[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: begin
Target surface form: began
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He <t>began</t> to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=begin%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, get, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=begin%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=start | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
3. sense_key=begin%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=lead off, start, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
4. sense_key=begin%2:32:03:: | definition=begin to speak or say;  he began | examples=Now listen, friends,
5. sense_key=begin%2:42:02:: | definition=be the first item or point, constitute the beginning or start, come first in a series | examples=The number `one' begins the sequence; A terrible murder begins the novel
6. sense_key=begin%2:42:04:: | definition=have a beginning, of a temporal event | examples=WW II began in 1939 when Hitler marched into Poland; The company's Asia tour begins next month
7. sense_key=begin%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=start | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
8. sense_key=begin%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=start | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
9. sense_key=begin%2:41:00:: | definition=achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually used in the negative | examples=This economic measure doesn't even begin to deal with the problem of inflation; You cannot even begin to understand the problem we had to deal with during the war
10. sense_key=begin%2:32:04:: | definition=begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language | examples=She began Russian at an early age; We started French in fourth grade

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "began" in the context: "He <t>began</t> to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening ...". The target is the past tense of "begin". We need to choose the best indexed sense among the candidates.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense_key=begin%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, get, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
This sense is about initiating an action. In the sentence, "He began to wish..." is exactly that: he started the action of wishing. The structure "began to wish" fits the pattern of taking the first step in an action. The example "We began working at dawn" parallels "He began to wish". So this is a strong candidate.

2. sense_key=begin%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=start | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
This sense is intransitive: something (a subject) has a beginning. Here, the subject is "He", and he "began to wish". This is not "He had a beginning" but rather he performed an action. So this is not the sense.

3. sense_key=begin%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=lead off, start, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
This is transitive: someone sets something in motion. "He began to wish" is not a transitive structure with a direct object; it's a catenative verb with an infinitive. So not this one.

4. sense_key=begin%2:32:03:: | definition=begin to speak or say; he began | examples=Now listen, friends,
This is specifically for speaking. "He began, 'Now listen, friends,'" would be an example. "He began to wish" is not about beginning to speak, but about starting an emotion or thought. So no.

5. sense_key=begin%2:42:02:: | definition=be the first item or point, constitute the beginning or start, come first in a series | examples=The number 'one' begins the sequence; A terrible murder begins the novel
This is about ordering or being the first in a series. Not applicable.

6. sense_key=begin%2:42:04:: | definition=have a beginning, of a temporal event | examples=WW II began in 1939 when Hitler marched into Poland; The company's Asia tour begins next month
Again, intransitive, for events. "He began" is not an event having a beginning. No.

7. sense_key=begin%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=start | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
This is also intransitive, with a complement. Not applicable.

8. sense_key=begin%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=start | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
This is transitive, when the object implies an activity: "begin a cigar" means begin smoking it. "Begin to wish" does not have a direct object. No.

9. sense_key=begin%2:41:00:: | definition=achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually used in the negative | examples=This economic measure doesn't even begin to deal with the problem; You cannot even begin to understand the problem...
This is for negative contexts: "doesn't even begin to..." Here it's affirmative: "He began to wish". So not this one.

10. sense_key=begin%2:32:04:: | definition=begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language | examples=She began Russian at an early age; We started French in fourth grade
This is for learning a language. Not applicable.

Thus, the best fit is sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action." The example "We began working at dawn" mirrors the structure "He began to wish".

So the answer is sense_index 1.

Now, return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wish
Target surface form: wish
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to <t>wish</t> that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wish%2:37:00:: | definition=hope for; have a wish | examples=I wish I could go home now
2. sense_key=wish%2:37:02:: | definition=prefer or wish to do something | synonyms=care, like | examples=Do you care to try this dish?; Would you like to come along to the movies?
3. sense_key=wish%2:32:02:: | definition=make or express a wish | examples=I wish that Christmas were over
4. sense_key=wish%2:37:01:: | definition=feel or express a desire or hope concerning the future or fortune of | synonyms=wish well
5. sense_key=wish%2:32:01:: | definition=order politely; express a wish for
6. sense_key=wish%2:32:00:: | definition=invoke upon | synonyms=bid | examples=wish you a nice evening; bid farewell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "wish" in the given context. The context is a narrative passage. The sentence with the target: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." The target is the lemma "wish" used as a verb. We have six candidate senses from WordNet. Let's analyze the context.

The character, Haney, is feeling regretful. He is wishing that he hadn't shouted. This is a desire or hope for a past situation to be different. He is expressing a wish about the past. The phrase "began to wish that he hadn't..." indicates a hope or desire that something had not happened. This is an internal feeling of regret.

