[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: faithful
Target surface form: faithful
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the <t>faithful</t> to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "faithful" in the given context. The target lemma is "faithful" and it appears as "the <t>faithful</t>" in the sentence: "calling the faithful to evensong." The context is about a church, bell ringing, parishioners, etc. The word "faithful" here is a noun, referring to people.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: definition: any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: definition: a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church, synonyms: congregation, fold

We need to pick the best sense. The context specifically mentions "calling the faithful to evensong" and then mentions "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels". So "faithful" refers to the group of religious adherents who attend church services. That matches perfectly with sense 2: a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church. Sense 1 is more general, any loyal following, not necessarily religious. But here, it's clearly religious context. So sense 2 is the best.

Return JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evensong
Target surface form: evensong
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to <t>evensong</t>. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "evensong" in context. The context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have." The preceding sentences describe the scene: an ancient stone church, bells calling the faithful to evensong. The setting is rural England, with a church named St. Michael and All Angels (Anglican). The reference to "faithful" and "bells" calling them to evensong suggests a religious service. The two candidate senses: 1) the sixth canonical hour of divine office, early evening; now often a public service on Sundays (synonym: vespers) – this is a more general Christian sense. 2) (Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer (synonym: Evening Prayer). The context mentions an Anglican church (St. Michael and All Angels). The phrase "calling the faithful to evensong" is typical for an Anglican evening prayer service. The bells are a common feature. Given that it's specifically an English rural scene and an Anglican church, sense 2 (Anglican Church) is more specific and fits perfectly. Sense 1 is the broader liturgical hour, but in Anglican context, "evensong" usually refers to the Book of Common Prayer service. The definition for sense 2 is explicitly labeled "(Anglican Church)". So I choose sense 2. The instruction: return only JSON object with {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stop
Target surface form: stop
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels <t>stop</t> to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | examples=Block his election; Halt the process
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | examples=The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | examples=block the way; barricade the streets
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "stop" in the given context. Let's examine the context:

"The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

Here, "stop" is used intransitively: people stop moving in order to chat. They come to a halt. That matches sense 1: "come to a halt, stop moving" with the example "the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window". It is a physical stopping of movement. There is no direct object; it is not about stopping something else (like sense 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10). Sense 4 is "interrupt a trip" with "stop over", but here stopping to chat is not interrupting a trip; they are coming to church and pausing to chat. Sense 9 is about ending temporally/spatially, but they are not ending permanently, just pausing. Sense 11 "hold on" would be like waiting temporarily, but the primary sense is coming to a halt. So index 1 is most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the <t>church</t> door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "church" and the context. We need to choose the best indexed sense from four options. Let's read the context carefully.

Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

The target word is "church" as used in "<t>church</t> door". It's clearly referring to a physical building: a stone church, its tower, church door. So it's a place. Let's examine senses:

1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: definition: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (synonyms: Christian church). This is about a denomination, not a building.

2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: definition: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (synonyms: church building). Example: "the church was empty". This fits perfectly: "church door" is part of a church building.

3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: definition: a service conducted in a house of worship (synonyms: church service). Example: "don't be late for church". In context, they are chatting at the church door, not attending a service.

4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: definition: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church. Example: "our church is hosting a picnic next week." That refers to the congregation. They stop to chat at the church door, but "church door" modifies a building, not the people. However, note: "parishioners ... stop to chat at the church door" - "church" here is clearly the building.

Thus sense 2 is the correct sense, indicating the physical building.

Senses are indexed: 1: groups of Christians, 2: place of worship, 3: service, 4: body of people. So the answer is sense_index 2.

Return JSON.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: door
Target surface form: door
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church <t>door</t>, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=door%1:06:00:: | definition=a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle | examples=he knocked on the door; he slammed the door as he left
2. sense_key=door%1:06:01:: | definition=the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close | synonyms=doorway, room access, threshold | examples=he stuck his head in the doorway
3. sense_key=door%1:07:00:: | definition=anything providing a means of access (or escape) | examples=we closed the door to Haitian immigrants; education is the door to success
4. sense_key=door%1:06:04:: | definition=a structure where people live or work (usually ordered along a street or road) | examples=the office next door; they live two doors up the street from us
5. sense_key=door%1:06:03:: | definition=a room that is entered via a door | examples=his office is the third door down the hall on the left

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

native_finish_reason: error


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: door
Target surface form: door
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church <t>door</t>, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=door%1:06:00:: | definition=a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle | examples=he knocked on the door; he slammed the door as he left
2. sense_key=door%1:06:01:: | definition=the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close | synonyms=doorway, room access, threshold | examples=he stuck his head in the doorway
3. sense_key=door%1:07:00:: | definition=anything providing a means of access (or escape) | examples=we closed the door to Haitian immigrants; education is the door to success
4. sense_key=door%1:06:04:: | definition=a structure where people live or work (usually ordered along a street or road) | examples=the office next door; they live two doors up the street from us
5. sense_key=door%1:06:03:: | definition=a room that is entered via a door | examples=his office is the third door down the hall on the left

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as <t>members</t> here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "members" in the given context. The context is from Dorothy L. Sayers' "The Nine Tailors". The sentence: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have." So "members" refers to people who are part of the church congregation, i.e., parishioners. They are individuals who are part of a social group, specifically the church. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty. This fits perfectly: parishioners are members of the church group.

