[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
2. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
4. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
5. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
6. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
10. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
15. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
16. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
17. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
18. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "have" in the context of "patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." The candidate senses are many. The context is medical: patients have certain other side effects, like experiencing or suffering them. Synonyms include "experience" in sense 3: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" (experience, receive, get) with examples like "get an idea; experience vertigo". That fits well. Other possible candidates: sense 16 "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" (suffer, sustain, get) with example "She suffered a fracture ... He had an insulin shock". That also fits: "who have certain other side effects" means who experience/suffer from side effects. Both 3 and 16 are similar, but sense 16 specifically mentions "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" which matches "side effects" well. Sense 3 is broader: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" and includes "experience vertigo". In medical contexts, "have side effects" is similar to "suffer from side effects". Let's check sense 12: "suffer from; be ill with" example "She has arthritis". That fits well too: "who have certain other side effects" means they suffer from/experience them. But sense 12 is "be ill with" which is more about chronic illness, not necessarily transient side effects. However, side effects can be transient. Sense 16: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" so it's more about going through an event. Sense 3: "experience, get". All three could work. But we need the best fit. Let's read the context: "patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." This implies they experience/develop these side effects, similar to "get side effects". Sense 3's examples: "get an idea; experience vertigo". Sense 16's example: "He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars" is like an acute episode. "Side effects" are typically adverse events that a patient might experience. In medical writing, "have a side effect" means "experience a side effect". So sense 3 seems plausible. Sense 16's definition "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" fits side effects as illnesses/conditions? Side effects are not necessarily injuries or illnesses, but adverse reactions. Sense 3 is broader: mental or physical states. So I'd lean toward sense 3. But check sense 2: "have as a feature" could apply to a patient having a side effect as a feature? That doesn't fit as well. Sense 12: "suffer from; be ill with" implies a prolonged condition; side effects can be temporary, but "suffer from" is often used. However, the example "She has arthritis" is a chronic illness. Side effects are usually temporary, but people say "I have a headache" (temporary) using "have". That could be sense 12? Sense 12: "suffer from; be ill with". Headache is an illness. If sense 12 includes acute conditions? "Have a cold" is similar. So that might fit. Let's compare the definitions:
- Sense 3: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" synonyms: experience, receive, get. Example: get an idea; experience vertigo.
- Sense 12: "suffer from; be ill with." Example: She has arthritis.
- Sense 16: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" synonyms: suffer, sustain, get. Example: She suffered a fracture; He had an insulin shock.

"have side effects" means to experience them. I think sense 3 fits better because "experience" is a direct synonym, and side effects are states/experiences. Sense 16 is about undergoing injuries/illnesses which are more severe or specific events. Side effects can be mild. Sense 12 is about being ill with something, but side effects are not necessarily illnesses; they are effects from a drug. So I'll go with sense 3.

Thus, the answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "certain" in the given context.

Context: "Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems."

Target surface form: "certain" within <t> tags. The sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."

We need to choose from the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

In context, "certain other side effects" means some particular, unspecified side effects. It is modifying "other side effects" to indicate that there are side effects that are not named specifically but are known to the doctor. This is the sense of "definite but not specified or identified". Look at sense 1: definition "definite but not specified or identified", examples: "set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree". That matches perfectly.

The other senses: sense 2 (feeling no doubt), sense 3 (definitely known), sense 4 (certain to occur), sense 5 (established irrevocably), sense 6 (reliable), sense 7 (careful) do not fit. The context is about a specific set of side effects that are not explicitly listed here, so it's the "certain" meaning "some particular but not named".

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

Now, we return JSON like {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain <t>other</t> side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "other" and surface form "other". The context is a medical text about Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. The sentence with the target word: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."

We need to choose the correct sense from four options.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
   This sense means "additional" or "different from the one(s) already mentioned". In the context, "certain other side effects" means side effects that are different from the ones already mentioned? Actually, the text mentions side effects like those reduced by taking corticosteroid and folic acid, etc. Then it says "when Alimta is given with cisplatin, ..." and then "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." Here, "other" likely refers to additional side effects, not specifically mentioned earlier. It could mean "different from the already mentioned ones" or simply "additional". This seems like a good match.

2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
   This sense is about time, "recently past". Not relevant here; "other side effects" are not about time.

3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
   Again about time, distant past. Not relevant.

4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
   This means "strange" or "unusual". The context: "certain other side effects" does not imply strange or unusual; it's just referring to additional or different side effects. Medical texts often use "other" to mean "additional" or "different from the ones specified". So sense 1 is the most standard.