Now, let's examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=wish%2:37:00:: | definition=hope for; have a wish | examples=I wish I could go home now
   This sense is about hope for something, often something in the future or a hypothetical. The example uses "I wish I could go home now" which is a desire for a present change. In the context, he wishes he hadn't shouted, which is a hope about the past. This could fit, as it's a general "hope for" something.

2. sense_key=wish%2:37:02:: | definition=prefer or wish to do something | synonyms=care, like | examples=Do you care to try this dish?; Would you like to come along to the movies?
   This sense implies a willingness or preference, often used in offers or choices. The target is not expressing a preference; it's a regretful wish about a past action.

3. sense_key=wish%2:32:02:: | definition=make or express a wish | examples=I wish that Christmas were over
   This sense is about expressing a wish, often verbally. The example is "I wish that Christmas were over" which is similar in structure: "wish + that clause". In the context, he "began to wish that he hadn't shouted" – this could be an internal expression of a wish, or a verbal one? The context says "began to wish", not "said" out loud. But the definition says "make or express a wish", which could include internal mental expressions. The example is ambiguous: it could be an exclamation.

4. sense_key=wish%2:37:01:: | definition=feel or express a desire or hope concerning the future or fortune of | synonyms=wish well
   This is about hoping for someone's future well-being. Not applicable here.

5. sense_key=wish%2:32:01:: | definition=order politely; express a wish for
   This seems like "wish" as in requesting something politely, e.g., "I wish to speak to the manager". Not applicable.

6. sense_key=wish%2:32:00:: | definition=invoke upon | synonyms=bid | examples=wish you a nice evening; bid farewell
   This is about wishing someone something, like "wish you luck". Not applicable.

So the most plausible senses are 1 and 3. Sense 1 is "hope for; have a wish" with example "I wish I could go home now". Sense 3 is "make or express a wish" with example "I wish that Christmas were over". The key difference: sense 1 is more about the internal feeling of hope, while sense 3 is about the act of expressing the wish. In the context, "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted" – this is primarily an internal feeling of regret, a hope that the past were different. It is not explicitly expressed out loud. So "hope for; have a wish" captures that internal state better than "make or express a wish" which might imply an outward expression. However, the WordNet distinctions can be fine. The example for sense 3, "I wish that Christmas were over", could also be an internal thought. But the gloss emphasizes "make or express". In many WSD tasks, the sense with a "that" clause is often sense 3 (32:02), while sense 1 is more general. Let's check the synset numbers: 37 is verb.stative? Actually, WordNet verb senses are grouped by frames. Sense 1 is in frame 37? We don't need to analyze that.

Contextually, "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted" is a counterfactual wish about the past. This is a typical use of "wish" as a verb of emotion or attitude. I'd lean toward sense 1 "hope for; have a wish" because it's about the internal mental state of hoping or wishing, not the act of expressing.

But we must be precise. Let's see the examples:

Sense 1: "I wish I could go home now" – uses "wish" with a modal past/present.
Sense 3: "I wish that Christmas were over" – uses "wish that" with a subjunctive.

Our sentence: "wish that he hadn't shouted" – "wish that" past perfect subjunctive. So structurally similar to sense 3's example.

In WordNet, I recall that sense 3 (wish%2:32:02) is often used for "wish" with a that-clause expressing a desire for something that is not true. Sense 1 is more general. The gloss "make or express a wish" might be interpreted as the locutionary act, but the example is a sentence that could be uttered or thought. Still, the gloss says "make or express", which suggests an utterance. In the context, he "began to wish" internally, not out loud. So sense 1 "hope for; have a wish" is more about the mental state, which fits better with "began to wish" as an internal process.

But many WSD annotations might use sense 3 for this usage. Let's think about the frame: The phrase "wish that" is a common pattern for expressing a desire for an unreal situation. WordNet generally has sense 3 for that. Sense 1 might be used without a that-clause (like "wish for something"). Actually, sense 1 examples: "I wish I could go home now" – also a that-clause without "that". So both can take clauses.

The key distinguishing factor: sense 3 emphasizes the expression, while sense 1 emphasizes the hope. The context shows no indication of verbal expression. He "became aware" and "looked up" silently, then "felt like shrinking" and "began to wish" – these are all internal reactions. So it's internal hoping.

I'd choose sense 1.

But let's double-check: The definition of sense 1: "hope for; have a wish". That's exactly what he does: he has a wish that he hadn't shouted. Sense 3: "make or express a wish" – he is not making or expressing it to anyone; it's just within his mind.

