[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think
Target surface form: think
Context:
His eyes burned feverishly. "Yes, yes ", he muttered impatiently. "Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I <t>think</t> I can manage one more favor for you ". He waited eagerly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think%2:31:01:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=believe, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
2. sense_key=think%2:31:03:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
3. sense_key=think%2:31:00:: | definition=use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments | synonyms=cogitate, cerebrate | examples=I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere
4. sense_key=think%2:31:02:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=remember, retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
5. sense_key=think%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine or visualize | examples=Just think--you could be rich one day!; Think what a scene it must have been!
6. sense_key=think%2:31:09:: | definition=focus one's attention on a certain state | examples=Think big; think thin
7. sense_key=think%2:31:06:: | definition=have in mind as a purpose | synonyms=intend, mean | examples=I mean no harm; I only meant to help you
8. sense_key=think%2:31:12:: | definition=decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting | examples=Can you think what to do next?
9. sense_key=think%2:31:13:: | definition=ponder; reflect on, or reason about | examples=Think the matter through; Think how hard life in Russia must be these days
10. sense_key=think%2:31:15:: | definition=dispose the mind in a certain way | examples=Do you really think so?
11. sense_key=think%2:31:14:: | definition=have or formulate in the mind | examples=think good thoughts
12. sense_key=think%2:31:08:: | definition=be capable of conscious thought | examples=Man is the only creature that thinks
13. sense_key=think%2:30:00:: | definition=bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation | examples=She thought herself into a state of panic over the final exam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "think", and the surface form "think" in the context: "I think I can manage one more favor for you". The speaker is expressing a belief or expectation about their ability to manage a favor. Let's look at the candidate senses.

Sense 1: judge or regard; look upon; judge. Synonyms: believe, consider, conceive. Example: "I think he is very smart". This fits: "I think I can manage..." is expressing a judgment or belief about one's own ability. It's like "I believe I can manage..."

Sense 2: expect, believe, or suppose. Synonyms: opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess. Example: "I imagine she earned a lot of money". This also fits: "I think I can manage" could be an expression of expectation or supposition. But the context is "I think I can manage one more favor for you." It's not about expecting something external; it's about the speaker's own capability. "I think I can" is a common phrase expressing belief in ability. Sense 1 (judge/regard) seems more appropriate for personal assessment, like "I think he is smart" vs. "I think I can". Sense 2 includes "suppose" which is weaker. However, the line between these two senses is thin. In the example for sense 2: "I thought to find her in a bad state" uses "think" in the sense of expectation. But "I think I can" is more of a judgment about one's own ability, so sense 1 might be better.

Sense 3: use or exercise the mind, cogitate. Not this, because the speaker is not describing the process of thinking, but stating a belief.

Sense 4: recall knowledge from memory. Not this.

Sense 5: imagine or visualize. Not this.

Sense 6: focus one's attention on a certain state. Not this (e.g., "think big").

Sense 7: have in mind as a purpose, intend. Not this, because he's not saying "I intend to manage" but "I believe I can manage".

Sense 8: decide by pondering. Not this.

Sense 9: ponder; reflect on. Not this.

Sense 10: dispose the mind in a certain way. Example: "Do you really think so?" This is like expressing an opinion. "I think so" is a synonym of "I believe so". That is similar. Sense 10 might be a candidate: "Do you really think so?" means "Do you believe that?" Here, "I think I can manage" is similar to "I think so". But sense 10 is defined as "dispose the mind in a certain way", which is vague. The example suggests it's about having a particular belief or opinion. But sense 1 also covers that.

Let's check the definitions more carefully. Sense 1: judge or regard; look upon; judge. Synonyms: believe, consider, conceive. Sense 10: dispose the mind in a certain way. Example: "Do you really think so?" Typically, "think so" is used to replace a that-clause. In our sentence, "I think I can manage" has a that-clause implicitly: "I think (that) I can manage". That is the common verb "think" taking a sentential complement, expressing a propositional attitude. This is often covered by sense 1 or sense 2. In WordNet, sense 1 is for "think" meaning "judge or regard" as in "I think he is very smart". Sense 2 is for "expect, believe, or suppose". The difference might be that sense 1 is more about judging something to be the case, while sense 2 is about expecting. The example for sense 2: "I thought to find her in a bad state" uses a non-finite complement. For finite complements, sense 1 seems more typical. The example "I think he is very smart" is exactly the same structure: "I think (that) he is very smart". So "I think I can manage" matches syntactically and semantically with sense 1. Sense 2 might also work, but the synonym "suppose" is weaker. Also, sense 1 includes the synonym "believe", which is often used in "I believe I can". So I'll go with sense 1.

But let's be thorough: sense 1 and sense 2 are both possible. Which one is better? The context is: "I think I can manage one more favor for you." He's expressing a belief about his own capability. It's not an expectation about a future event, but a judgment about his current ability. Sense 1: judge or regard. Sense 2: expect, believe, or suppose. The example for sense 2: "I imagine she earned a lot" is also similar. However, WordNet often has fine distinctions. I'll check if there's a more precise one. In many WSD tasks, the sense for "think" in "I think I can" is the belief sense, which is often sense 1 in WordNet (the one with "believe" as a synonym). Sense 2 includes "suppose" which is more about conjecturing. Here, the speaker says "I think I can manage" with apparent confidence; it's a firm belief, not a mere supposition. So sense 1 fits better.

