[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fire
Target surface form: fire
Context:
Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful. A lot of car alarms went off. The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge <t>fire</t> from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fire%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of something burning (often destructive) | examples=they lost everything in the fire
2. sense_key=fire%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy | synonyms=firing | examples=hold your fire until you can see the whites of their eyes; they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire
3. sense_key=fire%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke | synonyms=flame, flaming | examples=fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries
4. sense_key=fire%1:06:00:: | definition=a fireplace in which a relatively small fire is burning | examples=they sat by the fire and talked
5. sense_key=fire%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. sense_key=fire%1:12:00:: | definition=feelings of great warmth and intensity | synonyms=ardor, ardour, fervor, fervour, fervency, fervidness | examples=he spoke with great ardor
7. sense_key=fire%1:27:00:: | definition=fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking | examples=put the kettle on the fire; barbecue over an open fire
8. sense_key=fire%1:11:01:: | definition=a severe trial | examples=he went through fire and damnation
9. sense_key=fire%1:10:00:: | definition=intense adverse criticism | synonyms=attack, flak, flack, blast | examples=Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party; the government has come under attack

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "fire" and target surface form "fire" in a specific context. The context mentions: "Huge <t>fire</t> from broken gas main in the Marina in SF." The sentence describes a fire resulting from a broken gas main, which suggests a destructive event of burning. The candidate senses:

1. sense 1: event of something burning (often destructive). Example: they lost everything in the fire.
2. sense 2: act of firing weapons or artillery. Example: hold your fire.
3. sense 3: process of combustion producing heat and light and smoke. Synonyms: flame, flaming. Example: fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries.
4. sense 4: a fireplace with a small fire. Example: they sat by the fire.
5. sense 5: one of four elements.
6. sense 6: feelings of great warmth and intensity.
7. sense 7: fuel that is burning for cooking. Example: put the kettle on the fire.
8. sense 8: a severe trial.
9. sense 9: intense adverse criticism.

The context: "Huge fire from broken gas main" clearly refers to a destructive burning event, likely an uncontrolled blaze. Sense 1 is "the event of something burning (often destructive)" which fits perfectly. Sense 3 is "the process of combustion..." but that is more general and scientific; the example for sense 3 is about discovery, not a specific destructive event. The word "fire" here is used as a concrete event ("Huge fire"), so sense 1 (event) is more appropriate than the process (sense 3). Sense 1 specifically mentions "often destructive" and the example "they lost everything in the fire" matches a gas main explosion and fire. Sense 3 is more about the phenomenon of fire, not a specific event. So the best indexed sense is 1.

Note: sense indices are 1-based as listed. So answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: GMICloud


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fill
Target surface form: fill
Context:
A lot of car alarms went off. The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of '<t>fill</t>' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fill%1:23:00:: | definition=a quantity sufficient to satisfy | examples=he ate his fill of potatoes; she had heard her fill of gossip
2. sense_key=fill%1:27:00:: | definition=any material that fills a space or container | synonyms=filling | examples=there was not enough fill for the trench

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "fill" and surface form "fill" in the given context. The context is about an earthquake: "Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy." So "fill" here refers to material used to fill an area, such as soil, gravel, etc., used in construction or land reclamation. It's talking about areas made of fill material that liquefy during an earthquake.

We have two candidate senses from WordNet:
1. sense_key=fill%1:23:00:: | definition=a quantity sufficient to satisfy | examples=he ate his fill of potatoes; she had heard her fill of gossip
2. sense_key=fill%1:27:00:: | definition=any material that fills a space or container | synonyms=filling | examples=there was not enough fill for the trench

Sense 1 is about a sufficient amount of something, like eating one's fill. That doesn't fit the context of construction material.

Sense 2 is about material used to fill a space or container, with example "there was not enough fill for the trench". This matches the context perfectly: areas made of fill (material) that can liquefy.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

Now, the response must be a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Since we have sense indexes 1 and 2, we choose 2. So output: {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: liquefy
Target surface form: liquefy
Context:
A lot of car alarms went off. The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' <t>liquefy</t>. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=liquefy%2:43:00:: | definition=become liquid | examples=The garden air overnight liquefied into a morning dew
2. sense_key=liquefy%2:30:01:: | definition=make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating | synonyms=liquify, liquidize, liquidise | examples=liquefy the silver
3. sense_key=liquefy%2:30:00:: | definition=become liquid or fluid when heated | synonyms=flux, liquify | examples=the frozen fat liquefied

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "liquefy" in context. The context is about an earthquake, specifically mentioning that areas made of 'fill' liquefy. This refers to the phenomenon of soil liquefaction during earthquakes. The sentence: "Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy." This means the fill material (soil) becomes liquid-like due to shaking.

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=liquefy%2:43:00:: | definition=become liquid | examples=The garden air overnight liquefied into a morning dew
   This is a general intransitive sense of becoming liquid, not necessarily due to heating. The example is about dew forming from air.

2. sense_key=liquefy%2:30:01:: | definition=make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating | synonyms=liquify, liquidize, liquidise | examples=liquefy the silver
   This is a transitive sense: to cause something to become liquid, typically by heating.

3. sense_key=liquefy%2:30:00:: | definition=become liquid or fluid when heated | synonyms=flux, liquify | examples=the frozen fat liquefied
   This is an intransitive sense: to become liquid when heated. The example: "the frozen fat liquefied" implies a change of state from solid to liquid due to heat. In the context of soil liquefaction, it is the ground acting as a liquid due to external stress, not necessarily heating, but the concept is that solid ground becomes fluid-like.

