[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cool
Target surface form: cool
Context:
Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this <t>cool</t> autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cool%3:00:01:: | definition=neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat | examples=a cool autumn day; a cool room
2. sense_key=cool%5:00:00:composed:00 | definition=marked by calm self-control (especially in trying circumstances); unemotional | synonyms=coolheaded, nerveless | examples=play it cool; keep cool
3. sense_key=cool%3:00:03:: | definition=(color) inducing the impression of coolness; used especially of greens and blues and violets | examples=cool greens and blues and violets
4. sense_key=cool%3:00:02:: | definition=psychologically cool and unenthusiastic; unfriendly or unresponsive or showing dislike | examples=relations were cool and polite; a cool reception
5. sense_key=cool%5:00:00:unqualified:02 | definition=(used of a number or sum) without exaggeration or qualification | examples=a cool million bucks
6. sense_key=cool%5:00:00:fashionable:00 | definition=fashionable and attractive at the time; often skilled or socially adept | examples=he's a cool dude; that's cool

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "cool" in the sentence: "But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this <t>cool</t> autumn evening."

Context: The scene is an autumn evening, and church-goers are enjoying the peal of bells. "Cool" describes the autumn evening. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=cool%3:00:01:: | definition=neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat | examples=a cool autumn day; a cool room

This sense directly mentions "a cool autumn day" as an example, which is very similar to "this cool autumn evening." It refers to temperature.

2. sense about calm self-control. Not applicable.

3. sense about color. Not applicable.

4. sense about psychologically cool and unenthusiastic. Not applicable.

5. sense about exaggeration, "a cool million." Not applicable.

6. sense about fashionable/skilled. Not applicable.

Clearly, the correct sense is sense 1, temperature-related.

Thus, the output should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn <t>evening</t>. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "evening" and target surface form "evening". Context: "this cool autumn <t>evening</t>". The sentence: "though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening."

We need to choose among three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake

2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire

3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

In the context, "this cool autumn evening" clearly refers to a specific time of day, the latter part of the day, around sunset or late afternoon into nightfall. It is describing the time when church-goers are enjoying the peal of bells. It is not metaphorical (like "evening of the Roman Empire") and it is not necessarily specifying the early part of night spent in a special way (like an event). It's simply a time of day. Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)". The examples given: "he enjoyed the evening light across the lake" is similar to enjoying the peal of bells on an autumn evening. Sense 3 focuses on the early part of night spent in a special way, but the context doesn't emphasize that it's a special activity; it's just the time when the church-goers are there. So sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Thus, I choose sense_index: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: WandB

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like <t>most</t> of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%3:00:02:: | definition=(superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number | examples=who has the most apples?; most people like eggs
2. sense_key=most%3:00:01:: | definition=the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree | examples=made the most money he could; what attracts the most attention?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "most" in the sentence: "Like <t>most</t> of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own ..."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%3:00:02:: (superlative of 'many' used with count nouns) -> quantifier meaning the greatest in number. Example: most people like eggs.
2. sense_key=most%3:00:01:: (superlative of 'much' used with mass nouns) -> quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree. Example: made the most money he could.

In the context, "most of the other 6,000 churches" refers to a majority of the churches, which are countable entities. "Churches" is a count noun. Therefore, it's about the greatest number of churches, not amount. This matches sense 1. Sense 2 is for mass nouns, like "most money" or "most attention". So sense 1 is correct.

Answer: sense_index: 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the <t>other</t> 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "other" in the given context. The target is "other" in the sentence: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers..."

Let's examine the context: The paragraph describes a church in Aslacton, England, and mentions that it is one of many churches with bells. Then it says: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers..." Here, "other" is used to refer to the remaining churches out of the total 6,000 that have bells. It contrasts with the specific one being mentioned (St. Michael). So sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" fits perfectly: "other" means additional ones besides the one mentioned.

Sense 2: "recently past" (e.g., "the other evening") doesn't fit because there's no temporal reference.

Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" (synonyms: early, former) doesn't fit either.

Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality" doesn't fit; the churches are not strange or unusual, they are just the other ones in the group.

Thus, sense 1 is clearly correct. We need to output JSON with the index: 1.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: churches
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 <t>churches</t> in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "churches" in the context. The target lemma is "church", surface form "churches". The context mentions "6,000 <t>churches</t> in Britain with sets of bells". The target is in the phrase "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers...". So we need to determine which sense of "church" is intended.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church. This refers to a denomination or a sect, like the Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, etc. Example would be "the Methodist Church".