Thus, sense 1 is better.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shout
Target surface form: shouted
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't <t>shouted</t> that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shout%2:32:00:: | definition=utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking) | examples=My grandmother is hard of hearing--you'll have to shout
2. sense_key=shout%2:32:01:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout out, cry, call, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
3. sense_key=shout%2:32:08:: | definition=utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy | synonyms=exclaim, cry, cry out, outcry, call out | examples=`I won!' he exclaimed; `Help!' she cried
4. sense_key=shout%2:32:12:: | definition=use foul or abusive language towards | synonyms=abuse, clapperclaw, blackguard | examples=The actress abused the policeman who gave her a parking ticket; The angry mother shouted at the teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the target word "shout" in the context sentence: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." The target is "shouted" (past tense of shout).

Let's examine each candidate sense:

- Sense 1: "utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking)" examples: "My grandmother is hard of hearing--you'll have to shout" This is about speaking loudly, typically to be heard.

- Sense 2: "utter a sudden loud cry" synonyms: shout out, cry, call, yell, scream, holler. examples: "she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me" This is about a sudden, often emotional loud cry.

- Sense 3: "utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy" synonyms: exclaim, cry, cry out, outcry, call out. examples: "I won! he exclaimed; Help! she cried" This is about exclaiming something specific, often with strong emotion.

- Sense 4: "use foul or abusive language towards" synonyms: abuse, clapperclaw, blackguard. examples: "The actress abused the policeman who gave her a parking ticket; The angry mother shouted at the teacher" This is about verbal abuse, shouting insults.

Context: The character is recalling an incident where a truck bore down through a crossing. He shouted. The context doesn't specify if he shouted words or just made a loud cry. "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." It implies that his shouting was perhaps a reflexive reaction to danger (the truck approaching). It could be a warning, a cry of fear, or yelling. There's no indication of abusive language (Sense 4). It probably wasn't just speaking loudly to be heard (Sense 1). It's likely a sudden loud cry (Sense 2) or an exclamation (Sense 3). The difference between Sense 2 and Sense 3: Sense 2 is a sudden loud cry (could be wordless or with words, often in pain, fear, or to get attention). Sense 3 is specifically uttering aloud with surprise, horror, or joy, typically with actual words (like "Help!" or "I won!"). The examples for Sense 3 all involve exclaiming specific phrases. Sense 2 examples include "cried with pain" and "yelled to her from the window" which might involve words but are not necessarily articulate sentences. The truck bearing down would likely elicit a sudden cry of fear or a yell, which could be an exclamation like "Look out!" but the sentence doesn't specify any words. Typically, in such a situation, one might shout in alarm. The most appropriate sense is likely Sense 2: utter a sudden loud cry. It's broader and fits a reflexive shout in a dangerous situation. Sense 3 often involves uttering something specific, but the text just says "shouted" without specifying a quoted phrase. So I'll go with Sense 2.

Thus, the choice is sense_index: 2.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that <t>other</t> evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "other" in the given context. The target surface form is "other" and the lemma is "other". We have four candidate senses.

Context: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that <t>other</t> evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." Here, "other" modifies "evening". The phrase "that other evening" indicates a specific evening in the past, contrasting with the current time. The context suggests a recollection of an evening that was distinct from the present moment, and it's a past evening.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" – example: "today isn't any other day"; "the construction of highways and other public works". This sense is generic, meaning "different". But "that other evening" doesn't necessarily refer to a different evening in contrast to a mentioned one; it might be idiomatic.
2. "recently past" – example: "the other evening". This matches exactly: "the other evening" is a common phrase meaning a recent evening in the past. The example literally matches the context phrase.
3. "belonging to the distant past" – synonyms: early, former. Example: "the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations." This is for distant past, not recent. The phrase "that other evening" would not typically mean distant past; it implies recent past.
4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" – example: "a strange, other dimension..." This sense means strange or otherworldly. Not applicable here.

In the sentence, "that other evening" is clearly using "other" in the temporal sense, meaning a specific evening in the past, likely recent past. The phrase is standard: "the other evening" typically means a few evenings ago. Sense 2 fits perfectly, and its example "the other evening" matches word-for-word.

