[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: making
Target surface form: making
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy <t>making</t>, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "making" in the given context. The target word appears in the phrase "national policy making". The sentence: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office." And then: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

Here, "making" is used as a noun. The phrase "policy making" refers to the process of creating or formulating policy. So the sense is about the act of creating or producing something. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. making%1:04:00:: definition: the act that results in something coming to be; synonyms: devising, fashioning; examples: "the devising of plans", "the fashioning of pots and pans". This seems to fit perfectly: "policy making" is the act of making policy, the act of devising policy.

2. making%1:07:00:: definition: an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something; synonyms: qualification; examples: "her qualifications for the job are excellent", "one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree". This doesn't fit at all. "Policy making" is not about qualifications.

3. making%1:06:00:: definition: (usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something; examples: "the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake". This refers to components, ingredients. Not applicable to "policy making".

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. The phrase "national policy making" refers to the act of making national policy.

Thus, the answer is sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicate
Target surface form: indicates
Context:
Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory <t>indicates</t> why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicate%2:32:01:: | definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis
2. sense_key=indicate%2:32:03:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
3. sense_key=indicate%2:32:00:: | definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
4. sense_key=indicate%2:32:02:: | definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work
5. sense_key=indicate%2:32:04:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "indicates" in the given context. The target lemma is "indicate", surface form "indicates". The context: "Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office." So, the theory is explaining or suggesting a reason. Let's analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=indicate%2:32:01:: | definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis. This sense is about being a sign or symptom, often in a medical or evidential context. The theory is not a symptom; it's more of an explanation.

2. sense_key=indicate%2:32:03:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space. This is about pointing to something physically or figuratively. The theory isn't pointing to a place or thing.

3. sense_key=indicate%2:32:00:: | definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter. This means to express or state something, often in words. The theory might be stating something, but it's not "briefly stating" a wish; it's explaining a reason.

4. sense_key=indicate%2:32:02:: | definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work. This sense is about providing evidence or suggesting a conclusion. The theory is giving evidence or arguing why the Republican Party may have a difficult time. This fits well.

5. sense_key=indicate%2:32:04:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases. This is a medical sense, meaning to recommend treatment. Not applicable.

In the context, "the theory indicates why..." means the theory provides evidence or suggests a reason. It's not just stating briefly; it's giving evidence or pointing to a conclusion. Sense 4 fits: "give evidence of" with synonyms "argue", examples "The results indicate the need for more work". So sense 4 is the best match.

Thus, the chosen sense index is 4.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attracting
Context:
Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time <t>attracting</t> viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "attracting" in the sentence: "the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office." The target lemma is "attract", surface form "attracting". The context is about political candidates, viability, and the Republican Party's difficulty in getting candidates to run.

We have three candidate senses:
1. Direct toward oneself by means of psychological power or physical attributes. Synonyms: pull, pull in, draw, draw in. Example: "Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers."
2. Be attractive to. Synonyms: appeal. Example: "The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people."
3. Exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach. Example: gravitational pull.

Now, in context: "attracting viable candidates" means getting viable candidates to run for office. The Republican Party wants to draw in candidates. This is similar to "pull in" or "draw in" as in sense 1. Sense 2 is about being appealing, but the focus here is on the party's active effort to bring candidates in. The example in sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers" is very analogous: the party's recruitment efforts pull in candidates. Sense 2 is more about inherent attractiveness (the garden attracted people, the idea appeals). Here, it's about the party's difficulty in getting candidates, which aligns more with the active "pull in" sense. Sense 3 is physical force, clearly not.

Thus, sense 1 is the best match.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable <t>candidates</t> for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "candidates" in the given context. The two candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

The context: "Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable <t>candidates</t> for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

The target is "candidates" referring to people running for congressional office. Both senses are about politics and running for office. Sense 1 specifically says "a politician who is running for public office". Sense 2 is broader: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" with synonym "prospect". In this context, "viable candidates for congressional office" clearly means people who could run for office. They are potential candidates. The phrase "Potential candidates" later reinforces that it's about people who might run. Sense 1 is more specific to running for office, while sense 2 is more general about being considered. Since they are talking about attracting candidates to run, they are specifically politicians who are running. The synonym "prospect" in sense 2 could fit, but sense 1 is directly about running for public office. Given the context, sense 1 seems like the better fit because it explicitly says "running for public office". Sense 2 includes "office" but as something they are considered for, not necessarily running. However, in the context of elections, both are similar. But sense 1 is more precise: a candidate is a politician running. So I'll select sense 1.

