[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "same" and its context. The target word appears in this sentence: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

We need to choose among four candidate senses:

1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Context: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level." The phrase "the same peculiar pattern" means that the pattern at the state level is identical or very similar to the pattern at the federal level. It is not about identity of a specific instance (like "the same man"), but about the pattern being of the same kind. It is about comparability in kind or quality. Sense 2 fits: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree". The example "two girls of the same age" is about comparable in degree, and here "same peculiar pattern" means the pattern is similar in kind. Sense 1 is about exact identity of an individual or object. Sense 3 is about equal amount/value, not pattern. Sense 4 is about unchanged nature, but here the pattern is being compared across levels, not saying it hasn't changed over time. So sense 2 is best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government <t>level</t> as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "level" with context: "... Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse."

We need to disambiguate "level" in this context. Let's examine the candidate senses.

Candidate senses:
1. level%1:07:00:: | definition: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms: degree, grade | examples: a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. level%1:26:01:: | definition: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms: grade, tier | examples: lumber of the highest grade
3. level%1:26:00:: | definition: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms: degree, stage, point | examples: a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. level%1:07:01:: | height above ground | examples: the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. level%1:06:00:: | indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms: spirit level
6. level%1:06:03:: | a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms: horizontal surface | examples: park the car on the level
7. level%1:09:00:: | an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms: layer, stratum | examples: a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. level%1:06:01:: | a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms: floor, storey, story | examples: what level is the office on?

The context: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level." Here, "state government level" and "federal level" refer to different tiers or categories of government (state vs. federal). It's about a level of government, meaning a particular stratum or tier of organization. It is not about a physical height, nor a horizontal level, nor a floor. It is about an abstract place or layer in a hierarchy. The sense that fits is "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (sense 7: level%1:09:00:: layer, stratum). But also sense 2 might be "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (grade, tier). The example for sense 2 is "lumber of the highest grade", which is about quality grading. Sense 7 is about abstract layers, like "a good actor communicates on several levels". In government, we talk about the state level, federal level, as layers or strata. Sense 7 explicitly mentions "layer, stratum". The context uses "at the state government level" and "at the federal level", which are like different strata of government. Sense 2 is about grading (lumber grade), which doesn't fit as well. Sense 3 is about a stage in a process, like "at what stage are the social sciences?" That doesn't fit government levels. Sense 1 is about intensity/amount/quality, like "a high level of care" – that's not about government tiers. Sense 4 is physical height. So sense 7 seems the best.

But let's check more: The phrase "state government level" and "federal level" are clearly referring to different tiers of government. This is a common usage: "at the state level" meaning at the level of state government, as opposed to federal. It's an abstract layer in a hierarchy. So I'll choose sense 7.

Thus, output: {"sense_index": 7}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: NextBit

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "federal", surface form "federal", in the given context. We have four candidate senses. We need to pick the best one based on the context.

Context: The sentence containing the target: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level." The context before talks about federal government's tax burden, presidential and senatorial candidates, etc. The topic is US politics, comparing state government level and federal level.

Now examine the senses:

1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

The context says "at the federal level" in contrast to "state government level". This refers to the level of the central/national government as opposed to state government. Sense 1 says "national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units". Sense 2 says "of or relating to the central government of a federation". Both seem plausible. Sense 4 is about the system of government (a federal system), not about the level of government. The phrase "federal level" typically means the national/central government level. Sense 4 is more about the structure (federal vs. unitary). The context contrasts state government level with federal level, so it's about the level of government, not the form. Sense 3 is obviously wrong (Civil War).

Between sense 1 and sense 2, sense 1 explicitly says "as distinct from that of its member units", which directly matches the contrast with state level. Sense 2 is more general: "central government of a federation". Both are close. But sense 1 is labeled as an adjective "national" with the specific US context, and the example mentions "federal courts". Sense 2's definition is slightly broader: "of or relating to the central government of a federation". In the context, it's clearly the US federal government. Also, the phrase "federal level" is commonly used to refer to the national government level. I'd lean toward sense 1 because it specifically notes the distinction from member units and is tied to the US government. Sense 2 could also apply, but sense 1 is more precise: it says "especially in reference to the government of the United States". The context is about US politics (Democrats, Republicans, Senate, etc.). So I think sense 1 is best.