Sense 1 is the default determiner/adjective sense meaning "not the same one already mentioned" or "additional". In the WordNet gloss, it says "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". In the context, they talk about side effects that might require dose adjustment, like abnormal blood counts, and then "certain other side effects" – meaning side effects besides the ones just mentioned (or perhaps besides the ones typically managed). So it fits perfectly.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

But we need to output a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}. Note that the instructions say "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." So just the index number.

Provide the answer.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other <t>side effects</t>. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "side effects" in the given context. The candidate senses are provided with definitions and examples. Let's examine the context: The text discusses the drug Alimta, its dosage, and measures to reduce side effects. Specifically, it mentions: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid... When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine and fluids should also be given... Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." Clearly, the "side effects" here refer to the adverse effects of a drug or therapy. Sense 1 explicitly defines it as "a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy" with example: "severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug." Sense 2 is more general: "any adverse and unwanted secondary effect" with an example about a scandal's fallout. In the context of a medical drug treatment, sense 1 is the perfect fit. Thus, we choose sense index 1.

Now, output in JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for <t>use</t> in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers
2. sense_key=use%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, role | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=use%1:07:02:: | definition=a particular service | examples=he put his knowledge to good use; patrons have their uses
4. sense_key=use%1:22:00:: | definition=(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing | synonyms=consumption, economic consumption, usance, use of goods and services | examples=the consumption of energy has increased steadily
5. sense_key=use%1:04:01:: | definition=(psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition | synonyms=habit | examples=owls have nocturnal habits; she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair
6. sense_key=use%1:04:02:: | definition=exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage | synonyms=manipulation | examples=his manipulation of his friends was scandalous
7. sense_key=use%1:07:03:: | definition=(law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property | synonyms=enjoyment | examples=we were given the use of his boat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "use" as a noun in the given context: "Alimta is not recommended for <t>use</t> in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems." The target surface form is "use". We need to select the best indexed sense from the provided list of candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context. The sentence says: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems." Here, "use" refers to the act of using the drug Alimta. It is the act of employing or administering the drug. So, it is about the act of using, not the purpose, function, consumption, habit, manipulation, or legal right.

Now, look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=use%1:04:00:: definition: the act of using. synonyms: usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise. examples: he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers. This fits perfectly: "Alimta is not recommended for use" means "the act of using Alimta is not recommended".

2. definition: what something is used for (function, purpose, role). That doesn't fit. The sentence is not about the purpose of Alimta, but about the act of using it.

3. definition: a particular service. Example: he put his knowledge to good use. It's about employing something for a service. Could be close, but sense 1 is more direct: the act of using.

4. definition: (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing. That doesn't fit a medical context.

5. definition: (psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior. No.

6. definition: exerting shrewd or devious influence. No.

7. definition: (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property. No.

So, sense 1 is clearly the correct sense: the act of using.

We need to output a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in <t>patients</t> with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "patient" in the given context. The target surface form is "patients", and the context is around a medical treatment: Alimta dosage, administration, side effects, and then specifically: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems." So clearly, the sense is a person receiving medical treatment. That matches sense 1: "a person who requires medical care". Sense 2 is a linguistic term ("affected role"), which is not relevant here. So the best indexed sense is 1.

Output must be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: moderate
Target surface form: moderate
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with <t>moderate</t> or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=moderate%3:00:00:: | definition=being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme | examples=moderate prices; a moderate income
2. sense_key=moderate%5:00:00:mild:00 | definition=not extreme | synonyms=temperate | examples=a moderate penalty; temperate in his response to criticism
3. sense_key=moderate%5:00:00:temperate:00 | definition=marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes | synonyms=restrained | examples=moderate in his demands; restrained in his response

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "moderate" in the context: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems." The word is used attributively modifying "kidney problems". We need to choose among three candidate senses.

Sense 1: "being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme" with examples "moderate prices; a moderate income". This is a general sense of being middle-of-the-road, not too much.

Sense 2: "not extreme" with synonyms "temperate" and example "a moderate penalty; temperate in his response to criticism". This seems similar, but note the synonym "temperate" and the example shows a penalty that is not extreme.

Sense 3: "marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes" with synonyms "restrained" and examples "moderate in his demands; restrained in his response". This sense emphasizes restraint, avoiding extremes.