Thus the answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: office
Context:
Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional <t>office</t>. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "office" in the phrase "congressional office" within the given context. The sentence: "Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office." We need to choose the best sense from the given list.

Let's analyze the context. The entire passage discusses legislators, congressional representatives, and their behavior. It talks about "security in office" earlier, referring to legislators' tenure or position. "Congressional office" here refers to a position or job in Congress, such as being a member of the House or Senate. The phrase "attracting viable candidates for congressional office" means getting good candidates to run for positions in Congress. So it's about a job or elected position.

Now, look at the candidate senses:
1. Place of business (physical office).
2. Administrative unit of government (like an agency).
3. Actions/activities required (function).
4. Holding an office means being in power (state of being in a governmental position).
5. Office staff (people).
6. Religious rite.
7. A job in an organization (position, post).

Sense 7: "a job in an organization" with synonyms: position, post, berth, spot, billet, place. Example: "he occupied a post in the treasury". This fits perfectly: running for a congressional office means seeking a job/position in Congress.

Sense 4: "holding an office means being in power", with example: "being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage". This sense emphasizes the state of being in power, not the position itself. But here, "candidates for congressional office" implies they are seeking the position, not necessarily the state of power. However, the two senses are closely related. Sense 4 is about being in office (the power), sense 7 is about the job itself. The phrase "candidates for office" is standard: people running for a position. The WordNet examples for sense 4 include "during his first year in office" which shows the state. Sense 7's examples: "he occupied a post in the treasury" suggests the position itself. In the sentence, "attracting viable candidates for congressional office" means getting people to run for the position/job. So sense 7 seems more direct.

Earlier in the text: "security in office" – that uses sense 4 maybe, or sense 7? "Security in office" means job security in their position. But that phrase often goes with sense 4? Let's see: sense 4 definition: "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power". That's a bit abstract. Sense 7 is a job. In typical usage, "office" as an elected position is a sense of "a position of authority or trust". WordNet 3.1 has: "office%1:04:02::" as a job in an organization, which includes political positions. Also there is a sense "office%1:06:01::" for a governmental position? Not listed. In the candidate list, sense 4 is "holding an office means being in power" – that seems more like the abstract concept of incumbency. Sense 7 is the concrete position.

Given the context "candidates for congressional office", it aligns with sense 7: a job/position. The synonyms "position, post" are perfect. So I'll select sense_index 7.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potential
Target surface form: Potential
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. <t>Potential</t> candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "potential" and the surface form "Potential" in a specific context. We need to choose the best indexed sense from the two provided candidate senses.

Context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

We look at the two senses:

1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients

In the phrase "Potential candidates", it refers to people who might become candidates, i.e., they are prospective candidates, likely to become candidates. Sense 2 says "expected to become or be; in prospect", and gives "potential clients" as an example. "Potential candidates" is very similar to "potential clients" – people who might become candidates/clients. Sense 1 is more general: "existing in possibility", but sense 2 is more specific to people or things that are expected to become something. In this context, "potential Republican candidates" are those who might run for office, so they are prospective candidates. Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "candidate" with surface form "candidates" in a context about congressional elections, specifically discussing potential candidates for office. The two candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

We need to choose the best sense based on context. The context says: "the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running ..." and later "potential Republican candidates ...". Here, "candidates" refers to people who might run for office, i.e., they are being considered for the office, but it's not explicitly saying they are currently running. Sense 2 is "someone who is considered for something" which fits the "potential candidates" or "viable candidates" who are being recruited to run. Sense 1 is specifically a politician who is running for public office. The context mentions "potential Republican candidates" and "attracting viable candidates" – these are people who might be persuaded to run, not yet running incumbents. So sense 2 seems more appropriate because it's about being considered for an office. The synonyms for sense 2 include "prospect", which aligns with "potential candidates". Sense 1 has "campaigner, nominee" which implies active campaign. The context also mentions "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" but that is about prospective candidates considering the risk. So I think sense 2 is better.