2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty. This refers to the physical building where worship takes place.

3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church. This refers to a religious service or ceremony.

4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week. This refers to the congregation, the people who worship together.

Now, in the context: "6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells". A church with a set of bells is a physical building that has bells in its tower. So it's referring to the physical buildings, not a denomination or a service or a congregation. The phrase "St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers" – St. Michael is the name of the specific church building mentioned earlier. So "churches" here are the church buildings that have bells. Thus, sense 2, church building, is the most appropriate.

Double-check: The text talks about an ancient stone church, the tower, the bells, etc. So it's about the physical place. Sense 2: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" fits perfectly.

Thus, the answer is sense_index 2.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: set
Target surface form: sets
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with <t>sets</t> of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books; a set of golf clubs
2. sense_key=set%1:14:02:: | definition=(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols | examples=the set of prime numbers is infinite
3. sense_key=set%1:04:00:: | definition=several exercises intended to be done in series | synonyms=exercise set | examples=he did four sets of the incline bench press
4. sense_key=set%1:06:00:: | definition=representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production | synonyms=stage set | examples=the sets were meticulously authentic
5. sense_key=set%1:14:01:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=circle, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
6. sense_key=set%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way | synonyms=bent | examples=the set of his mind was obvious
7. sense_key=set%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting something in position | examples=he gave a final set to his hat
8. sense_key=set%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of play in tennis or squash | examples=they played two sets of tennis after dinner
9. sense_key=set%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization | synonyms=hardening, solidifying, solidification, curing | examples=the hardening of concrete; he tested the set of the glue
10. sense_key=set%1:18:00:: | definition=evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris | synonyms=Seth
11. sense_key=set%1:11:00:: | definition=the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon | examples=before the set of sun
12. sense_key=set%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) being temporarily ready to respond in a particular way | synonyms=readiness | examples=the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution; his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set
13. sense_key=set%1:06:01:: | definition=any electronic equipment that receives or transmits radio or tv signals | examples=the early sets ran on storage batteries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The target word is "sets". Context: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers..." So "sets of bells" here refers to a group of bells used together in a church tower. The phrase "sets of bells" indicates a collection or group of bells that belong together. The candidate senses:

1. a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used. Example: a set of books; a set of golf clubs. That fits perfectly: a set of bells.

Let's check others to be sure:
2. mathematics, abstract collection - no.
3. exercises - no.
4. stage scenery - no.
5. unofficial association of people - no, it's about bells, not people. (Though the church had a "band" of ringers, but the phrase "sets of bells" refers to the bells, not the people.)
6. inclination - no.
7. act of putting something in position - no.
8. tennis or squash - no.
9. process of hardening - no.
10. Egyptian god - no.
11. descent of heavenly body - no.
12. psychology readiness - no.
13. electronic equipment - no.

Thus, sense 1 is clearly the intended meaning: a group of things of the same kind that belong together (a set of bells).

So answer: {"sense_index":

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of <t>bells</t>, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service."