Thus, the best indexed sense is number 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other <t>evening</t> when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other <t>evening</t> when the truck bore down through the crossing." The target is "evening" in a context where it refers to a specific time when something happened. The phrase "that other evening" suggests a particular evening in the past. It's about a time when he shouted at a truck. This is a specific part of a day, likely the period from late afternoon to night. So sense 1: "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is metaphorical: "a later concluding time period" like "the evening of the Roman Empire". Not applicable here. Sense 3 is "the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way" with example "an evening at the opera". That could also work, but the context doesn't emphasize a special activity; it's just a time reference. Sense 1 is the most straightforward. It says "the latter part of the day" and synonyms include "eve, even, eventide". The example: "he enjoyed the evening light across the lake" is about the time of day. So sense index 1 is best.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: truck
Target surface form: truck
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the <t>truck</t> bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truck%1:06:00:: | definition=an automotive vehicle suitable for hauling | synonyms=motortruck
2. sense_key=truck%1:06:01:: | definition=a handcart that has a frame with two low wheels and a ledge at the bottom and handles at the top; used to move crates or other heavy objects | synonyms=hand truck

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: truck, target surface form: truck. Context: a story excerpt. We need to choose the best indexed sense from the two provided.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truck%1:06:00:: | definition=an automotive vehicle suitable for hauling | synonyms=motortruck
2. sense_key=truck%1:06:01:: | definition=a handcart that has a frame with two low wheels and a ledge at the bottom and handles at the top; used to move crates or other heavy objects | synonyms=hand truck

We must choose based on context: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." The phrase "truck bore down through the crossing" suggests a large vehicle moving through a crossing (like a railroad crossing or intersection). "Bore down" implies moving forcefully or rapidly. A hand truck (handcart) is small and typically manual, not something that would "bore down through a crossing" in a threatening way. The context earlier: "Haney felt like shrinking out of sight... he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." It seems like an incident where a truck almost hit someone or came dangerously. That fits an automotive vehicle (motor truck) much better than a handcart.

Thus sense_index 1 (the first listed) is correct. So we output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bear_down
Target surface form: bore down
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck <t>bore down</t> through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bear_down%2:35:00:: | definition=exert a force with a heavy weight | synonyms=drag down, bear down on, press down on, weigh down | examples=The snow bore down on the roof
2. sense_key=bear_down%2:35:01:: | definition=contract the abdominal muscles during childbirth to ease delivery | synonyms=overbear
3. sense_key=bear_down%2:33:03:: | definition=to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle | synonyms=charge | examples=he saw Jess charging at him with a pitchfork
4. sense_key=bear_down%2:33:00:: | definition=exert full strength | examples=The pitcher bore down
5. sense_key=bear_down%2:32:12:: | definition=pay special attention to | examples=The lectures bore down on the political background
6. sense_key=bear_down%2:32:01:: | definition=exert a force or cause a strain upon | examples=This tax bears down on the lower middle class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." The target lemma is "bear_down" and the surface form is "bore down" (past tense). We need to choose the best sense from the six candidates.

Let's analyze the context: "when the truck bore down through the crossing." This suggests a truck moving with force or rushing through a crossing. The phrase "bore down" here likely means the truck moved rapidly or forcefully, possibly in a threatening manner. Haney had shouted at the truck, indicating perhaps the truck was bearing down on something (like a pedestrian or another vehicle) and he shouted in alarm or anger.

Now examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=bear_down%2:35:00:: | definition=exert a force with a heavy weight | synonyms=drag down, bear down on, press down on, weigh down | examples=The snow bore down on the roof
   This sense is about exerting downward pressure, like a heavy weight pressing down. Not about movement through a crossing.

2. sense_key=bear_down%2:35:01:: | definition=contract the abdominal muscles during childbirth to ease delivery | synonyms=overbear
   Clearly not.

3. sense_key=bear_down%2:33:03:: | definition=to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle | synonyms=charge | examples=he saw Jess charging at him with a pitchfork
   This sense is about rushing at or attacking. "Truck bore down through the crossing" could mean the truck rushed through the crossing, maybe aggressively. The example uses "charging at him", so it implies a rapid, forceful movement toward something. This fits.

4. sense_key=bear_down%2:33:00:: | definition=exert full strength | examples=The pitcher bore down
   This is about putting in maximum effort, like a pitcher bearing down in a game. Not typically used for a vehicle moving through a crossing.

5. sense_key=bear_down%2:32:12:: | definition=pay special attention to | examples=The lectures bore down on the political background
   Not applicable.

6. sense_key=bear_down%2:32:01:: | definition=exert a force or cause a strain upon | examples=This tax bears down on the lower middle class
   About causing strain or pressure metaphorically, not physical movement.