Thus, answer: sense_index: 2.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discourage
Target surface form: discouraged
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be <t>discouraged</t> from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discourage%2:32:01:: | definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
2. sense_key=discourage%2:37:00:: | definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged
3. sense_key=discourage%2:32:02:: | definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | synonyms=warn, admonish, monish | examples=I warned him not to go too far; I warn you against false assumptions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "discouraged" in the given context. We are to choose from three candidate senses. The target word appears in the sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent." So we need to determine which sense of "discourage" is used here.

Let's examine the three candidate senses:

Sense 1: sense_key=discourage%2:32:01:: | definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
This sense means to deter or dissuade. You discourage someone from doing something by trying to prevent them from doing it.

Sense 2: sense_key=discourage%2:37:00:: | definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged.
This sense means to make someone feel disheartened or to lose confidence.

Sense 3: sense_key=discourage%2:32:02:: | definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | synonyms=warn, admonish, monish | examples=I warned him not to go too far; I warn you against false assumptions
This sense means to warn or admonish someone about their behavior, often with advice not to do something.

Now, the context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent." Here, the phrase "discouraged from running" indicates that something is deterring them from running. The prospect of defeat is what might prevent them from running. This is clearly about deterrence or prevention, not about feeling disheartened or being warned. Even though a sense of feeling discouraged might also be implied, the construction "discouraged from running" with "from" indicates that something is dissuading them. However, Sense 1 specifically mentions "try to prevent; show opposition to", and synonyms include "deter". Sense 3 is about admonishing or warning someone about their behavior, which might be used in a context like "I discouraged him from going" meaning I warned him not to go. Sense 2 is about taking away hope, which would make someone feel discouraged, but that sense typically uses "discourage" without "from" or with a different object. For example, "He felt discouraged by the news." That doesn't fit "discouraged from running".

In the sentence, "may be discouraged from running" implies that something is deterring them. Sense 1 fits well because it's about deterring or preventing. Sense 3 is about warning, but "deter" is a synonym for Sense 1, not Sense 3. However, the definitions of Sense 1 and Sense 3 are similar. Let's look at the WordNet structure:

discourage%2:32:01:: (Sense 1) verb.communication: try to prevent; show opposition to. Synonyms: deter, discourage (e.g., "We should discourage this practice among our youth"). This is communication, emphasizing expressing opposition to try to prevent something.

discourage%2:32:02:: (Sense 3) verb.communication: admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior. Synonyms: warn, admonish, monish. Example: "I warned him not to go too far."

discourage%2:37:00:: (Sense 2) verb.emotion: deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged. Example: "The news discouraged him."

In the target context, "discouraged from running" signals a sense of being deterred. Which sense specifically captures that? Sense 1 explicitly lists "deter" as a synonym and defines it as "try to prevent; show opposition to". Sense 3 is about warning or admonishing behavior, but that's a more specific kind of deterrence through communication. In the context, it's not necessarily communication; the prospect of defeat itself is the deterrent. The passive "may be discouraged from running" could be due to circumstances, not someone warning them. So Sense 1 is broader and more appropriate.

Additionally, the preposition "from" is commonly used with "discourage" meaning deterrence: "discourage someone from doing something". Sense 1 fits that pattern best. Sense 3 is more about verbal warning. Sense 2 is emotional.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

Feelings: We need to output a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.

But keys: We must just output the number, but as an index, we pick the sense number from the list. In the list, they labeled the senses with 1,2,3. So, sense_index: 1.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: run
Target surface form: running
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from <t>running</t> less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. sense_key=run%2:41:01:: | definition=make without a miss
25. sense_key=run%2:40:06:: | definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. sense_key=run%2:38:10:: | definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. sense_key=run%2:38:08:: | definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. sense_key=run%2:38:03:: | definition=sail before the wind
29. sense_key=run%2:38:05:: | definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. sense_key=run%2:42:05:: | definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. sense_key=run%2:41:04:: | definition=set animals loose to graze
32. sense_key=run%2:38:02:: | definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. sense_key=run%2:38:06:: | definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. sense_key=run%2:38:13:: | definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. sense_key=run%2:38:09:: | definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. sense_key=run%2:33:02:: | definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. sense_key=run%2:33:01:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. sense_key=run%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. sense_key=run%2:30:00:: | definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. sense_key=run%2:30:01:: | definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. sense_key=run%2:30:04:: | definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "run" with the surface form "running" in a given context. The target instance is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from <t>running</t> less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