The target word is "bells" in the phrase "sets of bells". The context is about church bells. The sentence refers to a set of bells in a church tower, rung by ringers. So it's clearly the physical bells, the metal devices that make ringing sounds. The relevant sense is the one for the hollow metallic device that rings. That is sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". Although sense 3 is "the sound of a bell", here it's "sets of bells", so it's the physical objects. Sense 9 is "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells", but that's specifically an orchestral instrument (chime/gong), not church bells in a tower. The context says "five bells" in the tower, so they are individual bells, not an orchestral chime. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, answer: sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael <t>once</t> had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for "once" in the given context. The target is "once" in the sentence: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers..." So "once" here means "at a previous time" or "formerly". The church used to have its own band of ringers, but now only one local ringer remains. So the sense is "at a previous time". That matches sense 3: definition "at a previous time", synonyms "formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst", examples "at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing". Sense 1 is "on one occasion" which doesn't fit because it's not about a single occasion but a state that existed in the past. Sense 2 "as soon as" is clearly not applicable. Thus, the best indexed sense is 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of <t>ringers</t>, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "ringers" in the given context. The target is "ringers" and the context is about church bell ringers. The text mentions a band of ringers, bell ringing, and a local ringer. The first sense is "a person who rings church bells". This matches perfectly. The other senses are about a look-alike (dead ringer), a contestant under false pretenses, or a horseshoe throw. None of those fit. So the answer is sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sunday
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every <t>Sunday</t> morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: Target lemma: sunday, surface form: Sunday. Context: "herald every Sunday morning and evening service." It mentions church, bells, calling the faithful, so clearly the day of the week. Sense 1: day of the week. Sense 2: a person. So sense_index: 1. Return JSON.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: morning
Target surface form: morning
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday <t>morning</t> and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=morning%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period between dawn and noon | synonyms=morn, morning time, forenoon | examples=I spent the morning running errands
2. sense_key=morning%1:10:00:: | definition=a conventional expression of greeting or farewell | synonyms=good morning
3. sense_key=morning%1:28:01:: | definition=the first light of day | synonyms=dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day | examples=we got up before dawn; they talked until morning
4. sense_key=morning%1:11:00:: | definition=the earliest period | synonyms=dawn | examples=the dawn of civilization; the morning of the world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the sense of "morning" in the given context. The target word is "morning", and it appears in the sentence: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers, who would herald every Sunday <t>morning</t> and evening service." So, it's "Sunday morning". We need to choose the best sense among the four candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. time period between dawn and noon (morn, morning time, forenoon)
2. conventional expression of greeting or farewell (good morning)
3. first light of day (dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day)
4. earliest period (dawn, like dawn of civilization, morning of the world)

In context: "herald every Sunday morning and evening service." It's clearly referring to a time of day when a service occurs. Sunday morning is a specific time period, typically the part of the day before noon. Sense 1 is exactly "the time period between dawn and noon." Sense 3 is more specifically the very first light of day, break of day. "Sunday morning" doesn't necessarily mean exactly at dawn; it could be later in the morning. In the context of church services, "morning service" typically means a service held in the morning, not at the break of dawn. "Morning" here contrasts with "evening service". So sense 1 is more appropriate, as it refers to the time period after dawn up to noon. Sense 3 is more narrow (first light). The sentence says "herald every Sunday morning and evening service" - meaning they would ring the bells to announce both services. So "morning" here is a time period. Sense 2 is an expression, not applicable. Sense 4 is metaphorical, not applicable.

Thus, I select sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and <t>evening</t> service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "evening" with target surface form "evening" in the given context. The context is a narrative excerpt describing a scene in a village, Aslacton, England, with an ancient church, bells, and parishioners. The specific sentence containing "evening" is: "But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening."

We have three candidate senses from WordNet:
1. Time of day: the latter part of the day (decreasing daylight) - literal evening time. Synonyms: eve, even, eventide. Example: "he enjoyed the evening light across the lake"
2. A later concluding time period (metaphorical): "it was the evening of the Roman Empire"
3. Early part of night spent in a special way: "an evening at the opera"

Now, analyze the context: "enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening" - clearly refers to a specific time of day (cool autumn evening) when it is dark or getting dark, and bells are rung. This is literal, not metaphorical. It mentions "this cool autumn evening" describing the time of day. It is not a special event "evening at the opera", but a simple time description. So sense 1 fits best.

Sense 2 is metaphorical for decline; not applicable. Sense 3 refers to a social evening spent in a special way; here, people are enjoying bells as they go to church, but it's not an "evening at the opera" type planned event; it's the natural evening time.

Thus, sense 1 is correct.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening <t>service</t>. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "service" in the given context. The target lemma is "service", surface form "service". The context is: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening <t>service</t>." The sentence indicates that the band of ringers would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Here, "service" refers to a religious service, specifically the evensong or Sunday service. The context mentions "calling the faithful to evensong", "the parishioners", "church", "bells", "ringers". So it's clearly a religious worship service. Among the candidate senses, sense 3 is "the act of public worship following prescribed rules" with synonyms "religious service, divine service" and example "the Sunday service". That fits perfectly. So the best sense is 3.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: Now
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. <t>Now</t>, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "now" with surface form "Now" in a specific context. The context is a narrative describing a rural church scene, contrasting past and present. The sentence with the target: "<t>Now</t>, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond." This is clearly contrasting the past when St. Michael had its own band of ringers with the present situation where only one local ringer remains. So "now" indicates the present time, as opposed to the past. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: definition: in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events. Examples: President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware. This sense is used in narrative when telling past events as if they are happening now, the historical present. But the context here is not narrating past events in the historical present; it's contrasting past and present. The preceding text says "Like most of the other 6,000 churches ... St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers..." Then "<t>Now</t>, only one local ringer remains..." This is a direct contrast between past (once) and present (now). So it's not the historical present tense usage. The examples involve historical events told in present tense narrative, which is not the case here. The overall narrative might be in present tense, but the "now" is not used to mark a point in a historical narrative; it's contrasting "once" with the current situation.

