[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "cancer" in the given context. The context is about a medical study on Alimta drug, discussing malignant pleural mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer, and squamous cells. The target surface form is "cancer" in the sentence: "However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

We have five candidate senses from WordNet. We need to choose the best indexed sense. The senses are:

1. cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

The context clearly refers to a medical condition, specifically lung cancer and mesothelioma. The target word is used in the phrase "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells", which obviously refers to the disease cancer. Sense 1 is the medical sense: "any malignant growth or tumor...". The other senses are astrological, astronomical, or biological (genus of crabs). So sense 1 is the correct one.

Thus, we output {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Target lemma: affect. Target surface form: affecting." The context is about cancer "affecting squamous cells". In the sentence: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

We need to choose the best sense among the five provided. The target word is "affecting" as a verb, specifically the present participle. In context, it means the cancer is involving or impacting squamous cells, i.e., the cancer is of a type that affects squamous cells (like squamous cell carcinoma). So it's about the cancer having an effect on those cells, or more precisely, the cancer is occurring in squamous cells. The sense that fits is "have an effect upon" (sense 1) or perhaps "act physically on" (sense 2). Sense 1 is general: "have an effect upon". Sense 2 is "act physically on; have an effect upon" with example "the medicine affects my heart rate". The context is biological: cancer affecting a type of cells. It is a physical effect. Both 1 and 2 are possible, but which is more precise? Sense 2 specifies "act physically on", which could apply to a disease affecting cells. Sense 1 is broader. Also, note that sense 3: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" with synonyms "involve, regard" and example "This new ruling affects your business" might seem relevant because "affecting squamous cells" could mean involving those cells. But the example is about a ruling affecting business, not a physical involvement. Sense 3 is more about being connected to or concerning something, often with a connotation of causing implications. In medical contexts, "affecting" a body part means the disease is present in that part, which is a physical involvement. The WordNet sense 2 is specifically for physical effects. The gloss "act physically on" suggests a direct physical influence. That seems appropriate: the cancer is physically acting on squamous cells. Sense 1 is more general and could also work, but sense 2 is more specific to a physical effect. Also, note that sense 2's example is "the medicine affects my heart rate", which is a biological effect. So I'd lean toward sense 2. However, let's check sense 3: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" with "involve, regard". That doesn't fit as well because it's not about incrimination. Sense 5 is emotional impact, not relevant. Sense 4 is deception. So the contest is between 1 and 2. But WordNet 3.0 often has sense 1 as the most general, and the specific physical sense is a separate sense. In many WSD tasks, for "affecting" in a medical context, sense 2 is chosen. For instance, "the disease affected his lungs" would be sense 2. So I'll pick sense 2.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: longer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified | examples=a long life; a long boring speech
2. sense_key=long%3:00:01:: | definition=primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified | examples=a long road; a long distance
3. sense_key=long%5:00:00:tall:00 | definition=of relatively great height; - Sherwood Anderson | examples=a race of long gaunt men; looked out the long French windows
4. sense_key=long%3:00:00:: | definition=good at remembering | synonyms=retentive, recollective, tenacious | examples=a retentive mind; tenacious memory
5. sense_key=long%3:00:05:: | definition=holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices | examples=is long on coffee; a long position in gold
6. sense_key=long%3:00:04:: | definition=(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `bate', `beat', `bite', `boat', `boot' are long
7. sense_key=long%5:00:00:unsound:00 | definition=involving substantial risk | examples=long odds
8. sense_key=long%5:00:00:provident:00 | definition=planning prudently for the future | synonyms=farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, longsighted | examples=large goals that required farsighted policies; took a long view of the geopolitical issues
9. sense_key=long%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=having or being more than normal or necessary: | examples=long on brains; in long supply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "longer" (surface form, lemma "long") in the given context. The context discusses survival times, so it's about duration. "longer survival times" clearly refers to a greater duration of time. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=long%3:00:02:: | definition: primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified. Examples: a long life; a long boring speech. This matches "longer survival times" perfectly.