We need to choose the best sense from the list of candidate senses (1 to 41). The context discusses political candidates and the decision to run for office. The phrase "discouraged from running" clearly refers to the act of competing for an elected position. Looking at the candidate senses, sense 9: "run, stand, or compete for an office or a position" with synonyms "campaign" and example "Who's running for treasurer this year?" matches perfectly.

No other sense fits the context of a political campaign. So we choose sense 9.

Finally, return JSON: {"sense_index": 9}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prospect
Target surface form: prospect
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the <t>prospect</t> of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prospect%1:26:00:: | definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=chance | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent
2. sense_key=prospect%1:09:01:: | definition=belief about (or mental picture of) the future | synonyms=expectation, outlook
3. sense_key=prospect%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=candidate
4. sense_key=prospect%1:09:00:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
5. sense_key=prospect%1:04:00:: | definition=a prediction of the course of a disease | synonyms=prognosis, medical prognosis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense." Context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent." So the target word is "prospect". We have five candidate senses.

Sense 1: "the possibility of future success" – synonyms: chance. Example: "his prospects as a writer are excellent". Here it's plural "prospects", but the target is singular "prospect". In context, "prospect of defeat", meaning the likelihood or possibility of defeat. This seems plausible.

Sense 2: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future" – synonyms: expectation, outlook. That could also fit: the prospect of defeat means the expectation of defeat.

Sense 3: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" – synonyms: candidate. That doesn't fit because it's about a person, not an event.

Sense 4: visual percept of a region – no.

Sense 5: a prediction of the course of a disease – no.

Now between Sense 1 and Sense 2: "prospect of defeat" – is it the possibility or the belief? Sense 1 emphasizes "possibility of future success", but here it's defeat, so it's a negative outcome. The definition says "success", but the example shows "prospects as a writer" implying chances of success. In context, it's the chance/possibility of defeat. Sense 2 is more about a mental picture or expectation. The phrase "prospect of defeat" often means the likelihood or anticipation of defeat. The difference: Sense 1 is objective possibility, Sense 2 is subjective belief. The context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged... by the prospect of defeat..." It's the idea of defeat, the likelihood, that discourages them. Which sense is more likely? WordNet often differentiates: sense 1 is "possibility", sense 2 is "expectation". In the sentence, "prospect of defeat" is something that potential candidates consider. It can be interpreted as "the chance of defeat" (sense 1) or "the expectation of defeat" (sense 2). But note that sense 1 is specifically defined as "the possibility of future success", so it's tied to success, not failure. The example: "his prospects as a writer are excellent" implies chances of success. If we take it literally, sense 1 is only for positive outcomes. However, sometimes it can be extended to any possibility. Sense 2 is "belief about (or mental picture of) the future" – this includes both positive and negative. So "prospect of defeat" fits better with sense 2: a mental picture or expectation of defeat. Sense 1's synonyms: chance. "Chance of defeat" works, but the definition is limited to "success". I'll check the nuances: WordNet is lexical, and sometimes senses are fine-grained. Sense 2 includes "outlook" as a synonym. "Outlook" often implies a prediction. The context is about a rational calculation: potential candidates are discouraged by the prospect (likelihood) of defeat. Both chance and expectation are close. But typically, in WordNet, "prospect" in the sense of "something expected" is sense 2. For example, "the prospect of having to work all weekend" would be sense 2. I'd lean toward sense 2.

Let's see: sense_index 2 is the second one listed: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future". That seems to be the most appropriate here. Sense 1 is specifically "possibility of future success", which doesn't match "defeat". So I'll go with 2.