2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: definition: in these times; - Nancy Mitford. Synonyms: nowadays, today. Examples: "it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets". This sense means "in the present era, in modern times". The context: "Now, only one local ringer remains" implies at the present time, as opposed to the past when there was a full band. This fits well.

3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: used to preface a command or reproof or request. Examples: "now hear this!; now pay attention". This is clearly not the usage here; it's not a command.

4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: at the present moment. Synonyms: at present. Examples: "goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator". This sense could also fit: "at the present moment, only one local ringer remains." It's similar to sense 2 but slightly different. Sense 2 is "in these times" (nowadays), a broader time frame, while sense 4 is "at the present moment" (right now). The context says "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere." This seems to refer to the current situation, maybe specifically the time of the described event. The narrative is describing a particular evening: "this cool autumn evening". The ringer situation is described as the current state: only one local ringer remains at this time. The word "now" here contrasts with the past when they had their own band. It could be interpreted as "at the present time" (nowadays) or "at the present moment." Let's examine the difference. Sense 2: "in these times" implies a general present era. Sense 4: "at the present moment" more immediate. The example "goods now on sale" suggests right currently. The context says "only one local ringer remains" – this is a state that is true now, but likely has been true for some time and continues. The phrase "today" is used in the next sentence: "The others here today live elsewhere." So "now" is aligning with the present time. I think both senses 2 and 4 are plausible. We need to choose the single best.

Sense 1: Definitely not; it's not historical present.
Sense 3: No.
Sense 5: immediately, without delay. Not applicable.
Sense 6: prefatory/transitional indicating change of subject. Could be argued it's a transition from discussing the past to the present, but the example "Now the next problem is..." is different; it's shifting topics. Here, it's a contrast within the same topic, not a subject change.
Sense 7: in the immediate past, "told me just now". Not applicable.

Between sense 2 and sense 4, which is more precise? Note that WordNet glosses are schematic. Sense 2 "nowadays, today" suggests "in these times", whereas sense 4 "at the present moment" is glossed as "at present". The example for sense 4: "goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator" – the "now-aging" is a modifier, but "goods now on sale" is similar to "only one local ringer remains". The context is set on a specific evening, but the fact that only one local ringer remains is not just at that moment, it's a general current situation. The use of "now" often contrasts with "once" earlier. I think both are possible, but we must pick one. Let's check definitions from the sense keys. The sense keys are from WordNet. Original WordNet definitions for these complement:
- now%4:02:00%: "in these times; 'it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished'; 'we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets'; 'today almost every home has television'" (WordNet gloss for sense 1? Let's see: In WordNet 3.0, "now" as adverb has these senses:
1. now: (in the historical present) ...
2. now: (in these times) "it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished" - Nancy Mitford; "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets"; "today almost every home has television" -- synset: now, nowadays, today
3. now: (used to preface a command or reproof or request) "now hear this!"; "now pay attention"
4. now: (at the present moment) "goods now on sale"; "the now-aging dictator"; "they are now abroad"; "he is busy at present writing a new novel"; "it could happen any time now" -- synset: now, at present
5. now: (without delay or hesitation) ... immediately, instantly, etc.
6. now: (prefatory or transitional) ...
7. now: (in the immediate past) "told me just now"

So senses 2 and 4 are distinct. Sense 2: "in these times" (nowadays, today) means in the current era as opposed to past eras. Sense 4: "at the present moment" means right now. In the context, "Now, only one local ringer remains" is part of a narrative describing a current scene but contrasting with past practice. It probably means "at the present time" in a broader sense, though the narrative is set on a particular evening. The phrase "only one local ringer remains" suggests a state of affairs that is generally true now, not just at this moment. They could have said "Nowadays, only one local ringer remains." Indeed, the example for sense 2 includes "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets" which is a general statement about the present era. Similarly, "Now, only one local ringer remains" is similar: "now" = "in these times". It's not exactly "at this very moment" because the ringer's status is persistent. Also, the next sentence "The others here today live elsewhere" uses "today" which aligns with "now" as "in these times". So sense 2 seems more appropriate.

