[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: limit
Target surface form: limits
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the <t>limits</t> on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=limit%1:07:00:: | definition=the greatest possible degree of something | synonyms=bound, boundary | examples=what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior; to the limit of his ability
2. sense_key=limit%1:28:00:: | definition=final or latest limiting point | synonyms=terminus ad quem, terminal point
3. sense_key=limit%1:15:02:: | definition=as far as something can go
4. sense_key=limit%1:15:00:: | definition=the boundary of a specific area | synonyms=demarcation, demarcation line
5. sense_key=limit%1:23:01:: | definition=the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity | synonyms=limit point, point of accumulation
6. sense_key=limit%1:23:00:: | definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | synonyms=limitation | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet; it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "limit" with surface form "limits" in the given context. The target word appears in: "...such as the <t>limits</t> on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the provided candidates. Let's examine the context: Banks are repaying state support to get free from restrictions that come with accepting money, specifically limits on manager bonuses and paying high charges. So "limits" here refers to restrictions or caps on amounts (bonuses) and possibly charges. It's about the greatest amount allowed.

Now, evaluate candidate senses:

1. sense_key=limit%1:07:00:: | definition=the greatest possible degree of something | synonyms=bound, boundary | examples=what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior; to the limit of his ability
   - This is about degree, like ability or behavior. Not about financial caps.

2. sense_key=limit%1:28:00:: | definition=final or latest limiting point | synonyms=terminus ad quem, terminal point
   - About a final point in time? Not about amount restrictions.

3. sense_key=limit%1:15:02:: | definition=as far as something can go
   - Very vague. Could be spatial or metaphorical. Not specific to quantitative limits.

4. sense_key=limit%1:15:00:: | definition=the boundary of a specific area | synonyms=demarcation, demarcation line
   - About physical boundary. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=limit%1:23:01:: | definition=the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity
   - Mathematical limit, not relevant.

6. sense_key=limit%1:23:00:: | definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | synonyms=limitation | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet; it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight
   - This fits perfectly: "limits on manager bonuses" means a cap on the amount of bonuses allowed. The example "limits on the amount you can bet" is analogous.

Thus, sense 6 is the best. The answer should be a JSON object with sense_index: 6.

provider: Novita


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: manager
Target surface form: manager
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on <t>manager</t> bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=manager%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=director, managing director
2. sense_key=manager%1:18:01:: | definition=(sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team | synonyms=coach, handler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "manager" in the given context. The candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=manager%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=director, managing director
2. sense_key=manager%1:18:01:: | definition=(sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team | synonyms=coach, handler

Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."

Here, "manager" is used in the phrase "manager bonuses". This clearly refers to bonuses paid to managers in the context of banking institutions. These are not sports managers; they are corporate managers who control resources and expenditures. Sense 1 fits perfectly: someone who controls resources and expenditures (director, managing director). Sense 2 is sports-specific, which is not the case here.

Thus, I choose sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bonus
Target surface form: bonuses
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager <t>bonuses</t> and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bonus%1:09:00:: | definition=anything that tends to arouse | synonyms=fillip | examples=his approval was an added fillip
2. sense_key=bonus%1:21:00:: | definition=an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output | synonyms=incentive