The answer should be a JSON object like {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defeat
Target surface form: defeat
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of <t>defeat</t> at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "defeat" with two candidate senses. The context contains multiple instances of "defeat" but the marked one is in the sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent." We need to choose the best sense for this instance.

Sense 1: "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" with synonyms "licking" and example "it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat." This refers to the outcome of a contest (like an election).

Sense 2: "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals" with synonyms "frustration." This refers to the emotional feeling.

In the context: "prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" – here "defeat" is the outcome of losing the election. It's not primarily about the feeling, but the event of losing. The prospect is facing the possibility of losing the election. So sense 1 fits best.

Thus, the answer is sense_index 1.

Output as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a <t>Democratic</t> opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "democratic" and its surface form "Democratic" (capitalized). The context is political, discussing the Republican Party and Democratic opponents. The candidate senses:

1. democratic%3:00:00:: - characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; examples: democratic government; a democratic country.
2. democratic%3:01:00:: - belong to or relating to the Democratic Party; examples: Democratic senator.
3. democratic%5:00:00:common:01 - representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large; synonyms: popular; examples: democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement.

In the sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent." Here, "Democratic" is capitalized and refers to a member of the Democratic Party. Sense 2 specifically says "belong to or relating to the Democratic Party" with an example "Democratic senator." This matches perfectly. Therefore, the best sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opponent
Target surface form: opponent
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "opponent" in context. The target lemma is "opponent", surface form "opponent". The context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent." So, a Democratic opponent is someone running against a Republican candidate in an election. The two candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Sense 1 is specifically "a contestant that you are matched against", which fits the electoral context: a Democratic opponent is a contestant in the election. Sense 2 is more general "someone who offers opposition", which could apply but is broader. In the context of a political election, "opponent" refers to the rival candidate, so sense 1 is more precise. The examples and synonyms: "opposition, opposite" for sense 1; "adversary, antagonist" for sense 2. In electoral politics, we often say "political opponent", which is definitely a contestant. Therefore, the best sense is 1.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the <t>extent</t> that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "extent" in the given context. The target is in the phrase: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..." We have two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law

2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

The context is about a political science theory discussing Republican candidates. The phrase "To the extent that" is idiomatic and means "insofar as" or "to the degree that." It refers to the degree or point to which something is true. This matches the first sense: "the point or degree to which something extends." The second sense is about physical spatial extent (distance, area, volume), which is not applicable here. Examples for sense 1: "the extent of the damage" (degree), "the full extent of the law" (degree). So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index":

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potential
Target surface form: potential
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that <t>potential</t> Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "potential" in the given context. The target appears in: "Potential candidates may be discouraged... To the extent that potential Republican candidates...". The two candidate senses are:

1. sense 1: existing in possibility; synonyms: possible; example: a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power.
2. sense 2: expected to become or be; in prospect; synonyms: likely; example: potential clients.

We need to choose the best sense. In the context, "potential candidates" refers to individuals who might run for office, i.e., possible candidates, not necessarily likely ones. The text says: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat...". Here, "potential" is describing those who are possible candidates. They are people who might consider running. It doesn't imply that they are likely or expected to become candidates; it just means they are possible candidates. Sense 1 "existing in possibility" fits better. Sense 2 "expected to become or be; in prospect" typically implies more expectation, like "potential clients" means people who are likely to become clients. But here, it's about anyone who could potentially be a candidate. The example "potential clients" for sense 2 suggests people likely to become clients, whereas "potential candidates" here are simply possible candidates. Both could be argued, but sense 1 is broader: "possible". So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican <t>candidates</t> and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "candidates" in the given context. The target is "candidates" as part of "Potential candidates may be discouraged..." and later "potential Republican <t>candidates</t>". The context is about people running for office, specifically congressional office. The two senses are:
1. candidate%1:18:01:: a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee)
2. candidate%1:18:00:: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect)