But let's consider sense 4's example: "they are now abroad" – that could be a current state. "goods now on sale" – that is a state at the present time, not necessarily forever. The boundary is subtle. However, the WordNet examples for "now" in the "in these times" sense show a contrast with historical periods: "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles" implies in modern times. The contrast here with "once" is exactly that. So I'll go with sense 2.

Double-check: The target word is "Now" at beginning of sentence, capitalized. It could be a transition word, but the context shows it's contrasting "once" with the present. No transition to a new subject; it's the same subject (ringers). So sense 6 is not it.

Thus, I'll select sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, <t>only</t> one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "only" in a specific context. Context: The passage describes a church with bells. In the past, churches had their own band of ringers, but now only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. The target is "only" in "<t>only</t> one local ringer remains". We need to disambiguate.

The senses:

1. and nothing more (merely, simply, just, but) - example: I was merely asking.
2. without any others being included or involved (entirely, exclusively, solely, alone) - example: was entirely to blame.
3. with nevertheless the final result - example: He arrived only to find his wife dead.
4. in the final outcome - example: These news will only make you more upset.
5. except that - example: It was the same story; only this time she came out better.
6. never except when (only if, only when) - example: call me only if your cold gets worse.
7. as recently as - example: I spoke to him only an hour ago.

In "only one local ringer remains", "only" is modifying "one". It means that no more than one remains; it's exclusive. That fits sense 2: without any others being included or involved. Synonyms: exclusively, solely, alone. "Only one" indicates that there is solely one. Sense 1 (merely) would imply "just one" but more in a sense of "just one" as in merely one, but sense 2 emphasizes exclusivity. In this context, it's highlighting the contrast that now there's just one local ringer while the others are from elsewhere. So "exclusively one local ringer". That is sense 2. Sense 1 might also be plausible, but sense 2's definition "without any others being included or involved" fits better because it's about inclusion/exclusion. "Only one local ringer remains" means the set of local ringers is exactly one, no others. So I'd go with sense index 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one <t>local</t> ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "local" in the context. The target word is "local" modifying "ringer" (person who rings bells). The sentence: "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere." So "local" means from that area, as opposed to the others who come from elsewhere. That fits sense 2: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood. Sense 1 is about administrative areas, which doesn't fit. Sense 3 is medical. So sense 2 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local <t>ringer</t> remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation on the target word "ringer" in the given context. The context describes a scene in a rural English church with bells, and mentions that only one local ringer remains. The candidate senses are provided with definitions and synonyms.

Looking at the context: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond."

Clearly, "ringer" here refers to a person who rings church bells. Sense 1 is "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms "toller, bell ringer". That fits perfectly. The other senses (look-alike, contestant under false pretenses, horseshoe throw) are unrelated.

Thus, the best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remain
Target surface form: remains
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer <t>remains</t>: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "remains" in the context. The target word is "remains" as in the sentence: "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond." The senses are given with definitions, synonyms, examples.

Let's analyze the context: The passage talks about a church having a band of ringers, but now only one local ringer is left. The sense is about someone being left or still present after others have gone. So "remains" here means "is left" or "still exists".

Look at the candidate senses:
1. stay the same; remain in a certain state. Example: The dress remained wet. This is about not changing state. Not applicable here.
2. continue in a place, position, or situation. Synonyms: stay, stay on, continue. Example: After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge. This could fit: he continues to be a local ringer? But the context emphasizes that only one is left out of the original band. It's more about being the one who is still there after the others have left, not about continuing in a position voluntarily. Sense 2 implies continuing in a role or place by choice or circumstance, but here it's about being the remaining one.
3. be left; of persons, questions, problems, etc. Example: Carter remains the only President... This matches perfectly: "only one local ringer remains" means he is the one left. The definition says "be left; of persons..." and the example "Carter remains the only President..." directly mirrors "only one local ringer remains". So this is the sense of being the leftover, the sole remaining one.
4. stay behind. Synonyms: persist, stay. Example: The smell stayed in the room. This is more about something lingering or staying after an event, not about being the only one left.