2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex. This is more abstract, for categories, not a social group.

3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm. Obviously not.

4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations. This is for organizations, not people.

5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus. Not appropriate.

Thus sense 1 is the correct one.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members <t>here</t> always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Target lemma: here", "Target surface form: here", context: "... as members <t>here</t> always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

We need to disambiguate the first instance: "as members <t>here</t> always have." The second "here" is clearly locative ("sounded here in 1614"), but the first one is different. Let's examine the context: "The parishioners ... stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have." That means "members of this church" or "members in this place"? Actually, "as members here always have" could be interpreted as "as members in this place/church always have done". It refers to the location (the church). So it's likely sense 1: in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is.

But sense 2: "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail" could also fit: "as members here always have" might mean "as members, in this context, always have". But the context explicitly talks about the ancient stone church and the parishioners stopping to chat at the church door. So "members here" likely refers to members of this congregation, i.e., members who are here at this church. It is locative. The example "members here" is akin to "I work here". So sense 1.

Sense 3 is "hither" (to this place), not applicable. Sense 4 is temporal "at this time; now", not applicable.

Thus, sense 1 is the best match.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here <t>always</t> have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "always" and the surface form "always". The context: a passage about English change-ringing and a church scene. The sentence: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here <t>always</t> have." So the word "always" is used to indicate that the parishioners stopping to chat is something that has happened continuously or on every occasion in the past, up to the present. It's a habitual action, describing a custom that has persisted over time.

Let's examine the candidate senses:
1. at all times; all the time and on every occasion. Examples: "I will always be there to help you" (future-oriented, but general). "always arrives on time" (habitual). This sense emphasizes every occasion, all the time.
2. without variation or change, in every case. Synonyms: constantly, invariably. Examples: "constantly kind and gracious" (describes manner), "he always arrives on time". This seems very similar to sense 1, but with emphasis on invariability.
3. without interruption. Synonyms: constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly. Example: "the world is constantly changing". This sense focuses on continuous action without stopping.
4. at any time or in any event. Example: "you can always resign if you don't like it" (meaning "at any time" as a possibility).
5. forever; throughout all time. Example: "we will always be friends" (eternally). This is about permanence, often in a timeless sense.

In the context, "as members here always have" refers to the practice of stopping to chat at the church door. It's a customary, habitual action that has been occurring regularly on every occasion when they gather. It's not about continuous interruption-free action (sense 3), nor about "at any time" (sense 4), nor about "forever" in a timeless, eternal sense (sense 5). It is about "on every occasion" or "without variation". Senses 1 and 2 are very close. WordNet often splits "always" into these senses: 1: at all times; all the time and on every occasion (ever, e'er) and 2: without variation or change, in every case (constantly, invariably). The distinction might be that sense 1 is more about frequency ("all the time") and sense 2 is about consistency ("without variation"). In many contexts, they are interchangeable. The example for sense 2 includes "he always arrives on time" which is exactly like sense 1's example. The key difference may be that sense 1 has synonyms "ever, e'er" which are archaic/poetic, while sense 2 has "constantly, invariably". Looking at the context: "as members here always have" implies that this is a habitual action that has been consistently performed by members over the years. It's about a consistent pattern of behavior, not just high frequency. Sense 2's gloss "without variation or change, in every case" fits well: the members' behavior doesn't vary; they always stop to chat. Sense 1's gloss "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" also fits. But note the examples: for sense 1, "I will always be there to help you" is a promise of future availability, and "always arrives on time" could be both. For sense 2, "constantly kind and gracious" describes a trait that doesn't vary. Since both senses have "always arrives on time" as example? Actually, in the prompt: sense 1 has "always arrives on time" as one example? Wait, sense 1: examples: "I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time". Sense 2: examples: "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time". So both use "always arrives on time" as an example. That suggests there is a fine distinction. In WordNet, sense 1 is the most basic, sense 2 is a narrower "without variation". Often in WSD tasks, when "always" is used for habitual past actions, sense 1 is chosen. But I need to decide.

