[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same <t>parents</t> do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "parent" with surface form "parents" in the given context. We have two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

The context discusses education, young people, parents' attitudes toward creativity and traditional education. "Parents" clearly refers to human mothers and fathers, not organisms in a biological sense. The sentence: "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive." and "these same parents do want their children to get a decent education..." So it's about fathers and mothers. Sense 1 is correct. Sense 2 is about biological parents in a broader sense (plant or animal), not appropriate here.

Thus, choose sense_index 1. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do <t>want</t> their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "want" in the given context. The lemma is "want" and the surface form is "want". We need to pick the best sense from the five candidate senses.

Let's look at the context sentence: "Fortunately, these same parents do <t>want</t> their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands."

Here, "want" is used with "do" as an auxiliary, and the phrase is "do want their children to get a decent education". This is a desire or wish for their children to obtain something. The structure "want [someone] to [do something]" is typical of sense 1: "feel or have a desire for; want strongly". Examples given for sense 1: "I want to go home now; I want my own room." This fits the pattern "want [object/person] to [verb]" or "want [noun]". Sense 1 is about desiring something.

Let's check the other senses:
Sense 2: "have need of" - synonyms need, require. Example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner." That implies something lacking or needing. Not really fitting for "want their children to get an education" as a need? Parents might need their children to get an education, but the context is about desire, not necessity. Also "want" here is followed by an infinitive clause ("to get"), which is typical for desire, not for need. Sense 2 often has an object that is a thing needing something, like "the piano wants attention". Not typical with a person as subject wanting someone to do something.

Sense 3: "hunt or look for; want for a particular reason." Examples: "Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you." This is about being sought, often by authorities. Unlikely in this context.

Sense 4: "wish or demand the presence of." Example: "I want you here at noon!" This is about requesting presence. Could be similar to "want someone to do something" but it's more about presence. The example is "I want you here at noon!" not "I want you to get an education". The context does not demand presence; it desires an action.

Sense 5: "be without, lack; be deficient in." Example: "want courtesy; want the strength to go on living." This is about lacking something, not desiring. Here the parents do not lack education; they desire it for their children.

Thus, clearly sense 1 is the best: "feel or have a desire for; want strongly." The parents desire their children to get a decent education.

Given the JSON output format, we should return {"sense_index": 1} as the index corresponding to sense 1. But note: the sense indices are given as sense_key strings like "want%2:37:00::" which corresponds to index 1? Let's see the enumeration in the candidate senses list: they are listed with numbers 1-5. So sense 1 is the first on the list. The answer should be the index number. The instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we use the number.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Wafer

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their <t>children</t> to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "children" (lemma "child") in the given context. We need to choose the best sense among four candidates. The context discusses education, creativity, and children in the context of schooling and parental desires for a decent education. The sentence: "Fortunately, these same parents do want their <t>children</t> to get a decent education as traditionally understood..." This refers to parents wanting their children (offspring) to get an education. The focus is on the parent-child relationship (son/daughter). Sense 2 defines "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age", with example "they were able to send their kids to college". That fits perfectly. Sense 1 is about young persons in general, but the possessive "their children" strongly indicates offspring. Sense 3 is about an immature person, but that's not the primary meaning here. Sense 4 is about clan/tribe, which is irrelevant. Thus, sense 2 is best.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: get
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to <t>get</t> a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are tasked with choosing the best indexed sense for the word "get" in the context: "Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to <t>get</t> a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands."

Let's analyze the context. The phrase is "get a decent education". Here, "get" means to obtain or receive something, specifically an education. The parents want their children to obtain a decent education. This is about coming into possession of something abstract (education). Looking at the candidate senses, sense 1 is: "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract" with synonyms "acquire", and examples "She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet". That fits perfectly: getting an education is acquiring an abstract thing. Sense 4 is "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" with examples like "His movie received a good review", but that is more about receiving a treatment, not exactly about acquiring something. However, "get a decent education" could also be seen as receiving education. But sense 1 is more directly about coming into possession. Sense 21 is "acquire as a result of some effort or action" with example "You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?" That also fits, but it's more about effort. But the context doesn't emphasize effort; it emphasizes wanting to obtain it. Sense 1 is more general and includes abstract things. Let's compare sense 1 and sense 4: sense 4 is "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" and examples include "receive an interpretation" but also "His movie received a good review". Education is not a treatment; it's an acquisition. Sense 1 explicitly says "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract", and education is abstract. So sense 1 is the best.

