:
I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my <t>house</t> across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=house%1:06:00:: | definition=a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families | examples=he has a house on Cape Cod; she felt she had to get out of the house
2. sense_key=house%1:14:01:: | definition=the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments | synonyms=firm, business firm | examples=he worked for a brokerage house
3. sense_key=house%1:14:04:: | definition=the members of a religious community living together
4. sense_key=house%1:14:03:: | definition=the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema | examples=the house applauded; he counted the house
5. sense_key=house%1:14:02:: | definition=an official assembly having legislative powers | examples=a bicameral legislature has two houses
6. sense_key=house%1:14:00:: | definition=aristocratic family line | examples=the House of York
7. sense_key=house%1:04:00:: | definition=play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults | examples=the children were playing house
8. sense_key=house%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, sign, mansion, planetary house
9. sense_key=house%1:14:06:: | definition=the management of a gambling house or casino | examples=the house gets a percentage of every bet
10. sense_key=house%1:14:05:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
11. sense_key=house%1:06:02:: | definition=a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented | synonyms=theater, theatre | examples=the house was full
12. sense_key=house%1:06:01:: | definition=a building in which something is sheltered or located | examples=they had a large carriage house

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "house" in the context: "I could see the flames from San Francisco from my <t>house</t> across the bay." The speaker is saying they could see the flames (from a fire, likely referring to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake/fire or similar) from their house across the bay. So "house" here clearly means a physical dwelling, a building where they live. Among the candidate senses, sense 1 is "a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families" with examples "he has a house on Cape Cod; she felt she had to get out of the house". That fits perfectly: it's a physical building that is someone's home. The other senses don't fit: sense 2 is business firm, sense 3 religious community, sense 4 audience, sense 5 legislative assembly, sense 6 aristocratic family line, sense 7 children's game, sense 8 astrology, sense 9 management of gambling house, sense 10 social unit (family/household), sense 11 theater, sense 12 building in which something is sheltered. The context "from my house" emphasizes location ("across the bay"), so it's the physical dwelling. Sense 10 "family, household" is a social unit, not a physical building, and the example "he moved his family to Virginia" shows it's about people. Here, the speaker is saying "from my house", meaning from their place of residence. So sense 1 is the best. Sense 12 might be a building that shelters something, but "carriage house" is specific. The dwelling sense is the most natural reading for a personal house. So I'll choose sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bay
Target surface form: bay
Context:
I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the <t>bay</t>. It's hard to believe this really is happening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bay%1:17:00:: | definition=an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf | synonyms=embayment
2. sense_key=bay%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a hound on the scent
3. sense_key=bay%1:20:00:: | definition=small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors | synonyms=true laurel, bay laurel, bay tree, Laurus nobilis
4. sense_key=bay%1:06:02:: | definition=a compartment on a ship between decks; often used as a hospital | examples=they put him in the sick bay
5. sense_key=bay%1:06:01:: | definition=a compartment in an aircraft used for some specific purpose | examples=he opened the bomb bay
6. sense_key=bay%1:06:00:: | definition=a small recess opening off a larger room | synonyms=alcove
7. sense_key=bay%1:05:00:: | definition=a horse of a moderate reddish-brown color

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context: "I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening."