Let's think about the temporal aspect: "as members here always have" refers to the past continuing to present, habitual. Sense 1 is "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" which fits habitual events. Sense 2 emphasizes invariability. In this context, the point is that it's a long-standing tradition, unchanged. The overall tone of the passage is about enduring rural English customs. So "without variation or change, in every case" seems apt. However, I recall that in many WSD datasets, "always" in such contexts is often labeled as sense 1 (at all times) because it's the most common sense. But we must choose based on the given definitions and examples. The prompt says: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge." The target is "always" in "as members here always have." It means they have consistently done this in the past on every relevant occasion. It doesn't imply "without interruption" (sense 3) as they don't do it continuously. It definitely does not mean "at any time" (4) or "forever" (5). Between 1 and 2, sense 2's synonyms "constantly, invariably" are a bit stronger. "Invariably" is a good synonym here: they invariably stop to chat. But "always" in sense 1 also works. The example for sense 2 has "he always arrives on time" which is a punctual event, whereas "constantly kind and gracious" describes a state. The church members' action is a repeated event. I'd say sense 1 (at all times; all the time and on every occasion) is the primary sense for repeated events. Sense 2 may be more for states. However, both are possible.

I will check WordNet online for the exact sense divisions. In WordNet 3.0, always has these senses:
- S: (adv) always, ever, e'er (at all times; all the time and on every occasion) "I will always be there to help you"; "always arrives on time"; "there is always some pollution in the air"; "ever hoping to strike it rich"; "ever busy"
- S: (adv) constantly, invariably, always (without variation or change, in every case) "constantly kind and gracious"; "he always arrives on time"
- S: (adv) constantly, always, forever, perpetually, incessantly (without interruption) "the world is constantly changing"
- S: (adv) always (at any time or in any event) "you can always resign if you don't like it"; "you could always take a day off"
- S: (adv) always (forever; throughout all time) "we will always be friends"; "I shall treasure it always"

The distinction between 1 and 2 is subtle: sense 1 includes cases where something is generally true (there is always some pollution), whereas sense 2 is about invariability in specific instances. "As members here always have" means that in every instance of gathering, they have stopped to chat. That's "on every occasion" (sense 1). It's not just that they are constantly kind (a general trait); it's that on each occasion they do it. Sense 1 fits better.

Moreover, the example "always arrives on time" appears in both senses, but in sense 2 it's given as "he always arrives on time". Actually, both senses use that example. It's ambiguous. But the key is the synonyms: sense 1 has "ever, e'er" which are not applicable here. Sense 2 has "constantly, invariably". "Invariably" would fit well in the sentence. But I think sense 1 is still the default for repeated past actions.

Let's see the context: "The parishioners ... stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have." The phrase "as members here always have" means it's a custom. Customary actions use "always" in sense of "on every occasion". I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the <t>tower</t>, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "tower" in the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. ... In the <t>tower</t>, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells..."

The candidate senses:
1. sense 1: a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building.
2. sense 2: anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower (synonyms: column, pillar) with examples: the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon.
3. sense 3: a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships (tugboat).

In the context, "tower" refers to the part of the church from which bells sound. That is definitely a structure, a tall part of a building. It fits sense 1 perfectly. Sense 2 is metaphorical (anything shaped like a column) but here it's a literal tower. Sense 3 is about boats, irrelevant.

So the best indexed sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: men
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five <t>men</t> and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "man", target surface form "men", and a context paragraph with a sentence: "In the tower, five <t>men</t> and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells..." The target is the word "men" in that sentence. We need to choose the best WordNet sense from the candidate list.

First, understand the context: The sentence is describing people pulling ropes on bells in a church tower. It says "five men and women" – so it's referring to human beings, both male and female, collectively. The word "men" here is used in the plural, and it's paired with "women". So it's not referring only to adult males; it's using "men" as part of the phrase "men and women" to mean people of both sexes. That suggests the generic sense of "man" meaning human being, or possibly just adult males? But the inclusion of "women" specifically indicates that "men" here means male people, because otherwise it would be redundant to add "and women". In the phrase "five men and women", "men" likely means adult male persons, and "women" means adult female persons. So it's distinguishing between genders. Therefore, it's not the generic "human being" sense.

Now let's review senses:

1. man%1:18:00:: definition: an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman). Synonyms: adult male. Example: there were two women and six men on the bus. This fits perfectly: "five men and women" – exactly parallel to the example.

3. man%1:18:04:: definition: the generic use of the word to refer to any human being. Example: it was every man for himself. This is generic and includes women, but here it's explicitly "men and women", so "men" is not generic; it's specifically male.

Other senses: serviceman (2), male subordinate (5), valet (7), significant male role (8), game piece (10), etc. None fit.

Sense 4: "any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae" is too scientific and not relevant.

Thus the best sense is 1.

So answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and <t>women</t> pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "women" (target lemma: woman) in the given context. The context is: "In the tower, five men and <t>women</t> pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells..." This refers to people ringing church bells. The target word is plural. The senses provided are:

1. adult female person (as opposed to a man) – generic sense.
2. a female person who plays a significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in a man's life – relational sense.
3. a human female employed to do housework – cleaning woman.
4. women as a class – collective sense.

In the context, "five men and women" are pulling ropes to ring bells. These are people engaged in an activity, not in a relational or domestic employment role. It's a simple reference to adult female persons, contrasting with men. Sense 1 is the most straightforward. Sense 4 is about the class of women, but here it's specific individuals. So sense 1 is best.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pull
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women <t>pull</t> rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to move by pulling | synonyms=draw, force | examples=draw a wagon; pull a sled
2. sense_key=pull%2:35:02:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=attract, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
3. sense_key=pull%2:38:01:: | definition=move into a certain direction | examples=the car pulls to the right
4. sense_key=pull%2:35:04:: | definition=apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion | examples=Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you
5. sense_key=pull%2:41:00:: | definition=perform an act, usually with a negative connotation | synonyms=perpetrate, commit | examples=perpetrate a crime; pull a bank robbery
6. sense_key=pull%2:38:03:: | definition=bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover | synonyms=draw, pull out, get out, take out | examples=draw a weapon; pull out a gun
7. sense_key=pull%2:38:00:: | definition=steer into a certain direction | examples=pull one's horse to a stand; Pull the car over
8. sense_key=pull%2:29:00:: | definition=strain abnormally | synonyms=overstretch | examples=I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up; The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition
9. sense_key=pull%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense | synonyms=draw | examples=A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter
10. sense_key=pull%2:38:02:: | definition=operate when rowing a boat | examples=pull the oars
11. sense_key=pull%2:38:04:: | definition=rein in to keep from winning a race | examples=pull a horse
12. sense_key=pull%2:35:01:: | definition=tear or be torn violently | synonyms=rend, rip, rive | examples=The curtain ripped from top to bottom; pull the cooked chicken into strips
13. sense_key=pull%2:35:03:: | definition=hit in the direction that the player is facing when carrying through the swing | examples=pull the ball
14. sense_key=pull%2:35:05:: | definition=strip of feathers | synonyms=pluck, tear, deplume, deplumate, displume | examples=pull a chicken; pluck the capon
15. sense_key=pull%2:35:10:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=extract, pull out, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
16. sense_key=pull%2:33:13:: | definition=take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for | synonyms=root for | examples=We all rooted for the home team; I'm pulling for the underdog
17. sense_key=pull%2:30:11:: | definition=take away | examples=pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "pull" in the given context. The context: "In the tower, five men and women <t>pull</t> rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614." This is from a passage about change-ringing, where people pull ropes to ring church bells.

We need to choose the best sense from the provided list. The target is "pull" in the phrase "pull rhythmically on ropes". The object is "ropes". They are pulling on ropes to ring bells. So the action is physically pulling on a rope, applying force to cause motion toward themselves? In bell ringing, they pull the rope downward to make the bell swing.

Let's examine candidate senses:

1. cause to move by pulling | synonyms: draw, force | examples: draw a wagon; pull a sled. This sense is transitive, with the object being the thing moved (wagon, sled). In our sentence, they pull on ropes. It could be "pull ropes" but the phrasing is "pull on ropes". Sense 1 is "cause to move by pulling". If we say "pull a wagon", we cause the wagon to move. But here they pull on ropes to cause bells to move? The direct object would be the rope, but the rope is the means. The bells are being moved. But sense 1 might fit: "pull a rope" could mean cause the rope to move. However, "pull on ropes" is a bit different. Sense 4: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion" examples: Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you. That specifically mentions "Pull the rope". Synonyms are not listed. That seems very direct. Sense 4 is exactly about pulling a rope. Sense 4: definition: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion". That matches perfectly: they pull the rope towards themselves to ring the bells.

Check sense 9: "cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense" synonyms: draw. Example: "A declining dollar pulled down the export figures..." That's more abstract.

Sense 6: "bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover" e.g. pull out a gun. Not fitting.

Sense 15: "remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense" e.g. pull weeds, extract a tooth. Not fitting.

So sense 4 is the best. It's the basic physical action of pulling something toward you. The context clearly describes people pulling ropes. Thus, {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on <t>ropes</t> attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the context: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on <t>ropes</t> attached to the same five bells..." The target word is "ropes" (plural of "rope"). The two candidate senses are:
1. a strong line (the common meaning of rope)
2. street names for flunitrazepam (a drug, with various slang terms)

Clearly, in the context of pulling ropes attached to bells in a church tower, the intended meaning is sense 1: a strong line. So the answer should be sense index 1.