In the medical context, "moderate kidney problems" refers to a level of severity: not mild, not severe, but moderate. It's about being within a range that is not extreme. This matches well with sense 1: being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme. The examples given for sense 1 are about amounts (prices, income), which align with a gradable property. Kidney problems can be mild, moderate, or severe, so "moderate" here indicates a mid-level severity.

Sense 2 also says "not extreme" but it's defined with a relational adjective "moderate%5:00:00:mild:00", which often points to a particular usage. The example "a moderate penalty" might imply a degree of severity as well. However, sense 1 is the most basic and likely applied to measurable quantities or grades.

Sense 3 emphasizes avoidance of extravagance, which implies a person's behavior or demands being restrained. That doesn't fit "kidney problems" as they are not volitional. So sense 3 is not appropriate.

Between sense 1 and sense 2, sense 1 is the most general and directly applicable. In WordNet, the adjective "moderate" has multiple related senses, and this usage clearly falls under the first one: not extreme in degree. In fact, many dictionary definitions for medical contexts would say "not severe or extreme, but also not mild" – that's sense 1. Sense 2 is specifically linked to the word "temperate" as a synonym, which often relates to climate or behavior, though the example "a moderate penalty" fits, but it's a subset. However, sense 1's examples "moderate prices; a moderate income" are about quantitative levels, much like "moderate kidney problems". So I pick sense 1.

But wait, the key difference: sense key "moderate%3:00:00::" is a general adjective, while "moderate%5:00:00:mild:00" is a relational adjective from "mild"? Not sure. But based on the gloss, sense 1 directly describes being within reasonable limits, which fits the medical context perfectly. Sense 2 says "not extreme" but adds "temperate" which is not used here. The example "temperate in his response to criticism" is about behavior. So sense 1 is better.

Thus, I select sense index 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or <t>severe</t> kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "severe" in the sentence: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate senses.

Let's analyze the context: "severe kidney problems" - this is a medical context. "Severe" modifies "kidney problems", indicating the intensity or degree of the problem. It's describing the seriousness of a medical condition.

Now go through each candidate:

1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
   - This fits: "severe kidney problems" means kidney problems that are intensely bad in degree. The example "a severe case of flu" is similar: a medical condition of high intensity.

2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
   - This refers to physical force or strength. Not suitable for kidney problems.

3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
   - This refers to simplicity or lack of adornment. Not relevant.

4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
   - This refers to strictness or sternness in behavior or appearance. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
   - This also could fit: severe kidney problems could be life-threatening or grave. The synonyms include "serious", which is commonly used for medical conditions. But the definition emphasizes "causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm". That's a bit more extreme.

6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage
   - This also indicates degree of badness. "Very bad in degree or extent" is similar to sense 1. But sense 1 specifies "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality", and the example "severe pain" is more directly medical. Sense 6's examples are about depression and damage, more about extent of damage.

In medical contexts, "severe" is typically used in the sense of "intense" or "extremely bad" (sense 1), while sense 5 ("grave, serious") is also used. However, "severe kidney problems" is directly analogous to "a severe case of flu" – it describes the intensity of the condition. Sense 5's examples are "dangerous operation", "grave situation" – they emphasize threat, but kidney problems might be described as "severe" meaning intense in degree rather than necessarily immediately life-threatening. The phrase "moderate or severe" is a grading of intensity, like mild, moderate, severe. That grading is about degree, not about fear/anxiety per se. So sense 1 is a better fit.

Sense 6 "very bad in degree or extent" seems close to sense 1, but sense 1 explicitly includes the "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant" definition, and the synonym "terrible", example "severe pain". I'd lean toward sense 1 because "severe pain" is a typical medical usage. Also, WordNet often has multiple similar senses; we need to pick the one that fits the specific usage. Sense 1 is tagged as "intense", which is the most direct for "severe kidney problems" meaning intense kidney problems.

Thus, the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problems
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney <t>problems</t>. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "problems" in the given context. The target lemma is "problem", surface form "problems". The context is: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems." We need to choose the best indexed sense from the three candidates.

Let's examine the senses:

1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

We need to use the context, synonyms, and examples. The context is about medical conditions: "kidney problems" refers to issues with kidney function, i.e., a medical condition where the kidneys are not working properly. That is a state of difficulty or a source of difficulty, not a question to solve.

Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" with examples "she and her husband are having problems" (personal problems) and "it is always a job to contact him" (using job as synonym). This could fit: kidney problems are a state of difficulty requiring resolution (treatment). But the context is about a contraindication: patients with moderate or severe kidney problems should not use Alimta. That is a condition.

Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" with synonyms "trouble" (trouble is misspelled, should be trouble, but it says synonyms=trouble) and examples "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" This also fits: kidney problems could be seen as a source of difficulty. But sense 3 is more about a thing that causes trouble, whereas sense 1 is a state of difficulty. The distinction is subtle. Sense 1 definition: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" – that seems more like a situation or condition. Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" – that might be the thing that causes the difficulty. In the phrase "kidney problems", it's often used to mean a medical condition (a disorder). That is a state of difficulty. Sense 1's example "she and her husband are having problems" is about personal difficulties, and "kidney problems" is similar: it's a condition. Sense 3's example "what's the problem?" is asking about the source. But in the sentence, it says "patients with moderate or severe kidney problems" – here "problems" is a condition they have. It's not a question to consider (sense 2). Sense 2 is clearly about academic exercises or puzzles. So sense 2 is out.

Between sense 1 and sense 3, I think sense 1 is more appropriate because it emphasizes a state that needs resolution, which aligns with a medical condition that requires management. Sense 3's example "one trouble after another delayed the job" is about a series of difficulties, and "what's the problem?" is an inquiry about the specific issue. But in "kidney problems", it's a plural form indicating the condition itself, not a single source. Given the context, "patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects" – they also mention "side effects" which are problems. So "problems" here refers to adverse conditions (states of difficulty). I think sense 1 is the best.

Let's check synonyms: sense 1 has synonym "job" – that doesn't fit well. Sense 3 has "trouble" [sic]. But the context matters more. The definition of sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" – "needs to be resolved" might imply that it's something to be fixed, but in a medical context, it's a condition that requires management, not necessarily resolved. However, it's still a state. I'd lean toward sense 3? Actually, looking at WordNet, there is another sense for "problem": problem%1:26:01:: (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved) and problem%1:09:00:: (a source of difficulty). Usually, in "health problems", it's often the state sense. For example, "health problems" are conditions. The example "she and her husband are having problems" is about relationship problems, which is a state. "Kidney problems" is a state. The synonym "job" is odd, but that's just a synonym.

I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For <t>more</t> information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support
2. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation on the target word "more" in the context: "For <t>more</t> information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR)."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support
2. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas

We need to choose the best sense. The context uses "more information". "Information" is typically treated as a mass noun (uncountable). We say "more information", not "many informations". So sense 1 applies: it's the comparative of 'much' used with mass nouns. Sense 2 is for count nouns (comparative of 'many'). The examples for sense 1 include "more support" which is also mass, similar to "more information". So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: information
Target surface form: information
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more <t>information</t>, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=information%1:10:00:: | definition=a message received and understood | synonyms=info
2. sense_key=information%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction
3. sense_key=information%1:10:02:: | definition=formal accusation of a crime
4. sense_key=information%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn | synonyms=data | examples=statistical data
5. sense_key=information%1:07:00:: | definition=(communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome | synonyms=selective information, entropy | examples=the signal contained thousands of bits of information

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "information" in the given context. The context is a medical/pharmaceutical text about a drug called Alimta. The sentence: "For more <t>information</t>, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR)." This is a typical phrase where "information" refers to additional details or data about the drug, its usage, side effects, etc. It's not a message, accusation, or entropy. It is knowledge or facts that can be obtained by reading the Summary of Product Characteristics.

Let's evaluate each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=information%1:10:00:: | definition=a message received and understood | synonyms=info
   This could work as "info" is a synonym, but the definition emphasizes a message that is received and understood. In this context, "information" is not just a message but a collection of facts or details. It's more about the content than the act of receiving a message.

2. sense_key=information%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction
   This sense is about knowledge acquired, but the phrase "for more information" is referring to a source of information (the Summary of Product Characteristics), not the knowledge itself. It's the facts that are available, not the knowledge one gains.

3. sense_key=information%1:10:02:: | definition=formal accusation of a crime
   Clearly not relevant.

4. sense_key=information%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn | synonyms=data | examples=statistical data
   This seems fitting. The Summary of Product Characteristics contains a collection of facts about the drug. It's data or detailed information. The example "statistical data" aligns, though here it's medical/pharmacological data.

5. sense_key=information%1:07:00:: | definition=(communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome | synonyms=selective information, entropy
   Not relevant.