Target lemma: bay, surface form: bay. We need to choose the best sense among 7 options. The sentence fragment: "I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay." This suggests a geographical feature, a body of water. San Francisco is known for the San Francisco Bay. So "bay" here refers to a body of water, an indentation of shoreline. Sense 1: "an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf" with synonyms embayment. That fits perfectly. Other senses: sense 2 is sound of a hound; sense 3 is a tree; sense 4 is a compartment on a ship; sense 5 is compartment in aircraft; sense 6 is a small recess; sense 7 is a horse color. None of these fit the context of seeing flames from San Francisco across the bay. So the correct sense index is 1.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hard
Target surface form: hard
Context:
My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's <t>hard</t> to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hard%3:00:06:: | definition=not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure | synonyms=difficult | examples=a difficult task; nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access
2. sense_key=hard%3:00:02:: | definition=dispassionate | examples=took a hard look; a hard bargainer
3. sense_key=hard%3:00:01:: | definition=resisting weight or pressure
4. sense_key=hard%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=knockout, severe | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
5. sense_key=hard%5:00:01:effortful:00 | definition=characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort | synonyms=arduous, backbreaking, grueling, gruelling, heavy, laborious | examples=worked their arduous way up the mining valley; a grueling campaign
6. sense_key=hard%3:00:00:: | definition=produced without vibration of the vocal cords | synonyms=unvoiced, voiceless, surd | examples=unvoiced consonants such as `p' and `k' and `s'
7. sense_key=hard%3:00:05:: | definition=(of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source | synonyms=concentrated
8. sense_key=hard%3:00:03:: | definition=(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum | examples=Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants
9. sense_key=hard%5:00:00:indulgent:00 | definition=given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors | synonyms=intemperate, heavy | examples=a hard drinker
10. sense_key=hard%5:00:00:alcoholic:00 | definition=being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content | synonyms=strong | examples=hard liquor
11. sense_key=hard%5:00:00:bad:00 | definition=unfortunate or hard to bear | synonyms=tough | examples=had hard luck; a tough break
12. sense_key=hard%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=dried out | examples=hard dry rolls left over from the day before

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "hard" with context. The context is a quote from someone saying: "I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's <t>hard</t> to believe this really is happening." This is from an earthquake situation. The phrase "hard to believe" means "difficult to believe". So we need the sense that matches "difficult". Looking at the candidates:

Sense 1: definition=not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure. Synonyms=difficult. Example: a difficult task. This fits perfectly: "hard to believe" means it's difficult to believe, requiring mental effort to accept that it's happening.

Check other senses:
Sense 2: dispassionate (e.g., took a hard look) - not fitting.
Sense 3: resisting weight or pressure (physical hardness) - no.
Sense 4: very strong or vigorous (e.g., a hard left) - no.
Sense 5: characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion (arduous, grueling) - too intense; "hard to believe" is not that extreme.
Sense 6: voiceless consonants - no.
Sense 7: of light - no.
Sense 8: speech sounds - no.
Sense 9: indulgent, hard drinker - no.
Sense 10: distilled, hard liquor - no.
Sense 11: unfortunate or hard to bear (hard luck) - possibly? "It's hard to believe" might mean it's tough to bear the belief? But more directly, it means "difficult". Sense 11 is "unfortunate or hard to bear", example: had hard luck. That sense is about something being tough on you, but "hard to believe" is about the difficulty of believing, not an unfortunate situation. Sense 1 explicitly includes "comprehend", which is belief. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: believe
Target surface form: believe
Context:
My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to <t>believe</t> this really is happening. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:00:: | definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War
2. sense_key=believe%2:31:04:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=think, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
3. sense_key=believe%2:31:03:: | definition=be confident about something | synonyms=trust | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. sense_key=believe%2:31:01:: | definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. sense_key=believe%2:31:02:: | definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man; Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "believe" and a target surface form "believe" in a specific context. We need to choose the best indexed sense among 5 options. Context: "It's hard to believe this really is happening." The context is someone commenting on seeing flames from San Francisco from their house across the bay, likely referring to a major fire? Possibly the 1989 earthquake? But context: "1:11 a.m." etc. The phrase: "It's hard to believe this really is happening." Here, "believe" means to accept that something is true or real. It's about accepting the reality of the event. Looking at the senses:

1. accept as true; take to be true. Examples: "I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War" - this fits: it's hard to accept as true that this is happening. So sense 1 seems plausible.

2. judge or regard; look upon; judge. Synonyms: think, consider, conceive. Examples: "I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart" - Here "believe" is used with a complement like "to be". But in the sentence "It's hard to believe this really is happening", it's not "believe + object + to be", it's "believe + clause (that this really is happening)". Sense 2 typically takes an object and a complement, e.g., "I believe him to be smart." In our sentence, it is "believe (that) this really is happening", which is more like acceptance of truth rather than a judgment of a characteristic. So sense 1 is better.