Sense 3 is clearly the best. So answer: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others <t>here</t> today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "here" in the given context. The target word appears as "here" in the phrase: "The others <t>here</t> today live elsewhere." But note: the target is "here" and the context includes "here" multiple times. The specific instance with the tag <t>here</t> is "The others <t>here</t> today live elsewhere." But the sentence says: "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others <t>here</t> today live elsewhere." So "here" refers to the location where the others are today, but they actually live elsewhere. That is, they are present here (at the church) today, but they do not live here (in the village). So the sense is "in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is" (sense 1). But we need to confirm if any other sense fits.

Sense 2: "in this circumstance or respect" – not really, it's about physical location.
Sense 3: "to this place" – that would imply motion, but "here" is stative, not directional. "The others here today" means the others who are here today, not coming here.
Sense 4: "at this time; now" – "here" might be interpreted temporally with "today" but "here today" together, "here" is still locative. "The others here today" means the others present here today. So it's location.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best match. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here <t>today</t> live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Target lemma: today", "Target surface form: today", and context: "The parishioners ... The others here <t>today</t> live elsewhere."

We need to disambiguate between two senses:

Sense 1: sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
Sense 2: sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

In the context: "The others here today live elsewhere." It means on this particular day (the cool autumn evening when the church service is happening), the other ringers live elsewhere, but they are here on this day. The sense is the specific day, not the present age. So sense 2 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today <t>live</t> elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "The others here today <t>live</t> elsewhere." The context: The others (ringers) here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers... who drive every Sunday from church to church... So "live" here means they reside, they are inhabitants of other places. The sense needed is "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of". That matches sense 1: definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of. The context: "live elsewhere" means they live (inhabit) elsewhere. The examples for sense 1: "People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted" show usage with a location. The verb is used similarly: they live elsewhere. So sense 1 is correct.

We need to output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a <t>group</t> of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "group" in the given context. The target lemma is "group" and surface form is "group". The context: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers ..." So here, "group" refers to a collection of people (ringers). The candidate senses:
1. Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit. Synonyms: grouping. This fits perfectly: a group of 15 ringers is a collection of individuals considered as a unit.
2. Chemistry sense: atoms bound together. Not relevant.
3. Mathematical group: a set with closure, associativity, identity, inverses. Not relevant.
So sense 1 is correct. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 <t>ringers</t> -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "ringer" and surface form "ringers". In the text, we have the context about bell ringing at a church. The passage talks about bell ringers who ring church bells. The target word is <t>ringers</t> in the sentence: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church..." Clearly, the context is about people who ring church bells. The first sense is "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms "toller, bell ringer". That fits perfectly. The other senses are about a dead ringer, a contestant under false pretenses, or a horseshoe throw. There is no mention of those. So the best indexed sense is 1. Then we return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: include
Target surface form: including
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- <t>including</t> two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=include%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a part, be made up out of | examples=The list includes the names of many famous writers
2. sense_key=include%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as part of something | examples=I include you in the list of culprits
3. sense_key=include%2:30:00:: | definition=add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category | examples=We must include this chemical element in the group
4. sense_key=include%2:41:03:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=admit, let in | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "include" and a target surface form "including" in a specific context. The context talks about a group of 15 ringers, and the sentence: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- <t>including</t> two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday ..." So "including" here is used to indicate that the group contains these specific members. The sense we need is about being part of a group or set. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=include%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a part, be made up out of | examples=The list includes the names of many famous writers. This fits very well: the group includes two octogenarians and four youngsters. It means the group has these as parts/members.

2. sense_key=include%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as part of something | examples=I include you in the list of culprits. This sense is more about mental consideration, not about actual membership. The context is stating a fact about the composition of the group, not someone considering them as part. So not the best.

3. sense_key=include%2:30:00:: | definition=add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category | examples=We must include this chemical element in the group. This sense is about actively adding something to a group, an action of inclusion. In the context, the group already includes these people; it's not an action of adding them. The group exists and the sentence describes its composition. So sense 1 is more stative (have as a part) while sense 3 is dynamic (add as a part). The context is describing the current composition, not an act of adding. So 1 is better.

4. sense_key=include%2:41:03:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=admit, let in | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar. This is about granting permission or rights, which doesn't fit here. The context doesn't suggest any admission process; it's just listing who is in the group.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit. The surface form is "including", which is often used to introduce examples or members of a group, matching "have as a part". So I'll select sense_index: 1.