Also, the context: "Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you." He's eagerly saying he believes he can do it. So it's a judgment about his capability. I'll pick sense 1.

Thus, the answer is sense_index 1.

Now, format as JSON.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: favor
Target surface form: favor
Context:
His eyes burned feverishly. "Yes, yes ", he muttered impatiently. "Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more <t>favor</t> for you ". He waited eagerly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=favor%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of gracious kindness | synonyms=favour
2. sense_key=favor%1:07:00:: | definition=an advantage to the benefit of someone or something | synonyms=favour | examples=the outcome was in his favor
3. sense_key=favor%1:09:00:: | definition=an inclination to approve | synonyms=favour | examples=that style is in favor this season
4. sense_key=favor%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of favorable regard | synonyms=favour
5. sense_key=favor%1:06:00:: | definition=souvenir consisting of a small gift given to a guest at a party | synonyms=party favor, party favour, favour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "favor" and target surface form "favor". The context: "His eyes burned feverishly. 'Yes, yes', he muttered impatiently. 'Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you'. He waited eagerly."

We have to choose the best sense from the candidate senses.

Candidate senses:
1. an act of gracious kindness (synonyms: favour)
2. an advantage to the benefit of someone or something (e.g., the outcome was in his favor)
3. an inclination to approve (e.g., that style is in favor this season)
4. a feeling of favorable regard
5. souvenir consisting of a small gift given to a guest at a party

Context: The speaker is talking about making an accident happen for a customer with an alibi. He's offering to "manage one more favor" for Phil. This suggests he's doing something for Phil, an act of kindness or service. It's likely an act that helps Phil, possibly something illicit. "Favor" here means doing something helpful for someone, an act of kindness. Sense 1 fits perfectly: an act of gracious kindness. Sense 2 is about an advantage, but typically used in phrases like "in his favor" meaning to his benefit. Here, it's a countable favor he can do for someone. Sense 2 is not typically used as "do a favor" meaning "an advantage"; it's more abstract. Sense 1 is the classic "do someone a favor" meaning a helpful act. Sense 3 is about approval, sense 4 is a feeling, sense 5 is a party favor gift. Clearly sense 1.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wait
Target surface form: waited
Context:
"Yes, yes ", he muttered impatiently. "Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you ". He <t>waited</t> eagerly. Haney swished the liquor in the bottom of his glass.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wait%2:42:00:: | definition=stay in one place and anticipate or expect something | examples=I had to wait on line for an hour to get the tickets
2. sense_key=wait%2:42:01:: | definition=wait before acting | synonyms=hold off, hold back | examples=the scientists held off announcing their results until they repeated the experiment
3. sense_key=wait%2:31:00:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=expect, look, await | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=wait%2:41:00:: | definition=serve as a waiter or waitress in a restaurant | synonyms=waitress | examples=I'm waiting on tables at Maxim's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "waited" in the given context. The target lemma is "wait" and the surface form is "waited". We have four candidate senses with their definitions, examples, and synonyms. We need to choose the best sense based on the context.

Context: "Yes, yes ", he muttered impatiently. "Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you ". He <t>waited</t> eagerly. Haney swished the liquor in the bottom of his glass.

The sentence: "He waited eagerly." The surrounding context: someone is speaking impatiently, mentioning an accident, alibi, and doing a favor. The next sentence: "Haney swished the liquor in the bottom of his glass." It seems like a conversation where one person is eager to hear something from the other.

Now, analyze each sense:

1. sense 1: stay in one place and anticipate or expect something. Example: I had to wait on line for an hour to get the tickets. This is the general sense of staying and waiting for something to happen. "He waited eagerly" could fit: he stayed expectantly.

2. sense 2: wait before acting; hold off, hold back. Example: the scientists held off announcing their results until they repeated the experiment. This implies deliberately delaying an action. In the context, he is eagerly waiting, not holding back. He wants something to happen. So this sense doesn't fit well because he seems impatient, not holding off.

3. sense 3: look forward to the probable occurrence of; expect, look, await. Example: We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion. This sense involves anticipation of something likely to happen. "He waited eagerly" could mean he was looking forward to something, expecting something from the other person. However, the verb "wait" here is intransitive. In sense 3, it is defined as "look forward to the probable occurrence of" with synonyms "expect, look, await". This often takes an object, like "await something". In the context, "waited" has no direct object, but it can be used intransitively. Sense 3 is more about mental expectation, not necessarily staying put.

4. sense 4: serve as a waiter or waitress in a restaurant. Example: I'm waiting on tables at Maxim's. This is clearly irrelevant.

