[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: promptly
Target surface form: promptly
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers <t>promptly</t> set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=promptly%4:02:02:: | definition=with little or no delay | synonyms=quickly, quick | examples=the rescue squad arrived promptly; come here, quick!
2. sense_key=promptly%4:02:00:: | definition=in a punctual manner | synonyms=readily, pronto | examples=he did his homework promptly
3. sense_key=promptly%4:02:01:: | definition=at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence) | synonyms=right away | examples=he promptly forgot the address

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "promptly" and the context sentence: "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest." We need to choose among three WordNet senses for the adverb "promptly".

Let's examine each sense:

Sense 1: sense_key=promptly%4:02:02:: | definition=with little or no delay | synonyms=quickly, quick | examples=the rescue squad arrived promptly; come here, quick!
Sense 2: sense_key=promptly%4:02:00:: | definition=in a punctual manner | synonyms=readily, pronto | examples=he did his homework promptly
Sense 3: sense_key=promptly%4:02:01:: | definition=at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence) | synonyms=right away | examples=he promptly forgot the address

Context: The vicar sacked the entire band of ringers. In reaction, the ringers "promptly" set up a picket line in protest. The meaning here is that they did it without delay, immediately after being sacked. Note the action: setting up a picket line is a protest, and it's done in response to the sacking. It might be seen as an undesirable occurrence from the vicar's perspective? Or it's just immediate. Sense 3 says "at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence)" and the example is "he promptly forgot the address" – forgetting an address is undesirable. In our context, setting up a picket line might be undesirable to the vicar. Also, sense 3 explicitly says "at once", which fits. Sense 1 is "with little or no delay", which also fits. Sense 2 is "in a punctual manner", which implies being on time for something scheduled, like doing homework promptly (on time). That doesn't fit here because setting up a picket line isn't about punctuality in a scheduled sense; it's a reaction that happens immediately. So sense 2 seems unlikely. Now between 1 and 3: Sense 3 has the nuance "usually modifies an undesirable occurrence". In the protest context, the vicar finds the ringers' action undesirable, so "promptly" could be emphasizing that they immediately did this undesirable thing. The example "he promptly forgot the address" suggests forgetting is something one wishes didn't happen. Similarly, the vicar sacked them, and they immediately set up a picket line, which is an unwanted consequence. So sense 3 captures that nuance. Sense 1 is more neutral about delay. The context "promptly set up a picket line in protest" implies they did it immediately, with a hint that it was a swift negative reaction. WordNet often distinguishes senses based on such nuances. I'll check the glosses: Sense 1: with little or no delay, synonyms quick, quick. Sense 3: at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence). In the context, "promptly" could be paraphrased as "right away". And it is an undesirable occurrence for the vicar. So I think sense 3 fits best.

Thus, the answer: {"sense_index": 3}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: protest
Target surface form: protest
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in <t>protest</t>. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=protest%1:10:00:: | definition=a formal and solemn declaration of objection | synonyms=protestation | examples=they finished the game under protest to the league president; the senator rose to register his protest
2. sense_key=protest%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent | synonyms=objection, dissent
3. sense_key=protest%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a strong public expression of disagreement and disapproval | examples=he shouted his protests at the umpire; a shower of protest was heard from the rear of the hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "protest" with surface form "protest". The context contains the sentence: "the ringers promptly set up a picket line in <t>protest</t>."

We need to choose from three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=protest%1:10:00:: | definition=a formal and solemn declaration of objection | synonyms=protestation | examples=they finished the game under protest to the league president; the senator rose to register his protest
2. sense_key=protest%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent | synonyms=objection, dissent
3. sense_key=protest%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a strong public expression of disagreement and disapproval | examples=he shouted his protests at the umpire; a shower of protest was heard from the rear of the hall

The context: ringers set up a picket line in protest. A picket line is a public demonstration, usually organized to express dissent. Sense 2 is specifically "the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent", which matches perfectly. Sense 3 is similar but emphasizes "strong public expression of disagreement", which also could fit, but sense 2 explicitly mentions "public (often organized) manifestation", and picket lines are organized. Sense 1 is about formal declarations like "under protest to the league president", which is more formal and solemn, not a public demonstration.