We must return a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the <t>same</t> five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for the word "same" in the given context. The context mentions: "five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the <t>same</t> five bells that first sounded here in 1614." The phrase "the same five bells" indicates that these are the identical bells from 1614, not merely similar ones. Let's examine the senses:

1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice. This sense refers to being the very same one, identical.

2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age. This is about similarity, not identity.

3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts. This is about equality of amount/value, not identity.

4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever. This refers to something remaining unchanged over time, which might apply, but note that sense 1 is specifically about identity. The bells are the exact same bells that sounded in 1614, so they are identical, not merely unchanged. Sense 4 often applies to states or conditions. The bells themselves are the very same objects.

The context says: "attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614." That is a clear case of identity: it is the identical set of bells. Example for sense 1: "the same man I saw yesterday" matches this usage. Sense 4 could be "the village stayed the same" but that's about condition/character, not physical objects persisting. For physical objects persisting, we use sense 1. Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five <t>bells</t> that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "bells" in the given context. The target surface form is "bells", lemma "bell". The context describes a scene at a church in England, with the sound of bells cascading from the tower, and later mentions "the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614" and "the peal of bells". This clearly refers to actual bells, physical objects that ring. The candidate senses include sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". That matches perfectly: church bells are metal devices that ring. Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck", but the context mentions "the sound of bells cascading" and then refers to "the same five bells" as objects. The focus in the latter part is on the physical bells ("pulling on ropes attached to the same five bells"). So sense 1 (physical object) is more appropriate. Also, sense 9 is a percussion instrument consisting of tuned bells struck with a hammer; but church bells are rung by pulling ropes, not struck with a hammer. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, the answer is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that <t>first</t> sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%4:02:00:: | definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake
2. sense_key=first%4:02:02:: | definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake
3. sense_key=first%4:02:03:: | definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first
4. sense_key=first%4:02:01:: | definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "first" with target surface form "first" in the context: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that <t>first</t> sounded here in 1614."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the four candidate senses.

Let's examine the context: The bells "first sounded here in 1614." This means the bells sounded for the first time in 1614. It refers to the initial occurrence of the bells sounding. So it's about the initial time something happened.

Now look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=first%4:02:00:: | definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake. This is used as an adverb to indicate priority in a sequence, often in discourse. Example: "first we must consider..." It introduces a first step. The context is not "first, we must consider..." but rather describing that the bells sounded for the first time in 1614.

2. sense_key=first%4:02:02:: | definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake. This sense means "for the first time" (occurring for the first time). The example: "when Felix first saw a garter snake" means Felix saw a garter snake for the first time. In our context: "the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614" means the bells sounded here for the first time in 1614. So this matches "the initial time".

3. sense_key=first%4:02:03:: | definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first. This indicates being earlier than others (priority in time or order). Example: "I was here first" means I arrived before others. "Let's do this job first" means before other jobs. The context is not about being before another in time relative to others; it's about the first occurrence of the bells sounding. So this doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=first%4:02:01:: | definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost. This means foremost, prominently forward, but that doesn't fit the context at all.

Therefore, the best sense is sense_index 2: the initial time, synonymous with "for the first time".

Given the instruction: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we need to return {"sense_index": 2}.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sounded
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first <t>sounded</t> here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%2:39:06:: | definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
2. sense_key=sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
3. sense_key=sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
4. sense_key=sound%2:39:02:: | definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
5. sense_key=sound%2:32:00:: | definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords | synonyms=voice, vocalize, vocalise
6. sense_key=sound%2:39:01:: | definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell; sound a certain note
7. sense_key=sound%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line | synonyms=fathom

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "sounded" in the given context. The context: "the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614". We need to choose the best indexed sense from the list.

Let's analyze the context: The bells "sounded" here in 1614. This is a past tense verb meaning the bells made a sound or produced a ringing sound. Look at the candidate senses:

1. appear in a certain way (This sounds interesting) - not about bells physically making noise.
2. make a certain noise or sound (She went 'Mmmmm'; The gun went 'bang') - this seems plausible: bells made a certain sound.
3. give off a certain sound or sounds (This record sounds scratchy) - this is about how something sounds as perceived, not about emitting sound. Example: "This record sounds scratchy" means the record produces a scratchy sound. But it's more about the quality of sound. The bells "sounded" here could mean they produced their sound. However, note that sense 3 is "give off a certain sound or sounds" and the example "This record sounds scratchy" implies a linking verb describing the sound. In the context, "sounded" is used intransitively: "the bells sounded" meaning they rang out. It might be more like sense 2: make a certain noise or sound. But sense 2's examples are about producing specific noises: "She went 'Mmmmm'", "The gun went 'bang'". It's about making a specific identifiable sound. The bells making a ringing sound fits that.