The key phrase is "He waited eagerly." In the conversation, he just said "Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you." Then he waited eagerly. He is likely pausing, expecting a response or action from Phil. It seems like anticipation, not just staying in one place physically. Sense 1 is the most general and neutral: stay in one place and anticipate. Sense 3 is about the anticipation itself. Which one fits better? The adverb "eagerly" suggests a strong anticipation or desire. In sense 1, it's just staying and waiting. In sense 3, it's looking forward to something. Both could work. But WordNet senses are fine-grained; we need the best one.

Consider the context: He is impatient, he wants something from Phil. He says "I think I can manage one more favor for you" and then waits eagerly. He might be waiting for Phil to respond or give approval. It's not necessarily staying in one place, but it's that he anticipates something. Sense 3 is more about expectation rather than the physical act of staying. But the example for sense 3: "We were expecting a visit from our relatives." That's a mental state, not necessarily staying. While sense 1: "I had to wait on line for an hour" is about staying in a line. In the context, "He waited eagerly" seems like he is staying in place, eagerly anticipating, but the focus is on the eagerness. Often, "wait" in such contexts is just sense 1. The WordNet sense 1 is "stay in one place and anticipate or expect something." It already includes anticipation. Sense 3 is specifically "look forward to the probable occurrence of", which is similar but more focused on the expectation itself. However, sense 3 typically takes an object (one looks forward to something), while here it's intransitive. In WordNet, sense 3 is listed as a verb that can be transitive: "We were expecting a visit" - that's a direct object. "He waited eagerly" has no object. So sense 1 is intransitive. Thus, sense 1 is more likely the correct one.

Additionally, check the synsets: For "wait", the first sense (wait%2:42:00) is the most common. The part of speech: both are verb senses. Sense 1: domain? Sense 3: also a verb. In the sentence, "waited" is intransitive. Sense 3 is often used transitively (await something, expect something). For example: "He was waiting a promotion" would sound odd; we usually say "waiting for a promotion". Sense 3 might actually be used with a preposition? Actually, the synset for "expect" has "look forward to" which often takes an object. The WordNet examples: "We were expecting a visit" and "She is looking to a promotion" (the latter is awkward). But they are transitive uses. In our sentence, no object. So sense 1 is intransitive and fits better.

Moreover, the context: "He waited eagerly." The previous sentence is a direct speech asking Phil to let him prove something. So he is waiting for Phil's response. That is a typical wait, staying in anticipation. So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: liquor
Target surface form: liquor
Context:
"Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you ". He waited eagerly. Haney swished the <t>liquor</t> in the bottom of his glass.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=liquor%1:13:00:: | definition=an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented | synonyms=spirits, booze, hard drink, hard liquor, John Barleycorn, strong drink
2. sense_key=liquor%1:27:00:: | definition=a liquid substance that is a solution (or emulsion or suspension) used or obtained in an industrial process | examples=waste liquors
3. sense_key=liquor%1:13:01:: | definition=the liquid in which vegetables or meat have be cooked | synonyms=pot liquor, pot likker

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "liquor" in the given context. The target word is "liquor", surface form "liquor". Context: "Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you ". He waited eagerly. Haney swished the <t>liquor</t> in the bottom of his glass.

We need to choose the best indexed sense among three candidates. The context involves Haney swishing the liquor in the bottom of his glass. That strongly suggests a drink, specifically an alcoholic beverage. Sense 1 is "an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented". Sense 2 is industrial liquid substance, not relevant. Sense 3 is cooking liquid from vegetables or meat. The context is about a glass, so it's likely a drunk beverage. So sense 1 is correct. The examples: "spirits, booze, hard drink, hard liquor, John Barleycorn, strong drink". This fits. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
"Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you ". He waited eagerly. Haney swished the liquor in the <t>bottom</t> of his glass.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "bottom" in the sentence: "Haney swished the liquor in the <t>bottom</t> of his glass." The target is "bottom" and the context is about a glass with liquor being swished. The candidate senses are given. We need to pick the best indexed sense.

Looking at the sentence, "bottom" refers to the part of the glass where the remaining liquor is, i.e., the lowest part inside the glass. This fits sense 2: "the lowest part of anything" with examples like "they started at the bottom of the hill." Sense 1 is "the lower side of anything" which is more about the underside of an object, but a glass's bottom is the lowest part, not necessarily the underside (the underside would be the outside bottom, but here it's inside the glass). Sense 5 is "a depression forming the ground under a body of water," not applicable. Sense 3 is about buttocks, obviously not. Sense 4 is baseball, not. Sense 6 is about land near a river, not. Sense 7 is a ship, not.

Thus, sense 2 is the best fit: "the lowest part of anything." The context indicates the liquor is swished in the bottom (lowest part) of the glass.