The example for sense 3: "he shouted his protests at the umpire" suggests a more individual spontaneous expression, while sense 2 is about an organized manifestation. The picket line is organized. So sense 2 is the best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: club
Target surface form: club
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating <t>club</t> that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=club%1:14:01:: | definition=a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together | synonyms=baseball club, ball club, nine | examples=each club played six home games with teams in its own division
2. sense_key=club%1:14:00:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=social club, society, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=club%1:06:00:: | definition=stout stick that is larger at one end | examples=he carried a club in self defense; he felt as if he had been hit with a club
4. sense_key=club%1:06:02:: | definition=a building that is occupied by a social club | synonyms=clubhouse | examples=the clubhouse needed a new roof
5. sense_key=club%1:06:01:: | definition=golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball | synonyms=golf club
6. sense_key=club%1:06:03:: | definition=a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more black trefoils on it | examples=he led a small club; clubs were trumps
7. sense_key=club%1:06:04:: | definition=a spot that is open late at night and that provides entertainment (as singers or dancers) as well as dancing and food and drink | synonyms=cabaret, nightclub, nightspot | examples=don't expect a good meal at a cabaret; the gossip columnist got his information by visiting nightclubs every night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for "club" in the given context. The context is about church bell ringers who often skip services and go to the pub, and a vicar sacked a band of ringers. The vicar is quoted: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises." So "club" here refers to the group of ringers, a social group with similar interests (bell ringing). Looking at the candidate senses:

1. baseball club - no, not baseball.
2. a formal association of people with similar interests (social club, society, guild, etc.) - This fits perfectly: the ringers formed a group/club.
3. stick - no.
4. building occupied by a social club - not a building; they are a group.
5. golf club - no.
6. playing card - no.
7. nightclub - no.

So sense_index 2 is the best match.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treat
Target surface form: treated
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that <t>treated</t> the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treat%2:41:00:: | definition=interact in a certain way | synonyms=handle, do by | examples=Do right by her; Treat him with caution, please
2. sense_key=treat%2:30:01:: | definition=subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition | synonyms=process | examples=process cheese; process hair
3. sense_key=treat%2:29:00:: | definition=provide treatment for | synonyms=care for | examples=The doctor treated my broken leg; The nurses cared for the bomb victims
4. sense_key=treat%2:32:00:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, handle, plow, deal, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
5. sense_key=treat%2:40:00:: | definition=provide with a gift or entertainment | examples=Grandmother always treated us to the circus; I like to treat myself to a day at a spa when I am depressed
6. sense_key=treat%2:34:00:: | definition=provide with choice or abundant food or drink | synonyms=regale | examples=Don't worry about the expensive wine--I'm treating; She treated her houseguests with good food every night
7. sense_key=treat%2:32:03:: | definition=engage in negotiations in order to reach an agreement | examples=they had to treat with the King
8. sense_key=treat%2:31:00:: | definition=regard or consider in a specific way | examples=I treated his advances as a joke

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "treat" and its surface form "treated" (past tense). The context is about ringers (bell ringers) treating the tower as a separate premises. Let's read the quote: "They were a self-perpetuating club that <t>treated</t> the tower as sort of a separate premises". That means they regarded or considered the tower as a separate premises. So the sense is about regarding or considering in a specific way. That aligns with sense 8: "regard or consider in a specific way". Examples: "I treated his advances as a joke". Here, treating the tower as a separate premises matches that structure: treat X as Y. So sense 8 is the best fit.

Check other senses:
1. interact in a certain way: could be possible, but "treat as" strongly indicates consideration, not just interaction.
2. subject to a process: no.
3. provide treatment for: medical, no.
4. act on verbally or in artistic expression: no, they aren't addressing the tower in a book or speech.
5. provide with a gift or entertainment: no.
6. provide with abundant food or drink: no.
7. engage in negotiations: no.

Thus sense 8 is correct. Index in the list is 8. Since JSON expects {"sense_index": 8}.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the <t>tower</t> as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tower" in the given context. The target is "tower" in the sentence: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises," the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Context: The passage is about church bell ringers. They ring bells in a church tower. The "tower" here refers to the church tower, which is a tall structure attached to a church. The ringers treat it as a separate space.