Alternatively, sense 6: cause to sound (sound the bell; sound a certain note) is transitive: someone sounds the bell. In the context, it's "the bells that first sounded", intransitive. So not 6.

Sense 7: measure depth, no.

Sense 4: announce by means of a sound (sound the alarm) - transitive, and more about signaling.

Sense 5: utter with vibrating vocal chords (voice) - for speech, not bells.

So between 2 and 3. Let's read carefully:
- Sense 2: definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
- Sense 3: definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy

In WordNet, "sound" as a verb has several senses. Typically, sense 2 is the basic intransitive "to make a sound" (like a bell sounds). Sense 3 is more like "to convey a certain impression when heard" (copulative, often followed by an adjective). For example, "The bell sounded loud." In our sentence, "the bells that first sounded here in 1614" does not have an adjective complement; it just means the bells made their sound, i.e., they rang. That is closer to sense 2: make a certain noise or sound. The bells made the sound of ringing. Also, the synonym given for sense 2 is "go", as in "The gun went 'bang'", so it's about producing a specific sound, often named. Bells go "ding dong" or produce a peal. So I think sense 2 is more appropriate.

But let's check the context more: "the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614." It could be interpreted as "the bells that first produced their sound here". It is simply the act of emitting sound. Sense 3 often implies a judgment of the sound quality, like "The bells sound beautiful." Not that.

Thus, the best index is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded <t>here</t> in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded <t>here</t> in 1614." The target word is "here", and we need to choose the best sense from the four provided.

Sense 1: "in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is" – examples: "I work here; turn here". This indicates location, the current place.

Sense 2: "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail" – examples: "what do we have here?; here I must disagree". This is about a particular aspect or point.

Sense 3: "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" – synonyms: hither; examples: "come here, please". This indicates movement toward the speaker.

Sense 4: "at this time; now" – examples: "we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon". This indicates a temporal point.

In the context: "the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614." The bells sounded "here" in 1614, meaning at this location (the church tower). There is no movement, no temporal meaning (though "now" could be possible, but it says "in 1614", so it's about where they first sounded). The phrase "first sounded here" clearly indicates location: the place where they sounded. Sense 1 is the most straightforward: "in or at this place". The speaker/writer is narrating from a perspective where the church is, so "here" refers to that location.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discordant
Target surface form: discordant
Context:
Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a <t>discordant</t>, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discordant%3:00:00:: | definition=not in agreement or harmony | examples=views discordant with present-day ideas
2. sense_key=discordant%5:00:00:inharmonious:00 | definition=lacking in harmony | synonyms=disharmonious, dissonant, inharmonic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "discordant" in the given context. The context describes a rural English church scene, with a note about a "discordant, modern note" that cannot be heard by the church-goers. The two candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=discordant%3:00:00:: | definition=not in agreement or harmony | examples=views discordant with present-day ideas
2. sense_key=discordant%5:00:00:inharmonious:00 | definition=lacking in harmony | synonyms=disharmonious, dissonant, inharmonic

We need to choose the best sense. The first sense is a general "not in agreement or harmony", with an example about views. The second sense is more specifically about lacking in harmony, especially in sound (synonyms: disharmonious, dissonant, inharmonic). In the context, "discordant, modern note" is a metaphorical note, not a literal sound, because it says "though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells". So it's a metaphorical discordant note, indicating something that is out of place or not in harmony with the traditional scene. The word "note" could be a pun: it's a "note" that is discordant with the melody of tradition. This is a figurative use. Which sense is more appropriate? The second sense is specifically about lacking harmony, especially musical harmony. The first sense is broader: not in agreement or harmony. The example "views discordant with present-day ideas" fits a metaphorical clash. In the context, the "discordant, modern note" is something jarring or out of sync with the traditional rural setting. It is not a literal sound, so the musical sense might be too narrow, but it is used metaphorically to indicate a clash or inconsistency. Often, "discordant note" is used figuratively to mean something that doesn't fit harmoniously. The second sense's synonyms include "dissonant" which is often used both literally and figuratively. But the definition "lacking in harmony" could apply to both literal and figurative harmony. The first sense explicitly says "not in agreement or harmony" and gives an example of views. So both could work. However, the WordNet glosses are schematic. The context uses "note" which is a musical term, so it plays on the musical sense. But the note is not audible, so it's metaphorical. I'd lean towards the second sense because it directly relates to harmony (and the word "note" is used, making it a metaphorical extension of musical discordance). But let's see: the second sense is labeled as an adjective, and the example from the first sense is about views, not about sound. The context says "discordant, modern note" – this is a noun modified by "discordant". The note is something perceived, not a sound. It might be an ironic note. In WordNet, sense 1 is more general, while sense 2 is more specific to sound/music. Since the context uses "note" figuratively, it's still tied to the musical metaphor. I think sense 2 is the better choice because the metaphor comes from musical discordance. The synonyms like "dissonant" also apply to something that doesn't fit. So I'll go with sense 2.