Now, return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: glass
Target surface form: glass
Context:
"Of course it looked like an accident. I always work it that way -- and always at a time when the customer has an alibi. Let me prove it, Phil. I think I can manage one more favor for you ". He waited eagerly. Haney swished the liquor in the bottom of his <t>glass</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=glass%1:27:00:: | definition=a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure
2. sense_key=glass%1:06:00:: | definition=a container for holding liquids while drinking | synonyms=drinking glass
3. sense_key=glass%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity a glass will hold | synonyms=glassful
4. sense_key=glass%1:06:03:: | definition=a small refracting telescope | synonyms=field glass, spyglass
5. sense_key=glass%1:06:01:: | definition=an amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine) used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used as a stimulant to the nervous system and as an appetite suppressant | synonyms=methamphetamine, methamphetamine hydrochloride, Methedrine, meth, deoxyephedrine, chalk
6. sense_key=glass%1:06:02:: | definition=a mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror | synonyms=looking glass
7. sense_key=glass%1:06:04:: | definition=glassware collectively | examples=She collected old glass

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "Haney swished the liquor in the bottom of his glass." The target word is "glass." Context: Haney is drinking liquor, swirling it in the glass. So it's a container for holding liquids while drinking. That matches sense 2: "a container for holding liquids while drinking" with synonym "drinking glass". Sense 3 is quantity, but "swished the liquor in the bottom of his glass" is about the physical object, not the quantity. So sense 2 is

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rout
Target surface form: rout
Context:
Tuesday's <t>rout</t> of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rout%1:14:00:: | definition=a disorderly crowd of people | synonyms=mob, rabble
2. sense_key=rout%1:11:00:: | definition=an overwhelming defeat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "rout" in the context: "Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful..." Here, "rout" is used in a political context where a candidate was defeated. The context mentions a "Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since..." and that the rout is a reminder of something about ticket splitting. This clearly refers to an overwhelming defeat in an election. So sense 2, "an overwhelming defeat," fits perfectly. Sense 1 is about a disorderly crowd, which doesn't fit here. Thus, the index is 2.

Now, output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: back
Target surface form: backed
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't <t>backed</t> a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=back%2:41:00:: | definition=be behind; approve of | synonyms=endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support | examples=He plumped for the Labor Party; I backed Kennedy in 1960
2. sense_key=back%2:38:00:: | definition=travel backward | examples=back into the driveway; The car backed up and hit the tree
3. sense_key=back%2:41:01:: | definition=give support or one's approval to | synonyms=second, endorse, indorse | examples=I'll second that motion; I can't back this plan
4. sense_key=back%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to travel backward | examples=back the car into the parking spot
5. sense_key=back%2:40:00:: | definition=support financial backing for | examples=back this enterprise
6. sense_key=back%2:42:00:: | definition=be in back of | examples=My garage backs their yard
7. sense_key=back%2:33:00:: | definition=place a bet on | synonyms=bet on, gage, stake, game, punt | examples=Which horse are you backing?; I'm betting on the new horse
8. sense_key=back%2:30:03:: | definition=shift to a counterclockwise direction | examples=the wind backed
9. sense_key=back%2:30:00:: | definition=establish as valid or genuine | synonyms=back up | examples=Can you back up your claims?
10. sense_key=back%2:30:01:: | definition=strengthen by providing with a back or backing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "back" and the surface form "backed". The context: "a Mississippi district that hasn't <t>backed</t> a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson". The phrase "hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate" means hasn't supported or endorsed a Democratic candidate in elections. The senses provided include multiple meanings related to support. Senses 1, 3, and 5 are about support: sense 1: "be behind; approve of", synonyms: endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support. Sense 3: "give support or one's approval to", synonyms: second, endorse, indorse. Sense 5: "support financial backing for", example "back this enterprise". The context is about a district's electoral support for a candidate, not financial backing. It's about political endorsement/support. Sense 1 and 3 are very similar. Check the examples: Sense 1: "He plumped for the Labor Party; I backed Kennedy in 1960". Sense 3: "I'll second that motion; I can't back this plan". The phrase "backed a Democratic presidential candidate" is analogous to "I backed Kennedy in 1960". That perfectly matches sense 1's example. Moreover, sense 1 definition: "be behind; approve of". Sense 3 definition: "give support or one's approval to". Sense 1 seems more about being a supporter, while sense 3 is about formally seconding or approving a plan. The context is about electoral support, so sense 1 fits best. Sense 5 is financial. So I choose sense 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a <t>Democratic</t> presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for "Democrati" (Democratic) in the given context. The target surface form is "Democratic", capitalized, referring to a "Democratic presidential candidate". The context mentions "a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson". Clearly, this is referring to the Democratic Party in the United States. The sense definitions: sense 1 is about principles of democracy, social equality; sense 2 is specifically about belonging to the Democratic Party; sense 3 is about appealing to the people at large, popular. In context, "Democratic presidential candidate" directly indicates a candidate from the Democratic Party. So sense 2 is the correct one.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presidential
Target surface form: presidential
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic <t>presidential</t> candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presidential%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to a president or presidency | examples=presidential aides; presidential veto
2. sense_key=presidential%3:00:00:: | definition=befitting a president | examples=criticized the candidate for not looking presidential

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "presidential" in the context: "Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson..."