Given senses:
1. sense 1: a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building (this fits a church tower)
2. sense 2: anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower (metaphorical, like a tower of dust)
3. sense 3: a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships (tugboat)

Clearly, sense 1 is the literal building structure. The ringers treat the church tower as separate premises. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sort
Target surface form: sort
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as <t>sort</t> of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sort%1:09:00:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, form, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
2. sense_key=sort%1:07:00:: | definition=an approximate definition or example | examples=she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing
3. sense_key=sort%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a particular character or nature | examples=what sort of person is he?; he's a good sort
4. sense_key=sort%1:22:00:: | definition=an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion | synonyms=sorting | examples=the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "sort" in the given context. The target surface form is "sort". The context is: "... treated the tower as <t>sort</t> of a separate premises ..." So the phrase is "sort of". We need to choose the best sense among the four candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sort%1:09:00:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, form, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
2. sense_key=sort%1:07:00:: | definition=an approximate definition or example | examples=she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing
3. sense_key=sort%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a particular character or nature | examples=what sort of person is he?; he's a good sort
4. sense_key=sort%1:22:00:: | definition=an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion | synonyms=sorting | examples=the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting

The phrase "sort of" is used as an adverbial phrase meaning "to some extent" or "in a way". But the target word "sort" is a noun in these senses. In sense 2, we have "an approximate definition or example" and examples include "she wore a sort of magenta dress" and "she served a creamy sort of dessert thing". In these examples, "sort of" functions as a modifier meaning "kind of" or "approximately". In the given context: "treated the tower as sort of a separate premises" – it means they treated it as, in a way, a separate premises. So "sort of" here is used to hedge or approximate. That matches sense 2: "an approximate definition or example". Sense 1 is about categories, like "kind, form, variety" – that might also be used in phrases like "a sort of fruit", but sense 2 specifically captures the hedging/approximate use. The examples for sense 2 include "she wore a sort of magenta dress" which is very similar: "a sort of magenta dress" means approximately magenta. Here "as sort of a separate premises" means approximately a separate premises. So sense 2 is the best match.

Sense 3 is about a person, not applicable. Sense 4 is about sorting items, not applicable.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: separate
Target surface form: separate
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a <t>separate</t> premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=separate%3:00:00:: | definition=independent; not united or joint | examples=a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways
2. sense_key=separate%5:00:00:detached:00 | definition=standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything | synonyms=freestanding | examples=a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage
3. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:segregated:00 | definition=separated according to race, sex, class, or religion | examples=separate but equal; girls and boys in separate classes
4. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00 | definition=have the connection undone; having become separate | synonyms=disjoined

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "separate" in the sentence: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises," the Vicar Hummerstone says. The context is about ringers (bell ringers) who see the church tower as separate from the church services; they don't attend services and treat the tower as their own premises. So "separate" here means not connected or independent from the main church. Looking at options:

1. sense_key=separate%3:00:00:: | definition=independent; not united or joint | examples=a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways. This fits: the tower is treated as an independent premises, not united with the church.

2. sense_key=separate%5:00:00:detached:00 | definition=standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything | synonyms=freestanding | examples=a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage. This also might fit physically: the tower is physically separate? But the context is about attitude, not physical detachment. They treat it as separate premises, meaning distinct and independent, not necessarily freestanding. The tower is part of the church building but they treat it as if it's a separate entity. So sense 1 is more about conceptual independence.

3. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:segregated:00 | definition=separated according to race, sex, class, or religion | not applicable.

4. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00 | definition=have the connection undone; having become separate | synonyms=disjoined. This could also fit: they have undone the connection between the tower and the church. But sense 1 "independent; not united or joint" seems more straightforward.

Examples for 1: "a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways" - used for things that are distinct and not joined. For 2: "a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage" - emphasizes physical detachment. For 4: "disjoined" - more like something that was once connected and now is not. In context, the vicar says they treated the tower as a separate premises, meaning they considered it independent from the church, not necessarily physically detached. Sense 1 fits best as it means independent and not united.