In the sentence: "Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy." This describes a process where solid fill material (like loose soil) becomes liquid-like under earthquake shaking. It's not about heating, but the WordNet sense 3 says "become liquid or fluid when heated", but the key is "become liquid or fluid". The heating part might be specific to the example, but the definition abstractly is to become liquid or fluid. Sense 1 is "become liquid", which is very general. Sense 3 specifies "when heated", but in our context, the fill liquefies due to shaking, not heating. However, the choice is among the given senses. Sense 1 seems more general, and the example "dew" is condensation, not heating. Sense 3 is specifically regarding heating. The context of earthquake liquefaction is a mechanical process, not heating. So which sense is better? Let's read carefully: "liquefy" in the context of soil liquefaction is indeed the process of becoming liquid, but the WordNet senses might not perfectly capture this. However, we must choose the best among the three. Sense 1 is the only one that doesn't require heating, and the definition is simply "become liquid". The example for sense 1 is "The garden air overnight liquefied into a morning dew", which is a natural phase change from gas to liquid (condensation), not soil. But the general notion fits. Sense 3 explicitly includes heating. Sense 2 is transitive ("make liquid") - but the sentence uses "liquefy" intransitively: "areas ... liquefy". So sense 2 is transitive, and the context is intransitive. Therefore, sense 2 is ruled out. Sense 3 is intransitive but with "when heated", and sense 1 is intransitive with no specific cause. The soil liquefaction is a change from solid-like to liquid-like, not due to heating. Therefore, the general sense 1 is the most appropriate. However, we need to check if sense 1 can apply to solids becoming liquid. The example is dew, which is a gas to liquid, not solid to liquid. The definition "become liquid" is broad and could include solid to liquid. Sense 3 is specifically solid to liquid by heat. In technical terms, liquefaction of soil means that the strength and stiffness of soil are reduced by earthquake shaking, causing it to behave like a liquid. It's a temporary state, not a permanent phase change. But in everyday language, we say the ground liquefied. So sense 1 is the safest.

Given the instruction to choose the single best indexed sense, I'll select sense 1, which corresponds to index 1 (since they are listed as 1, 2, 3). So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A <t>woman</t> in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "woman" in a specific context. The context is a narrative about an earthquake, describing a woman in a three-story apartment who was able to walk out a window onto street level after the quake because the house settled. We need to choose the best sense from four candidate senses.

Let's examine each sense:

1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00::, definition: an adult female person (as opposed to a man). Synonyms: adult female. Example: the woman kept house while the man hunted. This is the most general sense, just referring to an adult human female.

2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01::, definition: a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man. Example: he was faithful to his woman. This sense is specific to a woman in a relationship with a man.

3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02::, definition: a human female employed to do housework. Synonyms: charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady. Example: the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write. This sense is about a domestic worker.

4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00::, definition: women as a class. Synonyms: womanhood, fair sex. Example: it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation. This sense is a collective noun, referring to women in general, not an individual.

Now, in the context: "A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground." The woman is an individual, an adult female person. There is no indication of a relationship with a man, no indication she is a domestic employee, and it's not about women as a class. So the most appropriate sense is the general sense 1: an adult female person.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: able
Target surface form: able
Context:
The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was <t>able</t> to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=able%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim; she was able to program her computer
2. sense_key=able%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=capable | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
3. sense_key=able%5:00:00:capable:00 | definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet
4. sense_key=able%5:00:00:fit:01 | definition=having a strong healthy body | synonyms=able-bodied | examples=an able seaman; every able-bodied young man served in the army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "able" and the context: "The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was <t>able</t> to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground."

The target surface form is "able" and it appears in the phrase "was able to walk out". The sense we need to choose is the one that matches this usage.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=able%3:00:00:: definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something. Examples: able to swim; she was able to program her computer. This sense is the typical "able to" meaning, indicating capacity to perform an action.

2. sense_key=able%5:00:00:competent:00 definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well. synonyms=capable. examples=able teachers; a capable administrator. This is attributive "able" meaning competent, used before nouns like "able teacher". Not used with "to".

3. sense_key=able%5:00:00:capable:00 definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity. examples=able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet. This is also "able to" but emphasizing inherent ability.

4. sense_key=able%5:00:00:fit:01 definition=having a strong healthy body. synonyms=able-bodied. examples=an able seaman; every able-bodied young man served in the army. This is physical fitness sense.

In the context: "A woman ... was able to walk out the window ... after the quake." This is clearly the "able to" meaning: she had the capacity/ability to do that specific action. The context indicates that because the house settled down, she could walk out the window onto street level. It's about having the necessary means or physical possibility to do it, not about her being a competent walker or inherently able-bodied. Sense 1 fits best: "(usually followed by 'to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something." Sense 3 also mentions "able to" but focuses on inherent capacity like "able to learn". In this sentence, it's a specific situation: she was able to walk out due to the circumstances. Sense 1 is the general "able to" construction. Also, the sense key "able%3:00:00::" indicates adjective followed by 'to' infinitive. The index 1 is the primary sense for that. So I'll select sense index 1.

I'll output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: walk
Target surface form: walk
Context:
The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to <t>walk</t> out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=walk%2:38:00:: | definition=use one's feet to advance; advance by steps | examples=Walk, don't run!; We walked instead of driving
2. sense_key=walk%2:38:01:: | definition=accompany or escort | examples=I'll walk you to your car
3. sense_key=walk%2:33:00:: | definition=obtain a base on balls
4. sense_key=walk%2:38:03:: | definition=traverse or cover by walking | examples=Walk the tightrope; Paul walked the streets of Damascus
5. sense_key=walk%2:33:01:: | definition=give a base on balls to
6. sense_key=walk%2:41:00:: | definition=live or behave in a specified manner | examples=walk in sadness
7. sense_key=walk%2:41:01:: | definition=be or act in association with | examples=We must walk with our dispossessed brothers and sisters; Walk with God
8. sense_key=walk%2:38:02:: | definition=walk at a pace | examples=The horses walked across the meadow
9. sense_key=walk%2:38:05:: | definition=make walk | examples=He walks the horse up the mountain; Walk the dog twice a day
10. sense_key=walk%2:38:04:: | definition=take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure | synonyms=take the air | examples=The lovers held hands while walking; We like to walk every Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "walk" as used in the context: "A woman in a three-story apartment was able to <t>walk</t> out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake." The target is "walk". We need to select the most appropriate sense from the provided list.