I need to return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: training
Target surface form: training
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in <t>training</t> -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming
2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "training%1:04:00::" and "training%1:07:00::". The target word is "training" in the context: "four youngsters in training". The sentence describes ringers, who are learning to ring bells. "training" here means activity leading to skilled behavior (preparation, grooming). The other sense is about upbringing and social behavior (education, breeding). So sense 1 fits. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drive
Target surface form: drive
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who <t>drive</t> every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drive%2:38:01:: | definition=operate or control a vehicle | examples=drive a car or bus; Can you drive this four-wheel truck?
2. sense_key=drive%2:38:00:: | definition=travel or be transported in a vehicle | synonyms=motor | examples=We drove to the university every morning; They motored to London for the theater
3. sense_key=drive%2:38:02:: | definition=cause someone or something to move by driving | examples=She drove me to school every day; We drove the car to the garage
4. sense_key=drive%2:35:00:: | definition=force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically | synonyms=force, ram | examples=She rammed her mind into focus; He drives me mad
5. sense_key=drive%2:41:02:: | definition=to compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly | examples=She is driven by her passion
6. sense_key=drive%2:35:11:: | definition=cause to move back by force or influence | synonyms=repel, repulse, force back, push back, beat back | examples=repel the enemy; push back the urge to smoke
7. sense_key=drive%2:36:00:: | definition=compel somebody to do something, often against his own will or judgment | examples=She finally drove him to change jobs
8. sense_key=drive%2:35:07:: | definition=push, propel, or press with force | examples=Drive a nail into the wall
9. sense_key=drive%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to move rapidly by striking or throwing with force | examples=drive the ball far out into the field
10. sense_key=drive%2:41:00:: | definition=strive and make an effort to reach a goal | synonyms=tug, labor, labour, push | examples=She tugged for years to make a decent living; We have to push a little to make the deadline!
11. sense_key=drive%2:32:00:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=get, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
12. sense_key=drive%2:42:00:: | definition=have certain properties when driven | synonyms=ride | examples=This car rides smoothly; My new truck drives well
13. sense_key=drive%2:41:13:: | definition=work as a driver | examples=He drives a bread truck; She drives for the taxi company in Newark
14. sense_key=drive%2:38:09:: | definition=move by being propelled by a force | examples=The car drove around the corner
15. sense_key=drive%2:38:10:: | definition=urge forward | examples=drive the cows into the barn
16. sense_key=drive%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=take | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
17. sense_key=drive%2:35:03:: | definition=strike with a driver, as in teeing off | examples=drive a golf ball
18. sense_key=drive%2:35:02:: | definition=hit very hard, as by swinging a bat horizontally | examples=drive a ball
19. sense_key=drive%2:35:06:: | definition=excavate horizontally | examples=drive a tunnel
20. sense_key=drive%2:34:07:: | definition=cause to function by supplying the force or power for or by controlling | examples=The amplifier drives the tube; steam drives the engines
21. sense_key=drive%2:33:01:: | definition=hunting: search for game | examples=drive the forest
22. sense_key=drive%2:33:00:: | definition=hunting: chase from cover into more open ground | examples=drive the game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "drive" in the given context. The context: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who <t>drive</t> every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding..." The word "drive" here is used with "every Sunday from church to church", indicating movement by vehicle likely. The ringers drive from church to church every Sunday. This is a movement or travel by vehicle.

Looking at the senses:
1. operate or control a vehicle (drive a car)
2. travel or be transported in a vehicle (We drove to the university)
3. cause someone or something to move by driving (She drove me to school)
... etc.

The context sentence: "who drive every Sunday from church to church" - they are traveling from church to church. This matches sense 2: "travel or be transported in a vehicle". Example: "We drove to the university every morning". They are driving themselves to different churches.

Sense 1: "operate or control a vehicle" is also possible, but the focus is on the travel aspect rather than the operation. Sense 2 is specifically about travel/transport in a vehicle. The phrase "drive every Sunday from church to church" indicates their movement from place to place. They are driving themselves presumably, but the verb intransitive use "drive from church to church" aligns with sense 2.

Sense 3 would be if there is an object specified, like "drive someone", but here it's intransitive. So sense 2 is the best fit.

Thus, I'll output {"sense_index": 2}.