The most fitting sense is 3: to make a rush at or sudden attack upon. "Bore down through the crossing" suggests the truck rushed through, maybe bearing down on someone or something, which prompted Haney to shout. So I'll choose sense 3.

Response: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crossing
Target surface form: crossing
Context:
Toward the end of his fourth hairy highball, while he was moodily making wet rings on the table-top with the bottom of the glass, he became aware that he was not alone. He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the <t>crossing</t>. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crossing%1:04:01:: | definition=traveling across
2. sense_key=crossing%1:17:00:: | definition=a shallow area in a stream that can be forded | synonyms=ford
3. sense_key=crossing%1:15:00:: | definition=a point where two lines (paths or arcs etc.) intersect
4. sense_key=crossing%1:06:01:: | definition=a junction where one street or road crosses another | synonyms=intersection, crossroad, crossway, carrefour
5. sense_key=crossing%1:06:00:: | definition=a path (often marked) where something (as a street or railroad) can be crossed to get from one side to the other | synonyms=crosswalk, crossover
6. sense_key=crossing%1:04:02:: | definition=(genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids | synonyms=hybridization, hybridisation, crossbreeding, cross, interbreeding, hybridizing
7. sense_key=crossing%1:04:00:: | definition=a voyage across a body of water (usually across the Atlantic Ocean)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "crossing" with context: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing." We need to choose the best sense from the list.

Analyze context: "when the truck bore down through the crossing." This suggests a physical location where a truck is moving through a crossing, likely a road or street crossing. The crossing is something a truck drives through. Among the senses:

1. traveling across (gerund sense) - not a physical place.
2. shallow area in a stream (ford) - unlikely for a truck.
3. point where two lines intersect - can be roads, paths, arcs. This is a point of intersection. Could fit.
4. junction where one street or road crosses another (intersection, crossroad, etc.) - very specific to streets. This is a good fit: a truck drives through a crossing (intersection).
5. a path marked for crossing (crosswalk, crossover) - typically for pedestrians, not trucks.
6. genetics - irrelevant.
7. voyage across water - not relevant.

Between 3 and 4: Sense 3 is more general: "a point where two lines (paths or arcs etc.) intersect." Sense 4 specifically is "a junction where one street or road crosses another." The context mentions a truck, so a street/road crossing is most appropriate. Sense 4 explicitly includes synonyms like intersection, crossroad, which perfectly match a truck driving through. Sense 3 could be any intersection, but sense 4 is more specific to roads.

Thus, the best sense is 4.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: saddle
Target surface form: saddled
Context:
He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be <t>saddled</t> from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=saddle%2:35:01:: | definition=put a saddle on | examples=saddle the horses
2. sense_key=saddle%2:35:10:: | definition=load or burden; encumber | examples=he saddled me with that heavy responsibility
3. sense_key=saddle%2:32:00:: | definition=impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to | synonyms=charge, burden | examples=He charged her with cleaning up all the files over the weekend

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence with the target word "saddled". The context: "He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again."

The target word "saddled" is used in the passive: "be saddled with a creep". This idiom means to be burdened with someone or something undesirable. The candidate senses:

1. put a saddle on (literal, as on a horse)
2. load or burden; encumber (figurative, to saddle someone with a burden)
3. impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to (synonyms: charge, burden)

Sense 2 and 3 are similar, but sense 2 specifically says "load or burden; encumber" with the example "he saddled me with that heavy responsibility". Sense 3 is "impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to" with synonyms "charge, burden".

In context, "saddled with a creep for a bar-buddy" means burdened with an unwanted companion. It's not about assigning a task; it's about being encumbered with an annoying person. Sense 2 is "load or burden; encumber", which fits perfectly. Sense 3 is more about assigning a duty or task. While "burden" is a synonym, the focus is on imposing a task. The phrase "saddled with" is commonly used for burdens, not necessarily tasks. Sense 2's definition includes "encumber", which matches better.

Therefore, sense_index 2 is the best.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: creep
Target surface form: creep
Context:
He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a <t>creep</t> for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=creep%1:18:00:: | definition=someone unpleasantly strange or eccentric | synonyms=weirdo, weirdie, weirdy, spook
2. sense_key=creep%1:11:00:: | definition=a slow longitudinal movement or deformation
3. sense_key=creep%1:06:00:: | definition=a pen that is fenced so that young animals can enter but adults cannot
4. sense_key=creep%1:04:00:: | definition=a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body | synonyms=crawl, crawling, creeping | examples=a crawl was all that the injured man could manage; the traffic moved at a creep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "creep" in the given context. The target surface form is "creep" and the target lemma is "creep". The context is:

"He looked up with bloodshot eyes and beheld the stranger sitting across the table, smiling a secret smile at him, as if they were fellow conspirators. He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a <t>creep</t> for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again."