Thus, choose sense 1.

Now output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal <t>level</t>. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "level" in the given context. The target is: "at the state government level as it does at the federal <t>level</t>." The context discusses political patterns, comparing state government level and federal level. The phrase "state government level" and "federal level" refer to a tier or echelon of government, not a height, a tool, a floor, etc. Among the senses:

1. A position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (degree, grade). Example: "a high level of care" – that's about intensity, not a tier.
2. A relative position or degree of value in a graded group (grade, tier). Example: "lumber of the highest grade" – this is about ranking, tiers. In government, "state government level" and "federal level" are tiers or echelons.
3. A specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (degree, stage, point). Examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?" – that's about stages in a process, not tiers of government.
4. Height above ground – not relevant.
5. Spirit level – tool.
6. Flat surface – not relevant.
7. An abstract place usually conceived as having depth (layer, stratum) – "a good actor communicates on several levels" – this is metaphorical, like levels of meaning, not government tiers.
8. A structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale (floor, storey) – not relevant.

The best fit is sense 2: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group, synonyms grade, tier. Government levels (state, federal) are tiers in a hierarchy. Sense 2 explicitly says "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" with example "lumber of the highest grade". Here, "state government level" and "federal level" are like tiers. Sense 1 is more about intensity/amount, not a tier. Sense 3 is about stages, not hierarchies. So sense 2 is correct.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: line
Target surface form: lines
Context:
Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature <t>lines</t> than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=line%1:14:03:: | definition=a formation of people or things one beside another | examples=the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed; they were arrayed in line of battle
2. sense_key=line%1:10:01:: | definition=a mark that is long relative to its width | examples=He drew a line on the chart
3. sense_key=line%1:14:01:: | definition=a formation of people or things one behind another | examples=the line stretched clear around the corner; you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter
4. sense_key=line%1:25:00:: | definition=a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point
5. sense_key=line%1:10:02:: | definition=text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen | examples=the letter consisted of three short lines; there are six lines in every stanza
6. sense_key=line%1:19:00:: | definition=a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum
7. sense_key=line%1:15:02:: | definition=a fortified position (especially one marking the most forward position of troops) | examples=they attacked the enemy's line
8. sense_key=line%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, argument, line of reasoning | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning
9. sense_key=line%1:06:01:: | definition=a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power | synonyms=cable, transmission line
10. sense_key=line%1:14:02:: | definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | synonyms=course | examples=the government took a firm course; historians can only point out those lines for which evidence is available
11. sense_key=line%1:15:00:: | definition=a spatial location defined by a real or imaginary unidimensional extent
12. sense_key=line%1:25:01:: | definition=a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface | synonyms=wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam | examples=his face has many lines; ironing gets rid of most wrinkles
13. sense_key=line%1:06:06:: | definition=a pipe used to transport liquids or gases | synonyms=pipeline | examples=a pipeline runs from the wells to the seaport
14. sense_key=line%1:06:03:: | definition=the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed | synonyms=railway line, rail line
15. sense_key=line%1:06:07:: | definition=a telephone connection | synonyms=telephone line, phone line, telephone circuit, subscriber line
16. sense_key=line%1:04:01:: | definition=acting in conformity | examples=in line with; he got out of line
17. sense_key=line%1:14:00:: | definition=the descendants of one individual | synonyms=lineage, line of descent, descent, bloodline, blood, pedigree | examples=his entire lineage has been warriors
18. sense_key=line%1:06:00:: | definition=something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible | examples=a washing line
19. sense_key=line%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, job, line of work | examples=he's not in my line of business
20. sense_key=line%1:15:01:: | definition=in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area
21. sense_key=line%1:10:05:: | definition=(often plural) a means of communication or access | synonyms=channel, communication channel | examples=it must go through official channels; lines of communication were set up between the two firms
22. sense_key=line%1:06:08:: | definition=a particular kind of product or merchandise | synonyms=product line, line of products, line of merchandise, business line, line of business | examples=a nice line of shoes
23. sense_key=line%1:06:05:: | definition=a commercial organization serving as a common carrier
24. sense_key=line%1:23:00:: | definition=space for one line of print (one column wide and 1/14 inch deep) used to measure advertising | synonyms=agate line
25. sense_key=line%1:21:00:: | definition=the maximum credit that a customer is allowed | synonyms=credit line, line of credit, bank line, personal credit line, personal line of credit
26. sense_key=line%1:10:03:: | definition=a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence | synonyms=tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, melodic phrase | examples=she was humming an air from Beethoven
27. sense_key=line%1:10:06:: | definition=persuasive but insincere talk that is usually intended to deceive or impress | examples=`let me show you my etchings' is a rather worn line; he has a smooth line but I didn't fall for it
28. sense_key=line%1:10:04:: | definition=a short personal letter | synonyms=note, short letter, billet | examples=drop me a line when you get there
29. sense_key=line%1:09:00:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=dividing line, demarcation, contrast | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
30. sense_key=line%1:06:09:: | definition=mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it | synonyms=production line, assembly line