But we need to check other senses that might be relevant. Sense 7: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" with examples "get an idea; experience vertigo". "Get an education" could be an experience, but it's more about obtaining it. Sense 7 is about experiencing something, but education is not just an experience; it's a thing you acquire. Sense 40:14 (index 21) is "acquire as a result of some effort or action", which is also plausible. However, the context says "get a decent education as traditionally understood", which implies acquiring the education like a commodity. Sense 1 is simpler and more direct. Among the top candidates, sense 1 (index 1) and sense 21 (index 21) both involve acquisition. Sense 1 is more general and includes both concrete and abstract. Sense 21 is more about effort, but the context doesn't mention effort specifically; it's about wanting them to obtain it. So sense 1 is better.

We also have sense 40:13 (index 22): "purchase" with example "What did you get at the toy store?" That's for buying, but education isn't purchased in this context; it's about obtaining it through schooling, not buying literally. So that's less likely.

Thus, the best is sense_index 1.

We need to output exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decent
Target surface form: decent
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a <t>decent</t> education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:respectable:00 | definition=socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous | synonyms=nice | examples=from a decent family; a nice girl
2. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:proper:00 | definition=according with custom or propriety | synonyms=becoming, comely, comme il faut, decorous, seemly | examples=her becoming modesty; comely behavior
3. sense_key=decent%3:00:00:: | definition=conforming to conventions of sexual behavior; - George Santayana | examples=speech in this circle, if not always decent, never became lewd
4. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:sufficient:00 | definition=sufficient for the purpose | synonyms=adequate, enough | examples=an adequate income; the food was adequate
5. sense_key=decent%5:00:02:modest:01 | definition=decently clothed | examples=are you decent?
6. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:modest:01 | definition=observing conventional sexual mores in speech or behavior or dress | examples=a modest neckline in her dress; though one of her shoulder straps had slipped down, she was perfectly decent by current standards

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "decent" in the given context. The context says: "Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands." The phrase "decent education" here refers to a proper, adequate, or satisfactory education. Looking at the options:

1. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:respectable:00 | socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous. Examples: "from a decent family; a nice girl". This is about social respectability. Not the best fit for "education" in this context, which is about being adequate or proper.

2. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:proper:00 | according with custom or propriety. Synonyms: becoming, comely, comme il faut, decorous, seemly. This could fit "decent education" meaning proper or appropriate education. However, the context emphasizes that parents want an education that is "decent" as traditionally understood, implying it meets a standard of adequacy. This sense is more about propriety and custom, not necessarily about quality.

3. sense_key=decent%3:00:00:: | conforming to conventions of sexual behavior. Not relevant to education.

4. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:sufficient:00 | sufficient for the purpose. Synonyms: adequate, enough. Examples: "an adequate income; the food was adequate". This is about being enough, meeting a requirement. In context: "decent education as traditionally understood" suggests an education that is adequate, satisfactory, not necessarily refined but sufficient. The phrase "decent education" often means a satisfactory level of education, not exceptional but enough. This sense aligns with the idea of getting a basic, adequate education.

5. sense_key=decent%5:00:02:modest:01 | decently clothed. Not relevant.

6. sense_key=decent%5:00:00:modest:01 | observing conventional sexual mores. Not relevant.

Between sense 2 and sense 4: Sense 2 is about propriety, custom, decorum. Sense 4 is about sufficiency, adequacy. In the context, "decent education as traditionally understood" implies an education that meets a certain standard, not just propriety but quality. The word "decent" in such collocations often means "of an acceptable standard; satisfactory". For example, "a decent meal" means a meal that is adequate, not necessarily fancy. "A decent education" means an education that is good enough. The examples for sense 4 include "an adequate income", which fits the pattern of something being sufficient for the purpose. Sense 2's examples are about behavior and propriety: "her becoming modesty", "comely behavior". That is less about the quality of education and more about the manner. The context contrasts creative, romantic education with traditional disciplined instruction, and parents want a decent education that is "as traditionally understood", meaning a solid, adequate education. So sense 4 is the best fit.