We have four candidate senses:

1. sense_key=creep%1:18:00:: | definition=someone unpleasantly strange or eccentric | synonyms=weirdo, weirdie, weirdy, spook
2. sense_key=creep%1:11:00:: | definition=a slow longitudinal movement or deformation
3. sense_key=creep%1:06:00:: | definition=a pen that is fenced so that young animals can enter but adults cannot
4. sense_key=creep%1:04:00:: | definition=a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body | synonyms=crawl, crawling, creeping | examples=a crawl was all that the injured man could manage; the traffic moved at a creep

The word "creep" is used in the phrase "a <t>creep</t> for a bar - buddy". Clearly, it refers to a person, specifically a person who is uncanny, strange, and undesirable as a bar-buddy. The context describes the man as "uncanny, like a shadow", "wiry, dark little man", and says "He hadn't even noticed him sit down." He is described as a stranger smiling a secret smile. Haney feels trapped and wishes he hadn't shouted previously, fearing he'll be "saddled" with this person as a companion. This fits the sense of a "creep" as a weird or eccentric person. Sense 1: "someone unpleasantly strange or eccentric" with synonyms weirdo, weirdie, spook. That matches perfectly. The other senses are about physical movement (slow deformation, crawling) or a pen for animals, none of which fit the context of a person in a bar.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

The instruction says: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {'sense_index': 3}." So we output {"sense_index": 1}.

But we must ensure we use the index as given: senses are numbered 1,2,3,4. So index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: start
Context:
He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to <t>start</t> going to some of the other places again. In a low voice, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context: "He'd have to start going to some of the other places again." The target lemma is "start". The sentence indicates that he will begin going to other places. The sense we need is about beginning an action. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
   This seems to fit: "start going" is like "begin going". It's an intransitive use (or with a gerund?). Actually, "start going" is a common pattern: start + verb-ing. Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" with examples like "We began working at dawn". That fits perfectly.

2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war... | This is transitive, causing something to start. Here, "start going"

native_finish_reason: error

message: Upstream idle timeout exceeded

error_type: timeout


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: start
Context:
He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to <t>start</t> going to some of the other places again. In a low voice, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 14. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: He'd have to start going to some of the other places again.

The target word "start" here is used with "going to some of the other places again". He is forced to begin going to other places. So it's about beginning an action, specifically starting to go somewhere else regularly. The context is about avoiding the creepy guy at the bar, so he'll have to start going to other bars.

Which sense matches? "start" + gerund "going" – it's about beginning to do something. Sense 1: take the first step in carrying out an action, examples: "We began working at dawn" etc. That seems perfect. Sense 9: begin or set in motion, example "I start at eight in the morning" which is more about starting an action in general. But sense 1 is more specific to "take the first step". The sentence is "he'd have to start going to some of the other places again" – meaning he'll have to begin the practice of going to other places. Sense 1 fits well. Sense 3 is about leaving, but it's not "start going" as in "set off", it's "start going" as in begin going regularly. So sense 3 is more like "The family took off for Florida", but here it's not about departing, it's about initiating a new habit. So sense 1 is best. Sense 4 is about having a beginning, like an event beginning, not about a person starting to do something. So I'll go with 1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: go
Target surface form: going
Context:
He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start <t>going</t> to some of the other places again. In a low voice, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=go%2:38:00:: | definition=change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically | synonyms=travel, move, locomote | examples=How fast does your new car go?; We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus
2. sense_key=go%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=proceed, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
3. sense_key=go%2:38:01:: | definition=move away from a place into another direction | synonyms=go away, depart | examples=Go away before I start to cry; The train departs at noon
4. sense_key=go%2:30:04:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
5. sense_key=go%2:42:06:: | definition=be awarded; be allotted | examples=The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes
6. sense_key=go%2:42:02:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=run | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
7. sense_key=go%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
8. sense_key=go%2:30:01:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=proceed | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
9. sense_key=go%2:30:08:: | definition=be abolished or discarded | examples=These ugly billboards have to go!; These luxuries all had to go under the Khmer Rouge
10. sense_key=go%2:42:07:: | definition=be or continue to be in a certain condition | examples=The children went hungry that day
11. sense_key=go%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
12. sense_key=go%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
13. sense_key=go%2:34:00:: | definition=to be spent or finished | synonyms=run low, run short | examples=The money had gone after a few days; Gas is running low at the gas stations in the Midwest
14. sense_key=go%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, run | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
15. sense_key=go%2:42:14:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live, live on, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
16. sense_key=go%2:42:03:: | definition=pass, fare, or elapse; of a certain state of affairs or action | examples=How is it going?; The day went well until I got your call
17. sense_key=go%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=die, decease, perish, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
18. sense_key=go%2:42:04:: | definition=be in the right place or situation | synonyms=belong | examples=Where do these books belong?; Let's put health care where it belongs--under the control of the government
19. sense_key=go%2:42:10:: | definition=be ranked or compare | examples=This violinist is as good as Juilliard-trained violinists go
20. sense_key=go%2:38:09:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=start, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
21. sense_key=go%2:33:00:: | definition=have a turn; make one's move in a game | synonyms=move | examples=Can I go now?
22. sense_key=go%2:42:13:: | definition=be contained in | examples=How many times does 18 go into 54?
23. sense_key=go%2:42:12:: | definition=be sounded, played, or expressed | examples=How does this song go again?
24. sense_key=go%2:42:11:: | definition=blend or harmonize | synonyms=blend, blend in | examples=This flavor will blend with those in your dish; This sofa won't go with the chairs
25. sense_key=go%2:42:08:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=lead | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
26. sense_key=go%2:42:05:: | definition=be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired | synonyms=fit | examples=This piece won't fit into the puzzle
27. sense_key=go%2:35:13:: | definition=go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way | synonyms=rifle | examples=Who rifled through my desk drawers?
28. sense_key=go%2:34:09:: | definition=be spent | examples=All my money went for food and rent
29. sense_key=go%2:31:12:: | definition=give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number | synonyms=plump | examples=I plumped for the losing candidates
30. sense_key=go%2:30:03:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "going" in the sentence: "He'd have to start going to some of the other places again."