Let's analyze the context. The woman walked out the window onto street level. This implies that she moved on foot, using her feet to advance, from the window to the street. The action is simply using her feet to go from one place to another. It doesn't involve base on balls (baseball), nor is it about accompanying someone, nor is it about traversing a specific path like a tightrope, nor is it about living in a manner, nor about making someone else walk. It could be sense 10: take a walk for pleasure, but the context is not about pleasure; it's about escaping a collapsed building. So the most straightforward sense is 1: "use one's feet to advance; advance by steps." The example: "Walk, don't run!" fits. She advanced by steps out the window.

Check other senses: Sense 4: "traverse or cover by walking" examples: "Walk the tightrope; Paul walked the streets of Damascus." This might fit if we consider she walked out the window as traversing the window, but it's more about exiting. Sense 10: "take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure" doesn't fit the emergency context. Sense 8: "walk at a pace" is about horses walking. Sense 2: "accompany or escort" no. Sense 3 and 5: baseball. Sense 6: "live or behave in a specified manner" no. Sense 7: "be or act in association with" no. Sense 9: "make walk" causative, not the case.

Thus, sense 1 is the best.

So we return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: window
Target surface form: window
Context:
The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the <t>window</t> of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=window%1:06:00:: | definition=a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air
2. sense_key=window%1:06:01:: | definition=a transparent opening in a vehicle that allow vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened
3. sense_key=window%1:06:02:: | definition=a transparent panel (as of an envelope) inserted in an otherwise opaque material
4. sense_key=window%1:17:00:: | definition=an opening that resembles a window in appearance or function | examples=he could see them through a window in the trees
5. sense_key=window%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period that is considered best for starting or finishing something | examples=the expanded window will give us time to catch the thieves; they had a window of less than an hour when an attack would have succeeded
6. sense_key=window%1:06:04:: | definition=a pane of glass in a window | synonyms=windowpane | examples=the ball shattered the window
7. sense_key=window%1:06:05:: | definition=an opening in a wall or screen that admits light and air and through which customers can be served | examples=he stuck his head in the window
8. sense_key=window%1:06:03:: | definition=(computer science) a rectangular part of a computer screen that contains a display different from the rest of the screen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." Target word: "window". Context: "The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the <t>window</t> of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground."

We need to select from the given candidate senses.

Let's parse: A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

So it's about a window in an apartment (a building). She "walked out the window" from the third floor to street level. That implies the building settled, so the window became at street level. It is a literal window in a house. Not a vehicle, not an envelope, not a computer screen, not a time period. It's a physical opening in a wall with a frame and glass. Could be sense 1 or sense 7? Sense 1: "a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air" – standard window. Sense 7: "an opening in a wall or screen that admits light and air and through which customers can be served" with example "he stuck his head in the window". Sense 7 is specifically a service window (like a ticket window or drive-through). That doesn't fit the apartment context. Sense 6: "a pane of glass in a window" (windowpane). She walked out the window, probably meaning the window opening, not just the pane. Typically, "walk out the window" means through the window opening, so sense 1 is more comprehensive (the whole framework). Sense 4 is metaphorical ("window in the trees"), not literal. Sense 2 is vehicle window. Sense 3 is like envelope window. So the best is sense 1.

But check: "walk out the window" – if the window is a whole framework, she might have climbed out of it. Sense 1 fits. Sense 6 is just the glass pane. She wouldn't walk out a pane of glass. So sense 1.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: floor
Target surface form: floor
Context:
The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third <t>floor</t> onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=floor%1:06:00:: | definition=the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure) | synonyms=flooring | examples=they needed rugs to cover the bare floors; we spread our sleeping bags on the dry floor of the tent
2. sense_key=floor%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=level, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?
3. sense_key=floor%1:10:00:: | definition=a lower limit | synonyms=base | examples=the government established a wage floor
4. sense_key=floor%1:17:01:: | definition=the ground on which people and animals move about | examples=the fire spared the forest floor
5. sense_key=floor%1:17:00:: | definition=the bottom surface of any lake or other body of water
6. sense_key=floor%1:17:02:: | definition=the lower inside surface of any hollow structure | examples=the floor of the pelvis; the floor of the cave
7. sense_key=floor%1:14:00:: | definition=the occupants of a floor | examples=the whole floor complained about the lack of heat
8. sense_key=floor%1:07:00:: | definition=the parliamentary right to address an assembly | examples=the chairman granted him the floor
9. sense_key=floor%1:06:03:: | definition=the legislative hall where members debate and vote and conduct other business | examples=there was a motion from the floor
10. sense_key=floor%1:06:02:: | definition=a large room in a exchange where the trading is done | synonyms=trading floor | examples=he is a floor trader

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "floor" in the sentence: "A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake." The context: the building settled, so the third floor became level with the street. "Floor" here clearly refers to a level/storey of a building. Let's check the candidate senses:

Sense 1: inside lower horizontal surface of a room. Not a level.

Sense 2: a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; synonyms: level, storey, story. Example: "what level is the office on?" This matches perfectly: "the third floor" means the third storey.

Sense 3: a lower limit (base). No.

Sense 4: ground where people/animals move. No.

Sense 5: bottom surface of a lake. No.

Sense 6: lower inside surface of hollow structure. No.

Sense 7: occupants of a floor. No.

Sense 8: parliamentary right to address. No.

Sense 9: legislative hall. No.

Sense 10: trading floor. No.

Thus, the correct sense is sense 2. Return JSON with {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: street
Target surface form: street
Context:
The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto <t>street</t> level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=street%1:06:00:: | definition=a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings | examples=they walked the streets of the small town; he lives on Nassau Street
2. sense_key=street%1:06:01:: | definition=the part of a thoroughfare between the sidewalks; the part of the thoroughfare on which vehicles travel | examples=be careful crossing the street
3. sense_key=street%1:26:00:: | definition=the streets of a city viewed as a depressed environment in which there is poverty and crime and prostitution and dereliction | examples=she tried to keep her children off the street
4. sense_key=street%1:26:01:: | definition=a situation offering opportunities | examples=he worked both sides of the street; cooperation is a two-way street
5. sense_key=street%1:14:00:: | definition=people living or working on the same street | examples=the whole street protested the absence of street lights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "street" in the sentence: "A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake." Here "street level" means the level of the street, i.e., the ground level outside the building. The context describes an earthquake and the building settling down, so the woman walked out onto the level of the street. "Street" here refers to the thoroughfare, the ground outside. Which sense fits?