Therefore, the answer is sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent <t>education</t> as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "education" in the given context. The context: "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy."

The phrase "decent education as traditionally understood" implies a conventional idea of education, likely involving structured learning and knowledge acquisition. The context contrasts "creativity" in education with disciplined instruction, and parents wanting a traditional, decent education that avoids illiteracy. So, the sense likely refers to the process or result of learning, rather than the profession, department, or social behavior.

Let's review the candidate senses:

1. activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. Example: he received no formal education. Synonyms: instruction, teaching. This fits "decent education" as the instruction itself.

2. knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. Example: "it was clear that he had a very broad education." This refers to the knowledge someone has, the result. The phrase "get a decent education" could mean acquire knowledge.

3. the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. Example: "education is a preparation for life". This emphasizes the process of learning. "Get a decent education" could refer to the process.

4. the profession of teaching. This doesn't fit; parents want their children to get an education, not the profession.

5. the result of good upbringing, including social behavior. Not fitting here; it's about academic learning.

6. The US federal department. Obviously not.

The context says: "get a decent education as traditionally understood" — this likely means acquiring knowledge and skills, the traditional schooling. The phrase "decent education" often implies the knowledge or the process of being educated. Sense 2 is "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction" and sense 3 is "gradual process of acquiring knowledge". Both are plausible. The examples: for sense 2: "it was clear that he had a very broad education" (a state of having knowledge). For sense 3: "education is a preparation for life" (the process). The phrase "get a decent education" uses "get" to mean obtain or receive. This could lean towards the result (sense 2) where the person ends up with an education. But note that sense 1 is the activities of educating, and one can "receive" education as instruction. The synonym "instruction" fits well: "get a decent instruction". However, the WordNet gloss for sense 1 says "activities that impart knowledge", which emphasizes the teaching side. But the example "he received no formal education" uses "education" in the sense of instruction received. "Get an education" is a common phrase meaning to undergo schooling. The line between process and result is subtle. But the mention of "traditionally understood" and the contrast with "creativity" and "disciplined instruction" suggests the parents want the traditional instructional regimen. So sense 1 (instruction) might fit best because it contrasts with the "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction". The parents want a decent education = decent instruction, as traditionally understood. Sense 1's synonyms include "instruction", "teaching". The example: "he received no formal education" parallels "get a decent education". Sense 2 focuses on the knowledge itself, not the activity. The context says "getting" an education that involves discipline and instruction. So I'll go with sense 1.

But wait, the target word "education" appears in "get a decent education". If I substitute "instruction": "get a decent instruction" sounds a bit odd. We say "receive instruction" or "get instruction", but "get an instruction" might be less common. However, "education" in that phrase usually means the whole schooling experience. I think sense 1 is the most direct: the activities of educating. The WordNet example for sense 1 uses "formal education", which aligns with "decent education as traditionally understood". Sense 3 is process, but the phrase "get an education" often refers to the process or result. However, the instruction itself is what the parents want: disciplined instruction, not romantic creativity. The text says: "these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands." The demands of a traditional education are things like disciplined instruction, drilling, etc. So the parents want the kind of education that involves structured teaching. I choose sense 1.

Now output as JSON.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to <t>know</t> what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "know" in the given context. The target lemma is "know", surface form "know". The context is: "No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to <t>know</t> what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy."

We need to choose the best sense from the candidate senses listed (1-11). The target word is "know" in the phrase: "they have enough common sense to know what that demands." Here, "that" refers back to "a decent education as traditionally understood." So, the parents have enough common sense to know what a decent education demands. The sense of "know" here is about being aware or cognizant of the requirements. It's about knowing information or facts, not about familiarity, skill, or experience.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
   This sense fits well: knowing what a decent education demands is being aware of the facts/requirements.