The context: The character feels trapped by a creepy man who has become his bar-buddy, and he thinks about avoiding him by going to other places. The phrase is "start going to some of the other places again." Here, "going" means traveling/moving to other locations, specifically other bars or places. So it's about physically moving to a different location.

Let's review candidate senses:

1. change location; move, travel, or proceed (synonyms: travel, move, locomote) — this fits: "going to some of the other places" means traveling to those places.

2. follow a procedure or take a course (synonyms: proceed, move) — example: "We should go farther in this matter." This doesn't fit; it's not about a procedure.

3. move away from a place into another direction (synonyms: go away, depart) — example: "Go away before I start to cry." This is about leaving, not specifically going to another place. The sentence says "going to some of the other places," so it's more about traveling to a destination, not just departing.

4. enter or assume a certain state or condition (synonyms: become, get) — not relevant.

5. be awarded; be allotted — not.

6. have a particular form — not.

7. stretch out over a distance, time, etc. — not.

8. follow a certain course (proceed) — like "how did your interview go?" — not about physical travel.

9. be abolished — not.

10. be or continue in a condition — not.

11. make a noise — not.

12. perform as expected (function) — not.

13. be spent or finished — not.

14. progress by being changed — not.

15. survive — not.

16. pass, fare, or elapse — not.

17. die — not.

18. belong — not.

19. be ranked — not.

20. begin or set in motion — not.

21. have a turn in a game — not.

22. be contained in — not.

23. be sounded — not.

24. blend — not.

25. lead, extend, afford access (like a door goes to the basement) — not; it's not the place that goes, it's a person going.

26. be the right size/fit — not.

27. search through — not.

28. be spent — not.

29. give support — not.

30. stop operating — not.

... The list continues but the top candidate is sense 1.

Compare sense 1 and sense 3. Sense 3 is "move away from a place into another direction" (go away, depart). The phrase is "going to some of the other places," which implies movement to a destination, not just away. Sense 1 is broader: "change location; move, travel, or proceed" with example "How fast does your new car go?" but also "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus." That fits perfectly: going to places = traveling to them.

Thus, sense_index is 1.

Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the <t>other</t> places again. In a low voice, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "other" with context. The specific occurrence is "the <t>other</t> places again". The context: He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the <t>other</t> places again.

Looking at the senses:

1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" – This is a general sense, e.g., "other places" meaning different places from the current one. In context, he is at a bar? He's with a "creep for a bar-buddy" and he'd have to start going to some of the other places again. So "other places" likely means different bars, not the same one he's currently in. That fits sense 1.

2. "recently past" – "the other evening" is an example given, and the context also has "that other evening". But the target occurrence is in "some of the <t>other</t> places", not "other evening". So sense 2 is for "other" when used in "the other evening", which is a specific phrase. Here it's "other places", not referring to time. So sense 2 is not right.