We need to choose the best fit. In the passage, it's about attracting viable candidates for congressional office, potential candidates discouraged by defeat prospect, and fielding a competitive slate of congressional candidates. The sense of "candidate" here is clearly a person who is running or might run for office. Sense 1 is specifically "a politician who is running for public office", while sense 2 is more general "someone who is considered for something (for an office...)". The examples: "campaigner, nominee" vs "prospect". "Prospect" is a synonym for sense 2. In the text, "Potential candidates" are described, so they are prospective candidates. However, the overall context discusses actual elections and defeat. The distinction: Sense 1 implies actively running, while sense 2 includes those being considered. Here, the text says "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running" – they are not yet running, they are potential. So they are more like "prospects". But later, "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates" suggests those who will actually run. However, the specific instance of "<t>candidates</t>" is in "potential Republican <t>candidates</t>". The phrase "potential candidates" uses sense 2, as they are not necessarily running yet. The WordNet gloss for sense 2 includes "someone who is considered for something (for an office...)", and the example given is "the Republican candidate" – but wait, the example might be given in WordNet? Actually, the provided senses don't have examples, just gloss and synonyms. We have to rely on context. Typically, WordNet sense 1 is the active candidate, sense 2 is the prospective candidate. The text: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..." and "potential Republican <t>candidates</t>" – both use "candidates" in the sense of people who might be considered or might run. Since it says "potential", it aligns with sense 2 "someone who is considered" (a prospect). Sense 1 is explicitly a politician who is running. So the best indexed sense is 2.

Thus, output {"sense_index": 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: realize
Target surface form: realize
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers <t>realize</t> that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=realize%2:31:01:: | definition=be fully aware or cognizant of | synonyms=recognize, recognise, realise, agnize, agnise
2. sense_key=realize%2:31:00:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realise, see | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=realize%2:36:00:: | definition=make real or concrete; give reality or substance to | synonyms=realise, actualize, actualise, substantiate | examples=our ideas must be substantiated into actions
4. sense_key=realize%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, make, earn, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
5. sense_key=realize%2:40:00:: | definition=convert into cash; of goods and property | synonyms=realise
6. sense_key=realize%2:36:07:: | definition=expand or complete (a part in a piece of baroque music) by supplying the harmonies indicated in the figured bass | synonyms=realise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "realize" in the given context. Let's look at the context: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers <t>realize</t> that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered..." Here, "realize" means to become aware or understand something. It's a cognitive act: they come to understand or perceive that the game works to their disadvantage. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. be fully aware or cognizant of (synonyms: recognize, etc.)
2. perceive (an idea or situation) mentally (synonyms: understand, realise, see; examples: "Now I see!")
3. make real or concrete; give reality or substance to
4. earn money
5. convert into cash
6. musical term

Sense 1 and sense 2 are very similar. Sense 1: "be fully aware or cognizant of" – implies having awareness. Sense 2: "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally" with examples like "Now I see!" and "I just can't see your point." It often refers to a moment of insight. In the context, "realize that the game works to their disadvantage" is about coming to understand a situation. The phrase "realize that..." is typical for sense 2. But sense 1 also fits. Let's see the subtle difference: Sense 1 has synonyms "recognize, recognise, realise, agnize, agnise" – which might be more about recognizing something as true or being aware. Sense 2 is more about mental perception, "getting" an idea. Often "realize" with a that-clause is listed under sense 2 in some dictionaries, but WordNet might have them separated. WordNet's sense 1: "be fully aware or cognizant of" might be stative, while sense 2: "perceive mentally" might be inchoative (coming to realize). The context: "To the extent that they realize that..." suggests if they come to understand or are aware. It could be either. But the example for sense 2: "Now I see!" matches the aha-moment. The context is about potential candidates and backers coming to understand a strategic situation. I think sense 2 is the better match: realize as "understand, see". Sense 1 is more like "I recognize her" or "He realized his mistake" but often used interchangeably. Let's check the examples: sense 1 no examples given. Sense 2 examples: "Now I see!" "I just can't see your point" – that's exactly the kind of "realize" as in "realize that...". Also, WordNet often puts the "become aware" meaning in the "perceive" sense. Indeed, in many WordNet versions, "realize" in the sense of "become aware" is sense 2. I'll go with sense 2.