The two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=presidential%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to a president or presidency | examples=presidential aides; presidential veto

2. sense_key=presidential%3:00:00:: | definition=befitting a president | examples=criticized the candidate for not looking presidential

In the context, "presidential candidate" clearly means a candidate for the presidency, i.e., relating to a president or presidency. Sense 1 fits this meaning perfectly. Sense 2 is about having the qualities befitting a president, like dignity or authority, which is not the intended meaning here; it's about the office, not the demeanor. So sense 1 is correct.

Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidate
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential <t>candidate</t> since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target word "candidate" in the given context. The context mentions "a Democratic presidential candidate" and later "a different party's candidate for the White House" and "for the House of Representatives." So clearly the context is about political candidates running for office. The two senses provided are:

Sense 1: a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee)
Sense 2: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonym: prospect)

Given the context is specifically about presidential and congressional candidates in elections, it's clearly referring to a politician running for office. Sense 1 is more specific to politicians running for office, while Sense 2 is broader. The examples and synonyms: Sense 1 has "campaigner, nominee", Sense 2 has "prospect". The text uses "candidate" in the political electoral context repeatedly. Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

Output JSON with {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reminder
Target surface form: reminder
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another <t>reminder</t> that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reminder%1:10:00:: | definition=a message that helps you remember something | examples=he ignored his wife's reminders
2. sense_key=reminder%1:09:00:: | definition=an experience that causes you to remember something
3. sense_key=reminder%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who gives a warning so that a mistake can be avoided | synonyms=admonisher, monitor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "reminder" in the given context. The context is: "Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another <t>reminder</t> that, at least at the federal level, political 'ticket splitting' has been on the rise over the past half century."

We have three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=reminder%1:10:00:: | definition=a message that helps you remember something | examples=he ignored his wife's reminders
2. sense_key=reminder%1:09:00:: | definition=an experience that causes you to remember something
3. sense_key=reminder%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who gives a warning so that a mistake can be avoided | synonyms=admonisher, monitor

In the context, the "reminder" is that a political event (the rout of a GOP candidate) serves as a reminder of a broader trend (ticket splitting). It is not a literal message, but rather an event that causes one to remember or realize something. Sense 2 is "an experience that causes you to remember something." This fits perfectly: the election result is an experience that reminds us of the trend. Sense 1 is a message, which doesn't fit because there's no explicit message being conveyed; it's the event itself. Sense 3 is a person, which clearly doesn't fit. Therefore, sense 2 is the best.

So the answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the <t>federal</t> level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "federal" with four indexed senses. The context is: "... at least at the federal level ..." referring to political ticket splitting at the national level. The sentence mentions that the district hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson, and that ticket splitting has been on the rise at the federal level. This clearly refers to the U.S. federal government, as distinct from state governments.

Let's examine the senses:
- Sense 1: national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units (examples: Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts). This fits perfectly: "federal level" means the national level, as opposed to state or local levels.
- Sense 2: of or relating to the central government of a federation (example: a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government). This also could fit, but sense 1 is more specifically about the U.S. government and includes "especially in reference to the government of the United States".
- Sense 3: being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the Civil War (Union soldiers, Federal forces). This is historical and not relevant here.
- Sense 4: characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities. This describes the structure of a federal system, but in the context "at the federal level" it's about the level of government, not the system itself.

The context clearly refers to the U.S. national government level (as opposed to state or local). Sense 1 is the best fit because it specifically denotes the U.S. national government and has examples like "federal courts". Sense 2 is more generic, but sense 1 is more precise given the "especially in reference to the government of the United States" part. Since we must choose the best single sense, sense 1 is appropriate.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal <t>level</t>, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "level" in the given context. The context is: "Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal <t>level</t>, political 'ticket splitting' has been on the rise over the past half century."

The phrase is "at the federal level". This is a common expression meaning at the federal tier or scope of government. We need to choose among the given senses.

Let's examine each sense:

1. degree, grade: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. Example: "a high level of care". That doesn't fit "federal level" — federal is not a degree of intensity.

2. grade, tier: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group. Example: "lumber of the highest grade". That implies ranking, like high grade lumber. Could "federal level" mean the federal tier within a hierarchy of government? Possibly, but "level" here refers to a layer or rank of government (federal vs. state vs. local). This sense is about value grading, not necessarily about hierarchical layers of a system. However, "tier" might fit: federal tier. But it says "degree of value", which doesn't match.

3. degree, stage, point: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. Example: "at what stage are the social sciences?" This sense is about stages in a process or continuum. "Federal level" doesn't seem like a stage in a process. It's not a point in a series.

4. height above ground: e.g., water reached ankle level. Not applicable.

5. spirit level: tool. No.

6. horizontal surface: e.g., park on the level. No.

7. layer, stratum: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth. Example: "a good actor communicates on several levels". This sense is about conceptual layers or levels of meaning. "Federal level" could be considered an abstract layer of government organization. It's a stratum in the political system.

8. floor, storey, story: a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale. Example: "what level is the office on?" That's a physical floor, not applicable.