Thus, I choose sense_index 1.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone <t>says</t>. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "say" with surface form "says" in a specific context. The context is a quote: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises," the Vicar Hummerstone says. This is a direct speech attribution. The vicar is expressing his opinion or stating something in words. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. express in words (synonyms: state, tell). Examples: "He said that he wanted to marry her" – this is a neutral statement of expressing something verbally.
2. report or maintain (synonyms: allege, aver). Examples: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war" – this has a connotation of asserting something, often with a hint of claim or contention.
3. express a supposition (synonyms: suppose). Examples: "Let us say that he did not tell the truth" – hypothetical.
4. have or contain a certain wording (synonyms: read). Examples: "The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?" – referring to text.
5. give instructions (synonyms: order, tell). Examples: "I said to him to go home" – directive.
6. speak/pronounce in a certain way. Examples: "She pronounces French words in a funny way" – focus on articulation.
7. communicate nonverbally. Examples: "What does this painting say?" – not applicable.
8. utter aloud. Examples: "She said 'Hello' to everyone" – similar to sense 1 but more about the act of uttering.
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare. Examples: "I say let's forget this whole business" – expressing opinion.
10. recite a fixed text. Examples: "Say grace" – not applicable.
11. indicate. Examples: "The clock says noon" – not applicable.

In the context, the vicar is directly quoted as saying something. He is expressing his view about the ringers. The reporting clause "the Vicar Hummerstone says" is a standard way to attribute speech. It's a neutral statement of what he said. The words he said are a statement about what the group was like. So sense 1 (express in words) is the most general and fits perfectly. Sense 2 (report or maintain) could also work, as he is maintaining a claim, but it's not necessarily alleging something contested strongly; it's just his explanation. The examples for sense 2 often involve legal or contentious assertions. But in journalism, quoting someone with "says" is typically sense 1. Sense 9 (state as one's opinion) is also plausible because he's stating his opinion about the ringers. However, sense 9 examples: "I say let's forget this whole business" is more about declaring an opinion or proposal. Here, he's simply describing what the group was like, so it's more factual statement than opinion. Sense 1 is the most basic and common for quoting speech. I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely <t>new</t> band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the context: "An entirely <t>new</t> band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation." The target word is "new" describing a band. The previous band was sacked, and now there is an entirely new band. So "new" here means the band is different from the former one, a replacement. This fits sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different". Examples given: "they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it". So sense 5 is about being different from a previous one. Sense 1 is about recently made, discovered, etc., but the emphasis here is on replacement after sacking. So I'll go with sense 5.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings <t>today</t> at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "today" in the given context. There are two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: - definition: the present time or age; examples: the world of today; today we have computers.
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: - definition: the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow); examples: Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

In the context: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation." Here, "today" is used as an adverb modifying the verb "rings" (present tense). It indicates the current time period relative to the narration. The context is about a current situation at the time of writing/speaking. The phrase "rings today" suggests that now, in the present time (not just a specific day), the new band rings. It contrasts with the past incident two years ago. So "today" refers to the present time or age generally, not specifically to the calendar day. The definition "the present time or age" fits better, as in "the world of today" or "today we have computers." It's not emphasizing a particular 24-hour day but the current state of affairs. Therefore, sense 1 is appropriate.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are <t>members</t> of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about bell ringers and their relationship with the church. The target word is "member" (surface form: "members"). We need to find the best sense among the five given.

Context: "...several of whom are members of the congregation." The sentence is about an entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. So "members" here means people who belong to the congregation (a social group, specifically a church group). That matches sense 1: "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)". Synonyms: fellow member. Example: "only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty". This is clearly about people in a group. Sense 2 is about "anything that belongs to a set or class" (like snakes are members of Reptilia). That would be more abstract and not about people. Sense 3 is body part (extremity, appendage). Sense 4 is an organization that is a member of another organization (like a state belongs to a group of nations). Sense 5 is a euphemism for penis. None of those fit the context of people being part of a congregation.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.

Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "congregation" in the given context. The target word is "congregation". The context is about church bell ringers, and the sentence: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>." The sense options are:

1. a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church (synonyms: fold, faithful)
2. an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together (examples: a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over)
3. the act of congregating (synonym: congregating)

In the sentence, "several of whom are members of the congregation," this clearly refers to members of the church congregation, i.e., the group of people who attend that church. The context discusses Church of England, vicars, services, etc. So the sense of a religious group is intended, not just any assemblage, and not the act. Sense 1 fits perfectly.

Thus, the answer is sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there <t>still</t> are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "still" in the given context. The target is "still" in the sentence: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells." Let's analyze the context.