2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
   This is about skill/know-how. The context doesn't suggest skill performance; it's about understanding demands.

3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
   This is about certainty or belief. The phrase "know what that demands" is not about belief in truth, but about factual knowledge.

4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
   This is about acquaintance; not applicable.

5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
   This is about experiencing; "know what that demands" is not about experiencing the demands, but knowing them intellectually.

6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
   Not relevant.

7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
   This is about having memorized or learned information. "Know what that demands" could fit if it means they have the knowledge fixed in mind. It's similar to sense 1, but sense 1 is broader. The context implies they have the common sense to be aware of what is required.

8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=... not relevant.

9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
   This is about recognizing someone's nature; not applicable.

10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
    This is about discrimination; not about demands.

11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!
    Not relevant.

The best match is sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about". The parents know what a decent education demands, meaning they are aware of the requirements. The example "I know that the President lied" shows a that-clause; here it's "know what...", which is a wh-clause, but it still falls under possession of information.

Sense 7 ("have fixed in the mind") could also be a candidate, but sense 1 is more general and common for this usage. Sense 3 is about belief/truth, not just awareness. So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: demand
Target surface form: demands
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that <t>demands</t>. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=demand%2:32:00:: | definition=request urgently and forcefully | examples=The victim's family is demanding compensation; The boss demanded that he be fired immediately
2. sense_key=demand%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
3. sense_key=demand%2:32:02:: | definition=claim as due or just | synonyms=exact | examples=The bank demanded payment of the loan
4. sense_key=demand%2:32:09:: | definition=lay legal claim to
5. sense_key=demand%2:32:05:: | definition=summon to court
6. sense_key=demand%2:32:06:: | definition=ask to be informed of | examples=I demand an explanation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "demand" (surface form "demands") in the context: "they have enough common sense to know what that demands." Here, "that" refers to "a decent education as traditionally understood." So the phrase is "what a decent education demands." This means what a decent education requires or necessitates. The word is used in the sense of "require as necessary." Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Request urgently and forcefully: This is about asking for something forcefully, like demanding compensation. The context is not about a person forcefully requesting something; it's about what an education inherently requires.
2. Require as useful, just, or proper: This fits perfectly. Synonyms: necessitate, need, require. Examples: "success usually requires hard work." So "what a decent education demands" means what it requires or necessitates.
3. Claim as due or just: This is like demanding payment, i.e., asserting a right. Not exactly the same; here it's not claiming something but requiring it.
4. Lay legal claim to: Clearly not.
5. Summon to court: No.
6. Ask to be informed of: No.

Thus, sense 2 is the best match.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: commitment
Target surface form: commitment
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their <t>commitment</t> to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=commitment%1:07:01:: | definition=the trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose | synonyms=committedness | examples=a man of energy and commitment
2. sense_key=commitment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action | synonyms=allegiance, loyalty, dedication | examples=his long commitment to public service; they felt no loyalty to a losing team
3. sense_key=commitment%1:04:02:: | definition=an engagement by contract involving financial obligation | examples=his business commitments took him to London
4. sense_key=commitment%1:10:00:: | definition=a message that makes a pledge | synonyms=dedication
5. sense_key=commitment%1:04:01:: | definition=the official act of consigning a person to confinement (as in a prison or mental hospital) | synonyms=committal, consignment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "commitment" in the given context. The context discusses parents' dedication to "creativity" in education, and how that commitment may not survive adolescent illiteracy. The phrase: "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy." So "commitment" here means an allegiance or dedication to the idea of creativity. Looking at the senses:

Sense 1: trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose (committedness). Example: "a man of energy and commitment." This is a trait, an attribute of a person. In the sentence, "their commitment to creativity" refers to their dedication, but it's more about the act of being committed rather than the trait itself. "Their commitment" could be interpreted as the trait they possess, but typically in such phrases, it's more about the dedication they have. Compare to Sense 2: "the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action" with synonyms allegiance, loyalty, dedication. Example: "his long commitment to public service." This fits "their commitment to 'creativity'" as an emotional/intellectual binding to the cause. Sense 3 is about financial obligation, not relevant. Sense 4 is a message of pledge, not relevant. Sense 5 is about consignment to confinement, not relevant.