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "target lemma: line", "target surface form: lines". The context includes: "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature <t>lines</t> than the reverse." So the word "lines" is used in the phrase "split along ... lines". This is a common metaphorical usage. We need to choose the best sense from the candidate list.

Let's examine the context: "split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines" means that the state government is divided such that the governor is Republican and the legislature is Democratic. So "lines" here refers to a division or demarcation between different political categories. It's not about physical lines like marks or formations. It's about a conceptual separation.

Looking at the candidate senses:

- 29: sense_key=line%1:09:00:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=dividing line, demarcation, contrast | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity. This fits perfectly: a split along political lines means a division or distinction along party lines. The example "narrow line between sanity and insanity" illustrates a conceptual boundary.

- 21: sense_key=line%1:10:05:: | definition=(often plural) a means of communication or access | synonyms=channel, communication channel | examples=lines of communication were set up between the two firms. That doesn't fit here; it's about communication pathways.

- 8: sense_key=line%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation. No.

- 10: sense_key=line%1:14:02:: | definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | synonyms=course. No.

The phrase "split along ... lines" is a common idiom meaning "divided according to categories or distinctions". So the best match is sense 29.

Thus, the answer is sense index 29.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reverse
Target surface form: reverse
Context:
Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the <t>reverse</t>. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reverse%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of direct opposition | synonyms=contrary, opposite | examples=we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true
2. sense_key=reverse%1:06:00:: | definition=the gears by which the motion of a machine can be reversed | synonyms=reverse gear
3. sense_key=reverse%1:11:01:: | definition=an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating | synonyms=reversal, setback, blow, black eye
4. sense_key=reverse%1:06:02:: | definition=the side of a coin or medal that does not bear the principal design | synonyms=verso
5. sense_key=reverse%1:04:00:: | definition=(American football) a running play in which a back running in one direction hands the ball to a back running in the opposite direction
6. sense_key=reverse%1:04:01:: | definition=turning in the opposite direction | synonyms=reversion, reversal, turnabout, turnaround

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "reverse" and target surface form "reverse" in the context. The context is a sentence: "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the <t>reverse</t>." We need to pick the best sense from the candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context. The phrase is: "split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse." This means the opposite pattern: Democratic-governor / Republican-legislature lines. So "reverse" here means the opposite arrangement. The word is used as a noun. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=reverse%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of direct opposition | synonyms=contrary, opposite | examples=we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true. This fits perfectly: "than the reverse" means than the opposite situation. The example also matches: "just the reverse was true" meaning the opposite.

2. sense_key=reverse%1:06:00:: | definition=the gears by which the motion of a machine can be reversed | synonyms=reverse gear. This is about a mechanical gear, not applicable.

3. sense_key=reverse%1:11:01:: | definition=an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating | synonyms=reversal, setback, blow, black eye. This is about a misfortune, not applicable.

4. sense_key=reverse%1:06:02:: | definition=the side of a coin or medal that does not bear the principal design | synonyms=verso. Not applicable.