3. be confident about something; trust. Examples: "I believe that he will come back from the war" - this is about future confidence. But the context "this really is happening" is present, not future confidence. So sense 3 is less likely.

4. follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer. Examples: "When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too" - religious faith sense, not applicable here.

5. credit with veracity. Examples: "You cannot believe this man; Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?" - meaning to trust the truthfulness of someone or something. Here, it is not about believing a person or publication, but believing an event is happening. So sense 5 is not a fit.

Thus, sense 1 is the best. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: happen
Target surface form: happening
Context:
My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is <t>happening</t>. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=happen%2:30:00:: | definition=come to pass | synonyms=hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out | examples=What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence
2. sense_key=happen%2:30:02:: | definition=happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ;  (Santayana) | synonyms=befall, bechance | examples=It happens that today is my birthday; These things befell
3. sense_key=happen%2:41:00:: | definition=chance to be or do something, without intention or causation | examples=I happen to have just what you need!
4. sense_key=happen%2:30:01:: | definition=come into being; become reality | synonyms=materialize, materialise | examples=Her dream really materialized
5. sense_key=happen%2:40:12:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=find, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: happen, surface form: happening.

Context: "My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m. GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is <t>happening</t>. 1:11 a.m."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate senses provided.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=happen%2:30:00:: | definition=come to pass | synonyms=hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out | examples=What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence
2. sense_key=happen%2:30:02:: | definition=happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ;  (Santayana) | synonyms=befall, bechance | examples=It happens that today is my birthday; These things befell
3. sense_key=happen%2:41:00:: | definition=chance to be or do something, without intention or causation | examples=I happen to have just what you need!
4. sense_key=happen%2:30:01:: | definition=come into being; become reality | synonyms=materialize, materialise | examples=Her dream really materialized
5. sense_key=happen%2:40:12:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=find, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here

Context: "It's hard to believe this really is happening." The speaker is referring to an event (probably an earthquake and fire, as indicated by "aftershocks" and "flames from San Francisco"). So "happening" here means that the event is taking place, occurring. Sense 1: "come to pass" fits perfectly. Synonyms: occur, etc. Example: "What is happening?" That matches the usage. Sense 2 is also similar but emphasizes chance or "in the course of events" with examples like "It happens that today is my birthday" (a fact). The context is about an event unfolding, not a chance occurrence. Sense 3 is about doing something by chance, like "I happen to have..." Not applicable. Sense 4: "come into being; become reality" like a dream materializing. That could be plausible but the context is more about an event occurring, not something becoming reality from a dream. Sense 5: encountering something. Not applicable.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: building
Target surface form: Building
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: <t>Building</t> on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=building%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place | synonyms=edifice | examples=there was a three-story building on the corner; it was an imposing edifice
2. sense_key=building%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of constructing something | synonyms=construction | examples=during the construction we had to take a detour; his hobby was the building of boats
3. sense_key=building%1:04:01:: | definition=the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones | synonyms=construction | examples=their main business is home construction; workers in the building trades
4. sense_key=building%1:14:00:: | definition=the occupants of a building | examples=the entire building complained about the noise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context where "Building" appears in: "RD: <t>Building</t> on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room." The word is capitalized, but that's likely because it's the start of a sentence. We need to disambiguate "building" in that sentence.

Analyze the sentence: "Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room." It's clearly referring to a physical structure that is damaged. So it's a building, an edifice. The context: A fire? The previous message mentions seeing flames from San Francisco. So likely a fire caused damage to a building. The building on the corner is severely damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=building%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place | synonyms=edifice | examples="there was a three-story building on the corner; it was an imposing edifice" — The example even includes "on the corner", which matches the context perfectly. This is the sense of a physical building.
2. the act of constructing something (e.g., building of boats) — not applicable.
3. commercial activity involving construction — not applicable.
4. the occupants of a building — "the entire building complained" — here it's clearly about the structure itself, not the occupants. There's no indication that the occupants complained; it says the building is damaged, and then people are relocated.