Now, between senses 2 and 7, which one fits "at the federal level" best? Sense 2 is "grade, tier" with emphasis on degree of value in a graded group (like high grade lumber). Sense 7 is "layer, stratum" for abstract places with depth, like levels of meaning or layers of society. Political levels (federal, state, local) are often described as layers or strata. For instance, "at the federal level" means at that layer of governance. The example in sense 7 mentions "a good actor communicates on several levels" – abstract layers. I'd lean toward sense 7 because it explicitly mentions abstract layers, and political levels are akin to strata. Sense 2 is more about quality grades. So I'll choose 7.

But let's double-check: sense 2 says "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" and the example is "lumber of the highest grade". There's no value grading in "federal level"; it's just a tier in a system. Sense 7's definition: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" with synonyms layer, stratum. Federal level is an abstract place (like a tier) with depth in the sense of hierarchy. So I think 7 is correct.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 7}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: political
Target surface form: political
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, <t>political</t> "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=political%3:00:00:: | definition=involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; - Daniel Goleman | examples=calling a meeting is a political act in itself; political pressure
2. sense_key=political%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power | examples=political opinions
3. sense_key=political%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the profession of governing | examples=political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "political" with surface form "political" in the given context. The context is: "Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political 'ticket splitting' has been on the rise over the past half century."

We must choose among three candidate senses:
1. sense_key=political%3:00:00:: | definition=involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; - Daniel Goleman | examples=calling a meeting is a political act in itself; political pressure
2. sense_key=political%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power | examples=political opinions
3. sense_key=political%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the profession of governing | examples=political career

We need to pick the single best indexed sense, return a JSON with the corresponding sense_index. Note: The sense keys provided have placeholders like %3:00:00::, but we just need to map to the index (1, 2, or 3) corresponding to the bullet points above. The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." So we just output the index.

Now, let's analyze the context: "political 'ticket splitting'". The phrase "ticket splitting" refers to voting for candidates from different parties for different offices. The term "political" modifies "ticket splitting", meaning ticket splitting in the context of politics. The overall meaning is related to politics involving parties and elections. Sense 1 says "involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians". This fits perfectly because ticket splitting is a political act involving political parties. Sense 2 is about personal views on social relationships involving authority or power — that doesn't fit "political ticket splitting". Sense 3 is about the profession of governing, like a political career, which doesn't fit either.

Thus, sense 1 is the best match.

Output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the <t>past</t> half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%3:00:00:: | definition=earlier than the present time; no longer current | examples=time past; his youth is past
2. sense_key=past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 | definition=of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office | synonyms=preceding, retiring | examples=a retiring member of the board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "past" in the given context. The target is "past" in the phrase "over the past half century." Let's look at the candidate senses.

Sense 1: past%3:00:00:: — definition: earlier than the present time; no longer current. Examples: time past; his youth is past. This seems to refer to a time that has already occurred.

Sense 2: past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 — definition: of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office. Synonyms: preceding, retiring. Examples: a retiring member of the board. This is about a person who formerly held a role.

In the context: "over the past half century" clearly means the most recent half-century, i.e., the period of time preceding the present. It does not refer to a person. So sense 1 is appropriate.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

We return the JSON: {"sense_index":


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presidential
Target surface form: presidential
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one <t>presidential</t> election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presidential%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to a president or presidency | examples=presidential aides; presidential veto
2. sense_key=presidential%3:00:00:: | definition=befitting a president | examples=criticized the candidate for not looking presidential

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "presidential" and its surface form "presidential". The context is about election years and congressional districts. The word "presidential" appears in the phrase "presidential election year". This is clearly referring to an election for the president, so it relates to a president or presidency. Sense 1 is the correct one: "relating to a president or presidency" with examples like "presidential aides; presidential veto". Sense 2 is about "befitting a president", like looking presidential, which doesn't fit here.

Thus, choose sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: election
Target surface form: election
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential <t>election</t> year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=election%1:04:01:: | definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight
2. sense_key=election%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession
3. sense_key=election%1:26:00:: | definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election
4. sense_key=election%1:09:00:: | definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Tuesday's rout ... in a district ... In only one presidential <t>election</t> year prior to 1948 did more than 20% ..." The target word is "election" in the phrase "presidential election year". So it's referring to the year when voters choose a president. That's clearly sense 1: a vote to select the winner of a political office. Sense 2 is about deliberate choice in general, like choosing a profession. Sense 3 is about the status of being elected. Sense 4 is theological. So best fit is sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election <t>year</t> prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "year" in the context:

"Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political 'ticket splitting' has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election <t>year</t> prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%."

The target word is "year" inside "<t>year</t>". The phrase is "In only one presidential election year prior to 1948". Here, "year" is used as part of the phrase "election year", meaning a year in which an election takes place. The context is about presidential election years. The word "year" here refers to a specific calendar year that is associated with an election. This is a sense of "year" that indicates a period of time containing 365 days, but specifically tied to an event. Looking at the candidate senses:

Sense 1: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days, synonyms twelvemonth, yr, examples: she is 4 years old; in the year 1920. This is the general sense of a calendar year. In the context, "presidential election year" still uses this sense, because it's simply a year (a 365-day period) that happens to have an election. The phrase "election year" is a compound noun, but the word "year" itself retains its basic meaning.