Sense 1: "a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings". This is a general sense of a street as a public road in a city or town. "Street level" could mean the level of such a thoroughfare.

Sense 2: "the part of a thoroughfare between the sidewalks; the part of the thoroughfare on which vehicles travel". This is specifically the roadway, as opposed to the sidewalk. In "street level", it might refer to the level of the road, but typically "street level" means the ground floor level, which includes sidewalks. The woman walked out onto "street level" from a third-floor window, meaning she was at ground level. This doesn't specifically refer to the vehicle part, just the level of the street in general.

Sense 3: "the streets of a city viewed as a depressed environment..." Not applicable here.

Sense 4: "a situation offering opportunities" Not applicable.

Sense 5: "people living or working on the same street" Not applicable.

Between sense 1 and 2, "street level" usually refers to the level of the street in the sense of the thoroughfare overall, not the roadway specifically. In fact, "street" in "street level" is often used to mean the ground floor or outside ground level. Sense 1 includes sidewalks and is more general. The example for sense 1: "they walked the streets of the small town" is more about the general street environment. Sense 2 is more about the part where cars drive, like "be careful crossing the street" (meaning crossing the road). In the context, the woman walked out onto the level of the street, which would be the ground, likely including sidewalk or road. But the phrase "street level" is an established phrase meaning the level of the street, not distinguishing between roadway and sidewalk. I think sense 1 is more appropriate because it encompasses the whole thoroughfare, which is what "street level" implies—the level of the street as a public space. In many dictionaries, "street level" is defined as the level of the street or ground floor, not specifically the part for vehicles.

Let's check the examples: sense 1: "they walked the streets of the small town; he lives on Nassau Street" — that's about the street as a place with buildings. Sense 2: "be careful crossing the street" — that's about the part vehicles travel on. In our sentence, it's about the level relative to the building: she walked out onto street level. That is more akin to "the street" as the area outside the building, which is sense 1.

Thus, I'll pick sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street <t>level</t> after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to pick the best sense for "level" in the context: "The cats are fine, although nervous. 12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground."

The target word is "level" in the phrase "onto street level". So, "street level" means the ground floor, the level of the street. In a three-story apartment, walking out of the third-floor window onto street level suggests that after the quake, the building settled so much that the third floor became at ground level, essentially the ground floor. So, "level" here refers to height relative to the ground, specifically the ground floor or the horizontal surface of the street. It's about a physical height position along a vertical scale.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required → This is about abstract intensity, not physical height.

2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade → This is about value or quality grading, not physical.

3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences? → This is about stages in a process, not physical.

4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level → This is clearly about physical height relative to the ground. "Street level" would be a specific height above ground (zero, essentially). So this fits.

5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level → This is a tool, not relevant.

6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level → This refers to a flat, horizontal surface. "Street level" could be interpreted as the horizontal surface of the street, but it's more about the height or floor level. The phrase "walk out onto street level" implies she stepped out onto the ground, the street level. The word "level" here is part of the compound "street level", meaning the level of the street. It could be seen as a horizontal surface (the street itself) or as a vertical position (the street's height). The example in sense 4 specifically mentions "ankle level" and "pictures at the same level", which are comparisons of height. Sense 6's example "park the car on the level" uses "level" as a noun meaning a flat area. But here, "onto street level" is more about the vertical position: she walked out of the third floor window onto the ground, which is now at the same level as the street. It's a vertical measurement: the third floor became street level. So sense 4 (height above ground) seems most appropriate. Even if "street level" is a specific horizontal surface, the emphasis is on the fact that the height of the floor became the same as the street. The phrase "onto street level" uses "level" as the ground's elevation. Also, note the description: "the house just settled right down into the ground" — so the floor that was third floor is now at ground level. So it's about the height above ground changing to street level.

7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum → Abstract or figurative layers, not physical.

8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on? → This is about a floor of a building. "Street level" is often used synonymously with "ground floor". In fact, "street level" can mean the floor that is at street level. The woman was on the third floor; after the quake, she walked out onto street level — that could mean she walked out onto what was previously the third floor but now is at street level, so it's like a floor level. The definition: a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale. But "street level" isn't a floor of the building per se; it's the level of the street. However, in building contexts, "street level" often refers to the ground floor. But here, it's not that she went down to the ground floor inside; she walked out the window of the third floor directly onto the street, because the building settled so much that the third floor was at ground level. So the phrase "onto street level" essentially means onto the ground, which is at street height. So it's ambiguous between sense 4 (height above ground) and sense 8 (a floor level). Which is better?

Consider: If I say "the water reached ankle level", that's sense 4. If I say "the office is on the second level", that's sense 8. "Street level" is like a specific point on a vertical scale: the height of the street. It's not a room or set of rooms; it's the ground outside. So sense 4 is more general: height above ground. Moreover, the example "the pictures were at the same level" uses level as a height. So street level is a height value (0 altitude). Therefore, sense 4 seems most fitting.

Sense 8 specifically refers to a structure within a building: "what level is the office on?" implies a floor within a building. But here, "street level" is not a floor of the building, it's the external ground. So sense 4 is better.

Thus, I'll pick sense_index: 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: house
Target surface form: house
Context:
12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The <t>house</t> just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=house%1:06:00:: | definition=a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families | examples=he has a house on Cape Cod; she felt she had to get out of the house
2. sense_key=house%1:14:01:: | definition=the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments | synonyms=firm, business firm | examples=he worked for a brokerage house
3. sense_key=house%1:14:04:: | definition=the members of a religious community living together
4. sense_key=house%1:14:03:: | definition=the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema | examples=the house applauded; he counted the house
5. sense_key=house%1:14:02:: | definition=an official assembly having legislative powers | examples=a bicameral legislature has two houses
6. sense_key=house%1:14:00:: | definition=aristocratic family line | examples=the House of York
7. sense_key=house%1:04:00:: | definition=play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults | examples=the children were playing house
8. sense_key=house%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, sign, mansion, planetary house
9. sense_key=house%1:14:06:: | definition=the management of a gambling house or casino | examples=the house gets a percentage of every bet
10. sense_key=house%1:14:05:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
11. sense_key=house%1:06:02:: | definition=a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented | synonyms=theater, theatre | examples=the house was full
12. sense_key=house%1:06:01:: | definition=a building in which something is sheltered or located | examples=they had a large carriage house