2. spatial sense, not applicable.

3. height, not applicable.

4. memory, not applicable.

5. financial sense, not applicable.

6. speech sounds, not applicable.

7. risk, not applicable.

8. planning future, not applicable.

9. abundance, not applicable.

Thus, the best sense is the temporal one, which is sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "survival" in the given context. The context is about cancer treatment and survival times. The target word appears in: "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator." The word is used as part of "survival times", meaning the duration patients survive. This is about remaining alive.

Now look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Clearly, in medical context, "survival time" refers to how long patients remain alive. So it's about the state of surviving. Sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about evolution, not relevant. Sense 3 is about an object that survives, but here it's an abstract concept of duration of life.

Thus, index 1 is correct.

Now, response format: JSON with {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to disambiguate the word "times" in the sentence: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

Note: The target word is "times", but the lemma is "time". The context is about survival time. The text mentions "survival time" multiple times: "average survival time was 8.3 months", "average survival time was 10.3 months". Then it says "had longer survival times if they received Alimta". Here "times" is plural of "time", meaning a period or duration. It's not an instance or occasion, but a measure of duration. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. time%1:11:00:: - instance or single occasion. Example: "this time he succeeded; he called four times." Here, "times" would refer to occurrences. But in context, it's about survival time, a duration measured in months. Not an occasion.

2. time%1:28:05:: - a period of time considered as a resource under your control. Example: "take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish." This fits a bit, but it's about time as a resource. Survival time is not exactly a resource you control; it's a measured period.

3. time%1:28:00:: - an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities). Example: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting." This could fit: survival time is a period, often indefinite, marked by the attribute of being a survival duration. "Longer survival times" means they had a longer period of survival. This seems like the most natural sense: a period of time. It's not a specific point, not a resource, not an occasion.

4. time%1:28:06:: - a suitable moment. Example: "it is time to go." This doesn't fit.

5. time%1:03:00:: - the continuum of experience. Too abstract/philosophical.

6. time%1:11:01:: - a person's experience on a particular occasion. Example: "he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together." Doesn't fit; not about having a time, but about duration.

7. time%1:28:03:: - a reading of a point in time as given by a clock. Not relevant; we're not reading a clock.

8. time%1:28:04:: - the fourth coordinate in physics. Too technical.

9. time%1:07:01:: - rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration. Not relevant.

10. time%1:28:01:: - the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned. Not relevant.

The best fit is sense 3: an indefinite period. Note that survival time is a period, and it's often marked by specific attributes (the attribute of survival). The example "he waited a long time" is similar; here we have "longer survival times". So sense index 3.

Let's verify: The context uses "times" as plural of "time" in the sense of a duration. "Longer survival times" means longer periods of survival. That aligns with an indefinite period. Sense 2 is about a resource under your control, but survival time is not something you control; it's an outcome. Sense 1 is about instances/occasions, but "four times" would be about how many occasions something happened. Here, it's about the length of the period, not the number of occasions. So sense 3 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contrast
Target surface form: contrast
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "contrast" in the given context. The target word appears in: "In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

We need to choose the best indexed sense among the five provided. Let's analyze each sense:

Sense 1: "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; synonyms: direct contrast; examples: in contrast to; by contrast". This sense is about the general concept of contrast as a relation between compared things, often used in phrases like "in contrast" or "by contrast".

Sense 2: "the act of distinguishing by comparing differences" - This is more about the action of contrasting.

Sense 3: "a conceptual separation or distinction; synonyms: line, dividing line, demarcation; examples: there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity" - This emphasizes a boundary or distinction.

Sense 4: "the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors" - This is about visual contrast.

Sense 5: "the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)" - This is technical, about photographic contrast.