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "bonuses" in context. The context: "the limits on manager bonuses". The candidate senses are sense 1: "anything that tends to arouse" (synonyms: fillip), and sense 2: "an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output" (synonyms: incentive). The context clearly refers to compensation for managers, so sense 2 is the correct one. The answer should be JSON: {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: charge
Target surface form: charges
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high <t>charges</t>. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=charge%1:04:01:: | definition=an impetuous rush toward someone or something | examples=the wrestler's charge carried him past his adversary; the battle began with a cavalry charge
2. sense_key=charge%1:10:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense | synonyms=complaint | examples=he was arrested on a charge of larceny
3. sense_key=charge%1:21:02:: | definition=the price charged for some article or service | examples=the admission charge
4. sense_key=charge%1:19:00:: | definition=the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons | synonyms=electric charge | examples=the battery needed a fresh charge
5. sense_key=charge%1:04:00:: | definition=attention and management implying responsibility for safety | synonyms=care, tutelage, guardianship | examples=he is in the care of a bodyguard
6. sense_key=charge%1:04:03:: | definition=a special assignment that is given to a person or group | synonyms=mission, commission | examples=a confidential mission to London; his charge was deliver a message
7. sense_key=charge%1:18:00:: | definition=a person committed to your care | examples=the teacher led her charges across the street
8. sense_key=charge%1:21:01:: | definition=financial liabilities (such as a tax) | examples=the charges against the estate
9. sense_key=charge%1:16:00:: | definition=(psychoanalysis) the libidinal energy invested in some idea or person or object | synonyms=cathexis | examples=Freud thought of cathexis as a psychic analog of an electrical charge
10. sense_key=charge%1:12:00:: | definition=the swift release of a store of affective force | synonyms=bang, boot, rush, flush, thrill, kick | examples=they got a great bang out of it; what a boot!
11. sense_key=charge%1:10:03:: | definition=request for payment of a debt | synonyms=billing | examples=they submitted their charges at the end of each month
12. sense_key=charge%1:10:01:: | definition=a formal statement of a command or injunction to do something | synonyms=commission, direction | examples=the judge's charge to the jury
13. sense_key=charge%1:10:04:: | definition=an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence | synonyms=accusation | examples=the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving
14. sense_key=charge%1:06:01:: | definition=heraldry consisting of a design or image depicted on a shield | synonyms=bearing, heraldic bearing, armorial bearing
15. sense_key=charge%1:06:00:: | definition=a quantity of explosive to be set off at one time | synonyms=burster, bursting charge, explosive charge | examples=this cartridge has a powder charge of 50 grains

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "charges" in the given context. The context is about US banks repaying state support to avoid restrictions like limits on manager bonuses and "the paying of high <t>charges</t>". The sentence: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high <t>charges</t>." So "charges" here refers to something the banks have to pay that is high, and it's a restriction they want to avoid. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. impetuous rush - no.
2. criminal pleading - no.
3. price charged for some article or service - possible, but it's about paying high charges, could be fees.
4. electric charge - no.
5. attention/management - no.
6. special assignment - no.
7. person committed to care - no.
8. financial liabilities (such as a tax) - this is very plausible: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)", examples: "the charges against the estate". It's a sense of charge as a financial burden, often imposed. In context, they are repaying TARP money to avoid restrictions, including paying high charges. It could be fees or taxes. Sense 8 specifically says "financial liabilities (such as a tax)", which fits well.
9. psychoanalysis - no.
10. swift release of affective force - no.
11. request for payment of a debt - "they submitted their charges" - this is like billing, but in context it's "paying of high charges", so they are the ones paying, not submitting bills. This is about the charges themselves, the obligations.
12. formal statement of a command - no.
13. assertion of guilt - no.
14. heraldry - no.
15. explosive - no.

So between 3 (price charged) and 8 (financial liabilities like a tax), which is better? The context says "paying of high charges" as one of the restrictions they want to avoid. When accepting TARP money, there were restrictions on executive pay and dividends, and there might be fees or interest payments? Actually, TARP was a capital injection, and banks had to pay dividends or interest to the government. They might refer to "charges" as the fees or interest they have to pay. But the WordNet sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)" seems broader, covering obligations like taxes, fees, etc. Sense 3 is specifically "the price charged for some article or service", which might be too specific. In financial news, "charges" often refers to fees or costs. However, the phrase "paying of high charges" suggests they are paying some kind of levy or fee, which is a financial liability. Sense 8 includes taxes, but also other liabilities. The example "the charges against the estate" shows it's a liability on an estate, like a debt. I think sense 8 is more appropriate because it's a financial burden that is imposed, not necessarily a price for a specific service. They want to avoid the restrictions, and one restriction is paying high charges (maybe referring to the dividend payments to the government?). Actually, TARP banks had to pay a 5% dividend on preferred stock, which could be seen as a charge. So it's a financial liability. I'll go with sense 8.

But let's double-check: "charges" is plural, and sense 8 says "financial liabilities (such as a tax)" and is labeled charge%1:21:01::. Sense 3 is charge%1:21:02::, so they are both in the noun.possession category (21). Sense 8 is more about imposed financial obligations, while sense 3 is a price for a specific article or service. In the context, it might be a general cost. However, I think "high charges" as a restriction they want to avoid is more like "high costs/fees" that they have to pay as part of the TARP agreement. I'd lean towards sense 8 because it explicitly mentions financial liabilities, which is exactly what they are trying to get out of by repaying the support.