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "house" and target surface form "house" in a specific context. The context describes a scene after an earthquake where a woman was able to walk out onto street level because the house just settled right down into the ground. So "house" refers to a physical building where people live. Looking at candidate senses: sense 1 is "a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families" with examples like "he has a house on Cape Cod". That fits perfectly. Other senses: sense 2 is a business firm, sense 3 religious community, sense 4 audience, sense 5 legislative assembly, sense 6 aristocratic family line, sense 7 children's play, sense 8 astrology, sense 9 gambling management, sense 10 a social unit, sense 11 a theater building, sense 12 a building for sheltering something (like carriage house). In context, it's clearly a residential building, so sense 1 is the best. Hence, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ground
Target surface form: ground
Context:
12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the <t>ground</t>. 12:38 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ground%1:17:00:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, earth, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
2. sense_key=ground%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=reason | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
3. sense_key=ground%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=earth | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
4. sense_key=ground%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, basis | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
5. sense_key=ground%1:15:00:: | definition=a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) | examples=they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground
6. sense_key=ground%1:09:00:: | definition=the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground | synonyms=background | examples=he posed her against a background of rolling hills
7. sense_key=ground%1:17:01:: | definition=material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use) | synonyms=land, soil | examples=the land had never been plowed; good agricultural soil
8. sense_key=ground%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
9. sense_key=ground%1:06:02:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=earth
10. sense_key=ground%1:06:01:: | definition=(art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
11. sense_key=ground%1:06:00:: | definition=the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface | synonyms=flat coat, primer, priming, primer coat, priming coat, undercoat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "ground" and the context: "12:15 a.m. DHAWK: Huge fire from broken gas main in the Marina in SF. Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the <t>ground</t>. 12:38 a.m."

We need to choose the best indexed sense among the candidate senses. The target word appears in "into the ground". The sentence "The house just settled right down into the ground" describes how the house sank or settled into the earth's surface due to liquefaction after an earthquake. This indicates the physical ground, the solid part of the earth's surface or the loose material of the land surface. We need to pick the most appropriate sense.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

Sense 1: definition=the solid part of the earth's surface, synonyms=land, dry land, earth, solid ground, terra firma. Example: "the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes". This fits: the house settled into the solid ground? But note that the ground liquefied, so it might not be solid. However, it's still the earth's surface.

Sense 2: rational motive. Not relevant.

Sense 3: definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface, synonyms=earth. Example: "they dug into the earth outside the church". This also fits: the house settled into the loose soft material? "Loose soft material" might be appropriate given "fill" and liquefaction. The house settled into the ground, which is made of fill and liquefied. So sense 3 could be a good match.

Sense 4: relation that provides foundation. Not relevant.

Sense 5: position in battle. Not relevant.

Sense 6: background of a scene. Not relevant.

Sense 7: material in top layer of surface for plants (soil, land). Example: "the land had never been plowed; good agricultural soil". The context doesn't focus on soil for plants, it's about the ground that the house sank into. Might be less specific.

Sense 8: percept in psychology. Not relevant.

Sense 9: electrical connection. Not relevant.

Sense 10: art surface. Not relevant.

Sense 11: primer coat. Not relevant.

Now, between sense 1 and sense 3: sense 1 is "solid part of the earth's surface", sense 3 is "loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface". In the context, the ground is described as made of 'fill' and liquefied, so it is loose, soft material, not solid. Sense 3 emphasizes the loose soft material (earth). Sense 1 emphasizes solid ground. Since the ground just liquefied and the house settled into it, it's the loose material. Sense 3 is more precise. Also, the example for sense 3: "they dug into the earth outside the church" aligns with something that can be dug or settled into. The house settled down into the ground, implying it sank into the loose material. Sense 7 is about soil for plants, but here it's more general earth material, not agricultural. Sense 3 is simply "earth" as the loose material. So sense 3 seems the best match.

Let's check if there's any other nuance. Sense 1 is "solid ground", but the context explicitly mentions liquefaction, so solid ground is not appropriate. The house settled into the ground that was not solid. So sense 3 is better.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drive
Target surface form: driving
Context:
Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was <t>driving</t> my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drive%2:38:01:: | definition=operate or control a vehicle | examples=drive a car or bus; Can you drive this four-wheel truck?
2. sense_key=drive%2:38:00:: | definition=travel or be transported in a vehicle | synonyms=motor | examples=We drove to the university every morning; They motored to London for the theater
3. sense_key=drive%2:38:02:: | definition=cause someone or something to move by driving | examples=She drove me to school every day; We drove the car to the garage
4. sense_key=drive%2:35:00:: | definition=force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically | synonyms=force, ram | examples=She rammed her mind into focus; He drives me mad
5. sense_key=drive%2:41:02:: | definition=to compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly | examples=She is driven by her passion
6. sense_key=drive%2:35:11:: | definition=cause to move back by force or influence | synonyms=repel, repulse, force back, push back, beat back | examples=repel the enemy; push back the urge to smoke
7. sense_key=drive%2:36:00:: | definition=compel somebody to do something, often against his own will or judgment | examples=She finally drove him to change jobs
8. sense_key=drive%2:35:07:: | definition=push, propel, or press with force | examples=Drive a nail into the wall
9. sense_key=drive%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to move rapidly by striking or throwing with force | examples=drive the ball far out into the field
10. sense_key=drive%2:41:00:: | definition=strive and make an effort to reach a goal | synonyms=tug, labor, labour, push | examples=She tugged for years to make a decent living; We have to push a little to make the deadline!
11. sense_key=drive%2:32:00:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=get, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
12. sense_key=drive%2:42:00:: | definition=have certain properties when driven | synonyms=ride | examples=This car rides smoothly; My new truck drives well
13. sense_key=drive%2:41:13:: | definition=work as a driver | examples=He drives a bread truck; She drives for the taxi company in Newark
14. sense_key=drive%2:38:09:: | definition=move by being propelled by a force | examples=The car drove around the corner
15. sense_key=drive%2:38:10:: | definition=urge forward | examples=drive the cows into the barn
16. sense_key=drive%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=take | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
17. sense_key=drive%2:35:03:: | definition=strike with a driver, as in teeing off | examples=drive a golf ball
18. sense_key=drive%2:35:02:: | definition=hit very hard, as by swinging a bat horizontally | examples=drive a ball
19. sense_key=drive%2:35:06:: | definition=excavate horizontally | examples=drive a tunnel
20. sense_key=drive%2:34:07:: | definition=cause to function by supplying the force or power for or by controlling | examples=The amplifier drives the tube; steam drives the engines
21. sense_key=drive%2:33:01:: | definition=hunting: search for game | examples=drive the forest
22. sense_key=drive%2:33:00:: | definition=hunting: chase from cover into more open ground | examples=drive the game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "driving" in the context: "I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit." The candidate senses are listed. The target lemma is "drive" and the surface form is "driving". The context shows someone operating a truck, stopped at a light. That matches sense 1: "operate or control a vehicle". Sense 2 is about traveling as a passenger or being transported, but here the person is the driver. Sense 3 is about causing someone to move by driving, but the object is "my truck", not a person. So sense 1 is the most appropriate. The answer should be JSON with sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: truck
Target surface form: truck
Context:
Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my <t>truck</t>, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truck%1:06:00:: | definition=an automotive vehicle suitable for hauling | synonyms=motortruck
2. sense_key=truck%1:06:01:: | definition=a handcart that has a frame with two low wheels and a ledge at the bottom and handles at the top; used to move crates or other heavy objects | synonyms=hand truck