Between Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is a character trait (committedness), whereas Sense 2 is the act of binding oneself or the state of allegiance. In context, "their commitment to 'creativity'" is likely their allegiance/dedication, which is more akin to Sense 2. The example for Sense 2: "his long commitment to public service" parallels "their commitment to creativity." So I'll choose Sense 2.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survive
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not <t>survive</t> adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "survive" in the given context. The target lemma is "survive" (but the context says "survive" – likely a typo for "survive"? Actually, the text says "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not <t>survive</t> adolescent illiteracy." So the target is "survive", but the lemma is "survive". Note: The candidate senses are all for "survive", and the context has "survive". So we proceed with "survive". The context: "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy." Meaning: Parents' commitment to creativity cannot withstand or continue in the face of adolescent illiteracy. So we need to choose the best sense.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America

This sense is about continuing to live or exist, especially through hardship. The examples: "We went without water and food for 3 days" (humans surviving without resources) and "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America" (abstract things continuing to exist). The synonyms: last, endure, hold up.

2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds

This sense is specifically about continuing to exist after an adversity, often with a direct object (the adversity). Example: "He survived the cancer." It implies overcoming a specific challenge.

3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?

This sense is about earning a living or subsisting. Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

This sense means to outlive someone. Not applicable.

Now, in the context: "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy." Here, "commitment" is an abstract thing. The sentence says that the commitment cannot survive (i.e., persist, continue to exist) in the face of adolescent illiteracy. It's like saying "cannot withstand" or "cannot endure." The object is "adolescent illiteracy," which is the adversity or condition that prevents the commitment from continuing. This seems similar to sense 1 or 2.

Sense 1: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" – examples include abstract things surviving ("superstitions survive"). It is intransitive or with a locative phrase ("in the backwaters"). The definition is "continue to live through hardship or adversity" – this could be used for both concrete and abstract things. Synonyms: last, endure. The sentence could be rephrased as "Their commitment cannot last through adolescent illiteracy" or "cannot endure adolescent illiteracy."

Sense 2: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" – this is transitive, with the adversity as direct object. Example: "He survived the cancer." Here, "survive" takes a direct object. In our context, "survive" is used with a direct object: "survive adolescent illiteracy." So the syntax matches sense 2: [subject] cannot survive [object-adversity]. Sense 1 is more often intransitive (though "survive" can be transitive in sense 1 too? The examples for sense 1: "We went without water and food for 3 days" – that shows surviving without something, but not necessarily transitive with a direct object of adversity. The example "These superstitions survive in the backwaters" is intransitive. The definition "continue to live through hardship or adversity" might imply a transitive use? Not explicitly, but "through" suggests a condition. Sense 2 explicitly says "after (an adversity, etc.)" and the example is directly transitive. Let's check typical WordNet glosses: Sense 2 is often for "survive" as in "He survived the accident." Sense 1 is often for "survive" as in "We need food to survive" or "The tradition survives." The key distinction: Sense 2 is "pull through, come through" and is typically transitive with the adversity. Sense 1 can be intransitive or transitive with a period ("survive the winter")? But WordNet separates them. Let's see the definitions:

- Sense 1: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" – this could be used transitively: "They survived the war." That would fit sense 1? But sense 2 seems more specific: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" Almost identical. The difference might be that sense 1 emphasizes endurance during the hardship, while sense 2 emphasizes coming out alive after the hardship. But in many contexts, they overlap. The examples: sense 1 has "We went without food and water for 3 days" (no direct object) and "superstitions survive in the backwaters" (intransitive). Sense 2 has "He survived the cancer" (transitive with the adversity). Additionally, the synonyms for sense 2: "pull through, pull round, come through, make it" all imply succeeding in overcoming something. In our context: "commitment cannot survive adolescent illiteracy" – it means the commitment cannot continue to exist in the face of that adversity. It's akin to "withstand" or "endure." The commitment is not a living thing, so it's a figurative use. Both senses can be used figuratively. I think sense 1 is more about continuing to exist (like "last") during hardship, while sense 2 is about coming through an adversity successfully. Since the commitment is not "coming through" something but rather "continuing to exist," sense 1 might be more appropriate. But sense 1's examples are not transitive with the adversity. However, the definition includes "through hardship," which could imply a transitive use. Let's search for typical WordNet differences: In WordNet 3.0, "survive" has these senses. Sense 1: "continue to live; endure or last" – often intransitive. Sense 2: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" – transitive. I recall that in WSD, if the target has a direct object denoting the adversity, it's usually sense 2. For example, "She survived the accident" is sense 2. "She survived on bread and water" is sense 1 or sense 3? Sense 3 is support oneself. So, in our sentence, "survive adolescent illiteracy" – adolescent illiteracy is the adversity, and it is the direct object. That strongly points to sense 2: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)". The commitment cannot "pull through" or "come through" adolescent illiteracy. That fits.