Between sense 1 and 4, sense 4 more precisely captures "information" as a body of facts. Sense 1 is more about a communicated message. In medical contexts, "for more information" refers to detailed factual content, which is a collection of facts. Therefore, sense 4 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, <t>see</t> the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "see" in the sentence: "For more information, <t>see</t> the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR)." We need to choose the best indexed sense from the list provided.

Let's analyze the context: It is from a medical/pharmaceutical text, instructing the reader to "see" a document for more information. So "see" is used as a directive to refer to another source. It means something like "consult" or "look at". This is a common usage.

Now, look at the senses:

1. perceive by sight (literal seeing)
2. understand (mental perception)
3. witness, find (be contemporaneous with)
4. imagine
5. consider, regard
6. learn, hear (become aware of accidentally)
7. watch (a show)
8. meet (encounter a person)
9. find out, check (make an effort to learn)
10. ensure, see to it
11. professional visit (see a lawyer)
12. social visit
13. visit a place
14. take care of, attend to
15. receive as a guest
16. date
17. have a good eye (artist)
18. deliberate or decide
19. observe as if with eye (camera)
20. examine, inspect (check passport)
21. experience, go through
22. escort
23. match a bet
24. interpret

The target sentence: "For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics." Here, "see" is used in the imperative, directing someone to refer to a written document. The closest senses are those relating to looking at or consulting information. Sense 1 is too literal, though it could be argued "see" literally means look at with your eyes, but it's more about consulting. Sense 9 is "find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort" with examples: "I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works". That is about checking something. But here it's about referring to a document. Sense 20 is "observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect" with example "I must see your passport before you can enter the country". That involves inspecting a document. But the context is friendly, like "for more info, see X". Sense 1 is still possible: "perceive by sight" as in "See the bird?" but that's too literal. However, WordNet sense 1 includes "You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?" That's about visual perception. Our context is not about visual acuity; it's about looking up information. There might be a sense related to "refer to" or "consult", but none of the listed senses explicitly say "refer to". Sense 13 is "go to see a place, as for entertainment", but that's visiting places. Sense 11 is professional visit. Not quite.

We should consider that in the context of written instructions, "see" meaning "refer to" is a common usage. What sense best covers this? Perhaps sense 9: "find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort" — checking something. Sense 20: "examine, inspect". Or maybe sense 1 is broad enough: you are literally to look at the document with your eyes to read it. But that seems too simplistic.

Let's compare: Sense 9 includes "See whether it works" — that's about verifying. The object is a clause or situation. Here the object is a document. Sense 20: "examine" with "I must see your passport" is closer because it's a document, but that sense involves an authority checking something (passport, baggage). That's not the case for the instruction "see the Summary". It's simply a pointer.

Often, in such texts, "see" means "see the document for more info" which is an instruction to look at it. So it's a direction of the gaze, but the intent is to read. I think the intended meaning is "refer to" or "consult". Is there a sense in the list that fits? I don't see one explicitly. Maybe it's sense 1, as the most basic. But let's check the examples: Sense 1: "Can you see the bird in that tree?" That's about seeing something visually. The summary is a document you look at. So maybe 1.

However, note that the document is part of the EPAR, so they might be telling you to look it up. I'd lean toward sense 1 because it's the only one that directly involves visual perception of an object. Sense 20 is about inspecting, but "see your passport" is a different nuance. Sense 9 is about finding out information, but the object is typically a clause.

Actually, in WordNet, sense 1 is the most encompassing for literal seeing. But we need to be precise.

Let's see if any other sense fits better. Sense 3: "witness, find" — not quite. Sense 7: "watch, view" — that is for entertainment. Sense 19: "observe as if with an eye" — for camera. No.

Perhaps the sense is not listed specifically, but we must choose from the given. I'll choose sense 1 because "see" + document is a physical act of looking at it.

But wait, there's also sense 9: "find out, learn... by making an inquiry or other effort". The effort here is minimal, but it could be "for more information, see X" meaning "consult X to learn more". That fits the "learn" aspect. The example "See whether it works" is similar in structure: "see [source] to find out". However, the object of 9 is usually a question or clause, not a concrete noun phrase like "the Summary". In the example, "I want to see whether she speaks French" — the object is a complement clause. "See whether it works" also clause. But here it's a direct object NP: "see the Summary". So syntactically, it's a transitive verb with a direct object, not a clause. That pattern is more like sense 1: "see the bird", "see all the details". Or sense 20: "examine the baggage", "see your passport". Sense 20: "observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect". The instruction to "see" a document for more information implies you should look at it and read it, maybe inspect it. So sense 20 might be a good fit: "examine". The example "I must see your passport" is an authority checking a document. Here, the reader is directly being told to look at the Summary. I'd go with sense 20 because it specifically pertains to inspecting or looking over something carefully, which fits reading a document for information.