The previous sentences describe how a vicar sacked a band of ringers because they didn't attend services, and a new band now rings, several of whom are congregation members. Then: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells." This "still" indicates that the situation (not having enough ringers) persists despite the change. It's an adverb meaning "despite what has just been said" or "nevertheless." There's a contrast: old ringers were sacked, new ringers were brought in, but the problem of insufficient ringers persists. So it's sense 2: despite anything to the contrary, usually following a concession. The concession is implied: even though they got a new band, they still don't have enough ringers. Note the context does have an explicit "But" which signals a contrast. The gloss for sense 2 says "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" and synonyms include "however, nevertheless, yet, all the same, even so". That fits perfectly.

Sense 1 is "without change, interruption, or cessation" which could also fit, but sense 2 is more specific because there's a concession (the change in the band). However, WordNet often distinguishes these: sense 1 is for continuation of a state, sense 2 for concessive use. Here, "still" is in a clause introduced by "But", indicating a concessive relation: despite the new band, the problem remains. So sense 2 is more appropriate.

Sense 3 is comparative, which isn't the case. Sense 4 is without moving, not applicable.

Thus, the best sense is 2.

Return JSON with sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough <t>ringers</t> to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "ringer" with surface form "ringers" in the context. The context is about church bell ringers. The sentence: "But there still are not enough <t>ringers</t> to ring more than six of the eight bells." Clearly, it's about people who ring church bells. The synonyms for sense 1 are "toller, bell ringer". Sense 2 is "dead ringer", sense 3 is a ringer in a competition, sense 4 is a horseshoes term. From context, it's sense 1. So {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "ring" in the sentence: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."

The context is about church bell ringers. The target word is "ring" as a verb, appearing in the infinitive "to ring more than six of the eight bells." This clearly means to make the bells produce sound, specifically by ringing them.

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
   This sense is intransitive: the bells rang. In our context, "to ring more than six of the eight bells" is transitive: ringers ring the bells. So they are making the bells ring. However, sense 1 is about the bells sounding. But the phrase "to ring the bells" could match sense 3 better.

2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
   This is about a place echoing. Not relevant.

3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
   This perfectly matches: "make (bells) ring" and the example "Ring the bells". Also "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" is similar to the context of bell ringers. "Ring" here is used transitively or intransitively for bell-ringing activity. In the sentence, "to ring more than six of the eight bells" means they can only cause six bells to be rung (by pulling the ropes). So sense 3 is the best.

4. telephoning - not relevant.

5. encircle - not relevant.

6. attach a ring to a bird - not relevant.

Thus, the best sense is 3.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "bell" and target surface form "bells" in the context. The context is about church bells, specifically about ringers (bell ringers) and church towers. The phrase "the bells have fallen silent" refers to the actual bells in a church tower. The sentence mentions "six of the eight bells" and "the bells have fallen silent". This is clearly about physical bells that ring. Among the candidate senses, sense 1 is "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". That matches perfectly. Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck", but here the text says "the bells have fallen silent", referring to the objects themselves, not the sound. Sense 9 is a percussion instrument, but church bells are not typically a set of tuned bells struck with a hammer in an orchestral sense; they are tower bells. Sense 1 is the most straightforward. So the best sense is index 1.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the <t>bells</t> have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the single best indexed sense for "bells" in the given context. The target word is "bell", surface form "bells". The context is about church bells and ringers. The key sentence: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells." And later: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance." So clearly, these are church bells, i.e., physical bells in a church tower that are rung. The candidate senses:

1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck. That's the general sense of a bell. This fits perfectly: church bells are hollow metal devices that ring when struck.

2. doorbell/buzzer - not relevant.

3. the sound of a bell being struck. While the bells "have fallen silent", the sound is implied, but the actual bells are physical objects. The context talks about ringers, ringing bells, the number of bells. The physical bells are the focus.

4. nautical time units - not relevant.

5. shape - not relevant.

6,7,8 - people, irrelevant.

9. percussion instrument with tuned bells - could be, but church bells are typically a set of bells, but they are not necessarily orchestral instruments. They are bells in a church tower. Sense 1 is more general and directly applies. Sense 9 says "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument". Church bells are rung by ringers, usually by pulling ropes, not struck with a hammer as an orchestral instrument. So sense 1 is better.

10. flared opening - irrelevant.