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "truck" in the given context. The context: "I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit." Clearly, this refers to a motor vehicle, not a handcart. Sense 1 is "an automotive vehicle suitable for hauling" with synonym "motortruck". Sense 2 is "a handcart...". So the correct sense is 1. Return JSON with sense_index: 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stop
Target surface form: stopped
Context:
Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, <t>stopped</t> at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | examples=Block his election; Halt the process
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | examples=The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | examples=block the way; barricade the streets
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "stopped" in the given context. The target surface form is "stopped" and the lemma is "stop". The context: "I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit." The speaker describes being in a truck, stopped at a red light. So "stopped" here describes the truck coming to a halt. The driver is stopped at a red light, meaning the vehicle is not moving. This matches the sense of coming to a halt, stop moving. Looking at the candidates:

1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
This fits perfectly: it's about a vehicle stopping, as in "the car stopped". The example "the car stopped" matches "I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light". So sense 1 is very strong.

Let's check others:
2. put an end to a state or an activity: not about a vehicle halting.
3. stop from happening or developing: not about halting movement.
4. interrupt a trip: could be about stopping at a place, but here it's stopping at a red light, not a stopover.
5. cause to stop: this is transitive, but in the sentence "I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light", "stopped" is intransitive (the truck stopped). So not cause to stop.
6. prevent completion: no.
7. hold back: no.
8. seize on its way: no.
9. have an end: could be temporal, but not "stop moving".
10. render unsuitable for passage: no.
11. stop and wait: "Hold on a moment!" but that's more about pausing an activity, not a vehicle halting.

Thus, sense 1 is clearly the best.

Output as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: red_light
Target surface form: red light
Context:
Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, stopped at a <t>red light</t> at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=red_light%1:10:01:: | definition=a cautionary sign of danger | synonyms=warning light
2. sense_key=red_light%1:10:00:: | definition=the signal to stop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "red_light" with surface form "red light" in the given context. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=red_light%1:10:01:: | definition=a cautionary sign of danger | synonyms=warning light
2. sense_key=red_light%1:10:00:: | definition=the signal to stop

Context: "I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit." The person is driving and stopped at a red light, which is a traffic signal. The red light here refers to the traffic light indicating stop. Sense 2 definition is "the signal to stop" which fits perfectly. Sense 1 is "a cautionary sign of danger" with synonym "warning light", which might be used in other contexts (like a warning light on a dashboard), but here it's clearly a traffic light. So the best sense is 2.

We need to return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: corner
Target surface form: corner
Context:
Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the <t>corner</t> of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=corner%1:15:02:: | definition=a place off to the side of an area | examples=he tripled to the rightfield corner; the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean
2. sense_key=corner%1:15:00:: | definition=the point where two lines meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a rectangle
3. sense_key=corner%1:06:02:: | definition=an interior angle formed by two meeting walls | synonyms=nook | examples=a piano was in one corner of the room
4. sense_key=corner%1:06:00:: | definition=the intersection of two streets | synonyms=street corner, turning point | examples=standing on the corner watching all the girls go by
5. sense_key=corner%1:15:01:: | definition=the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect | examples=the corners of a cube
6. sense_key=corner%1:25:00:: | definition=a small concavity | synonyms=recess, recession, niche
7. sense_key=corner%1:26:00:: | definition=a temporary monopoly on a kind of commercial trade | examples=a corner on the silver market
8. sense_key=corner%1:26:01:: | definition=a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible | synonyms=box | examples=his lying got him into a tight corner
9. sense_key=corner%1:17:00:: | definition=a projecting part where two sides or edges meet | examples=he knocked off the corners
10. sense_key=corner%1:15:03:: | definition=a remote area | examples=in many corners of the world they still practice slavery
11. sense_key=corner%1:06:01:: | definition=(architecture) solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone | synonyms=quoin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "corner" and the target surface form "corner". The context is: "Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. ... 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit." So they are at the intersection of two streets: Shattuck and Alcatraz. The candidate senses include sense 4: "the intersection of two streets", synonyms: street corner, turning point, examples: "standing on the corner watching all the girls go by". This fits perfectly. Sense 2 is "the point where two lines meet or intersect" but that is more geometric, like corners of a rectangle. Sense 3 is an interior angle formed by two meeting walls. Sense 4 explicitly is for street intersections. So the best indexed sense is 4.