5. sense_key=reverse%1:04:00:: | definition=(American football) a running play... Not applicable.

6. sense_key=reverse%1:04:01:: | definition=turning in the opposite direction | synonyms=reversion, reversal, turnabout, turnaround. This could be close, but its definition is about turning in the opposite direction, which is more about an action of reversing direction. In the context, "the reverse" is a noun meaning the opposite pattern, not an action. Sense 1 is more directly about a relation of opposition, often used in "the reverse" to mean the contrary situation. The example in sense 1 explicitly uses "the reverse was true", which closely parallels "than the reverse" in our context. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, the answer is sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: investigation
Target surface form: investigation
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric <t>investigation</t>, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=investigation%1:09:00:: | definition=an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities | synonyms=probe | examples=there was a congressional probe into the scandal
2. sense_key=investigation%1:04:00:: | definition=the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically | synonyms=investigating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "An examination of changes ... A cross-state econometric <t>investigation</t>, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, ..."

The target word is "investigation" in the phrase "econometric investigation". This is an academic/scientific study, systematically examining something. The context: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that..." So it's a systematic inquiry using econometric methods.

Let's check the candidate senses:
- Sense 1: "an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities" with synonym "probe" and example "there was a congressional probe into the scandal". That sense connotes investigating wrongdoing or unfamiliar activities, like a probe. Not appropriate here: econometric investigation is not about questionable activities; it's a statistical analysis.
- Sense 2: "the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically" with synonym "investigating". That is a general, systematic study. This fits perfectly: an econometric investigation is a thorough, systematic inquiry into data to reveal relationships.

Thus, the correct sense index is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hold
Target surface form: holding
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, <t>holding</t> other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hold%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=hold%2:35:00:: | definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | synonyms=take hold | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please; A crazy idea took hold of him
3. sense_key=hold%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=throw, have, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
4. sense_key=hold%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have, have got | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
5. sense_key=hold%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | synonyms=deem, view as, take for | examples=take for granted; view as important
6. sense_key=hold%2:37:00:: | definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions
7. sense_key=hold%2:35:03:: | definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | synonyms=restrain, confine | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains; About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade
8. sense_key=hold%2:40:02:: | definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | synonyms=retain, keep back, hold back | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit; I reserve the right to disagree
9. sense_key=hold%2:40:04:: | definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | synonyms=bear | examples=She bears the title of Duchess; He held the governorship for almost a decade
10. sense_key=hold%2:35:01:: | definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | synonyms=support, sustain, hold up | examples=The beam holds up the roof; He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam
11. sense_key=hold%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=bear, carry, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
12. sense_key=hold%2:42:05:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, admit | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
13. sense_key=hold%2:42:01:: | definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held; They held on the road and kept marching
14. sense_key=hold%2:35:02:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=carry, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
15. sense_key=hold%2:42:02:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=prevail, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
16. sense_key=hold%2:31:08:: | definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
17. sense_key=hold%2:42:07:: | definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises; The book holds in store much valuable advise
18. sense_key=hold%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, take | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
19. sense_key=hold%2:41:00:: | definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | synonyms=reserve, book | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight; The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family
20. sense_key=hold%2:33:05:: | definition=protect against a challenge or attack | synonyms=defend, guard | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks
21. sense_key=hold%2:32:13:: | definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | synonyms=oblige, bind, obligate | examples=He's held by a contract; I'll hold you by your promise
22. sense_key=hold%2:31:04:: | definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience; This story held our interest
23. sense_key=hold%2:31:10:: | definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
24. sense_key=hold%2:42:08:: | definition=resist or confront with resistance | synonyms=defy, withstand, hold up | examples=The politician defied public opinion; The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear
25. sense_key=hold%2:42:04:: | definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | synonyms=apply, go for | examples=The same laws apply to you!; This theory holds for all irrational numbers
26. sense_key=hold%2:42:12:: | definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
27. sense_key=hold%2:41:15:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
28. sense_key=hold%2:41:13:: | definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi; Hold the horse
29. sense_key=hold%2:41:14:: | definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
30. sense_key=hold%2:38:05:: | definition=cause to stop | synonyms=halt, arrest | examples=Halt the engines; Arrest the progress
31. sense_key=hold%2:35:09:: | definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate; hold one's nose
32. sense_key=hold%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=carry | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
33. sense_key=hold%2:33:00:: | definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
34. sense_key=hold%2:32:11:: | definition=declare to be | synonyms=declare, adjudge | examples=She was declared incompetent; judge held that the defendant was innocent
35. sense_key=hold%2:32:15:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=agree, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
36. sense_key=hold%2:29:04:: | definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "hold" and the surface form "holding". The context is:

"An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, <t>holding</t> other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation."

We need to find the sense of "holding" in the phrase "holding other factors constant". This is a typical econometric phrase meaning "keeping other factors unchanged" or "controlling for other factors". The word "holding" here is a verb in the present participle, used as part of a clause: "Holding other factors constant..." It means to keep them in a certain state, to maintain them constant.

Looking at the candidate senses, sense 1 is: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place". That fits perfectly: "holding other factors constant" means keeping them constant. The example "keep clean" and "hold in place" show the usage. The phrase "hold constant" is a common collocation meaning to keep something constant.

Sense 13: "remain in a certain state, position, or condition" (examples: The weather held; They held on the road and kept marching) might be intransitive, but here "holding" is used with an object (other factors) and a complement (constant), so it's transitive: we are holding them constant, not themselves remaining constant. So sense 1 is better.

Other senses: 2 is about gripping; 3 is organizing; 4 is possessing; 5 is deeming; 6 is maintaining thoughts; 7 is restraining; etc. None fits the "holding constant" as well as sense 1.

Thus, sense_index = 1.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding <t>other</t> factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context with the target word "other" and four candidate senses. We need to choose the best indexed sense (1-4). The target appears in: "holding <t>other</t> factors constant". Let's examine each sense:

Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen" with examples: "today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works". This sense means 'additional' or 'different' from those already mentioned. In the context, "holding other factors constant" means keeping factors besides those already considered constant. That fits well: we are talking about some factors (like incumbency advantages) and then we say "holding other factors constant". So "other" here means additional or different factors not yet specified. This is a typical usage: "other factors" meaning factors besides the ones mentioned.

Sense 2: "recently past" as in "the other evening". Doesn't fit.

Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" synonyms early, former. Doesn't fit.

Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" as in "a strange, other dimension". Doesn't fit.

Thus, clearly sense 1 is correct.

We output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: factor
Target surface form: factors
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other <t>factors</t> constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "factors" in the given context. The target is "factors" appearing in: "Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors...". The context is about statistical analysis in political science, where they control for various variables to isolate an effect. "Factors" here clearly refers to variables or elements that can influence an outcome. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "anything that contributes causally to a result" – fits well: factors are things that influence outcomes.
2. sense 2: "an abstract part of something" (component, constituent, element, ingredient) – might fit but less precise; in statistics, "factor" often means a variable, but this sense is more about parts of a whole.
3. sense 3: divisor in mathematics – not relevant.
4. sense 4: agent/broker – no.
5. sense 5: numbers in multiplication – no.
6. sense 6: an independent variable in statistics – this is very specific and directly matches the context: "holding other factors constant" is a standard expression in statistical analysis, meaning controlling for other independent variables. Sense 1 is broader, but sense 6 is more technical and precise for this context.
7. sense 7: gene – no.