Thus, sense 1 is the best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: silent
Target surface form: silent
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:quiet:01 | definition=marked by absence of sound | synonyms=soundless, still | examples=a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass
2. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to | synonyms=mum | examples=the witness remained silent
3. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=implied by or inferred from actions or statements | synonyms=tacit, understood | examples=gave silent consent; a tacit agreement
4. sense_key=silent%5:00:02:inaudible:00 | definition=not made to sound | synonyms=unsounded | examples=the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'; in French certain letters are often unsounded
5. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inaudible:00 | definition=having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility | examples=a silent dog whistle
6. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inarticulate:00 | definition=unable to speak because of hereditary deafness | synonyms=dumb, mute

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "silent" in the context: "the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance." The context is about church bells that are no longer ringing because of a disagreement. So "silent" here means the bells are not making sound.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. marked by absence of sound; synonyms: soundless, still; examples: a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass. This fits perfectly: the bells are silent, i.e., not producing sound.
2. failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to; synonyms: mum; example: the witness remained silent. This is about people not speaking, not applicable to bells.
3. implied by or inferred from actions or statements; synonyms: tacit, understood; examples: gave silent consent. Not about sound.
4. not made to sound; synonyms: unsounded; examples: the silent 'h' at the beginning of 'honor'. This refers to letters not pronounced, not bells.
5. having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility; example: a silent dog whistle. That's a whistle that humans can't hear, but the bells are simply not ringing, not producing sound at all, so this doesn't fit.
6. unable to speak because of hereditary deafness; synonyms: dumb, mute; about people, not bells.

Sense 1 is the best match. The phrase "fallen silent" is idiomatic for something that was making noise and stopped. So the bells are silent in the sense of absence of sound.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow
Target surface form: following
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation on the word "following" in the context: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance." The target lemma is "follow" and surface form is "following". We need to choose from 24 candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context: The bells have fallen silent following a dust-up. Here, "following" is a preposition or participle meaning after something, as a result of something. "Following a dust-up" indicates that the bells became silent after the dust-up, possibly as a consequence.

We need to match the meaning to one of the provided senses.

Let's review each sense:

1. Travel behind, go after (physical following). Not applicable.
2. Be later in time (postdate). Example: Tuesday always follows Monday. That sounds like temporal sequence, but it's just a neutral time ordering. Here it says "fallen silent following a dust-up" – it likely means after the dust-up, but also implies a causal connection? Sense 2 is just about being later in time, no causation. Example is simple: Tuesday follows Monday. That's close? But maybe there's a more specific sense.
3. Come as a logical consequence; follow logically. Example: It follows that your assertion is false. That's about logical deduction, not real-world events.
4. Travel along a course. Not applicable.
5. Act in accordance with rules/commands. Not applicable.
6. Come after in time, as a result. Example: A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake. That's exactly what we have: an event happens after another, often as a result. The example shows a consequence. "Following a dust-up" means the bells fell silent as a result/after the dust-up. Sense 6 is "come after in time, as a result". The definition explicitly includes "as a result". That seems perfect.
7. Behave in accordance. Not applicable.
8. Be next. Example: Mary plays best, with John and Sue following. That's about ranking, not events.
9. Choose and follow theories. Not applicable.
10. To bring something about at a later time than. Example: She followed dinner with a brandy. That is about scheduling an event after another, but the subject is a person. Here it's an event following another, so not applicable.
11. Imitate. Not applicable.
12. Trace development. Not applicable.
13. Follow with eyes/mind. Not applicable.
14. Be the successor. Example: Carter followed Ford. That's about people succeeding in roles, not events.
15. Perform accompaniment. Not applicable.
16. Keep informed. Not applicable.
17. To be the product or result. Example: Melons come from a vine. That's about originating from, not temporal sequence.
18. Accept leadership. Not applicable.
19. Adhere to practice. Not applicable.
20. Work in a specific place. Not applicable.
21. Keep under surveillance. Not applicable.
22. Follow in pursuit. Not applicable.
23. Grasp the meaning. Not applicable.
24. Keep to principles. Not applicable.

