[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "involve" with surface form "involving". Context sentence: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past." The sense is in the phrase "a study involving 1,725 patients". Here, "involving" means including or having as participants. It is a study that had 1,725 patients as participants. Let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business. This sense is about affecting or concerning something, often with a negative connotation. Not suitable.

2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs! This means to make someone a participant in an activity. In the context, the study involves patients as participants. But the phrasing "study involving 1,725 patients" is more about the study containing or including those patients, rather than engaging them as participants. However, it could be interpreted as the study engaging patients. We'll consider.

3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes. This sense means to include as a necessary part. For example, "The study involves 1,725 patients" means the study includes or has those patients as a necessary feature. This fits well: the study necessarily includes those patients. The definition "have as a necessary feature" is typical for such constructions.

4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work. This means to necessitate. Not quite: the study doesn't require patients; it includes them.

5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses. This directly means to contain as a part. That fits: the study contains 1,725 patients. This is very close to sense 3, but sense 5 explicitly says "contain as a part". Sense 3 says "have as a necessary feature". While sense 5 might be more about literal containment, sense 3 is about necessary implication. For a study, "involving patients" means the patients are participants, so they are contained in the study. Both 3 and 5 are plausible. But let's see examples: sense 5 gives "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" which is similar: a dinner contains courses. For a study containing patients, sense 5 seems appropriate. Sense 3's example: "This decision involves many changes" - the decision has many changes as a necessary feature. That's more abstract. "A study involving 1,725 patients" means the study included those patients. I think sense 5 "contain as a part" is more direct. However, sense 2 "engage as a participant" could also work if we think of the study engaging patients. But typically, when we say "a study involving 100 patients", we mean the study included 100 patients. In WordNet, the sense for "involve" meaning "contain as a part" is exactly for such usages. Sense 2 "engage as a participant" is more about drawing someone into an activity: "Don't involve me in your affairs!" means don't make me a participant. That is more active, while "study involving patients" is a passive containment. So I lean towards sense 5.

6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon. Not relevant.

7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved. Not relevant.

Thus, the best choice is between sense 3 and sense 5. WordNet sense keys: 3 is involve%2:42:00::, 5 is involve%2:42:02::. Let's check if the context uses "involving" as a participial adjective? Actually, "involving" is a present participle modifying "study". It's like "a study that involved 1,725 patients". In that usage, "involve" means "to include, contain" which is sense 5. In many dictionaries, "involve" meaning "to include" is a primary sense. For example, "The course involves a lot of work" is similar. So I think sense 5 is the most precise. Sense 5 definition: "contain as a part". Sense 3 definition: "have as a necessary feature" is similar but might be broader. Since there is a specific sense for "contain as a part", I'll go with that.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense 5. Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 5}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "patient" in the given context. The target surface form is "patients", and it appears in a medical context. The text discusses clinical studies involving patients with mesothelioma and lung cancer. Clearly, "patients" refers to people receiving or eligible for medical care. Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a person who requires medical care". Sense 2 is about a semantic role in linguistics, irrelevant here. So the answer is sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index":

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Target lemma: past" and "Target surface form: past" with context about Alimta studies. The target word is "past" in the sentence: "in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>." So the phrase is "in the past". We need to choose the best indexed sense from the three provided.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Context: "patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past." Here, "in the past" refers to a time before the present, i.e., previously. It means the time that has elapsed. Sense 1 is "the time that has elapsed" with examples "forget the past". That fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about a secret earlier period in someone's life, which is not relevant here. Sense 3 is the grammatical term "past tense", which is not applicable. So clearly sense 1 is correct.

I need to return JSON like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the word "studies" (plural of "study") in the given context. The context is about clinical studies of Alimta, an anticancer drug. The word "studies" refers to the clinical trials or research studies conducted. Let's analyze the candidate senses.

Sense 1: definition=a detailed critical inspection, synonyms=survey. This could potentially fit as a study can be a detailed inspection, but in medical context, "study" often refers to a research study involving patients.

Sense 2: definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading), synonyms=work. This is more about the act of studying, like a student studying. Doesn't fit.

Sense 3: definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group, synonyms=report, written report. This could refer to the written up results of a study, but in the context "Alimta has been studied in one main study" and "in all three studies, the main measure..." it refers to the research itself, not just the document. However, sometimes "study" in medical literature can refer to the published report. But the context says "in all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." That's talking about the actual trials, not the documents. So sense 3 is about the written report.