Thus, I'll pick sense_index 8.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: loan
Target surface form: loans
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible <t>loans</t>. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loan%1:21:00:: | definition=the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)
2. sense_key=loan%1:10:00:: | definition=a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English | synonyms=loanword

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "loans" in context. The target lemma is "loan" and the surface form is "loans". The context: "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans." The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=loan%1:21:00:: | definition=the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)
2. sense_key=loan%1:10:00:: | definition=a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English | synonyms=loanword

In the context, "convertible loans" refers to a financial instrument: a type of loan that can be converted into equity. This clearly matches sense 1, the temporary provision of money. Sense 2 is about linguistic borrowing, completely irrelevant. So the best indexed sense is 1.

Thus, the JSON response should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rest
Target surface form: rest
Context:
The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The <t>rest</t> of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rest%1:24:00:: | definition=something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest
2. sense_key=rest%1:04:00:: | definition=freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility) | synonyms=ease, repose, relaxation | examples=took his repose by the swimming pool
3. sense_key=rest%1:28:00:: | definition=a pause for relaxation | synonyms=respite, relief, rest period | examples=people actually accomplish more when they take time for short rests
4. sense_key=rest%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of inaction | examples=a body will continue in a state of rest until acted upon
5. sense_key=rest%1:26:01:: | definition=euphemisms for death (based on an analogy between lying in a bed and in a tomb) | synonyms=eternal rest, sleep, eternal sleep, quietus | examples=she was laid to rest beside her husband; they had to put their family pet to sleep
6. sense_key=rest%1:06:00:: | definition=a support on which things can be put | examples=the gun was steadied on a special rest
7. sense_key=rest%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "rest" with surface form "rest" in the given context. The context is financial news about banks repaying TARP funds. The target word "rest" appears in the sentence: "The <t>rest</t> of the amount was taken from its own kitty..." Here, "rest" refers to the remaining portion of the amount after part was raised through convertible loans. So it means the remainder or the remaining part.

Now we evaluate candidate senses:
1. sense 1: "something left after other parts have been taken away" with synonyms "remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum" and examples like "there was no remainder; he threw away the rest". This matches perfectly.
2. sense 2: freedom from activity (ease, repose) - not relevant.
3. sense 3: a pause for relaxation - not relevant.
4. sense 4: state of inaction (physics) - not relevant.
5. sense 5: euphemism for death - not relevant.
6. sense 6: a support on which things can be put (like an armrest) - not relevant.
7. sense 7: musical notation - not relevant.

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. Return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: amount
Target surface form: amount
Context:
The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the <t>amount</t> was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=amount%1:21:00:: | definition=a quantity of money | synonyms=sum, sum of money, amount of money | examples=he borrowed a large sum; the amount he had in cash was insufficient
2. sense_key=amount%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion | examples=an adequate amount of food for four people
3. sense_key=amount%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=measure, quantity
4. sense_key=amount%1:09:00:: | definition=a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers | synonyms=sum, total

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "amount" in a given context. The target surface form is "amount". We have four candidate senses from WordNet with definitions, synonyms, and examples. We must choose the single best indexed sense based on the context.

Context: The passage discusses Bank of America repaying support from TARP in the amount of USD 45 billion. It mentions that Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. Then: "The rest of the <t>amount</t> was taken from its own kitty..." So the target occurrence is "amount" in the phrase "the rest of the amount". This "amount" refers to the total sum of money that needed to be repaid. Specifically, it refers back to the amount of money being discussed (the $45 billion). The context is financial, talking about a quantity of money.

Let's examine each candidate:

1. sense_key=amount%1:21:00:: | definition=a quantity of money | synonyms=sum, sum of money, amount of money | examples=he borrowed a large sum; the amount he had in cash was insufficient

This sense explicitly matches a quantity of money. In the context, "the amount" refers to the $45 billion, which is a sum of money. This seems perfect.

2. sense_key=amount%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion | examples=an adequate amount of food for four people

This sense is about relative magnitude, often used with adjectives like "adequate", and it's not specifically about money. For example, "an adequate amount of food". The context doesn't talk about relative magnitude; it's a specific sum.

3. sense_key=amount%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=measure, quantity

This is a general sense for a quantity of anything measurable. It could apply, but sense 1 is more specific to money, which is exactly the context.

4. sense_key=amount%1:09:00:: | definition=a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers | synonyms=sum, total

This sense is specifically about the result of adding numbers, a total. While $45 billion is a total, the word "amount" here isn't necessarily emphasizing that it's the sum of parts; it's just referring to the money. But the phrase "the rest of the amount" might imply that the amount is a total from which a portion was already raised ($19 billion), so the rest of that total came from other sources. So sense 4 could fit: the amount is a total (the $45 billion total repayment). However, sense 1 is specifically a quantity of money, and the examples include "the amount he had in cash" which is very similar: "the rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty" is parallel to "the amount he had in cash". So sense 1 seems more natural.