Also, note the sentence: "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy." This is parallel to "He survived the cancer." So sense 2 is the best match.

Thus, I choose sense_index 2.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adolescent
Target surface form: adolescent
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive <t>adolescent</t> illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adolescent%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent | examples=adolescent problems
2. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=being of the age 13 through 19 | synonyms=teen, teenage, teenaged | examples=teenage mothers; the teen years
3. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:02 | definition=displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity | synonyms=jejune, juvenile, puerile | examples=adolescent insecurity; jejune responses to our problems
4. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:01 | definition=in the state of development between puberty and maturity | examples=adolescent boys and girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "adolescent" in the given context. The target is "adolescent" in "adolescent illiteracy". Context: The text discusses "a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves," and the romantic notion of creativity in education leading to a lack of discipline. Then: "Their commitment to 'creativity' cannot survive adolescent illiteracy." Here, "adolescent" modifies "illiteracy". So illiteracy that is characteristic of adolescents. The question: which sense best fits? Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent. Examples: adolescent problems. This sense is the general relational adjective, meaning "of, relating to, or characteristic of an adolescent." This seems plausible: "adolescent illiteracy" means illiteracy that is characteristic of adolescents, i.e., illiteracy among adolescents.

2. being of the age 13 through 19. This is a specific age range sense, similar to "teenage". "adolescent illiteracy" could be interpreted as illiteracy of those aged 13-19. But the context talks about a generation of young people, not specifying exact ages, but generally school-aged. This sense focuses strictly on the age range. The context doesn't emphasize the numeric age; it's more about the developmental stage.

3. displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity. Synonyms: jejune, juvenile, puerile. Examples: adolescent insecurity. This sense is metaphorical, meaning immature, not fully developed. Could "adolescent illiteracy" mean immature illiteracy? That is, illiteracy that is puerile or jejune? That seems odd. Illiteracy itself is a lack of ability, but describing illiteracy as immature? Possibly it means the illiteracy typical of immature individuals, but sense 1 already covers that. This sense is more about behavioral immaturity. The phrase "adolescent illiteracy" likely refers to illiteracy among adolescents, not illiteracy that is itself immature.

4. in the state of development between puberty and maturity. This sense describes the biological developmental stage. "Adolescent boys and girls" refers to individuals in that stage. "Adolescent illiteracy" would mean illiteracy of individuals who are adolescents. This is similar to sense 1 but more specific: sense 1 is a general relational adjective, while sense 4 is "in the state of development". WordNet often has multiple senses for relational adjectives. Sense 1 is "relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent." Sense 4 is more directly: "in the state of development between puberty and maturity." In WordNet, adjectives often have a core sense and then derived senses. For "adolescent", the relational adjective sense (sense 1) is broad, meaning anything pertaining to adolescents, while sense 4 is the descriptive adjective applied to people (e.g., an adolescent boy). When modifying a noun like "illiteracy", it's more likely the relational sense: illiteracy associated with adolescents. But sense 4 could also be used: "adolescent illiteracy" = illiteracy of those who are adolescent. However, WordNet tags sense 4 as "in the state of development between puberty and maturity", which is a predicate adjective usage (e.g., "he is adolescent"). Modifying a mass noun, the relational sense is more typical. But many adjectives have a relational sense that is the first sense. In the given candidates, sense 1 is explicitly "relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent" and the examples: "adolescent problems" – that's exactly parallel to "adolescent illiteracy". So sense 1 seems the best fit.