Sense 4: a state of deep mental absorption. Not relevant.

Sense 5: a room used for reading and writing. Not relevant.

Sense 6: a branch of knowledge. Not relevant.

Sense 7: preliminary drawing. Not relevant.

Sense 8: attentive consideration and meditation. Not relevant.

Sense 9: someone who memorizes quickly. Not relevant.

Sense 10: a composition intended to develop technique. Not relevant.

The most appropriate senses are 1 and 3. Sense 1 is "a detailed critical inspection" which could describe a clinical trial, but it's a bit vague. Sense 3 is "a written document describing the findings." In many contexts, "study" refers to the research project, which includes both the investigation and the resulting publication. The context says "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients..." That "study" is a research study, a systematic investigation. In WordNet, sense 1 might be closer to that: "a detailed critical inspection" as in a survey or examination. But WordNet also has sense 1 as "survey," which can be used for studies. However, I recall that in biomedical texts, "study" often maps to a sense like "research" or "investigation." Looking at the WordNet hierarchy, sense 1 is under "inspection, examination, scrutiny" which is a cognitive process. Sense 3 is under "document, written document, papers" which is a physical object. The phrase "in all three studies" likely refers to the clinical trials themselves, not the documents. Even though the studies may have been written up, the sentence is about the measure of effectiveness within those studies. So sense 1 seems better.

But let's check the specific WordNet sense for "study" in a clinical context. Often, in WordNet, the sense for "study" as a research project is sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" (e.g., "his study of the data"). But in the examples, no clinical example. Sense 3's example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" – that is a published study. So that could also be used. However, in the context, "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." This could refer to the studies as research undertakings or as the reports. But the earlier part: "Alimta has been studied in one main study" – it's the study itself, the investigation. So I lean towards sense 1.

But let's think: WordNet sense 1 is "a detailed critical inspection" with synonym "survey". That fits more for a study that examines something. The WordNet hierarchy: sense 1 is a type of "examination, scrutiny". Sense 3 is a type of "document". In academic writing, "study" often refers to the research project, which is an activity, not a document. So sense 1 is likely.

I'll go with sense 1.

Therefore, I will return {"sense_index":


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the <t>main</t> measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "main" and a context sentence: "In all three studies, the <t>main</t> measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." We need to choose the best indexed sense among the three candidates.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass

This sense indicates "most important." In the context, "the main measure of effectiveness" means the primary or most important measure. So this fits well.

2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb

This sense is about grammar, which doesn't fit the context at all.

3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

This sense means "of great intensity," which doesn't fit here because we're talking about a measure of effectiveness, not force.

Clearly, sense 1 is correct.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main <t>measure</t> of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "measure" in the given context. The context is discussing clinical studies for Alimta, an anticancer medicine. It says: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." So "measure" here refers to a way of evaluating or quantifying effectiveness, specifically survival time. It's a criterion or metric for effectiveness.

Let's evaluate each candidate sense:

1. "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" – This is about steps or actions taken, like "strong measures." Not relevant; it's about actions, not a standard of evaluation.

2. "how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify" – This is about quantity, amount. While survival time could be considered a quantity, the phrase "measure of effectiveness" typically refers to a standard or criterion for measuring, not the quantity itself. The context says "the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." Here, "how long they survived" is the metric, the standard of comparison. So it's more about a criterion than just an amount. This sense is close but not precisely fitting. The example for sense 2 doesn't involve a "measure of something" as a criterion.

3. "a statute in draft before it becomes law" – Not relevant.

4. "the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule" – This is about measurement as a process. The phrase "measure of effectiveness" uses "measure" as a noun meaning the criterion, not the act. Not a perfect fit.

5. "a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated" – This directly fits "measure of effectiveness": it is a standard or criterion used to evaluate the drug's effectiveness. Synonyms include standard, criterion, touchstone. The examples: "they set the measure for all subsequent work" – that's exactly the sense. The survival time is the criterion.

6. "(prosody) the accent..." – Not relevant.

7. "musical notation..." – Not relevant.

8. "measuring instrument..." – Not relevant.

9. "a container..." – Not relevant.

Thus, sense 5 is the most appropriate.