We should consider the context: "The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty" - "amount" here is synonymous with "sum of money". Sense 1 is explicitly that. Sense 3 is too broad, sense 4 is a mathematical total, but not necessarily money. The context is financial, so sense 1 is best.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sale
Target surface form: sale
Context:
The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the <t>sale</t> of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sale%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular instance of selling | examples=he has just made his first sale; they had to complete the sale before the banks closed
2. sense_key=sale%1:04:02:: | definition=the general activity of selling | examples=they tried to boost sales; laws limit the sale of handguns
3. sense_key=sale%1:04:01:: | definition=an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices | synonyms=cut-rate sale, sales event | examples=they held a sale to reduce their inventory; I got some great bargains at their annual sale
4. sense_key=sale%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling | examples=you'll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies; the new line of cars will soon be on sale
5. sense_key=sale%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer) | synonyms=sales agreement | examples=the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the sentence: "The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units." Target word is "sale". The context is about Bank of America raising money, including through selling business units.

Now, let's evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=sale%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular instance of selling | examples=he has just made his first sale; they had to complete the sale before the banks closed
This sense refers to an individual act of selling something. The phrase "through the sale of business units" suggests the act of selling those units, which is indeed an instance of selling. This seems plausible.

2. sense_key=sale%1:04:02:: | definition=the general activity of selling | examples=they tried to boost sales; laws limit the sale of handguns
This sense is about the general activity, not a specific instance. Here, "the sale of business units" refers to actual specific transactions that generated money, not the general activity. So this is less appropriate.

3. sense_key=sale%1:04:01:: | definition=an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices | synonyms=cut-rate sale, sales event | examples=they held a sale to reduce their inventory; I got some great bargains at their annual sale
This is about a discount event, like a clearance sale. Clearly, selling business units is not a discount event. This is wrong.

4. sense_key=sale%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling | examples=you'll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies; the new line of cars will soon be on sale
This sense is about availability for purchase. "The sale of business units" does not mean they were just available; it means they actually sold them. So this is wrong.

5. sense_key=sale%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer) | synonyms=sales agreement | examples=the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office
This sense emphasizes the agreement or contract. Here, the phrase "through the sale of business units" refers to the action of selling, not the agreement itself. The context is about raising money, which is done by executing sales, not just by having an agreement.

Between sense 1 and 2: Sense 1 is about a particular instance, while sense 2 is the general activity. In this context, the noun "sale" is being used to refer to the specific transactions that occurred: "the sale of business units". It is countable and refers to the specific acts of selling. For example, "he made a sale" is sense 1. Here, they filled the kitty through the sale (the selling) of units. So sense 1 fits best.

Thus, the correct index is 1.

Return JSON like: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: Bank
Context:
On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. <t>Bank</t> head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "bank" with surface form "Bank" in the given context. The context is about "Bank of America" repaying support, "bank protection fund TARP", and a mention of "<t>Bank</t> head Kenneth Lewis". Clearly, the word "Bank" in "<t>Bank</t>" refers to the financial institution, specifically "Bank of America" as a banking company. So the sense is a financial institution.

Looking at the candidate senses, sense 2 is: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" with synonyms "depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company". This matches perfectly.

Sense 9 is "a building in which the business of banking transacted", but here "Bank head" means the head of the banking company, not the building. So sense 2 is better.

Thus, choose index 2.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The <t>bank</t> overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "bank" and surface form "bank". The context is:

"And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The <t>bank</t> overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state."

We need to disambiguate the target "bank" in the sentence: "The <t>bank</t> overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."

From context, it's clear this is a financial institution. The entity is Bank of America, which is a bank (financial institution). The sentence refers to "The bank" which overstretched by taking over Merrill Lynch. So the sense is the financial institution.

Now, candidate senses:
1. sloping land (especially slope beside water)
2. a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels money into lending activities (synonyms: depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company)
3. a long ridge or pile
4. an arrangement of similar objects in a row or tiers
5. a supply or stock held in reserve
6. funds held by a gambling house or dealer
7. a slope in the turn of a road or track
8. a container for keeping money at home
9. a building in which banking business is transacted
10. a flight maneuver

Sense 2 is the clear choice. Also, note that the context even uses "investment bank" later, but the target "bank" here is the institution that took over Merrill Lynch. The sentence says "The bank overstretched ... by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch." So the first "bank" is the parent company, Bank of America, which is a financial institution. Sense 2 is the most appropriate. Sense 9 is for the building, but here we're talking about the institution itself, not the building. Sense 5 "supply or stock" doesn't fit. Sense 8 is a coin bank, not relevant. So sense index 2.