Compare: sense 1 is merely perceiving by sight, which doesn't imply careful reading. Sense 20 emphasizes examining. In medical/pharmaceutical contexts, "see" a document means consult it. That is more active.

Sense 20 also has synonym "examine". So I'll choose 20.

But let's double-check: The definition of sense 20 is "observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect". The example: "The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country." The passport example is directly about requiring a document. So "see the Summary of Product Characteristics" is analogous: you need to look at that document.

Therefore, sense_index = 20.

Now, output as JSON.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: product
Target surface form: Product
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of <t>Product</t> Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=product%1:06:01:: | definition=commodities offered for sale | synonyms=merchandise, ware | examples=good business depends on having good merchandise; that store offers a variety of products
2. sense_key=product%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that has been created by someone or some process | synonyms=production | examples=they improve their product every year; they export most of their agricultural production
3. sense_key=product%1:09:00:: | definition=a quantity obtained by multiplication | synonyms=mathematical product | examples=the product of 2 and 3 is 6
4. sense_key=product%1:27:00:: | definition=a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction | examples=a product of lime and nitric acid
5. sense_key=product%1:19:00:: | definition=a consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances | examples=skill is the product of hours of practice; his reaction was the product of hunger and fatigue
6. sense_key=product%1:14:00:: | definition=the set of elements common to two or more sets | synonyms=intersection, Cartesian product | examples=the set of red hats is the intersection of the set of hats and the set of red things

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "Product" in the phrase "Summary of Product Characteristics" from the provided context. The context is about a pharmaceutical product, Alimta, and the text mentions "Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR)". This is a standard term in medical/pharmaceutical contexts: the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) is a document describing the properties and official conditions of use of a medicinal product. So "Product" here refers to the medicinal product, i.e., the drug. Among the candidate senses:

1. commodities offered for sale → merchandise, ware. This is a general commercial sense. The drug is a product offered for sale, so it's a possibility.

2. an artifact that has been created by someone or some process → production. This is more about something manufactured. A drug is manufactured, but the phrase "Summary of Product Characteristics" is a regulatory term for a medicinal product. Sense 2 might fit, but it's broad.

3. mathematical product: irrelevant.

4. chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction: a drug might be a chemical substance, but the phrase "Product" here is not specifically a chemical reaction product; it's the final drug product.

5. a consequence: irrelevant.

6. set intersection: irrelevant.

The key is to identify which sense is most appropriate in the specialized term "Summary of Product Characteristics." In regulatory terminology, a "product" is the drug as an article of commerce, a commodity. The SmPC is a document for a medicinal product, which is a good offered for sale. Sense 1 explicitly says "commodities offered for sale" and gives examples like "that store offers a variety of products." A medicinal product is indeed a product offered for sale (marketed drug). Sense 2 is "an artifact created by someone" but it's more about production output; sense 1 is specifically for merchandise. The context: "Alimta is not recommended ... For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics..." This is clearly referring to the drug as a commercial product. Therefore, sense 1 seems the best.

Check: The definition of sense 1: commodities offered for sale. Synonyms: merchandise, ware. Example: good business depends on having good merchandise; that store offers a variety of products. This fits perfectly with a pharmaceutical product that is marketed and sold. Sense 2 is "an artifact that has been created," but that is more about the result of a production process; while a drug is produced, the emphasis in "Summary of Product Characteristics" is on the product as a marketed item. In WordNet, sense 1 is the primary economic sense, and for a drug, it's typically that. So I'll select sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also <t>part</t> of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The target lemma is "part", surface form "part", context: "For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also <t>part</t> of the EPAR)." The candidate senses are given with definitions, synonyms, and examples. We need to pick the sense_index that matches the usage.

Context: "Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR)". EPAR stands for European Public Assessment Report, a document. The phrase "part of the EPAR" means the Summary of Product Characteristics is a section or component of the EPAR. So "part" here refers to something that is included in a whole, a constituent.

Let's examine candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" synonyms: portion, component part, component, constituent. Examples: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself", "I read a portion of the manuscript". This fits well: the Summary is a component part of the EPAR.