Index: 5 (since indices are 1-based as listed). Output JSON: {"sense_index":


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: long
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how <t>long</t> the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%4:02:00:: | definition=for an extended time or at a distant time | examples=a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for
2. sense_key=long%4:02:03:: | definition=for an extended distance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "long" with surface form "long" in the given context. The context is about a medical study measuring how long patients survived. The candidate senses are:
1. "for an extended time or at a distant time" with examples "a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for"
2. "for an extended distance"

The target word "long" appears in the phrase "how long the patients survived". This clearly refers to duration of survival, i.e., time, not distance. Therefore, sense 1 is correct. Sense 2 refers to physical distance, which is not relevant. So the answer is sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the <t>patients</t> survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "patients" in the given context. The target lemma is "patient", and the surface form is "patients". We have two candidate senses: sense 1 is the medical sense (a person who requires medical care), and sense 2 is a linguistic semantic role. The context clearly discusses medical studies involving human patients with mesothelioma and lung cancer. The word "patients" appears multiple times referring to people in those studies. Therefore, sense 1 is definitely the correct one. The instruction says to return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Since the correct sense is the first one, we output {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients <t>survived</t>. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "survive" and surface form "survived" in a medical context. The sentence: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." This is about survival time in clinical trials for cancer treatments. The meaning is straightforward: how long patients stay alive.

Now, evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: definition: continue to live through hardship or adversity. synonyms: last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up. example: "We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America." This sense focuses on enduring difficult conditions. In the context, patients are living despite cancer, possibly through hardship, but the key phrase "how long the patients survived" is simply measuring duration of life, not necessarily emphasizing endurance through adversity, though cancer is an adversity. The second example "These superstitions survive" is metaphorical, but the definition includes "hardship or adversity." It could fit, but let's see if there's a better one.

2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: definition: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) synonyms: pull through, pull round, come through, make it. example: "He survived the cancer against all odds." This sense is about overcoming a specific adversity, like surviving an illness or accident. The sentence "how long the patients survived" could imply surviving after diagnosis or treatment, i.e., continuing to live after the adversity of cancer. This is very typical for medical contexts: patients survive cancer. However, the sentence doesn't explicitly mention "the disease" or "cancer" directly; it just says "how long the patients survived." But from the context, they are cancer patients, so they are surviving after the adversity of cancer. This sense fits well.

3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: definition: support oneself. synonyms: exist, live, subsist. example: "he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?" This is about making a living, not about staying alive in a medical sense. Not applicable.

4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: definition: live longer than. synonyms: outlive, outlast. example: "She outlived her husband by many years." This is a transitive sense, meaning to live longer than someone or something. The sentence uses "survived" intransitively: "how long the patients survived." There's no object, so it can't be outlive. Not applicable.

Between senses 1 and 2: Sense 1 is intransitive, sense 2 is often transitive (survive something) but can be used intransitively? The definition says "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" - the "(an adversity, etc.)" suggests it might be used without a direct object. The example given is transitive: "He survived the cancer". However, the synonyms "pull through, pull round, come through, make it" are often intransitive, e.g., "He pulled through." So sense 2 can be used without an explicit object. The context "how long the patients survived" implies they survived after cancer diagnosis/treatment, so it fits "continue in existence after an adversity." Sense 1 emphasizes enduring hardship, but the primary focus here is on survival duration, not the process of enduring. In clinical studies, "survival" is a standard endpoint meaning time from treatment until death. That aligns closely with sense 2: continue in existence after (disease). Sense 1 is more about enduring conditions: "We survived the storm" but also can be intransitive. However, in typical medical phrasing, "patients survived" usually means they lived after having cancer, not just lived through hardship. WordNet's sense 2 explicitly mentions "He survived the cancer" which is very close. Sense 1 includes "live" as a synonym, which is general, but the definition "continue to live through hardship or adversity" also fits. To decide, consider the synonyms and examples: sense 2 includes "pull through, make it" which are colloquial for surviving an illness. Sense 1 includes "last, endure" which are more about lasting through time or hardship. In the context of a clinical trial measuring "how long they survived", the focus is on longevity after an illness, so sense 2 seems more precise.