Thus, the JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: height
Target surface form: height
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the <t>height</t> of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=height%1:07:00:: | definition=the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top | synonyms=tallness
2. sense_key=height%1:26:00:: | definition=the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development | synonyms=acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative | examples=his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty; the artist's gifts are at their acme
3. sense_key=height%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot | synonyms=stature
4. sense_key=height%1:07:02:: | definition=elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface | synonyms=altitude | examples=the altitude gave her a headache

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "height" appearing as "height" in the provided context. The context is: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch." We need to choose the best indexed sense among the four candidates.

Let's examine each candidate:

1. sense_key=height%1:07:00:: | definition=the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top | synonyms=tallness
   This refers to physical height, like measuring how tall something is. Not applicable here.

2. sense_key=height%1:26:00:: | definition=the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development | synonyms=acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative | examples=his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty; the artist's gifts are at their acme
   This refers to the peak or climax of something, like "the height of the financial crisis" meaning the most intense period. This fits perfectly.

3. sense_key=height%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot | synonyms=stature
   This is about a person's height. Not applicable.

4. sense_key=height%1:07:02:: | definition=elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface | synonyms=altitude | examples=the altitude gave her a headache
   This is about altitude, like height above sea level. Not applicable.

Clearly, sense 2 is the correct one. The context uses "at the height of the financial crisis" meaning at the peak or most intense phase.

Now, the instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So we output the index as a number. Sense 2 corresponds to index 2 (since they are numbered 1,2,3,4). So we should return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crisis
Target surface form: crisis
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial <t>crisis</t> by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "crisis" in the given context. The context is a news article about financial institutions repaying state support. Specifically, the sentence mentions: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial <t>crisis</t> by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch." So we need to disambiguate "crisis" in this sentence.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

We need to choose the best sense based on the context. The context describes a "financial crisis" where banks overstretched themselves. This is a situation of extreme danger or difficulty, not just a turning point but a period of instability. The phrase "at the height of the financial crisis" indicates a peak of an unstable, dangerous situation. Sense 1 fits better because it describes an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty, which is typical for an economic/financial crisis. Sense 2 is more about a critical turning point, like in a medical crisis or a crucial stage. In this context, it's not just a turning point; it's a broader, prolonged unstable situation. The examples for sense 1 mention "economic crisis", which aligns perfectly with "financial crisis". So sense_index should be 1.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: investment
Target surface form: investment
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the <t>investment</t> bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=investment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit | synonyms=investing
2. sense_key=investment%1:21:00:: | definition=money that is invested with an expectation of profit | synonyms=investment funds
3. sense_key=investment%1:07:00:: | definition=the commitment of something other than money (time, energy, or effort) to a project with the expectation of some worthwhile result | examples=this job calls for the investment of some hard thinking; he made an emotional investment in the work
4. sense_key=investment%1:05:00:: | definition=outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
5. sense_key=investment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting on robes or vestments
6. sense_key=investment%1:04:02:: | definition=the ceremonial act of clothing someone in the insignia of an office; the formal promotion of a person to an office or rank | synonyms=investiture

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "investment" in the given context. The target is "investment bank Merrill Lynch". The context: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."

We have candidate senses. We need to pick the best indexed sense.

Sense 1: act of investing; laying out money or capital. (synonym: investing). This is a general financial sense.

Sense 2: money that is invested with an expectation of profit (synonym: investment funds). This is the money itself.

Sense 3: commitment of something other than money (time, energy, effort). Example: "this job calls for the investment of some hard thinking". Not financial.

Sense 4: outer layer or covering of an organ. Biological sense, irrelevant.

Sense 5: act of putting on robes or vestments. Irrelevant.

Sense 6: ceremonial act of clothing someone in insignia; formal promotion. Irrelevant.