Answer: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hit
Target surface form: hit
Context:
Areas that are made of 'fill' liquefy. A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it <t>hit</t>. Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hit%2:35:03:: | definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. sense_key=hit%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. sense_key=hit%2:35:00:: | definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. sense_key=hit%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. sense_key=hit%2:33:01:: | definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. sense_key=hit%2:40:05:: | definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. sense_key=hit%2:33:02:: | definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. sense_key=hit%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. sense_key=hit%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. sense_key=hit%2:41:00:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. sense_key=hit%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. sense_key=hit%2:38:07:: | definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. sense_key=hit%2:35:02:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. sense_key=hit%2:34:00:: | definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. sense_key=hit%2:33:03:: | definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. sense_key=hit%2:32:12:: | definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "hit" in context: "I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner ... when it hit."

The "it" refers to the earthquake. So the earthquake hit. The sense is that the earthquake struck or affected suddenly. Looking at candidate senses:

1. cause to move by striking - No, not moving something by striking.
2. hit against; come into sudden contact with - Possibly, but the earthquake is not a physical object coming into contact; it's a natural event.
3. deal a blow to - Not literal blow.
4. reach a destination - No.
5. affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely - synonyms: strike. Examples: "We were hit by really bad weather". This fits perfectly: the earthquake hit (affected suddenly and adversely).
6. hit with a missile from a weapon - No.
7. encounter by chance - No.
8. gain points - No.
9. cause to experience suddenly - synonyms: strike, come to. Examples: "Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her". This is similar but more about causing an experience in a person. However, the sentence says "when it hit" - it is the earthquake itself that hit, not causing an experience. But sense 9 is about causing an experience suddenly, e.g., "Panic struck me" - the subject is the cause of the experience. It could be that "it hit" means the earthquake struck, causing sudden experience. But sense 5 specifically says "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely", which is more direct for natural disasters.
10. strategic assault - No.
11. kill intentionally - No.
12. drive something violently into a location - No.
13. reach a point in time or state - No.
14. produce by manipulating keys - No.
15. consume to excess - No.
16. hit the intended target - No.
17. pay unsolicited sexual attention - No.

Between 5 and 9: Sense 5: affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely, with examples: "We were hit by really bad weather". That is a passive construction, but the active would be "Bad weather hit us". Here, "it hit" is active intransitive-like but the subject is the earthquake. Sense 9 is "cause to experience suddenly", like "Panic struck me". Both could work, but sense 5 is specifically for adverse afflictions, which fits an earthquake. Sense 9 is more about a sudden realization or emotion. The sentence says "when it hit", meaning when the earthquake struck. That's more akin to sense 5. Also, WordNet for "hit" sense 5 includes "strike" as a synonym and gives example "We were hit by really bad weather". That's the best match.

Thus sense_index: 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst <t>part</t> was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away. 12:48 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "part" with surface form "part" in the context: "Worst <t>part</t> was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away." This is from a narrative about an earthquake. The person is describing the worst aspect of the experience. So "part" here refers to an aspect, element, or portion of the overall experience. The candidate senses include various definitions. Sense 1: something determined in relation to something that includes it (portion, component part). Sense 9: one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole (section, division). Sense 9 seems more about a conceptual division, like "the written part of the exam". Sense 1 is about a part as a component, but also includes the example "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger". In context, "worst part" is a common phrase meaning the most unpleasant aspect of an experience. That aligns with sense 9, where "part" is one of the portions into which something is divided, like a section of an event. However, sense 1 is also a candidate. Sense 4: that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation, but that doesn't fit because it's about role (e.g., "on our part"). Sense 2 is about a physical part of an artifact; not applicable. Sense 3 is a piece of a natural object; no. Sense 5 is region; no. Sense 6 is role/function; no. Sense 7 is theatrical role; no. Sense 8 is share of assets; no. Sense 10 is hair parting; no. Sense 11 is musical voice; no. Sense 12 is contribution in bringing about a result; that could work but it's specific to a person's contribution. The phrase "worst part" usually means the worst aspect/element. So sense 9 seems most appropriate: one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole. The examples include "the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company", which are abstract divisions. Thus, with the context "Worst part was watching...", it's like saying the worst aspect of the experience. So index 9.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 9}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: watch
Target surface form: watching
Context:
A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst part was <t>watching</t> power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away. 12:48 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=watch%2:39:00:: | definition=look attentively | examples=watch a basketball game
2. sense_key=watch%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
3. sense_key=watch%2:39:05:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=view, see, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
4. sense_key=watch%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=look on | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
5. sense_key=watch%2:39:01:: | definition=be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful | synonyms=look out, watch out | examples=Watch out for pickpockets!
6. sense_key=watch%2:39:03:: | definition=observe or determine by looking | examples=Watch how the dog chases the cats away
7. sense_key=watch%2:32:09:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "Worst part was watching power lines waving above my head and no way to drive away." The target lemma is "watch" and the surface form is "watching". We need to choose the best sense from the provided candidates.

Let's analyze the context: The speaker is describing a terrifying experience during an earthquake. They were in a truck, stopped at a red light, and the worst part was seeing/watching power lines waving above them, with no way to drive away. The act of "watching" here involves observing something happening in real-time, likely with fear or attention because of the danger. It's not about entertainment (like watching a show), it's not about being vigilant or careful (like "watch out!"), it's not about determining something by looking, and it's not about following something with the eyes in a protective sense. It's simply visually perceiving the power lines waving.

Now, examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=watch%2:39:00:: | definition=look attentively | examples=watch a basketball game. This implies purposeful attention, like watching an event. Could fit, but is "attentively" the best? The context suggests he is seeing it, maybe not intentionally focusing, but it's happening right above him.

2. sense_key=watch%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo. This sense is about monitoring or observing something over time, often with some care or attention. "Follow" implies maintaining attention on something moving. Power lines waving: he is watching them move, so he is following them with his eyes? That could be possible. But note the examples: "Keep an eye on the baby" suggests a protective watch, and "The world is watching Sarajevo" suggests monitoring a situation. The context isn't about protective watching, it's just noticing.