Also, note that the target is "survived" in the past tense. "How long the patients survived" is a measure of duration. In WordNet, senses are ordered roughly by frequency? Not necessarily. Sense 2 is labeled 42:02, sense 1 is 42:01. They are both in the same class. I'd choose sense 2 because it specifically mentions overcoming an adversity, and medical survival after a disease like cancer is a classic example.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What <t>benefit</t> has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "benefit" in a specific context. The context is about a drug Alimta and its studies. The sentence with the target is: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." So, the "benefit" refers to the positive effect or advantage that Alimta provided in terms of health outcomes.

Candidate senses:
1. financial assistance
2. something that aids or promotes well-being (synonyms: welfare; examples: for the benefit of all)
3. a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Clearly, sense 2 fits: it's about something that aids well-being. In the medical context, the benefit is the increased survival time, which is a health benefit. Sense 1 is financial, sense 3 is a charity event. So sense 2 is the correct one.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "shown" in the context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" The target lemma is "show", surface form "shown". We need to pick the best indexed sense from the list.

The context: studies about Alimta, a drug, and the question asks what benefit Alimta has shown. The answer: Alimta increased survival time. So "shown" here means demonstrated or proven a benefit. It's about establishing evidence from studies. Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" with synonyms "prove, demonstrate, establish, shew" and example "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture." This fits perfectly: The study showed a benefit (established its validity). Sense 3: "provide evidence for" could also be a candidate, but its examples are more about testifying or proving something specific ("blood test showed he was the father"). Sense 2 is more about experiments establishing validity. Sense 3 is similar but more concrete evidence. Sense 2's synonyms "demonstrate" and example about experiment align well with clinical studies. The question is "What benefit has Alimta shown?" meaning what benefit did it demonstrate/prove? Yes, sense 2 is best.

Nothing else fits: not sense 1 (exhibition), sense 4 (make visible), etc.

So answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "studies" in the context. The target lemma is "study", surface form is "studies". The context is about medical trials/studies. The phrase: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>?" Here, "studies" clearly refers to the clinical trials or research studies previously mentioned. In the text, it says: "Alimta has been studied in one main study...", "in a study involving...", etc. So "studies" refers to these research investigations, which are detailed critical inspections or examinations of the drug's effects. Looking at the senses:

1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey - This fits the meaning of a clinical study, which is a detailed examination. Example: survey? It might be used for a study in a scientific sense.

3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale. This is also plausible, but here "study" in the context refers to the actual research activity, not the written report. The phrase "in all three studies" refers to the research trials themselves, not documents. The measure of effectiveness was taken during the studies (i.e., during the trials), and the studies are the events/processes. Sense 1 is more about the investigation itself, while sense 3 is about the document. The context: "Alimta has been studied in one main study" - "studied" is a verb, "study" as a noun refers to the research project/experiment. Also, "in a study involving 571 patients" - that's the clinical trial. So it's the detailed critical inspection (sense 1). Sense 3 might be the resulting report, but here it's clearly the research activity. For example, "the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived" - that's measured in the study, not in the report. So sense 1 is more appropriate.

Also, synonyms for sense 1: "survey". In medical contexts, a study is often a survey of patient outcomes. So answer: sense_index 1.

Check other senses: 2. applying the mind to learning (studying), 4. state of deep mental absorption, 5. room, 6. discipline, 7. sketch, 8. cogitation, 9. quick memorizer, 10. composition. None fit.

Thus, best is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta <t>increased</t> the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "increased" in the given context. The target lemma is "increase" and the surface form is "increased". We have two candidate senses: sense 1: "become bigger or greater in amount" (intransitive, something increases by itself) and sense 2: "make bigger or more" (transitive, someone or something causes an increase).

In the context: "Alimta <t>increased</t> the survival time of patients..." Alimta is the subject, it is a drug. It is causing the survival time to become bigger. So Alimta is making the survival time increase. Thus, it is a transitive use: Alimta increased something (the survival time). That matches sense 2: "make bigger or more". The example for sense 2: "The boss finally increased her salary" shows a similar transitive structure. Sense 1 is intransitive: "The amount of work increased" – no object.

Therefore, sense 2 is correct.

Answer should be a JSON object like {"sense_index": 2}. We number senses as they appear: first is 1, second is 2.

So return: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the <t>survival</t> time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target word "survival" in the given context. The three candidate senses are provided with sense keys and definitions. We need to choose the best sense based on the context.