The phrase "investment bank" is a well-known term. An investment bank is a financial institution that assists individuals, corporations, and governments in raising capital by underwriting or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of securities. The word "investment" in "investment bank" is derived from the act of investing, but as a compound term it refers to a type of bank. In WordNet, "investment bank" is likely not a separate sense for "investment". However, we are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the target lemma "investment". The context uses "investment bank", so we need to determine which sense of "investment" applies in that compound. The senses given do not include a specific sense for "investment bank". But the closest would be sense 1: the act of investing. An investment bank deals with investing activities: underwriting securities, mergers, acquisitions. So the "investment" part refers to the act of investing. Alternatively, could it be sense 2: money that is invested? Unlikely, because the bank is not "money that is invested". It is a bank that deals with investments. So the appropriate sense is the act of investing (sense 1). Note that "investment bank" is a noun phrase where "investment" modifies "bank", indicating the type of bank. That modifier likely comes from the general concept of investing (the act). So we choose sense 1.

Thus, the answer is sense_index = 1.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment <t>bank</t> Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

native_finish_reason: error


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment <t>bank</t> Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 10. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "bank" in the given context. The target is in the phrase: "by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch." The word "bank" is part of "investment bank". The context is clearly about financial institutions: Citigroup, Bank of America, cash injections, financial crisis. So the relevant sense is related to a financial institution. Looking at the candidates, sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" with synonyms "depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company" fits perfectly. Note that "investment bank" is a type of bank, so it's still the financial institution sense. Sense 9 is "a building in which the business of banking transacted", but that's a building, not the institution itself. The phrase "investment bank Merrill Lynch" refers to the company, not just its building. So sense 2 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cash
Target surface form: cash
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise <t>cash</t> on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cash%1:21:00:: | definition=money in the form of bills or coins | synonyms=hard cash, hard currency | examples=there is a desperate shortage of hard cash
2. sense_key=cash%1:21:02:: | definition=prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check | synonyms=immediate payment
3. sense_key=cash%1:18:00:: | definition=United States country music singer and songwriter (1932-2003) | synonyms=Johnny Cash, John Cash

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "cash" in the context: "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state." The target word is "cash" and the surface form is "cash". The candidate senses are given with examples and synonyms. Sense 1: money in the form of bills or coins (hard cash). Sense 2: prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check (immediate payment). Sense 3: Johnny Cash, the singer. Obviously, sense 3 is not relevant. The context is about a bank raising funds (cash) on the capital market. They are raising money, not specifically bills/coins, but general funds. In financial contexts, "cash" often refers to liquid assets, money, not necessarily physical currency. However, sense 1 is "money in the form of bills or coins", which is a narrow definition. Sense 2 is "prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check", which doesn't fit because they are raising cash by issuing securities, not receiving immediate payment for goods/services. In finance, "raise cash" means to obtain liquid funds, which could be in the form of bank deposits, not necessarily physical currency. But sense 1 might encompass that loosely. Looking at the example: "there is a desperate shortage of hard cash" – that's about physical money. But the context might be using "cash" broadly to mean money. However, WordNet senses are specific. The best fit is sense 1, as "money in the form of bills or coins" is often used metaphorically for liquid funds. But sense 2 is about immediate payment, which is less fitting. The context says "raise cash on the capital market", which means selling securities for money. That money is typically not physical cash but electronic funds. But the sense still refers to money as a medium of exchange. Since there's no better sense, I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: liability
Target surface form: liabilities
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its <t>liabilities</t> with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=liability%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being legally obliged and responsible
2. sense_key=liability%1:26:00:: | definition=an obligation to pay money to another party | synonyms=indebtedness, financial obligation
3. sense_key=liability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being something that holds you back

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "liability" with surface form "liabilities" in context. The context is: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its <t>liabilities</t> with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=liability%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being legally obliged and responsible
2. sense_key=liability%1:26:00:: | definition=an obligation to pay money to another party | synonyms=indebtedness, financial obligation
3. sense_key=liability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being something that holds you back

We need to choose the single best indexed sense. The sentence says: "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state." The context mentions banks getting money from the government during the financial crisis, and now they want to free themselves from the restrictions that came with that money. The "liabilities with the state" likely refer to financial obligations or debts owed to the state. In the context, Bank of America raised money and paid back the state, so "liabilities" here likely means debts or financial obligations. Sense 2: "an obligation to pay money to another party" with synonyms "indebtedness, financial obligation" fits perfectly. Sense 1 is about being legally obliged and responsible, but it's more abstract, the state of being liable. Sense 3 is about a hindrance, but in financial context, "liabilities" often means debts.