2. sense 2: "something less than the whole of a human artifact" synonyms: portion. Examples: "the rear part of the house", "glue the two parts together". This refers to physical parts of an artifact. EPAR is a document, which could be considered a human artifact, but it's more abstract. However, sense 1 seems more general.

3. sense 3: "a portion of a natural object" examples: river parts, piece of granite. Not natural object.

4. sense 4: "that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation" examples: "on our part", "on his part". Not relevant.

5. sense 5: "the extended spatial location of something" synonyms: region. Not relevant.

6. sense 6: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" synonyms: function, office, role. Not relevant.

7. sense 7: actor's role. Not relevant.

8. sense 8: share or percentage of assets. Not relevant.

9. sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" synonyms: section, division. Examples: "the written part of the exam", "the finance section of the company". This is about divisions of something abstract. The Summary is a section of the EPAR. This sense is also a strong candidate.

10. sense 10: hair parting. No.

11. sense 11: music voice. No.

12. sense 12: contribution or share in a result. Not this context.

Now, distinguishing between sense 1 and sense 9. Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" with synonyms component part, component, constituent. Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" with synonyms section, division. Both could fit. In the context, "Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR)", it suggests that the Summary is a part (component) of the EPAR. The EPAR is a document consisting of sections. In WordNet, sense 1 is very broad: "something determined in relation to something that includes it". That is almost a superordinate of sense 9. But sense 9 specifically refers to portions into which something is divided, like sections. The example "the written part of the exam" or "the finance section of the company" aligns well. Sense 1's examples: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" – that's a more abstract belonging, not a division. "I read a portion of the manuscript" – that could be a section, but it's labeled as polysemy. Which is more precise? Since the EPAR is a document, and the Summary is a section, sense 9 might be more specific. However, sense 1 also includes "component part" as synonyms. Note that the target is "part of the EPAR". The document is not divided into natural parts like an artifact, but rather sections. I'd lean towards sense 9 because it emphasizes a division of a whole into portions. But sense 1 is also plausible.

Let's check WordNet structure: part%1:24:00:: is the first sense, very general. part%1:09:00:: is a bit more specific. The context: "also part of the EPAR" means included as a portion. I think sense 1 is the most straightforward because "part of" is often that sense. However, the given senses are indexed, and we must choose one. Sense 1 definition: "something determined in relation to something that includes it." That perfectly describes a subset of a whole. Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole." The Summary is indeed a section of the EPAR, so it's a portion. The distinction may be that sense 9 implies a division into parts that are considered separate, while sense 1 is about inclusion. "Also part of the EPAR" simply indicates membership. I'd check the examples: sense 1 has "I read a portion of the manuscript", which is similar to reading a part of a document. So sense 1 is fitting. I'll go with sense 1.

But the instruction says: "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." In the context, the parenthetical "(also part of the EPAR)" is giving additional information that the Summary is a component. I think sense 1 is the best. Many WSD tasks would map this to the sense "portion, component part". I'll choose sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: active
Target surface form: active
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The <t>active</t> substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=active%3:00:02:: | definition=tending to become more severe or wider in scope | examples=active tuberculosis
2. sense_key=active%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=engaged in or ready for military or naval operations | synonyms=combat-ready, fighting | examples=on active duty; the platoon is combat-ready
3. sense_key=active%3:00:03:: | definition=disposed to take action or effectuate change | examples=a director who takes an active interest in corporate operations; an active antagonism
4. sense_key=active%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=taking part in an activity | synonyms=participating | examples=an active member of the club; he was politically active
5. sense_key=active%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by energetic activity | examples=an active toddler; active as a gazelle
6. sense_key=active%3:00:07:: | definition=exerting influence or producing a change or effect | examples=an active ingredient
7. sense_key=active%3:00:06:: | definition=full of activity or engaged in continuous activity | examples=an active seaport; an active bond market
8. sense_key=active%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=alive | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
9. sense_key=active%3:00:10:: | definition=(of the sun) characterized by an increased occurrence of sunspots and flares and radio emissions
10. sense_key=active%3:00:09:: | definition=expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor: | examples=Hemingway favors active constructions
11. sense_key=active%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of verbs (e.g. `to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. `running' in `running water')) expressing action rather than a state of being | synonyms=dynamic
12. sense_key=active%3:00:05:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) capable of erupting
13. sense_key=active%3:00:04:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) erupting or liable to erupt | examples=active volcanos
14. sense_key=active%3:00:08:: | definition=engaged in full-time work | examples=active duty; though past retirement age he is still active in his profession