Thus, {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: works
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game <t>works</t> to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
2. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
3. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
4. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
5. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
6. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
7. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
8. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
9. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
10. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
12. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
14. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
15. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
16. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
18. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
21. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
22. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
23. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
25. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
26. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
27. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "work" with surface form "works" in a specific context. The context is: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game <t>works</t> to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered..." So the phrase is "the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage". Here, "works" is a verb, third-person singular. It means the game operates or functions in a way that is to their disadvantage.

We need to select from the candidate senses. Let's check each relevant sense. The key is: "works to their disadvantage". This implies it has an effect or outcome, specifically a negative one for them.

Looking at the options:

Sense 3: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected" — synonyms: act. Example: "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?" This fits: the game has an outcome that is to their disadvantage.

Sense 4: "perform as expected when applied" — synonyms: function, operate, go, run. Example: washing machine, car. That is more about mechanical functioning. But the game isn't mechanical; it's about having an effect. The phrase "works to their disadvantage" specifically indicates an effect, not just functioning.

Sense 23: "use or manipulate to one's advantage" — synonyms: exploit. Example: "She knows how to work the system". That would require a direct object like "work the game", not "the game works". It's intransitive here.

Sense 15: "have and exert influence or effect" — synonyms: influence, act upon. Example: "The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate." That is also possible, but note that sense 15 might require an object or a prepositional phrase with "on". Here it is "works to their disadvantage", which is more like an outcome.

Sense 3 is explicitly "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected", and the example "How does your idea work in practice?" matches the pattern of something working to a certain result. Also, the phrase "works to their disadvantage" is akin to "works to their detriment", i.e., has that effect. Sense 3's definition says "have an effect or outcome", which directly fits.

Sense 15 is "have and exert influence or effect", but it's more about influencing someone or something. The example "The artist's work influenced the young painter" shows a transitive influence. Sense 3 is more intransitive: "the game works to their disadvantage" means the game results in disadvantage. So sense 3 is the best.

Double-check if there are any other senses like 1, 2 (work as in exert effort or be employed) — clearly not.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 3.

So output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hinder
Target surface form: hindered
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be <t>hindered</t> in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hinder%2:41:01:: | definition=be a hindrance or obstacle to | synonyms=impede | examples=She is impeding the progress of our project
2. sense_key=hinder%2:41:00:: | definition=hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of | synonyms=obstruct, blockade, block, stymie, stymy, embarrass | examples=His brother blocked him at every turn
3. sense_key=hinder%2:33:00:: | definition=put at a disadvantage | synonyms=handicap, hamper | examples=The brace I have to wear is hindering my movements

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "hindered" in the given context. The three candidate senses are:

1. "be a hindrance or obstacle to" (synonyms: impede)
2. "hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of" (synonyms: obstruct, blockade, block, stymie, stymy, embarrass)
3. "put at a disadvantage" (synonyms: handicap, hamper)

The context: "... the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates." The focus is on the party being hindered in its attempts. The hindrance here seems to be that potential candidates might be discouraged from running, making it harder for the party to field a competitive slate. That aligns with sense 2, as it involves preventing progress or accomplishment of the party's goal. Sense 1 is very similar, but sense 2 explicitly mentions "prevent the progress or accomplishment of," which fits the phrase "hindered in its attempts to field..." Sense 3 is about putting at a disadvantage, which could also apply, but the context emphasizes the obstruction of an attempt, not just a disadvantage. The examples for sense 2: "His brother blocked him at every turn" suggests active obstruction of progress. The synonyms "obstruct, block, stymie" are strong. In the context, the party is being obstructed in its attempts. Thus, sense 2 is the best match.

Therefore, I choose sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attempt
Target surface form: attempts
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its <t>attempts</t> to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attempt%1:04:00:: | definition=earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something | synonyms=effort, endeavor, endeavour, try | examples=made an effort to cover all the reading material; wished him luck in his endeavor
2. sense_key=attempt%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of attacking | synonyms=attack | examples=attacks on women increased last year; they made an attempt on his life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "attempts" in the context: "the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates." The target lemma is "attempt" as a noun.

Looking at the two candidate senses:
1. effort, endeavor, endeavour, try - earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something.
2. attack - the act of attacking.

Clearly, here "attempts" refers to the party's efforts or endeavors to field a slate of candidates. It's not about attacking. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, the answer: {"sense_index": 1}