Thus, the best sense is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the <t>state</t>. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: choose the single best indexed sense for the target lemma "state" as used in the sentence: "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the <t>state</t>." The context is about financial institutions trying to get free from restrictions tied to government money. Bank of America took money, now Citigroup wants to free itself from its liabilities with the "state". This clearly refers to the government entity that provided support. So "state" here means the government. Looking at the options:

1. territory of an administrative district of a nation (like a province) - not relevant.
2. the way something is - not.
3. the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state - this fits: "the state has lowered its income tax". Here, "state" as government. It's about liabilities to the government.
4. a politically organized body of people under a single government (nation, country) - could be, but sense 3 is more specifically about the government as an entity, especially in contexts like "the state" as the government. Liabilities with the state likely means with the government, not the whole nation as a territory. Sense 3 is "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state". Sense 4 is the entire political body (nation). In economic contexts, "state" often refers to the government. For example, "state aid" refers to government assistance. So sense 3 is more precise.
5. chemistry state - no.
6. state of depression or agitation - no.
7. territory occupied by a nation - not.
8. US State Department - no, it's not referring to the department specifically, just the government generally.

Thus, the best sense is 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US <t>bank</t> was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: Target lemma: bank. Target surface form: bank. Context: "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion... Citigroup also plans to raise cash... Already on Thursday, the US <t>bank</t> was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion..." The target is marked with <t>bank</t>. In the context, "the US <t>bank</t>" refers to Citigroup, as the preceding sentence says "Citigroup also plans to raise cash..." and then "Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase...". So it's clearly a financial institution. Among candidate senses, sense 2 is "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" with synonyms and examples like "he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home". Sense 9 is "a building in which the business of banking transacted" (bank building). But the context is not referring to the building specifically; it's the institution. Citigroup is a banking company. So sense 2 is the best. The instructions: return JSON object like {"sense_index": 3} (using 1-based indexing? The example says sense_index 3. The list has numbers 1-10, so we choose 2 for sense 2). So {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capital
Target surface form: capital
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a <t>capital</t> increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capital%1:21:01:: | definition=assets available for use in the production of further assets | synonyms=working capital
2. sense_key=capital%1:21:00:: | definition=wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value
3. sense_key=capital%1:15:00:: | definition=a seat of government
4. sense_key=capital%1:10:00:: | definition=one of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis | synonyms=capital letter, uppercase, upper-case letter, majuscule | examples=printers once kept the type for capitals and for small letters in separate cases; capitals were kept in the upper half of the type case and so became known as upper-case letters
5. sense_key=capital%1:15:01:: | definition=a center that is associated more than any other with some activity or product | examples=the crime capital of Italy; the drug capital of Columbia
6. sense_key=capital%1:14:00:: | definition=the federal government of the United States | synonyms=Washington
7. sense_key=capital%1:10:01:: | definition=a book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories | synonyms=Das Kapital
8. sense_key=capital%1:06:00:: | definition=the upper part of a column that supports the entablature | synonyms=chapiter, cap

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "capital" with surface form "capital" in the given context. The context is about financial matters: Bank of America raising money, Citigroup planning to raise cash on the "capital market" to free itself from liabilities, and a "capital increase" of some USD 20 billion. The target word appears in the phrase "capital increase".

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=capital%1:21:01:: | definition=assets available for use in the production of further assets | synonyms=working capital. This is a specific economic term, but "capital increase" typically refers to an increase in a company's equity through issuance of shares, which is raising assets, but sense 1 is "working capital", which is more about current assets minus current liabilities used in day-to-day operations. The context is about raising cash on the capital market and a capital increase, which is about raising funds, not just working capital.

2. sense_key=capital%1:21:00:: | definition=wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value. This is a broader sense of capital as wealth used for investment. In finance, "capital" often refers to funds available for investment, and "capital increase" means raising additional capital (money) by issuing shares. This fits well: the bank is raising capital (wealth in the form of money) to pay off liabilities.

3. sense_key=capital%1:15:00:: | definition=a seat of government. Not relevant.

4. sense_key=capital%1:10:00:: | definition=uppercase letters. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=capital%1:15:01:: | definition=a center associated with some activity (e.g., crime capital). Not relevant.

6. sense_key=capital%1:14:00:: | definition=federal government of the US (Washington). Not relevant.

7. sense_key=capital%1:10:01:: | definition=book by Karl Marx. Not relevant.

8. sense_key=capital%1:06:00:: | definition=upper part of a column. Not relevant.