In the context, "In contrast," is used as a discourse marker to signal a shift to an opposite or different situation. It's a typical usage to introduce a contrasting point. The phrase "in contrast" matches directly with the example given for Sense 1: "in contrast to; by contrast". The sentence is comparing two groups: non-squamous cell cancer patients had longer survival with Alimta, while squamous cell patients had shorter survival with Alimta. This is clearly using "contrast" to indicate opposition or dissimilarity between the two findings. Hence, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Sense 2 would be more about the act of distinguishing, but here it's not an action but a relational marker. Sense 3 is about a line or demarcation, which doesn't fit as well. Senses 4 and 5 are unrelated.

Thus, the index is 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "patient" appearing as "<t>patients</t>" in the given context. We have two candidate senses:

Sense 1: patient%1:18:00:: with definition "a person who requires medical care" and example "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly".

Sense 2: patient%1:10:00:: with definition "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" and synonyms "affected role, patient role".

The context is from a medical text discussing cancer treatments, specifically Alimta and cisplatin, and mentions "patients" multiple times referring to people receiving medical treatment. The target is explicitly in the sentence: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." Clearly, "patients" here refers to individuals under medical care, not a semantic role in linguistics. Therefore, the correct sense is the first one.

We need to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3} but with the chosen index (1 or 2). The sense indices given are 1 and 2. So we choose sense 1.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to pick the correct sense for "cancer" in the given context. The context is clearly about a medical condition: lung cancer, cancer affecting squamous cells, etc. So we need sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division". All other senses are astrological signs, constellations, or a genus of crabs. So the answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "affecting" in the given context. The target lemma is "affect" and the surface form is "affecting". The context is about cancer affecting squamous cells. We need to choose the best sense from the five candidate senses provided.

Let's analyze the context: "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times...". Here, "affecting" means the cancer is having an impact on, or acting upon, the squamous cells. It's a physical or biological effect.

Candidate senses:
1. affect%2:30:00: have an effect upon; synonyms: impact, bear upon, etc. Example: "Will the new rules affect me?" This is a general "have an effect on" sense.
2. affect%2:29:00: act physically on; have an effect upon. Example: "the medicine affects my heart rate." This is specifically physical action.
3. affect%2:42:00: connect closely and often incriminatingly; synonyms: involve, regard. Example: "This new ruling affects your business." This suggests a connection or implication, not just a simple effect.
4. affect%2:32:00: make believe with intent to deceive; synonyms: feign, sham. Not applicable here.
5. affect%2:37:00: have an emotional or cognitive impact; synonyms: impress, move, strike. Not applicable.

Between sense 1 and sense 2: Sense 2 explicitly says "act physically on" and gives a medical example ("the medicine affects my heart rate"). In our context, cancer affecting squamous cells is a physical/biological process. Sense 1 is more general and could work, but sense 2 is more precise because it's about physical action. The gloss for sense 2 is "act physically on; have an effect upon", while sense 1 is "have an effect upon". The example for sense 2 is directly medical/biological, like the context. So sense 2 seems like the better fit.

Sense 3 is about "connect closely and often incriminatingly", which doesn't fit well because it's not about physical action but about involvement or implication.

Thus, I'll choose sense_index 2.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "short" with surface form "shorter" in the context: "Patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." The context is about survival times, which is a duration. The word "shorter" is used to compare survival times, implying a temporal sense. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration. Examples: "a short life; a short flight." This fits perfectly for "shorter survival times" meaning duration of survival is limited.

2. Sense 2: primarily spatial sense; having little length. This is spatial, not temporal.

3. Sense 3: low in stature; not tall. This refers to height, not duration.

4. Sense 4: not sufficient. Could be tempting, but survival times are not insufficient; they are just less in duration.

5. Sense 5: of memory. Not relevant.

6-11: not relevant.

Thus, sense 1 is the best match.

Output should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "survival" in the given context. The context is about cancer treatment and survival times. The target appears in the sentence: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." The phrase "survival times" clearly refers to the duration of remaining alive, which is a measure of time patients live. Among the candidate senses:

- Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" with synonyms including "endurance". This fits perfectly: "survival times" means times of remaining alive.
- Sense 2 is about evolution (natural selection), which is not relevant.
- Sense 3 is about something that survives (an object or custom), not applicable here.