3. sense_key=watch%2:39:05:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=view, see, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world. This sense is very broad: it's synonymous with "see" or "view", especially applied to visual media or events. He's "seeing" the power lines wave. This sense seems to be about visual perception without the attentive or intentional nuance of sense 1. However, the examples "view a show on television" suggest an entertainment context. But the definition "see or watch" is quite general. Could apply.

4. sense_key=watch%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=look on | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed. This is about being a spectator to an event, often with focused attention. He is definitely watching the power lines, but it's not a planned spectator event; it's a sudden occurrence. Still, "observe with attention" fits: he is observing the power lines with attention because it's dangerous. But the example implies a deliberate act of watching an event unfold. Possibly a good fit.

5. sense_key=watch%2:39:01:: | definition=be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful | synonyms=look out, watch out | examples=Watch out for pickpockets! This is about alertness to danger, usually imperative. He is not "being vigilant" in the sense of actively looking for danger; the danger is already present and he's observing it. So this is not appropriate.

6. sense_key=watch%2:39:03:: | definition=observe or determine by looking | examples=Watch how the dog chases the cats away. This implies using observation to learn or determine something. He's not trying to learn anything from the power lines waving; it's just an experience. Not the best.

7. sense_key=watch%2:32:09:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works. This is about investigating or ascertaining something. Definitely not, he's not trying to determine anything.

Now, consider the nuance. The phrase "watching power lines waving above my head" describes the visual experience of seeing the power lines sway dangerously. It is involuntary in the sense that he's stuck there, but he is directing his eyes at them. The verb "watch" often implies active looking, but sometimes it can simply mean "look at something happening." Sense 1: "look attentively" – yes, he likely is looking attentively because of the danger. Sense 3: "see or watch" – more passive. Sense 4: "observe with attention" – also active. Sense 2: "follow with the eyes" – this might be the most precise because the power lines are "waving," i.e., moving, and he is tracking that movement with his eyes. The definition "follow with the eyes or the mind" fits perfectly with watching moving objects. The example "Keep an eye on the baby, please!" suggests continuous surveillance, but "The world is watching Sarajevo" is about the ongoing situation. Here, it's a momentary event: he's watching the power lines wave. But "follow with the eyes" is literally what you do when something is waving. Could be sense 2.

Let's check typical WordNet sense mappings for similar contexts. In many WSD datasets, "watch" for "watch a movie" would be sense 3 (see or watch), while "watch the kids" is sense 2 (follow with the eyes). "Watch the game" is sense 1 (look attentively). For a scene unfolding, like "watching the sunset," which sense would be? Probably sense 3 or sense 1. For a moving object, "watch the ball" in sports might be sense 1 or sense 2. The gloss for sense 2 says "follow with the eyes or the mind," synonyms: observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on. The "follow" aspect is key. He is watching the power lines waving, so he is following the motion with his eyes. That fits.

Compare with sense 1: "look attentively" doesn't necessarily imply following movement. Sense 4: "observe with attention" is similar but again no explicit following. However, all of them could be used, but we need the best indexed sense. The context emphasizes the motion: "waving" implies movement, and "watching" something waving involves tracking it. So sense 2 might be most precise.

Let's also look at the example for sense 2: "Keep an eye on the baby, please!" – that's to monitor the baby to ensure safety. Similarly, watching the power lines is monitoring a danger. The speaker is likely keeping an eye on the power lines to see if they might fall. So it's a kind of surveillance. "The world is watching Sarajevo" implies observing a situation closely. That matches the sense of watching a dangerous situation unfold.

Sense 4's example: "They watched as the murderer was executed" – that is a spectator scenario, passive observation of an event. Could also fit. But I think sense 2 is better because it captures both the visual tracking and the monitoring aspect.

Sense 3 is too general ("see or watch") and is often used for media consumption.

Thus, I'll choose sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wave
Target surface form: waving
Context:
A woman in a three-story apartment was able to walk out the window of the third floor onto street level after the quake. The house just settled right down into the ground. 12:38 a.m. DAYAC: I was driving my truck, stopped at a red light at the corner of Shattuck and Alcatraz at the Oakland-Berkeley border when it hit. Worst part was watching power lines <t>waving</t> above my head and no way to drive away. 12:48 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wave%2:32:00:: | definition=signal with the hands or nod | synonyms=beckon | examples=She waved to her friends; He waved his hand hospitably
2. sense_key=wave%2:35:00:: | definition=move or swing back and forth | synonyms=brandish, flourish | examples=She waved her gun
3. sense_key=wave%2:38:00:: | definition=move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion | synonyms=roll, undulate, flap | examples=The curtains undulated; the waves rolled towards the beach
4. sense_key=wave%2:35:01:: | definition=twist or roll into coils or ringlets | synonyms=curl | examples=curl my hair, please
5. sense_key=wave%2:29:00:: | definition=set waves in | examples=she asked the hairdresser to wave her hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for "waving" in the given context. The target lemma is "wave". The surface form is "waving". The context: "Worst part was watching power lines <t>waving</t> above my head and no way to drive away." So power lines are waving. The candidate senses are:

1. wave%2:32:00:: : signal with hands or nod. Example: She waved to her friends.
2. wave%2:35:00:: : move or swing back and forth. Synonyms: brandish, flourish. Example: She waved her gun.
3. wave%2:38:00:: : move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion. Synonyms: roll, undulate, flap. Example: The curtains undulated; the waves rolled towards the beach.
4. wave%2:35:01:: : twist or roll into coils or ringlets. Synonyms: curl. Example: curl my hair, please.
5. wave%2:29:00:: : set waves in. Example: she asked the hairdresser to wave her hair.

The context is about power lines moving in an earthquake. They are not being used to signal or brandished by a person. They are moving back and forth, probably in a wavy pattern. Sense 2 is "move or swing back and forth" and involves brandishing, which typically implies holding something and waving it. Sense 3 is "move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion" and examples include curtains undulating and waves rolling. This fits inanimate objects like power lines moving due to an earthquake. Sense 3 seems more appropriate for power lines as they are not being held or brandished; they are just moving in the air. Therefore, the best sense is 3.

The answer should be a JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: WandB