Thus, sense 1 is the best fit.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: corner
Target surface form: corner
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the <t>corner</t> severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=corner%1:15:02:: | definition=a place off to the side of an area | examples=he tripled to the rightfield corner; the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean
2. sense_key=corner%1:15:00:: | definition=the point where two lines meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a rectangle
3. sense_key=corner%1:06:02:: | definition=an interior angle formed by two meeting walls | synonyms=nook | examples=a piano was in one corner of the room
4. sense_key=corner%1:06:00:: | definition=the intersection of two streets | synonyms=street corner, turning point | examples=standing on the corner watching all the girls go by
5. sense_key=corner%1:15:01:: | definition=the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a cube
6. sense_key=corner%1:25:00:: | definition=a small concavity | synonyms=recess, recession, niche
7. sense_key=corner%1:26:00:: | definition=a temporary monopoly on a kind of commercial trade | examples=a corner on the silver market
8. sense_key=corner%1:26:01:: | definition=a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible | synonyms=box | examples=his lying got him into a tight corner
9. sense_key=corner%1:17:00:: | definition=a projecting part where two sides or edges meet | examples=he knocked off the corners
10. sense_key=corner%1:15:03:: | definition=a remote area | examples=in many corners of the world they still practice slavery
11. sense_key=corner%1:06:01:: | definition=(architecture) solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone | synonyms=quoin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: corner
Target surface form: corner
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the <t>corner</t> severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=corner%1:15:02:: | definition=a place off to the side of an area | examples=he tripled to the rightfield corner; the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean
2. sense_key=corner%1:15:00:: | definition=the point where two lines meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a rectangle
3. sense_key=corner%1:06:02:: | definition=an interior angle formed by two meeting walls | synonyms=nook | examples=a piano was in one corner of the room
4. sense_key=corner%1:06:00:: | definition=the intersection of two streets | synonyms=street corner, turning point | examples=standing on the corner watching all the girls go by
5. sense_key=corner%1:15:01:: | definition=the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a cube
6. sense_key=corner%1:25:00:: | definition=a small concavity | synonyms=recess, recession, niche
7. sense_key=corner%1:26:00:: | definition=a temporary monopoly on a kind of commercial trade | examples=a corner on the silver market
8. sense_key=corner%1:26:01:: | definition=a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible | synonyms=box | examples=his lying got him into a tight corner
9. sense_key=corner%1:17:00:: | definition=a projecting part where two sides or edges meet | examples=he knocked off the corners
10. sense_key=corner%1:15:03:: | definition=a remote area | examples=in many corners of the world they still practice slavery
11. sense_key=corner%1:06:01:: | definition=(architecture) solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone | synonyms=quoin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 11. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We are asked: "Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room." The target word is "corner". Context: a building on the corner. The building is on a corner. Which sense? Likely sense 4: the intersection of two streets, or sense 11: (architecture) solid exterior angle of a building. But "building on the corner" typically refers to a building situated at a street corner. Sense 4: "the intersection of two streets" with example "standing on the corner watching all the girls go by". That matches urban context. Sense 11: "solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone" is more architectural and not typical in the phrase "building on the corner" which implies location. Thus, sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely <t>damaged</t>, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%2:30:00:: | definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof; She damaged the car when she hit the tree
2. sense_key=damage%2:30:01:: | definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the context: "Building on the corner severely <t>damaged</t>, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room." The target word is "damaged" (surface form). The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=damage%2:30:00:: | definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof; She damaged the car when she hit the tree
2. sense_key=damage%2:30:01:: | definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