The only candidate that matches is sense 1. Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "time" in its surface form "times" in the given context. The context is about survival times in a medical study. The target appears in: "had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta."

We need to choose the best sense from the list of 10 candidate senses.

The phrase "survival times" refers to the duration of survival, measured in months. The context mentions "average survival time was 8.3 months", "average survival time was 10.3 months", etc. So "times" here is a plural noun meaning periods or durations.

Let's examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
   This sense is about an occurrence or instance. "times" could be plural of that, as in "he called four times". But in "survival times", it's not about occasions; it's about durations. They are measuring the length of time, not the number of occurrences. However, in the example "four times", it refers to repeated instances. In medical context, "survival times" might refer to the durations patients survive, not the number of times they survive (which is once). So this is likely not correct.

2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
   This is about time as a resource. "I didn't have time". "Survival time" is not a resource; it's a measure of duration. Patients don't "have survival time" as something they control. So not this.

3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
   This is about a period, often with attributes. "He waited a long time" refers to a duration. "Survival time" is exactly a period of time during which a patient survives, often marked by a specific attribute (survival). It's an indefinite period measured in months. This seems very fitting: "a long time" vs "survival time". The examples include "he waited a long time", which is a duration. So "survival times" would be plural of that: periods of survival.

4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
   This is about a point in time when something should happen. "Time to go". Not about duration.

5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
   This is the abstract concept of time as a dimension. Not typically used in a countable way like "survival times". It's more philosophical. Not suitable.

6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
   This is about an experience, like a good time. Not about survival duration.

7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
   This is clock time, a specific point. Not a duration.

8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
   This is the dimension in physics. Not used in this medical context.

9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
   This is about musical rhythm. Not relevant.

10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years
    This is about a prison sentence. "Survival times" is not a sentence, but it is a period of time. However, this sense is very specific to imprisonment. The examples show "prison term", "sentence". "Survival time" is not a prison term. But it is a period of time. Could it be a metaphorical extension? No, it's a specific sense in WordNet. Usually, this sense is only for legal/criminal contexts. So not appropriate.

Comparing sense 1 and sense 3. Sense 1 is "an instance or single occasion". The example "he called four times" uses "times" as plural for occasions. But "survival times" is not about occasions; it's about the length of time. You could say "average survival time" is a number, and you might have multiple survival times for different patients. But is it an "instance" of survival? Actually, each patient has a survival time, which is a duration. It could be thought of as an instance if each patient's survival is an event, but the focus is on the duration, not the event occurrence. In the phrase "longer survival times", it means they lived for a longer period. So it's the period of time, not the occasion. The WordNet example for sense 1: "this time he succeeded; he called four times" - that's counting the number of occurrences. For sense 3: "he waited a long time" - that's a duration. "Survival time" is like waiting time, a period. So sense 3 is the most appropriate.

In medical literature, "survival time" is a standard term for the duration of survival. It fits the definition "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". Here, the attribute is survival.

Thus, I choose sense index 3.

The output should be a JSON: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
kalgebra is a <t>mathematical</t> calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language." The target word is "mathematical". The context says: "a mathematical calculator". Which sense? Senses:
1. of or pertaining to mathematics (e.g., a mathematical textbook)
2. relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers (synonyms: numerical) (e.g., a mathematical whiz)
3. beyond question
4. statistically possible though highly improbable
5. characterized by exactness or precision of mathematics

In this context, "mathematical calculator" refers to a calculator that deals with mathematics. It's about the nature of the calculator: it performs mathematical operations. That aligns with sense 1: of or pertaining to mathematics. Sense 2 is more about numerical aptitude (like a mathematical whiz), but a calculator is not a person with ability; it's a tool that is mathematical in nature. Sense 3,4,5 are clearly not appropriate. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus index: 1 (first sense in list). The sense index is the number in the list? They said "indexed sense", so the index is the number of the sense as listed (1 to 5). So I'll return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "based" in the given context. The target lemma is "base", and the surface form is "based". The context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language." We have three candidate senses.