Sense 2: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity, e.g., a school year. A school year is not a full calendar year; it's a part of a year (like the academic year). In the context, "presidential election year" is not a part of a year; it's a full year. So sense 2 doesn't fit.

Sense 3: the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun, e.g., a Martian year. No.

Sense 4: a body of students who graduate together, e.g., class, the class of '97. No.

Thus, the correct sense is sense 1, because "year" here means a specific calendar year (like "in the year 1920") as part of the phrase "presidential election year". The phrase "election year" simply combines "election" with "year" meaning a 365-day period. So sense 1 is the best fit.

The instruction says: return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So we need to output {"sense_index":


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nation
Target surface form: nation
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the <t>nation</t>'s congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nation%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=nation%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=land, country | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
3. sense_key=nation%1:18:00:: | definition=United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911) | synonyms=Carry Nation, Carry Amelia Moore Nation
4. sense_key=nation%1:14:02:: | definition=a federation of tribes (especially Native American tribes) | examples=the Shawnee nation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "the <t>nation</t>'s congressional districts". This refers to a political entity: the United States. The context discusses U.S. congressional districts and presidential elections. So "nation" here means a country, a politically organized body. Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" with synonyms "state, country, land, etc." and example "the state has elected a new president; African nations". Sense 2 is about the people, but here it's about the nation's congressional districts, which are government divisions, not about the people's mood. So sense 1 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: choose
Target surface form: choose
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts <t>choose</t> a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=choose%2:31:00:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=take, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
2. sense_key=choose%2:31:02:: | definition=select as an alternative over another | synonyms=prefer, opt | examples=I always choose the fish over the meat courses in this restaurant; She opted for the job on the East coast
3. sense_key=choose%2:31:01:: | definition=see fit or proper to act in a certain way; decide to act in a certain way | examples=She chose not to attend classes and now she failed the exam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "choose" with surface form "choose" in context: "Tuesday's rout... districts <t>choose</t> a different party's candidate...". We need to select the best sense among three candidates.

Sense 1: "pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives" (synonyms: take, select, pick out; example: "Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter"). This is a general selection sense.

Sense 2: "select as an alternative over another" (synonyms: prefer, opt; example: "I always choose the fish over the meat courses..."). This emphasizes selecting one thing over another, a preference.

Sense 3: "see fit or proper to act in a certain way; decide to act in a certain way" (example: "She chose not to attend classes..."). This is about deciding to act.

In the context: "districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives." This means districts select one candidate (say, Democratic) for president and a different party's candidate (Republican) for House. But the verb "choose" is used with a direct object "a different party's candidate". They are picking a candidate. It's not about preferring one over another explicitly; it's about selecting from options. The sense seems to be the general selection sense (Sense 1). However, note that they choose a different party's candidate, implying they choose one party over the other? But it's not a comparison structure like "choose X over Y". It's simply "choose a candidate". Sense 2 involves an explicit alternative. Sense 1 fits better. The context is about ticket-splitting: voters select a candidate from one party for president and a different party for House. So they pick out or select a candidate. I'd say Sense 1.

Let's check the definitions: Sense 1 is "pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives". That's exactly what voters do: they select a candidate from the alternatives. Sense 2 is "select as an alternative over another", which implies a direct comparison between two specific things. The sentence here doesn't have that structure; it just says "choose a different party's candidate". Sense 3 is about deciding to act (e.g., choose to do something), but here "choose" is followed by a noun phrase, not an infinitive clause.

Thus, Sense 1 is the best fit.

So return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different <t>party</t>'s candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "party" and surface form "party". The context is about a political context, discussing congressional districts choosing a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. So it's clearly about political parties. The candidate senses: sense 1 is "an organization to gain political power" with synonyms "political party" and example about a third party at the national level. That fits perfectly. Sense 2 is social pleasure gathering, sense 3 is a temporary band for activity, sense 4 is social event, sense 5 is legal person. So sense 1 is correct. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidate
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's <t>candidate</t> for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "candidate" and the target surface form "candidate". The context is:
"Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political 'ticket splitting' has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%."

We have two senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Both senses deal with running for office. Sense 1 specifically says "a politician who is running for public office". Sense 2 is more general: "someone who is considered for something". In the context, we see "presidential candidate", "party's candidate for the White House", referring to a person running for office. The context is clearly about political elections. The first sense is more specific to a politician running for office. The second sense might also apply, but the first sense is a more precise match. The examples: sense 1 synonyms: campaigner, nominee. Candidate here is clearly a nominee of a party for president. So sense 1 fits better. The instruction says: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." So we go with sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1} (or 0-indexed? The senses are listed as 1 and 2, so index 1 for first, index 2 for second. I'll use the number as given.)