We need to pick the best sense. The context says "Building on the corner severely damaged". This implies the building has suffered damage. The first sense is "inflict damage upon", which is transitive: someone or something inflicts damage on something else. The second sense is intransitive: to suffer or be susceptible to damage. In the phrase "Building on the corner severely damaged", "damaged" is likely a past participle used adjectivally, meaning the building has been damaged. The building is the thing that has suffered damage. So it fits the second sense: suffer damage. But note: the example for the second sense is "These fine china cups damage easily", which is an intransitive use meaning they are susceptible to damage. In our context, "severely damaged" describes the state of the building after damage has been inflicted. It could be interpreted as the building having been damaged by something (inflicted), but the phrase itself doesn't specify an agent. The first sense requires an agent to inflict damage. Since there's no explicit agent, and the building is simply described as damaged, the second sense (to suffer damage) seems more appropriate. However, in English, "damaged" as an adjective is often derived from the transitive verb "damage", but the sense "suffer damage" is specifically about being susceptible or actually suffering damage. The gloss for sense 2: "suffer or be susceptible to damage". In the example "These fine china cups damage easily", it's about susceptibility. But here it's a completed state: severely damaged. The building has suffered damage. So sense 2 fits better because it's the building that suffers damage, not that someone inflicted damage upon it (though that is implied, but the focus is on the state). I'll choose sense 2.

Thus, the answer is sense index 2. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: old
Target surface form: old
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an <t>old</t> lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=old%3:00:02:: | definition=(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age | examples=his mother is very old; a ripe old age
2. sense_key=old%3:00:01:: | definition=of long duration; not new | examples=old tradition; old house
3. sense_key=old%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=(used for emphasis) very familiar | examples=good old boy; same old story
4. sense_key=old%5:00:00:experienced:00 | definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=older | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
5. sense_key=old%5:00:03:past:00 | definition=belonging to some prior time | synonyms=erstwhile, former, onetime, quondam, sometime | examples=erstwhile friend; our former glory
6. sense_key=old%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=(used informally especially for emphasis) | synonyms=honest-to-god, honest-to-goodness, sure-enough | examples=a real honest-to-god live cowboy; had us a high old time
7. sense_key=old%5:00:00:early:01 | definition=of a very early stage in development | examples=Old English is also called Anglo Saxon; Old High German is High German from the middle of the 9th to the end of the 11th century
8. sense_key=old%5:00:00:preceding:00 | definition=just preceding something else in time or order | synonyms=previous | examples=the previous owner; my old house was larger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "old" in the given context. The context is a conversation where someone says: "RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an <t>old</t> lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere." The word "old" is tagged as <t>old</t>. Looking at the candidate senses, we need to pick the best one for this specific usage.

The phrase is "an old lady and her very old mother". Both instances of "old" describe people. The first "old lady" and the second "very old mother". Clearly, this is about age. Sense 1: definition: (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age. Examples: "his mother is very old; a ripe old age". That directly matches. Sense 2 is about duration, not new, like "old tradition; old house". Not about persons. Sense 3: very familiar, like "good old boy", not applicable. Sense 4: experienced, "old offender", not typical for describing age of a lady and mother. Sense 5: belonging to prior time, former, like "erstwhile friend", not applicable. Sense 6: genuine, informal emphasis, "honest-to-god", not about age. Sense 7: early stage in development, like Old English, not about people. Sense 8: just preceding in time, "previous owner", not about age. So clearly sense 1 is the best.

Return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lady
Target surface form: lady
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old <t>lady</t> and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lady%1:18:02:: | definition=a polite name for any woman | examples=a nice lady at the library helped me
2. sense_key=lady%1:18:01:: | definition=a woman of refinement | synonyms=dame, madam, ma'am, gentlewoman | examples=a chauffeur opened the door of the limousine for the grand lady
3. sense_key=lady%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman of the peerage in Britain | synonyms=noblewoman, peeress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the word "lady" in the given context. The context is: "GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old <t>lady</t> and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere."