Context: The text discusses Alimta's effect on survival time of patients. "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." So here, "survival" refers to the fact of remaining alive, the duration of life after treatment. It's clearly about staying alive, not about a natural process of evolution or about something that survives.

Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" fits perfectly. The context is about patients surviving for an average number of months.
Sense 2: "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment" - irrelevant, this is about natural selection.
Sense 3: "something that survives" - could be an object or custom that continues to exist, but not the right fit here because we are talking about survival time, not a physical thing.

Thus, sense_index 1 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival <t>time</t> of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "time" with surface form "time" in a specific context. The context is about clinical studies comparing Alimta (pemetrexed) with other treatments for lung cancer and mesothelioma. The sentence: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." Then it gives data: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." So "survival time" here refers to the duration of survival, i.e., how long patients lived. It's a measure of time as a period. We need to choose the correct WordNet sense from the candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. an instance or single occasion for some event (e.g., "this time he succeeded; he called four times")
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something (e.g., "take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish")
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) (e.g., "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting")
4. a suitable moment (e.g., "it is time to go")
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. a person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together")
7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock (e.g., "do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock")
8. the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event (fourth dimension)
9. rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration (meter, metre)
10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned (prison term, sentence)

In the context, "survival time" clearly means the duration of survival, the length of time patients live. It's an interval of time measured in months. It is not an instance or occasion (sense 1), not a resource (sense 2), not a suitable moment (sense 4), not a continuum (sense 5), not an experience (sense 6), not a clock reading (sense 7), not a fourth dimension (sense 8), not rhythm (sense 9), not a prison term (sense 10). Sense 3 is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". The example: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting." That fits: "survival time" is a period of time, marked by the attribute of survival. It's a period, not necessarily a specific point. Although it's a specific measured period, it's still a period. Sense 3 is the closest. Sense 2 is "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" — that implies you have time to do something, like "I need more time to finish". That's not the meaning here. Sense 3 is a general period, often with a modifier like "a long time", "the time of year". "Survival time" is a period of survival. So I'll choose sense 3.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of <t>patients</t> with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "patient" and the target surface form "patients" in the given context. The context is clearly about medical patients, i.e., individuals receiving medical care. The first sense (sense 1) is "a person who requires medical care" with example "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly". That fits perfectly. The second sense (sense 2) is a linguistic/semantic role, which is not applicable here. Thus, the correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: Patients
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. <t>Patients</t> receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "patient" in the given context. The surface form is "Patients" (capitalized, plural). The context is about a medical study on Alimta for treating various cancers. The word appears multiple times, such as "571 patients", "1,725 patients", "the patients survived", "Patients receiving Alimta", etc. Clearly, it refers to people receiving medical care or participating in a medical study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Given the context, the word is used to describe people with diseases (mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer) who are receiving treatment or participating in studies. So it matches sense 1: a person who requires medical care. Sense 2 is a linguistic term, not relevant here.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1. The JSON output should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin <t>survived</t> for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "survived" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." The target word is "survived" and it is used intransitively: "survived for an average of 12.1 months". We need to pick among four senses.

Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity. Synonyms: last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up. Example: "We went without water and food for 3 days" – that suggests surviving in a challenging situation. But in the context, it's about how long patients lived after treatment, not necessarily about enduring hardship directly, though cancer is a hardship. But the focus is on the duration of survival, not the act of enduring. Note the pattern: "survived for X months" – that's like living for a period.

Sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.). Synonyms: pull through, pull round, come through, make it. Example: "He survived the cancer against all odds." This sense is transitive: survive something. In our sentence, "survived" is intransitive (no object). It says "survived for an average of 12.1 months", not "survived cancer" or anything. So this sense is not fitting because it requires an object.

Sense 3: support oneself. Synonyms: exist, live, subsist. Example: "he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month?" This sense is about financial sustenance, making a living. Clearly not applicable.

Sense 4: live longer than. Synonyms: outlive, outlast. Example: "She outlived her husband by many years." This is also transitive: "survive someone" meaning outlive. Not our context.