Thus: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: percentage
Target surface form: percentage
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that <t>percentage</t> routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=percentage%1:24:00:: | definition=a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred) | synonyms=percent, per centum, pct
2. sense_key=percentage%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, part | examples=he wanted his share in cash

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "percentage" appearing as "percentage" in the given context. We have two candidate senses from WordNet. We need to choose the single best indexed sense based on the context, synonyms, and examples. Do not return the sense key, just return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

Let's analyze the context: "In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate... Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%." Here, "percentage" refers to the proportion of congressional districts that voted for different parties for president and House. It's clearly a numerical proportion, a rate. The sense key percentage%1:24:00:: defines it as "a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)" with synonyms: percent, per centum, pct. This perfectly matches the usage: "20%" and then "percentage" referring to that proportion. The second sense is about assets/ownership shares, which doesn't fit the context at all. So the correct sense is 1.

We return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equal
Target surface form: equals
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely <t>equals</t> a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equal%2:42:00:: | definition=be identical or equivalent to | synonyms=be | examples=One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!
2. sense_key=equal%2:42:01:: | definition=be equal to in quality or ability | synonyms=touch, rival, match | examples=Nothing can rival cotton for durability; Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues
3. sense_key=equal%2:30:00:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=match, equalize, equalise, equate | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "equal" with surface form "equals" in the given context. The candidate senses are provided with indices 1, 2, 3. We need to choose the single best indexed sense.

Context: "Now that percentage routinely <t>equals</t> a third and twice has been above 40%." The target is the verb "equals" meaning the percentage is equal to a third (about 33.3%). So, the meaning is "is equal to" in the sense of being identical or equivalent to a numerical value. Let's examine the senses:

Sense 1: definition=be identical or equivalent to, example: "One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!" This is about numerical equivalence, identity in value.

Sense 2: definition=be equal to in quality or ability, examples: "Nothing can rival cotton for durability"; "Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues". This is about being as good as, matching in quality. Not about numerical equality.

Sense 3: definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching, examples: "let's equalize the duties among all employees"; "The company matched the discount policy". This is a ditransitive or causative sense: to make something equal to something else. In the context, "percentage equals a third" is not about making equal; it's about being equal.

Clearly, in the context, "equals" means "is identical or equivalent to" in terms of numerical value. So sense 1 is the best match.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we <t>know</t>, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "know" as used in the given context. The context sentence: "As we <t>know</t>, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." We need to pick the best indexed sense (1-11) based on the glosses and examples.

Let's examine each sense:

1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Now, analyze the context: "As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress." The phrase "as we know" is commonly used to introduce a piece of information that is generally accepted or known by the speaker and audience. It implies shared knowledge of a fact. This aligns with sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information." The examples: "I know that the President lied..." and "I want to know who is winning..." show knowledge of facts. Sense 3 is similar: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt." Both 1 and 3 deal with factual knowledge. The difference? Sense 1 emphasizes being aware of a fact; sense 3 emphasizes belief/faith/regarding as true. In the context, "as we know" is about a known fact that voters tend to favor Republicans... This is a factual statement. Looking at the examples: sense 1 example includes "I know that the President lied to the people" which is exactly the same structure: "know that [clause]". Sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table" also "know that". The distinction might be subtle: sense 3 says "regard as true beyond any doubt", maybe stronger conviction. However, in WordNet, sense 1 is the most common sense for "know that" type constructions. Also, sense 1 has the gloss "possess knowledge or information about". It seems to be the basic sense of knowing a fact. Sense 3 adds "have a belief or faith in something" – it's more about certainty. But the context "as we know" is simply stating a known fact, not emphasizing doubt or belief. I think sense 1 is the best match. No other senses fit: sense 2 is about skills, 4 about familiarity with person/object, 5 about firsthand experience, 6 about acknowledgment of authority, 7 about memorized knowledge (I know Latin), 8 is irrelevant, 9 about knowing character, 10 about distinguishing, 11 about perceiving as familiar. So only 1 and 3 compete. I'd lean toward 1 because it's the primary sense for "know that ..." and the examples match exactly. Sense 3's examples also match, but the definition mentions "truth", "belief", "regard as true beyond any doubt". In the context, it's not about personal conviction; it's about shared knowledge. I'll choose sense_key=know%2:31:01::, index 1.

Thus, {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tend
Target surface form: tend
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters <t>tend</t> to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tend%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=be given, lean, incline, run | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
2. sense_key=tend%2:41:00:: | definition=have care of or look after | examples=She tends to the children
3. sense_key=tend%2:41:01:: | definition=manage or run | examples=tend a store

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tend" in the given context. The target is "tend" in the sentence: "...voters <t>tend</t> to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress."

We have three candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tend%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=be given, lean, incline, run | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
2. sense_key=tend%2:41:00:: | definition=have care of or look after | examples=She tends to the children
3. sense_key=tend%2:41:01:: | definition=manage or run | examples=tend a store

The context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more..." Here, "tend" is used as a verb meaning "are inclined" or "have a tendency". This matches sense 1 perfectly. The structure "tend to [verb]" is a clear indicator of the inclination sense. Senses 2 and 3 do not fit; they involve caring for or managing something, which is not the meaning here.

Thus, the correct sense index is 1.