The target is "lady" inside the phrase "an old lady". The context describes an emergency situation (flames visible, building damaged) with an old lady and her very old mother taking refuge. The sense choices are:

1. a polite name for any woman (e.g., "a nice lady at the library helped me")
2. a woman of refinement (synonyms: dame, madam, ma'am, gentlewoman; example: chauffeur opened the door for the grand lady)
3. a woman of the peerage in Britain (noblewoman, peeress)

In the context, "an old lady" is a casual reference to a woman, likely not implying refinement or nobility. It's simply a polite or common term for a woman, especially an older one, similar to "a nice old lady" in everyday speech. There's no indication of high social status or nobility, just a person displaced by a disaster. So sense 1 is the best fit: a polite name for any woman. Sense 2 would imply refinement (a grand lady), which isn't indicated. Sense 3 is specific to British peerage, not relevant.

Thus, the single best indexed sense is sense 1.

JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: old
Target surface form: old
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very <t>old</t> mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=old%3:00:02:: | definition=(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age | examples=his mother is very old; a ripe old age
2. sense_key=old%3:00:01:: | definition=of long duration; not new | examples=old tradition; old house
3. sense_key=old%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=(used for emphasis) very familiar | examples=good old boy; same old story
4. sense_key=old%5:00:00:experienced:00 | definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=older | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
5. sense_key=old%5:00:03:past:00 | definition=belonging to some prior time | synonyms=erstwhile, former, onetime, quondam, sometime | examples=erstwhile friend; our former glory
6. sense_key=old%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=(used informally especially for emphasis) | synonyms=honest-to-god, honest-to-goodness, sure-enough | examples=a real honest-to-god live cowboy; had us a high old time
7. sense_key=old%5:00:00:early:01 | definition=of a very early stage in development | examples=Old English is also called Anglo Saxon; Old High German is High German from the middle of the 9th to the end of the 11th century
8. sense_key=old%5:00:00:preceding:00 | definition=just preceding something else in time or order | synonyms=previous | examples=the previous owner; my old house was larger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are performing Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "old" in the given context. The target surface form is "old", and we have candidate senses numbered 1-8. We need to choose the single best indexed sense based on the context.

Context: "RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere."

The target words: "old lady" and "very old mother". Both uses of "old" describe the age of persons. The first "old lady" refers to a woman who is elderly. The second "very old mother" emphasizes that the mother is extremely aged. Both uses are about having lived for a long time, i.e., sense 1: "(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age". The example given in sense 1: "his mother is very old; a ripe old age" directly matches "very old mother". Sense 2 is about objects being not new, but here it's persons. Sense 3 "very familiar" doesn't fit. Sense 4 "skilled through long experience" doesn't fit either. Sense 5 "belonging to some prior time" like former, not appropriate. Sense 6, informal emphasis, not relevant. Sense 7 "early stage in development" e.g., Old English, not relevant. Sense 8 "just preceding something else" like previous owner, not relevant. Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Return JSON object with sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mother
Target surface form: mother
Context:
GR8FLRED: I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old <t>mother</t> are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mother%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children
2. sense_key=mother%1:27:00:: | definition=a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
3. sense_key=mother%1:18:02:: | definition=a term of address for an elderly woman
4. sense_key=mother%1:18:01:: | definition=a term of address for a mother superior
5. sense_key=mother%1:09:00:: | definition=a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation | examples=necessity is the mother of invention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "mother" in the given context. The target is "mother" and the context is: "RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere."

We have five candidate senses. Let's analyze each:

1. sense_key=mother%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children
2. sense_key=mother%1:27:00:: | definition=a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
3. sense_key=mother%1:18:02:: | definition=a term of address for an elderly woman
4. sense_key=mother%1:18:01:: | definition=a term of address for a mother superior
5. sense_key=mother%1:09:00:: | definition=a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation | examples=necessity is the mother of invention

Now, context: "an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room." This clearly refers to a familial relationship. The phrase "very old mother" indicates the female parent of the old lady. Sense 1 defines "mother" as a woman who has given birth to a child, which fits perfectly. Sense 3 is a term of address for an elderly woman, but here it is not being used as a term of address; it's a description of a person as someone's mother. Sense 4 is specific to a mother superior (religious context) which is not indicated. Sense 2 is about a substance in fermentation, irrelevant. Sense 5 is metaphorical, not applicable.

Thus, the correct sense is 1.

JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: Books
Context:
I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. <t>Books</t> and software everywhere. This being typed in a standing position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "Books" in the context: "I could see the flames from San Francisco from my house across the bay. It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. <t>Books</t> and software everywhere. This being typed in a standing position."

The target is "Books" (plural) and it appears in a list: "Books and software everywhere." The context is a description of a room where an old lady and her mother are staying, and there are books and software everywhere. The situation is during a disaster (flames from San Francisco, possibly a fire). The person is typing this standing. It seems like a messy or cluttered room. "Books" here likely refers to physical bound volumes, given the mention "everywhere" and paired with "software" (which is likely computer software, physical or not, but books would be physical). Could also be accounting books? But "software" suggests computer-related items, so books probably means physical books. The sense "physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together" (sense 2) fits: volume, used as a doorstop example. Sense 1 is the content sense, but here it's likely the physical object, not the written work per se. In context, "Books and software everywhere" just describes the physical clutter. So I'll choose sense 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: typed
Context:
It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere. This being <t>typed</t> in a standing position. 1:20 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%2:32:00:: | definition=write by means of a keyboard with types | synonyms=typewrite | examples=type the acceptance letter, please
2. sense_key=type%2:31:00:: | definition=identify as belonging to a certain type | synonyms=typecast | examples=Such people can practically be typed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "typed" in the given context. The context is a narrative: "It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere. This being <t>typed</t> in a standing position. 1:20 a.m."

The target is "typed". Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%2:32:00:: | definition=write by means of a keyboard with types | synonyms=typewrite | examples=type the acceptance letter, please
2. sense_key=type%2:31:00:: | definition=identify as belonging to a certain type | synonyms=typecast | examples=Such people can practically be typed

We need to choose the best indexed sense. The context says: "This being typed in a standing position." That suggests someone is typing on a keyboard, writing text. The narrator is describing the situation, and they are typing this text. So "typed" here means "written by means of a keyboard". Therefore, sense 1 is correct. Sense 2 is about categorizing people, which doesn't fit.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: standing
Target surface form: standing
Context:
It's hard to believe this really is happening. 1:11 a.m. RD: Building on the corner severely damaged, so an old lady and her very old mother are in the guest room. Books and software everywhere. This being typed in a <t>standing</t> position. 1:20 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=standing%5:00:00:erect:00 | definition=having a supporting base | examples=a standing lamp
2. sense_key=standing%5:00:00:permanent:00 | definition=not created for a particular occasion | examples=a standing committee
3. sense_key=standing%3:00:02:: | definition=(of fluids) not moving or flowing | examples=mosquitoes breed in standing water
4. sense_key=standing%3:00:01:: | definition=executed in or initiated from a standing position | examples=race from a standing start; a standing jump
5. sense_key=standing%3:00:00:: | definition=(of persons) on the feet; having the torso in an erect position supported by straight legs | examples=standing room only
6. sense_key=standing%5:00:00:regular:02 | definition=permanent | examples=a standing army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "This being typed in a standing position." The context is about someone typing at a computer while standing. So the target word "standing" describes a position of the body, specifically on the feet. Looking at the senses:

1. standing%5:00:00:erect:00 - "having a supporting base" (a standing lamp) - This is about objects, not persons.

2. standing%5:00:00:permanent:00 - "not created for a particular occasion" (a standing committee) - This is about committees, not physical position.

3. standing%3:00:02:: - "(of fluids) not moving or flowing" (standing water) - Not applicable.

4. standing%3:00:01:: - "executed in or initiated from a standing position" (race from a standing start; a standing jump) - This refers to actions initiated from a standing position. The example mentions "race from a standing start; a standing jump." Could be relevant but it's about actions performed from a standing position, not describing the position itself.

5. standing%3:00:00:: - "(of persons) on the feet; having the torso in an erect position supported by straight legs" (standing room only) - This directly refers to persons being on their feet. "Standing position" here means the person is standing while typing. So sense 5 is the correct one.

6. standing%5:00:00:regular:02 - "permanent" (a standing army) - Not relevant.

Thus, sense_index is 5.