Given that the text is from an academic paper doing cross-state econometric investigation, "factors" are clearly statistical independent variables. Sense 6 is perfect. Sense 1 might also work, but sense 6 is more specific and more likely intended in this quantitative research context. The examples for sense 6 are not provided, but the definition "an independent variable in statistics" fits exactly. So I'll choose sense 6.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 6}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: constant
Target surface form: constant
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors <t>constant</t>, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=constant%5:00:00:invariable:00 | definition=unvarying in nature | synonyms=changeless, invariant, unvarying | examples=maintained a constant temperature; principles of unvarying validity
2. sense_key=constant%3:00:00:: | definition=steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection | examples=a man constant in adherence to his ideals; a constant lover
3. sense_key=constant%5:00:00:continuous:01 | definition=uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing | synonyms=ceaseless, incessant, never-ending, perpetual, unceasing, unremitting | examples=the ceaseless thunder of surf; in constant pain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "constant" and its surface form "constant" in the context. We need to choose the best indexed sense among the three provided, based on the sentence context. The context is: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors <t>constant</t>, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate." The phrase "holding other factors constant" is a common expression in economics and statistics meaning that other variables are kept unchanged to isolate the effect of the one being studied. That aligns with sense 1: "unvarying in nature", with synonyms "changeless, invariant, unvarying". The example "maintained a constant temperature" also fits this idea of keeping something fixed. Sense 2 is about steadfastness in purpose or affection, which doesn't fit here. Sense 3 is about continuous or incessant, like constant pain, which is about time continuity, not about keeping variables fixed. So sense 1 is the correct interpretation. The indexed senses are listed as: 1. sense_key=constant%5:00:00:invariable:00 ... 2. constant%3:00:00:: ... 3. constant%5:00:00:continuous:01 ... So we pick index 1.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the <t>difference</t> between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "difference" with surface form "difference" in a context. The context is a scholarly passage about political science, discussing differences in voting patterns, staffing decisions, etc. The target word appears in: "the <t>difference</t> between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate." So it's talking about a numerical difference between two percentages: the vote share for the gubernatorial candidate and the vote share for the lower house. This is a mathematical difference, a subtraction of two numbers. The WordNet sense 5 is: "the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend" with synonym "remainder". That fits perfectly. The difference here is a quantitative difference calculated by subtracting one percentage from another. The other senses don't fit: sense 1 is the quality of being unlike (general dissimilarity), sense 2 is a variation from a standard (deviation), sense 3 is a disagreement, sense 4 is a significant change. So sense 5 is the best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a <t>state</t>'s major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the word "state" in the given context. The target word appears in: "a state's major-party vote..." and earlier "states conducting a Senate election". The context is about U.S. political divisions. The word "state" is clearly referring to one of the constituent states of the United States. Let's review the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south. This matches "state" as in U.S. state.
2. sense 2: the way something is ... attributes (not relevant, no political meaning)
3. sense 3: the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax. This could be the government of a sovereign state, but the context mentions "state" as a place conducting a Senate election, and "state government", "state tax rate". While sense 3 refers to the government of a sovereign state, the word "state" here is being used to refer to the territorial entity, not just the government. The example "the state has lowered its income tax" is about a sovereign state as a whole, but in the U.S. context, "state" can either mean the territory (sense 1) or the government (sense 3). However, sense 1 explicitly is about administrative districts of a nation, which is precisely a U.S. state. Sense 3 is a sovereign state, like a country. The context talks about "states conducting a Senate election", which implies U.S. states, not sovereign nations. So sense 1 is more appropriate. Additionally, "state government level" refers to the government of a U.S. state. So sense 1 best fits. Also, the example for sense 1: "his state is in the deep south" clearly points to U.S. states. I'll select sense 1.

The output should be a JSON with "sense_index": 1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's <t>major</t> - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "major" with target surface form "major" and a context. The context includes the phrase "a state's <t>major</t> - party vote". So the target word is "major" modifying "party vote". The full phrase: "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house".

We need to choose the best sense from the list. The phrase "major-party vote" likely means the vote for the major parties (as opposed to minor parties). In political contexts, "major party" refers to one of the dominant political parties, like Democrats and Republicans in the US. So "major" here means "greater in importance, stature, or rank" or "greater in number or size"? It's about being a principal or leading party. Let's check the definitions:

1. of greater importance or stature or rank (a major artist, a major role)
2. greater in scope or effect (a major contribution, a major improvement)
3. greater in number or size or amount (a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major)
4. of the field of academic study (his major field)
5. of a scale or mode (major scales)
6. of greater seriousness or danger (a major earthquake)
7. of full legal age
8. of the elder of two boys (Jones major)

In "major-party vote", "major" modifies "party", indicating the party is a major one, i.e., one of the principal parties. This aligns with sense 1: of greater importance or stature or rank. A major party is an important party, as opposed to a minor party. Also note the context earlier mentions "majority - party status" (which has a hyphen but likely "majority-party status"? Actually it says "their majority - party status" – probably "majority-party" or "majority" is a typo? "disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status" – that's "majority" likely meaning "majority"? Actually it's "majority", but that might be a typo for "majority"? Wait: "majority - party status" is probably "majority-party status" meaning majority party? But the text says "their majority - party status", not "major". The target is "major". So it's a distinct phrase. So here "major-party vote" clearly refers to the vote share of the major parties.