Between senses 1 and 2, sense 2 is a broader financial sense of wealth/money owned by a business. Sense 1 is specifically "assets available for use in the production of further assets", which is a subset. In context, "capital market" and "capital increase" refer to the financial markets where companies raise capital (money/funds). "Capital increase" means an increase in the company's capital stock, i.e., raising money by issuing new shares. This aligns with sense 2: wealth in the form of money. Sense 1 is more accounting-specific, "working capital" is a specific term. The context doesn't mention working capital; it's about raising capital to reduce debt. Therefore, sense 2 is more appropriate.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increase
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital <t>increase</t> of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%1:23:00:: | definition=a quantity that is added | synonyms=addition, gain | examples=there was an addition to property taxes this year; they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks
2. sense_key=increase%1:11:00:: | definition=a change resulting in an increase | examples=the increase is scheduled for next month
3. sense_key=increase%1:22:00:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increment, growth | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=increase%1:07:00:: | definition=the amount by which something increases | synonyms=increment | examples=they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare
5. sense_key=increase%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of increasing something | synonyms=step-up | examples=he gave me an increase in salary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "a capital <t>increase</t> of some USD 20 billion". This refers to an increase in capital, where the amount is USD 20 billion. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "a quantity that is added" (addition, gain). Example: "there was an addition to property taxes this year". This could fit: the capital increase is an addition of $20 billion. But "addition" is more like something added, not necessarily the amount itself. The example shows it's the added quantity. For instance, "an addition to property taxes" means the extra amount added.

2. sense 2: "a change resulting in an increase". Example: "the increase is scheduled for next month". This is an event or occurrence, not an amount. So it's the change itself, not the quantity. In context, "a capital increase of some USD 20 billion" refers to the amount of increase ($20 billion), not the event. So sense 2 is less likely.

3. sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" (increment, growth). Example: "the increase in unemployment; the growth of population". This is a process, again not a specific amount. The context gives a specific amount: "of some USD 20 billion". So not a process.

4. sense 4: "the amount by which something increases" (increment). Example: "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare". This matches exactly: an increase of 15 percent, which is the amount. In context: a capital increase of some USD 20 billion. So this is the amount of increase.

5. sense 5: "the act of increasing something" (step-up). Example: "he gave me an increase in salary". This is the act, but the phrase "an increase in salary" could be ambiguous. However, the example is "gave me an increase in salary", meaning the act of increasing the salary, but often the result. But sense 4 is specifically the amount. In "a capital increase of some USD 20 billion", the "of" phrase specifies the amount, so it's the amount sense.

Thus, sense 4 best fits: the amount by which something increases. So answer: {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circle
Target surface form: circles
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to <t>circles</t>. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circle%1:25:00:: | definition=ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point | examples=he calculated the circumference of the circle
2. sense_key=circle%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
3. sense_key=circle%1:25:01:: | definition=something approximating the shape of a circle | examples=the chairs were arranged in a circle
4. sense_key=circle%1:04:00:: | definition=movement once around a course | synonyms=lap, circuit | examples=he drove an extra lap just for insurance
5. sense_key=circle%1:06:01:: | definition=a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island | synonyms=traffic circle, rotary, roundabout | examples=the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary
6. sense_key=circle%1:06:03:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, rope, roofy, roach
7. sense_key=circle%1:06:02:: | definition=a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater or opera house; usually the first tier above the orchestra | synonyms=dress circle | examples=they had excellent seats in the dress circle
8. sense_key=circle%1:06:00:: | definition=any circular or rotating mechanism | synonyms=round | examples=the machine punched out metal circles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "circle" in the surface form "circles". Context: "reported CNBC with reference to circles." We need to choose the best sense among the 8 options.

The phrase is "reported CNBC with reference to circles." This means that CNBC reported something by citing sources, likely referring to "circles" as a noun meaning groups of people (e.g., "informed circles," "political circles"). Sense 2: "an unofficial association of people or groups" with synonyms "set, band, lot" and example "the smart set goes there" fits well. In financial journalism, "with reference to circles" often means "with reference to informed circles" or "people close to the matter." So sense 2 is the best.

Other senses: shape, traffic circle, drug, seats, mechanism, movement around a course. None fit the context.

Thus, the index is 2.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: support
Context:
Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment. Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley had already repaid their <t>support</t> in June.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "support" in the sentence: "Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley had already repaid their support in June." The context is about banks repaying government bailout money. The target word is "support" and it refers to financial assistance received and now being repaid. Looking at the candidate senses, sense 11 is "financial resources provided to make some project possible" with synonyms like funding, backing, financial backing. The example: "the foundation provided support for the experiment." This fits perfectly: the banks received financial support from the government and are now repaying it. So, sense_index 11 is the best.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 11}.