Sense 1 is the closest: it's intransitive, meaning to continue living, and the example shows "We went without water and food for 3 days" – they survived for a period. The synonyms "live" also fit: "Patients ... lived for an average of 12.1 months." Sense 1 definition: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" – the hardship is implicitly cancer, but the main idea is continuing to live. The context is about survival time, so "survive" here means to remain alive for a certain duration. Sense 1 fits well. Sense 2 is about overcoming an adversity, but that would be "survived the cancer" – here it's just the length of life. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an <t>average</t> of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "average" in the given context. The context is from a medical study where they talk about survival times. The sentence: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an <t>average</t> of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."

We need to choose among three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

The word "average" here is used to describe the mean survival time (12.1 months). In statistics, the average is a measure of central tendency. Sense 1 is "a statistic describing the location of a distribution". That seems directly applicable. Sense 2 is sports-specific, not relevant. Sense 3 says "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual", with examples like "he is about average in height". That sense is more about a typical value, not necessarily a calculated mean. In the context, "average of 12.1 months" clearly refers to a computed mean survival time, which is a statistic. So sense 1 is the best fit.

Thus, the answer should be sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 <t>months</t>, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "months" in the given context. The target lemma is "month", surface form "months". The context is about survival time in a clinical trial: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months..." So "months" here refers to a duration of time, specifically a time unit. The two candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Sense 1 is about a specific named month (e.g., January, February), a division of the calendar year. Sense 2 is a unit of time measuring approximately 30 days. In the context, "12.1 months" is a measure of survival time, not referring to a particular calendar month. It's a duration. So sense 2 is more appropriate. The examples: "he was given a month to pay the bill" uses "month" as a time period, similar to our context. Sense 1's example "he paid the bill last month" refers to a specific calendar month. Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

We must return JSON with the sense index. The indexes are 1 and 2 as given. So we choose 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, <t>compared</t> with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "compared" in the context. The context is about comparing the effects of medications, survival times, etc. The sentence: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." Here, "compared with" is used to show a difference between two figures. It's not about saying they are similar (likening), nor about being comparable (as in "this does not compare"), nor about forming comparatives. It's about examining and noting differences or similarities in a quantitative way. Sense 1 is "examine and note the similarities or differences of". The examples: "John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes" involve actively examining. In this context, it's a passive usage: "X compared with Y" means when you compare them, you find a difference. It is a standard usage of sense 1 but in a passive or absolute construction. Sense 2 is intransitive "be comparable", often used in negative contexts or questions: "This does not compare with ours." Here, it's not saying something is not comparable; it's stating a comparison between two numbers. Sense 3 is "liken, equate", which means to say they are similar. But here it's contrasting, not equating. So sense 1 is correct. The sense key compare%2:31:00:: fits. So the index is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 <t>months</t> in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given two senses for "month":

1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."

Here, "months" refers to a time unit of survival. In medical contexts, "survival time" is often measured in months, meaning a time unit of roughly 30 days. While it might be considered a calendar month, the context is about an average of 12.1 months, which is a duration, not tied to specific calendar months. The sense "time unit of approximately 30 days" fits better because it's a measure of time length, whereas the other sense is specifically about the twelve divisions of the calendar year (like January, February). The example for sense 2: "he was given a month to pay the bill" also indicates a period of about 30 days. In the sentence, "survived for an average of 12.1 months" is a duration of time, so sense 2 is more appropriate.

Thus, choose sense index 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the <t>treatment</t> of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "treatment" in the given context. We have four candidate senses from WordNet. The context is about a medical study comparing Alimta with other treatments for cancer. The target word appears in the sentence: "In the <t>treatment</t> of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators." The word is used in the context of medical treatment, specifically referring to treating cancer patients with a drug. The most appropriate sense is the one about medical care. Sense 1 is "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" with synonym "intervention". That fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about management in general, like "the treatment of water sewage" or handling prisoners, not exactly medical treatment. Sense 3 is about artistic treatment, irrelevant. Sense 4 is about a discussion or discourse, also not relevant. So the best is sense 1.

Thus, the answer should be a JSON object with {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of <t>patients</t> with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "patients" in a given context. The context is about medical studies involving patients with lung cancer, mesothelioma, etc. The target word appears multiple times, but the specific instance is in the phrase: "In the treatment of <t>patients</t> with non-small cell lung cancer..." So it's clearly referring to individuals receiving medical care. The two candidate senses are: sense 1: a person who requires medical care; sense 2: the semantic role (linguistic). Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one here. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}.