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "The <t>active</t> substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine... In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes..." The target word is "active". The context is about a pharmaceutical substance. The first occurrence: "The active substance in Alimta" refers to the ingredient that has a biological effect. The second: "converted into an active form" also refers to the biologically effective form. Among the candidate senses, sense 6: "exerting influence or producing a change or effect | examples=an active ingredient" fits perfectly. "Active ingredient" is a direct match to "active substance". So sense_index 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: substance
Target surface form: substance
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active <t>substance</t> in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=substance%1:03:00:: | definition=the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists | examples=DNA is the substance of our genes
2. sense_key=substance%1:09:01:: | definition=the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience | synonyms=kernel, core, center, centre, essence, gist | examples=the gist of the prosecutor's argument; the heart and soul of the Republican Party
3. sense_key=substance%1:09:00:: | definition=the idea that is intended | synonyms=meaning | examples=What is the meaning of this proverb?
4. sense_key=substance%1:27:00:: | definition=material of a particular kind or constitution | examples=the immune response recognizes invading substances
5. sense_key=substance%1:21:00:: | definition=considerable capital (wealth or income) | synonyms=means | examples=he is a man of means
6. sense_key=substance%1:10:00:: | definition=what a communication that is about something is about | synonyms=message, content, subject matter
7. sense_key=substance%1:03:01:: | definition=a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties | examples=shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target word "substance" in a medical context. The sentence: "The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine..." Here, "substance" refers to the active ingredient in a drug. It is a physical material of a particular kind. Let's look at the candidate senses. Sense 1: "the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists" with example "DNA is the substance of our genes." This fits: pemetrexed is the physical matter. Sense 4: "material of a particular kind or constitution" with example "the immune response recognizes invading substances." This also fits. Sense 7: "a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties" with example "shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man." This also seems plausible. Let's compare. Sense 1 emphasizes the fundamental physical matter that something is made of. Sense 4 is more general: material of a particular kind. Sense 7 specifies a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties, often used for chemical or biological substances. In pharmacology, "active substance" refers to the specific chemical compound that has a therapeutic effect. It is a specific kind of matter. Sense 7's example explicitly mentions a toxic substance (shigella), which is a specific chemical/biological agent. Sense 4's example is about immune response recognizing invading substances, which could also apply to drugs. But sense 7's definition "a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties" is very precise for a chemical compound like pemetrexed. The context: "The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine..." This is clearly a specific chemical substance. The example for sense 7: "shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man" matches the idea of a specific harmful or therapeutic substance. Sense 4 is also plausible, but sense 7 is more technical and precise for a drug context. However, note that sense 1 is "the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists", which could also work because Alimta consists of pemetrexed as its active physical matter. But which is the best? Let's see typical usage in medicine: "active substance" is a standard term for the active ingredient. I'd lean towards sense 7 because it specifically says "a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties", which matches a defined chemical compound. Sense 4 is broader. Sense 1 is more philosophical. I'll choose sense 7. But let's double-check: Example in sense 4 is "the immune response recognizes invading substances" - that's similar but could be any material. The context emphasizes that pemetrexed is the active substance, i.e., a specific chemical. So sense 7 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic <t>medicine</t> (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "medicine" in the given context. The sentence is: "The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites." So "medicine" here refers to a substance used to treat disease, specifically a cytotoxic drug. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. medical specialty (nonsurgical branches) - not a substance.
2. something that treats or prevents or alleviates symptoms (medication, medicament, medicinal drug) - this fits perfectly: a cytotoxic medicine is a drug.
3. the profession of medicine - not applicable.
4. punishment (idiom: take your medicine) - not applicable.

Thus, sense 2 is correct. Return JSON with sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a <t>medicine</t> that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "medicine" and surface form "medicine" in a context. The context is: "...pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a <t>medicine</t> that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells)...". So the word in angle brackets is "medicine". It's defined as a cytotoxic medicine that kills cells. So it's a substance used to treat disease. The candidate senses:
1. branches of medical science (nonsurgical) - medical specialty
2. something that treats or prevents or alleviates symptoms - medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. learned profession - practice of medicine
4. punishment for one's actions - music (take your medicine)

Clearly, in this context, "medicine" refers to a drug, specifically a cytotoxic drug. Sense 2 fits perfectly: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" with synonyms medication, medicament, medicinal drug. So index 2.

JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Baidu