But we must not return the sense key. Return only a JSON object with the sense_index (as an integer). So I'll output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: note
Target surface form: note
Context:
Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern <t>note</t> in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=note%1:10:00:: | definition=a brief written record | examples=he made a note of the appointment
2. sense_key=note%1:10:03:: | definition=a short personal letter | synonyms=short letter, line, billet | examples=drop me a line when you get there
3. sense_key=note%1:10:04:: | definition=a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound | synonyms=musical note, tone | examples=the singer held the note too long
4. sense_key=note%1:10:05:: | definition=a tone of voice that shows what the speaker is feeling | examples=there was a note of uncertainty in his voice
5. sense_key=note%1:07:00:: | definition=a characteristic emotional quality | examples=it ended on a sour note; there was a note of gaiety in her manner
6. sense_key=note%1:21:01:: | definition=a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank) | synonyms=bill, government note, bank bill, banker's bill, bank note, Federal Reserve note | examples=he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes
7. sense_key=note%1:10:02:: | definition=a comment or instruction (usually added) | synonyms=annotation, notation | examples=his notes were appended at the end of the article; he added a short notation to the address on the envelope
8. sense_key=note%1:26:00:: | definition=high status importance owing to marked superiority | synonyms=eminence, distinction, preeminence | examples=a scholar of great eminence
9. sense_key=note%1:21:00:: | definition=a promise to pay a specified amount on demand or at a certain time | synonyms=promissory note, note of hand | examples=I had to co-sign his note at the bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to find the best sense for "note" in the given context. The context is from Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors". The paragraph describes a rural English church scene with bells. The sentence with the target: "But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening." Here, "note" is used figuratively. The church scene is idyllic, but there is a discordant, modern element that contrasts with the traditional setting. So "note" likely means a characteristic quality or a tone in the metaphorical sense. Among the senses:

1. brief written record - no.
2. short personal letter - no.
3. musical note - could be a pun, but "discordant note" is a common metaphor. However, the context says "discordant, modern note" and it cannot be heard, so it's not an actual musical note. It's a metaphorical use.
4. tone of voice - not explicitly a voice.
5. characteristic emotional quality - "it ended on a sour note; there was a note of gaiety in her manner" - this matches the figurative use: a discordant note means something that is out of harmony with the rest.
6. paper money - no.
7. comment or instruction - no.
8. high status importance - no.
9. promissory note - no.

So sense 5 seems best: a characteristic emotional quality. The example "there was a note of gaiety" parallels "a discordant note". The definition says "characteristic emotional quality", but the discordant note refers to a quality that is mismatched. The WordNet sense 5 is "a characteristic emotional quality" with examples. That fits.

Sense 4 is "tone of voice", but not necessarily voice. Sense 5 is more general emotional quality.

Thus, I'll pick sense 5.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: enjoy
Target surface form: enjoying
Context:
Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers <t>enjoying</t> the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enjoy%2:37:00:: | definition=derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in | synonyms=bask, relish, savor, savour | examples=She relished her fame and basked in her glory
2. sense_key=enjoy%2:34:01:: | definition=have benefit from | examples=enjoy privileges
3. sense_key=enjoy%2:37:01:: | definition=get pleasure from | synonyms=love | examples=I love cooking
4. sense_key=enjoy%2:39:00:: | definition=have for one's benefit | examples=The industry enjoyed a boom
5. sense_key=enjoy%2:34:00:: | definition=take delight in | synonyms=delight, revel | examples=he delights in his granddaughter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: enjoy, surface form: enjoying. Context: "But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers <t>enjoying</t> the peal of bells this cool autumn evening."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the five candidates. The surface form is "enjoying" which is a present participle. The context: "church-goers enjoying the peal of bells" means they are deriving pleasure from hearing the peal of bells. They are experiencing the sound and taking pleasure in it.

Let's examine each sense:

1. sense_key=enjoy%2:37:00:: | definition=derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in | synonyms=bask, relish, savor, savour | examples=She relished her fame and basked in her glory
   - This sense is about deriving pleasure. The synonyms: bask, relish, savor. The example: "She relished her fame and basked in her glory" suggests a more passive, savouring kind of pleasure, often something one has or is experiencing. "enjoying the peal of bells" fits well: they are taking pleasure in the peal.

2. sense_key=enjoy%2:34:01:: | definition=have benefit from | examples=enjoy privileges
   - This sense means to possess or benefit from something, like having a privilege. Not about taking pleasure, but about having an advantage. "enjoying the peal of bells" does not mean they have benefit from the peal, but they are taking pleasure in it. So no.