The most relevant senses are 2, 6, maybe 3 and 17. Sense 6: "come after in time, as a result" with example "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake." That matches the sense of an event occurring after another event, often as a consequence. The phrase "fallen silent following a dust-up" implies that the bells became silent after and because of the dust-up. Sense 2 is just "be later in time" (synonym: postdate) with example "Tuesday always follows Monday." That is a fixed temporal order, not a specific event-result scenario. The context is more like an incident leading to a result, so sense 6 is better. Sense 3 is logical consequence, not real-world events. Sense 17 is about being the product, but melons come from a vine is more of origin/cause, not a temporal sequence. In the sentence, "following" is a preposition meaning "after, as a result of". In WordNet, such prepositions are often mapped to adverbial or adjective senses, but here the lemma is verb "follow", and the participial form "following" can be used as a preposition. In WordNet, the verb sense "follow" can be used in the present participle form as a preposition. Sense 6 fits perfectly.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 6.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over <t>church</t> attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "church" in the context. The target is in this sentence: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance." So we need the sense of "church" in the phrase "church attendance". The phrase "church attendance" likely refers to attending a service, not the building or the organization. The context: "dust-up over church attendance" implies conflict over attending services. Earlier, it mentions vicars pressing ringers to attend services, and a previous incident where ringers didn't attend service. So "church attendance" means attending the church service. Let's check the senses:

1. Christian church: a denomination or group of Christians. Not appropriate.
2. church building: a place for worship. "Church attendance" could mean attendance at the building, but typically "church attendance" refers to attending services, not just being in the building. Example: "don't be late for church" implies the service.
3. church service: a service conducted in a house of worship. This fits perfectly: "church attendance" = attendance at church service.
4. body of people: the congregation. "Church attendance" might be ambiguous, but it's usually attendance by people, not attendance of the body. The phrase means the act of attending, likely the service.

Thus, sense 3 is best.

Response: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The <t>vicar</t>, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "vicar" and context. The candidate senses:

1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

The context mentions "Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon" and "the Vicar Hummerstone" and "St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset" and "vicar of a nearby church". These are Church of England references (Devon, Somerset are in England; Great Torrington and Ilminster are in England). So it's about Church of England vicars, not Roman Catholic or Episcopal. Sense 3 is specifically Church of England. So sense_index 3.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: refuse
Target surface form: refuses
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, <t>refuses</t> to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=refuse%2:32:00:: | definition=show unwillingness towards | synonyms=decline | examples=he declined to join the group on a hike
2. sense_key=refuse%2:40:00:: | definition=refuse to accept | synonyms=reject, pass up, turn down, decline | examples=He refused my offer of hospitality
3. sense_key=refuse%2:42:00:: | definition=elude, especially in a baffling way | synonyms=defy, resist | examples=This behavior defies explanation
4. sense_key=refuse%2:40:01:: | definition=refuse to let have | synonyms=deny | examples=She denies me every pleasure; he denies her her weekly allowance
5. sense_key=refuse%2:42:04:: | definition=resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ | synonyms=resist, reject | examples=His body rejected the liver of the donor
6. sense_key=refuse%2:41:00:: | definition=refuse entrance or membership | synonyms=reject, turn down, turn away | examples=They turned away hundreds of fans; Black people were often rejected by country clubs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "refuses" in the given context. The target lemma is "refuse", surface form "refuses". Context: "The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'" So the sense is about someone declining to do something, i.e., showing unwillingness. Looking at candidate senses:

1. sense_key=refuse%2:32:00:: | definition=show unwillingness towards | synonyms=decline | examples=he declined to join the group on a hike

That fits perfectly: the vicar refuses to talk, i.e., shows unwillingness to talk.

2. refuse to accept, like rejecting an offer. Not about an offer here.

3. elude, defy explanation.

4. refuse to let have, deny.

5. immunological resistance.

6. refuse entrance or membership.

Thus sense 1 is clearly correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talk_about
Target surface form: talk about
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to <t>talk about</t> it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:00:: | definition=to consider or examine in speech or writing | synonyms=discourse, discuss | examples=The author talks about the different aspects of this question; The class discussed Dante's `Inferno'
2. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:01:: | definition=discuss or mention | synonyms=talk of | examples=They spoke of many things

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are to choose the best sense for "talk about" in the context: "The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'" Two candidate senses: 1. to consider or examine in speech or writing (discourse, discuss) with examples like "The author talks about the different aspects of this question". 2. discuss or mention (talk of) with example "They spoke of many things". Here, the vicar refuses to discuss or mention the dust-up. The sense "discuss or mention" fits well. The first sense implies a more thorough examination or discourse, which might be too strong for simply refusing to talk about something to avoid reopening a wound. The second sense is more general and fits better. So sense 2.