Sense 1: base%2:31:00:: meaning "use as a basis for; found on" with synonyms establish, ground, found. Example: "base a claim on some observation". This fits perfectly: the calculator is based on MathML, meaning it uses MathML as its foundation. The phrase "based on" is exactly the usage here.

Sense 2: base%2:42:04:: meaning "situate as a center of operations", example: "we will base this project in the new lab". This implies locating or establishing a center for operations, not relevant to a calculator being founded on a language.

Sense 3: base%2:34:00:: meaning "use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes", obviously not relevant.

So the best sense is 1.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capable
Target surface form: capable
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for "capable" in the given context. The context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs." Note the grammatical oddity: "capable to make" is non-standard; usually it's "capable of making". However, the intended meaning is clear: kalgebra has the ability to perform operations and represent graphs.

Now, examine candidate senses:

1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
   - This seems directly applicable: kalgebra is capable of making/doing these operations. It follows the pattern "capable of" (even though the text says "to", it's likely a mistake). The definition mentions "having capacity or ability", which fits exactly.

2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
   - This means susceptible, as in "capable of misinterpretation". It implies something can happen, not an active ability. Not appropriate here.

3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
   - This is about having the disposition or inclination to do something, often morally charged. Not relevant to a calculator's functionality.

4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
   - This is about being sufficient for a task, like "He is equal to the challenge." It might work, but sense 1 is more direct: "having capacity or ability" vs "having requisite qualities". Sense 4 is more about being adequate for a specific requirement, whereas sense 1 is about general ability. The context says "capable to make simple MathML operations", which is simply stating an ability, not that it is adequate for a task. So sense 1 is better.

5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
   - This is about being competent, skilled. It applies to persons typically, not to software, though software can be capable in that sense. But note the example: "a capable administrator" refers to a skilled person. The context is about a calculator having the ability to do something, not about it being a capable calculator in the sense of being good at its job. The phrase "capable to make" is describing its capacities, not its overall competence. Sense 1 is more neutral and common for inanimate objects.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best match. It directly corresponds to "having capacity or ability" and the example "capable of winning" parallels "capable of making operations". The text uses "to" instead of "of", but that's a minor error.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index":

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: make, target surface form: make, and context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

We need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidate senses listed (1 through 49, but note the numbering is non-contiguous? Actually, the list provided has indices 1 to 49 but with gaps? Let's check: they are numbered 1 to 49, but some numbers are repeated? Looking carefully: they go from 1 to 49 in order. The text shows: 1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: ... 2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: ... up to 49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: ... with some missing numbers? Wait, I see 18, 19, 20... and then up to 49. But there are some numbers missing? Actually, the list seems to have 49 entries as printed, but the numbers are sequential: 1, 2, 3, ... 49. However, there are some typos in the text: "representate" should be "represent". The key phrase: "it is capable to make simple MathML operations". So "make" here means to perform or carry out operations. Synonym: do. Like sense 1: "make love, not war; make an effort" but that's "engage in" with examples "make love, make an effort". But here it's "make simple MathML operations" i.e., do/carry out operations. Sense 16: "make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move". That seems perfect: perform or carry out. Also, sense 1 is "engage in" which is close but more about activities like making love or effort. The context is about performing operations. Sense 16 specifically says "perform or carry out". There's also sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" with examples like "make a mess", but that's about creating a state. Sense 16 is more precise. Let's check other possibilities: sense 40 is "induce to have sex" no. sense 38 "gather and light the materials for" no. sense 39 "prepare for eating by applying heat" no. sense 37 "reach in time" no. So sense 16 is best.

But wait, the context says "make simple MathML operations". That could be interpreted as "create" operations? But "operations" here likely means calculations, not creating new operations. It's about performing arithmetic and logical operations. So "perform" is better. Also, the calculator is capable to do those operations. So sense 16: perform or carry out. Examples: make a decision, make a move. So I'll go with sense 16.