Sense 3 (immature) is a metaphorical extension, often used for behavior or attitudes. The context doesn't indicate that the illiteracy is being called immature; it's simply stating that the parents' commitment to creativity cannot survive the actual fact of adolescent illiteracy. So sense 1 is the straightforward correct meaning.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illiteracy
Target surface form: illiteracy
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent <t>illiteracy</t>. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:01:: | definition=ignorance resulting from not reading
2. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:00:: | definition=an inability to read | synonyms=analphabetism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Their commitment to 'creativity' cannot survive adolescent illiteracy." The context is about education and the negative effects of prioritizing creativity over disciplined instruction. The target word is "illiteracy". We have two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:01:: | definition=ignorance resulting from not reading
2. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:00:: | definition=an inability to read | synonyms=analphabetism

We need to choose the best indexed sense for this context. Sense 1 is "ignorance resulting from not reading". Sense 2 is "an inability to read". The context says "adolescent illiteracy" and the broader context is about education, reading, etc. The phrase "adolescent illiteracy" most likely refers to the state of being unable to read, which is a more direct sense. However, the context also mentions "ignorance" earlier: "a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence". So there's a connection to ignorance. But note that "ignorance resulting from not reading" is a specific type of ignorance, but the phrase "adolescent illiteracy" likely means the condition of being illiterate (unable to read). Also, note that sense 2 is the primary sense: inability to read. Sense 1 is a derived sense: ignorance resulting from that inability. In context, when saying "cannot survive adolescent illiteracy", it suggests that the commitment to creativity cannot survive the expression of illiteracy among adolescents, meaning the inability to read/write. I think sense 2 is more appropriate. "Illiteracy" here is the state of being illiterate. But let's check: The whole passage criticizes the "creativity" movement in education, which leads to "ignorance and intellectual incompetence". The phrase "cannot survive adolescent illiteracy" means that the romantic notion of creativity doesn't hold up when faced with the reality of adolescents who are illiterate (i.e., unable to read). So it's about the inability to read, not just ignorance. In WordNet, sense 1 is a derived sense from not reading, but the context directly points to the inability. Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

Thus, the answer is sense 2. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: American
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. <t>American</t> education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture | examples=American citizens; American English
2. sense_key=american%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas | examples=the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "american" with surface form "American" in the given context. The target word is used in the phrase "American education's future". The context discusses education in the United States, criticizing current trends and mentioning "American education". So, "American" here clearly refers to the United States of America.

Candidate senses:
1. Sense 1: of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture. Examples: "American citizens; American English"
2. Sense 2: of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas. Examples: "the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna"

In this context, "American education" refers to the education system of the United States, not the broader Americas. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct one.

Return a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American <t>education</t>'s future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "education" in the given context. The context discusses education as it pertains to "creativity" in education, disciplined instruction, parents wanting a decent education for their children, "American education's future", and "the education establishment." The word appears in "American <t>education</t>'s future" – here it refers to the system or the activities of educating, not a personal knowledge base, not the profession per se, nor a federal department, etc. Let's examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. Examples: "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed". This fits "American education's future" – referring to the system/activity of education in America. Also "decent education as traditionally understood" refers to instruction. The context mentions "education establishment" which is the institutional side. This is the broad sense of the process/activities of educating.

2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. Example: "it was clear that he had a very broad education". This refers to a person's acquired knowledge. The text says "get a decent education as traditionally understood" – that could be interpreted as acquiring knowledge, but the phrase "American education's future" suggests the system, not an individual's knowledge. So 2 is not likely the best fit for "American education's future".

3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. Example: "education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's". This could also be about the process, but again "American education's future" is about the system's future, not an individual's process. It's related, but sense 1 is more about the activities/institutions.

4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: definition=the profession of teaching. This is specific to teaching career. "The education establishment" might refer to the teaching profession, but "American education's future" is broader than just the profession; it's the entire system. So not this.