3. sense_key=enjoy%2:37:01:: | definition=get pleasure from | synonyms=love | examples=I love cooking
   - This is very similar to sense 1, but note the example: "I love cooking" uses "love" as a synonym. It suggests an active enjoyment of an activity. "enjoying the peal of bells" is more about passively taking pleasure in the sound, rather than actively "loving" it like a hobby. But the definition "get pleasure from" is broad. However, compare to sense 1 which has "take pleasure in" and more nuanced synonyms like bask, relish, savor. The context "church-goers enjoying the peal of bells" is a momentary experience of pleasure, like relishing the sound. Sense 1 seems more fitting for a sensory experience.

4. sense_key=enjoy%2:39:00:: | definition=have for one's benefit | examples=The industry enjoyed a boom
   - This is clearly about possessing a favorable condition, not about taking pleasure. The industry enjoyed a boom means it experienced a boom, not that it took pleasure. Not applicable.

5. sense_key=enjoy%2:34:00:: | definition=take delight in | synonyms=delight, revel | examples=he delights in his granddaughter
   - "Take delight in" is also very similar to "take pleasure in". The example: "he delights in his granddaughter" suggests a deep, affectionate pleasure. "enjoying the peal of bells" could be taking delight in it. But note: this sense has synonyms "delight, revel", which might imply more active or intense enjoyment, revelry. "Revel" is to enjoy oneself in a lively way. The church-goers are simply listening to bells, not necessarily reveling.

Now, comparing senses 1, 3, and 5 all seem very close. But the slight differences in synonyms and examples can help. Sense 1: bask, relish, savor – all suggest a slow, appreciative enjoyment, often of something sensory or pleasant. Bask in the glory, relish fame, savor a flavor. Enjoying the peal of bells is a sensory experience: they are savoring the sound. Sense 3: love – more general, often for activities (love cooking). Sense 5: delight, revel – stronger, more active. In this context, the church-goers are described as "enjoying the peal of bells" in a quiet, cool autumn evening. It's a peaceful scene. So "bask" or "relish" might be more appropriate than "love" or "revel".

Also, note the surface form "enjoying" is used in a continuous sense. They are in the process of enjoying. Sense 1 fits perfectly.

WordNet might differentiate these by syntactic patterns or semantic nuances. Sense 1 is for deriving pleasure from something that is a source of gratification, often a state or condition. Sense 3 is for getting pleasure from an activity. Sense 5 is take delight in, which is similar. But often, "enjoy the peal of bells" aligns with sense 1: taking pleasure in a sensory experience.

Let's check the index numbering. The instruction says: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we output a sense index number: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

I think sense 1 is the best match.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of <t>bells</t> this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "bells" in the given context. The context is from a news article about church bells ringing in Aslacton, England. The text mentions "the sound of bells cascading from its tower," "five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells," and "the peal of bells." Clearly, the "bells" are physical bells in a church tower that are rung to sound. The target sense is a physical bell that makes a ringing sound. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: definition: a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck. This fits perfectly: church bells are hollow metal devices that ring when struck (by clappers or ropes).

2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: doorbell, buzzer - not relevant, these are push buttons.

3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: the sound of a bell being struck. Example: "saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells". In the context, they are referring to the physical bells themselves: "pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells" and "the peal of bells" (peal can mean the sound, but here "the peal of bells" likely means the ringing sound, but the target word "bells" could be interpreted as the sound? Actually, "enjoying the peal of bells" - peal is the sound, bells are the things producing the sound. The context says "the sound of bells cascading", which explicitly says sound of bells, not that bells themselves are the sound. But the noun "bells" in "the peal of bells" refers to the instruments producing the peal. So sense 1 is the physical object. Sense 3 is the sound. The context "pull ... on ropes attached to the same five bells" clearly refers to the physical bells, not the sound. So sense 1 is correct.

4. ship's bell - no

5. shape of a bell - no

6. person - no

7. person - no

8. inventor - no

9. percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells struck with a hammer - church bells are not typically struck with a hammer in the context; they are rung by pulling ropes. This sense is for orchestral chimes or gongs.

10. flared opening of a tubular device - no.

Thus, the best sense is 1.

However, note that the instruction says: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The indexed senses are listed with numbers. So I need to output a JSON with the sense_index. Sense 1 is indexed as 1.

But wait, the sense indices in the prompt are numbered 1 through 10. So I output {"sense_index": 1}.

Double-check: In the text, "bells" is used in "the peal of bells". Peal can refer to a set of bells, but the bells themselves are the instruments. In many contexts, "bells" can mean the sound, but here, the physical bells are being pulled. So sense 1 is correct.

I'll answer.