But we need to output only JSON with the index. The indices are numbered as in the list: 1 through 49. Which one is sense 16? It is the 16th item in the list. So index 16.

Double-check: The list starts: 1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in ... 2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties ... 3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: ... 4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: ... and so on. So sense 16 is indeed "perform or carry out". I'll answer with {"sense_index": 16}.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make <t>simple</t> MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "simple" in the context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."

We need to look at the candidate senses and pick the one that fits.

- Sense 1: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved. examples: a simple problem; simple mechanisms.
- Sense 2: easy and not involved or complicated. synonyms: elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic. examples: an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson.
- Sense 3: apart from anything else; without additions or modifications. bare, mere. examples: only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea.
- Sense 4: exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity. childlike, wide-eyed, etc.
- Sense 5: lacking mental capacity and subtlety. dim-witted, simple-minded.
- Sense 6: (botany) leaf shapes; leaves having no divisions.
- Sense 7: unornamented. examples: a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity.

In the context, "simple MathML operations" likely means operations that are not complex, basic, elementary. This could be sense 1 (having few parts; not complex) or sense 2 (easy, uncomplicated). Sense 3 (bare, mere) doesn't fit well: it would mean "only MathML operations" without anything else, but the sentence says it can make simple operations, not "mere operations". Sense 4 and 5 are about simplicity of personality/intellect, not relevant. Sense 6 is botanical. Sense 7 is about lack of ornamentation, not about complexity of operations.

Between sense 1 and 2: Both are similar, but sense 2 explicitly mentions "easy and not involved or complicated" and its synonym "elementary" fits well: "simple MathML operations" meaning elementary operations. Sense 1 is "having few parts; not complex", which also works. However, the WordNet gloss for sense 2 includes "easy", which might be more appropriate for describing operations that are easy to perform. In computing, "simple operations" typically means straightforward, basic, uncomplicated operations. I'd say sense 2 is more precise: "elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic" fits well. But note that sense 2 is an adjective satellite (sense_key simple%5:00:00:easy:01) vs sense 1 is adjective (simple%3:00:02::). Both are plausible. Let's see the examples: "a simple problem" for sense 1, "an elementary problem in statistics" for sense 2. "MathML operations" are like problems or tasks. Sense 2's example "an elementary problem in statistics" is analogous to "simple MathML operations". So I'll go with sense 2.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: operation
Target surface form: operations
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=operation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being in effect or being operative | examples=that rule is no longer in operation
2. sense_key=operation%1:04:06:: | definition=a business especially one run on a large scale | examples=a large-scale farming operation; a multinational operation
3. sense_key=operation%1:04:03:: | definition=a planned activity involving many people performing various actions | examples=they organized a rescue operation; the biggest police operation in French history
4. sense_key=operation%1:22:00:: | definition=(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction) | examples=it can perform millions of operations per second
5. sense_key=operation%1:04:02:: | definition=activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) | synonyms=military operation | examples=it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
6. sense_key=operation%1:04:00:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery
7. sense_key=operation%1:04:05:: | definition=a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work | synonyms=procedure | examples=the operations in building a house; certain machine tool operations
8. sense_key=operation%1:22:01:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=functioning, performance | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds
9. sense_key=operation%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=process, cognitive process, mental process, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
10. sense_key=operation%1:04:01:: | definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
11. sense_key=operation%1:04:07:: | definition=the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.) | examples=her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: operation, surface form: operations. Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

The word in context is "operations" inside parentheses: "(arithmetic and logical)". So it's clearly about arithmetic and logical operations in a mathematical calculator. Among the candidate senses, sense 10: "operation%1:04:01:: | definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic" seems perfect. It directly mentions arithmetic operations. Sense 4 is about computer science data processing, but that's more general. Here it specifies arithmetic and logical operations, which are mathematical. So sense 10 is the best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 10}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: 3d
Target surface form: 3D
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
2. sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "3D" in the given context. The candidate senses are two:

Sense 1: sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
Sense 2: sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