5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior). Example: "a woman of breeding and refinement". Not relevant.

6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education. This is a specific government department. The context says "American education's future" – could be about the Department of Education, but typically "American education" refers to the system as a whole, not the federal department specifically. The phrase "education establishment" might include the department, but it's broader. The context does not mention a federal department explicitly. So unlikely.

Thus, the best fit is sense 1: the activities of educating or instructing; the educational system/process. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's <t>future</t> will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation on the word "future" in the given context. The context is about American education. The sentence: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share." Here, "future" clearly refers to the time yet to come for American education. It is not about a verb tense or bulk commodities. So sense 1 is the correct one.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: determine
Target surface form: determined
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be <t>determined</t> by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=determine%2:31:02:: | definition=shape or influence; give direction to | synonyms=shape, mold, influence, regulate | examples=experience often determines ability; mold public opinion
3. sense_key=determine%2:31:01:: | definition=fix conclusively or authoritatively | synonyms=set | examples=set the rules
4. sense_key=determine%2:32:03:: | definition=decide upon or fix definitely | synonyms=specify, set, define, fix, limit | examples=fix the variables; specify the parameters
5. sense_key=determine%2:31:00:: | definition=reach, make, or come to a decision about something | synonyms=decide, make up one's mind | examples=We finally decided after lengthy deliberations
6. sense_key=determine%2:31:03:: | definition=fix in scope; fix the boundaries of | examples=the tree determines the border of the property
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:05:: | definition=settle conclusively; come to terms | synonyms=settle, square off, square up | examples=We finally settled the argument
8. sense_key=determine%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "determine" and the surface form "determined" in the context. The sentence is: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share." We need to choose the best indexed sense from the list.

Let's analyze the context: "determined by the degree to which we allow this common sense to prevail" means that the future of American education is shaped or influenced by the extent to which we let common sense prevail. It's not about calculating or establishing after study, nor about deciding or fixing conclusively. It's about how the future is influenced or determined (i.e., shaped) by a factor.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=find, find out, ascertain. This doesn't fit because there's no calculation or investigation; it's about the influence of common sense on the future.

2. definition=shape or influence; give direction to | synonyms=shape, mold, influence, regulate | examples=experience often determines ability; mold public opinion. This fits perfectly: "American education's future will be shaped/influenced by the degree to which we allow common sense to prevail."

3. definition=fix conclusively or authoritatively | synonyms=set. This implies setting something like rules, not about future being fixed by a factor.

4. definition=decide upon or fix definitely | synonyms=specify, set, define, fix, limit. Again, too definitive, not about influence.

5. definition=reach, make, or come to a decision about something | synonyms=decide, make up one's mind. This is about someone deciding, not an inanimate factor shaping.

6. definition=fix in scope; fix the boundaries of | example=the tree determines the border of the property. Not relevant.

7. definition=settle conclusively; come to terms | synonyms=settle, square off, square up. Not about settling an argument.

8. definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn. Not about learning something.

Thus, sense 2 is the best match: "shape or influence; give direction to". The phrase "will be determined by" here means "will be shaped/influenced by".

So output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the <t>degree</t> to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "American education's future will be determined by the <t>degree</t> to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share." The phrase "degree to which" is idiomatic, meaning the extent or amount to which something happens. Looking at the candidate senses:

Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (grade, level). Example: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required." This fits the "extent" meaning.

Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (level, stage, point). Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?" This also might seem plausible, but "degree of frankness" is similar. However, "degree to which" typically refers to the extent or level, not a stage in a process.

Sense 3: academic degree. Not relevant.

Sense 4: measure for arcs and angles. Not relevant.

Sense 5: highest power of a term. Not relevant.

Sense 6: unit of temperature. Not relevant.

Sense 7: seriousness of something (e.g., burn or crime). Not relevant.

So the best is sense 1, which captures "extent" or "level". The phrase "degree to which" is asking about the extent or amount. Sense 1 has "grade, level" and example "a high level of care is required", which is analogous to "degree to which we allow common sense to prevail". So answer: sense_index 1.