Sense 3 says "greater in number or size or amount", but that would be like "a major portion" meaning a large portion. A "major party" is not a large party in terms of number (though it is large), but it's a party of major importance. In political science, "major party" is a standard term meaning a party with significant influence, typically one of the two dominant parties. So sense 1 fits best.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "party" with surface form "party" in the given context. We have five candidate senses with definitions, synonyms, and examples. We need to choose the single best indexed sense.

Let's examine the context. The target word is in the phrase: "the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house". The context talks about political parties: "changed party hands" (referring to Senate control), "majority - party status", "Republican candidates", "GOP candidates", "ticket splitting", etc. So clearly, "party" here refers to a political party.

Now look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
This matches perfectly. Political party.

2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner. This is a social gathering, not political.

3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen. This is a group with a common task, but not necessarily political.

4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day. Social event.

5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part. Legal sense.

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. The context is about political parties (Republican, Democratic, GOP). The phrase "major-party vote" refers to votes for the major political parties.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Now return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "vote" with the surface form "vote" in a context. We need to choose the best WordNet sense from the provided candidates. Let's analyze the context:

"An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation."

The target word is within the phrase "a state's major-party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate". Here, "vote" refers to the share or proportion of votes cast for that candidate. It's essentially the number of people who voted for that candidate, or the share. Looking at the senses:

1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative; synonyms: ballot, voting, balloting; examples: there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person. This sense is about the act or process of voting, or a single choice. In the context, "vote" is not about a single choice or the process, but the collective outcome.

2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting; examples=they put the question to a vote. This is about putting something to a vote, i.e., the decision-making process. Not a percentage or share.

3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment; synonyms=right to vote, suffrage. Not applicable; it's not about the right to vote.

4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: definition=a body of voters who have the same interests; examples=he failed to get the Black vote. This refers to a group of voters. While sometimes "vote" can mean the collective support, as in "the youth vote", here it's "a state's major-party vote going to the Republican candidate" which seems to mean the proportion of votes cast. It could be interpreted as the aggregate support, but more naturally it's the share of votes.

5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: definition=the total number of voters who participated; synonyms=voter turnout; examples=they are expecting a large vote. This is about turnout, not the distribution among candidates.

The context uses "vote" in an econometric investigation where they look at the difference between "a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house". So "vote" here is synonymous with "share of votes" or "percentage of votes". None of the senses directly say "percentage of votes cast for a particular candidate", but sense 1 is about choices counted. Actually, sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" could be extended to mean the total number of such choices for a candidate, i.e., the votes received. But the example is "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion", which refers to individual votes. In the phrase "vote going to", it might be the aggregate of individual votes, thus fitting sense 1. Alternatively, sense 4: "a body of voters who have the same interests" might be interpreted as the bloc of voters supporting a candidate, i.e., "the Republican vote". However, the phrase says "the state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate", which emphasizes the portion of the vote, not a bloc. In political science, "vote share" is common. The closest is likely sense 1, as it's the basic meaning of votes cast. But sense 1 seems more about a single vote or the general concept. Let's see if any other sense matches better. Sense 2 is about the decision to hold a vote, not the outcome. Sense 5 is turnout. So sense 1 or 4. Typically, when saying "the vote going to", it means the percentage or number of votes. I'd lean toward sense 1, because it's the fundamental meaning: the choices made by people in an election. Sense 4 is specifically a group of voters, and here it's not "the Black vote" but "vote going to" which implies the aggregate of individual votes. Therefore, sense 1 is the best.

Thus, choose sense_index: 1.

provider: Alibaba