The context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

The target is "3D" in "representate 2D and 3D graphs". Clearly, "3D" here describes graphs that are three-dimensional, as opposed to 2D (two-dimensional). It's an adjective meaning having three dimensions. Sense 2 is the adjective sense: "having a three-dimensional form or appearance". Sense 1 is a noun sense: "a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance". In the context, we are talking about graphs, not movies. So the correct sense is the adjective one.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 2. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actually
Target surface form: actually
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is <t>actually</t> not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actually%4:02:01:: | definition=in actual fact | synonyms=really | examples=to be nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark
2. sense_key=actually%4:02:00:: | definition=used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly | synonyms=in reality | examples=you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin
3. sense_key=actually%4:02:03:: | definition=at the present moment | examples=the transmission screen shows the picture that is actually on the air
4. sense_key=actually%4:02:02:: | definition=as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis | examples=actually, we all help clear up after a meal; actually, I haven't seen the film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "actually" in the given sentence: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra." We need to choose among four candidate senses.

Let's examine each sense:

Sense 1: "in actual fact", synonyms: "really". Examples: "to be nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark." This sense is about stating the truth or fact of a situation, often contrasting with something that is only apparent or assumed.

Sense 2: "used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly", synonyms: "in reality". Examples: "you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin." This sense indicates something counter to expectation, something surprising.

Sense 3: "at the present moment". Example: "the transmission screen shows the picture that is actually on the air." This refers to current time.

Sense 4: "as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis". Examples: "actually, we all help clear up after a meal; actually, I haven't seen the film." This is a discourse use for emphasis or to introduce a statement, often softening a correction.

In the context: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra." The word "actually" is used inside the sentence, not as a sentence modifier at the beginning. It appears to be emphasizing that contrary to what someone might think, knowing MathML isn't necessary. There is an implication of surprise or counter-expectation: one might expect that you need to know MathML to use a MathML-based calculator, but in fact you don't. This aligns well with Sense 2: "used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly." The example "she actually spoke Latin" shows surprise. Similarly, here it's surprising that it's not necessary to know MathML.

Sense 1 ("in actual fact") is also possible, but it lacks the nuance of counter-expectation. The context has a contrast: a calculator based on MathML, yet you don't need to know MathML. That contrast makes Sense 2 more appropriate.

Sense 3 ("at the present moment") doesn't fit because there is no temporal reference.

Sense 4 is typically used at the beginning of a sentence or clause to add emphasis or correct, like "Actually, I don't think so." Here it's embedded: "It is actually not necessary..." It could be seen as a slight emphasis, but the emphasis is on the surprising nature, not just a filler or discourse marker. WordNet's example for Sense 4: "actually, we all help clear up after a meal" is a sentence-initial use. The given sentence has "actually" in middle, but that could also be an adverbial use. However, the primary meaning here seems to be counter-expectation.

Given the contrast, Sense 2 is the best. Sense 1 is more neutral, just stating a fact. The sentence is highlighting that it's not necessary, implying a contrast to what one might assume. Hence, Sense 2.

Thus, I choose sense index 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: necessary
Target surface form: necessary
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not <t>necessary</t> to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=necessary%3:00:00:: | definition=absolutely essential
2. sense_key=necessary%5:00:00:inevitable:00 | definition=unavoidably determined by prior circumstances | examples=the necessary consequences of one's actions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: target lemma "necessary", target surface form "necessary", context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not <t>necessary</t> to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator."

We need to choose between two senses:
1. sense_key=necessary%3:00:00:: | definition=absolutely essential
2. sense_key=necessary%5:00:00:inevitable:00 | definition=unavoidably determined by prior circumstances | examples=the necessary consequences of one's actions

The context says: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra." This means you don't have to know MathML; it's not required. So "necessary" here means "required" or "essential". That matches sense 1: absolutely essential. Sense 2 is about being unavoidable due to prior circumstances, like "necessary consequences", which doesn't fit here.

Thus, choose sense 1. Return as {"sense_index": 1}.