3. "belonging to the distant past" – synonyms: early, former. Example: "the early inhabitants". Not relevant.

4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" – like "a strange, other dimension". That is not the sense here. "Other places" just means different places, not strange places.

Thus, sense 1 is the best. The "other evening" in the prior sentence is a red herring; the target is "other places". So sense_index: 1.

The answer must be JSON like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: place
Target surface form: places
Context:
He hadn't even noticed -- what was his name? Pete? -- he hadn't seen him sit down. The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other <t>places</t> again. In a low voice, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=place%1:15:00:: | definition=a point located with respect to surface features of some region | synonyms=topographic point, spot | examples=this is a nice place for a picnic; a bright spot on a planet
2. sense_key=place%1:15:04:: | definition=any area set aside for a particular purpose | synonyms=property | examples=who owns this place?; the president was concerned about the property across from the White House
3. sense_key=place%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract mental location | examples=he has a special place in my thoughts; a place in my heart
4. sense_key=place%1:15:01:: | definition=a general vicinity | examples=He comes from a place near Chicago
5. sense_key=place%1:04:01:: | definition=the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another | synonyms=stead, position, lieu | examples=can you go in my stead?; took his place
6. sense_key=place%1:26:01:: | definition=a particular situation | synonyms=shoes | examples=If you were in my place what would you do?
7. sense_key=place%1:15:06:: | definition=where you live at a particular time | synonyms=home | examples=deliver the package to my home; he doesn't have a home to go to
8. sense_key=place%1:04:00:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, spot, billet | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
9. sense_key=place%1:15:05:: | definition=the particular portion of space occupied by something | synonyms=position | examples=he put the lamp back in its place
10. sense_key=place%1:26:00:: | definition=proper or designated social situation | synonyms=station | examples=he overstepped his place; the responsibilities of a man in his station
11. sense_key=place%1:15:03:: | definition=a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane) | synonyms=seat | examples=he booked their seats in advance; he sat in someone else's place
12. sense_key=place%1:10:00:: | definition=the passage that is being read | examples=he lost his place on the page
13. sense_key=place%1:26:02:: | definition=proper or appropriate position or location | examples=a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen
14. sense_key=place%1:15:02:: | definition=a public square with room for pedestrians | synonyms=plaza, piazza | examples=they met at Elm Plaza; Grosvenor Place
15. sense_key=place%1:10:02:: | definition=an item on a list or in a sequence | synonyms=position | examples=in the second place; moved from third to fifth position
16. sense_key=place%1:10:01:: | definition=a blank area | synonyms=space, blank space | examples=write your name in the space provided

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "places" in the given context. The context: "He'd have to start going to some of the other places again." The speaker is thinking about avoiding a particular bar buddy by going to other places. So "places" here refers to locations, likely bars or similar venues.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. topographic point: a point with surface features. Not exactly. "Places" here means venues, not a specific point.
2. any area set aside for a particular purpose; synonyms: property. "who owns this place?" – could be, but "places" might mean bars/restaurants, which are properties set aside for drinking. Fits.
3. abstract mental location: not this.
4. general vicinity: "He comes from a place near Chicago" – that's a region, but here "other places" means specific establishments.
5. post or function: no.
6. particular situation: "If you were in my place" – no.
7. where you live at a particular time: "home" – no, not his home, but other bars.
8. job: no.
9. particular portion of space occupied by something: "he put the lamp back in its place" – no.
10. social situation: no.
11. space reserved for sitting: seat. No.
12. passage being read: no.
13. proper location: "a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen" – no.
14. public square: plaza. No.
15. item in a list: no.
16. blank area: no.

The best is sense 2: "any area set aside for a particular purpose" with synonym "property". In context, "other places" likely means other bars or establishments, which are properties set aside for a particular purpose (drinking). Thus, sense 2 fits well.

Sense 1 is possible but less specific. Sense 2 directly maps to "who owns this place?" which is similar to "going to some of the other places."

Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: low
Target surface form: low
Context:
The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again. In a <t>low</t> voice, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back. He made the mistake of answering in an offhand way, and instantly realized that his skepticism must have showed in his face or voice.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=low%3:00:02:: | definition=less than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=low prices; the reservoir is low
2. sense_key=low%3:00:01:: | definition=literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension | examples=low ceilings; low clouds
3. sense_key=low%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=very low in volume | synonyms=low-toned | examples=a low murmur; the low-toned murmur of the surf
4. sense_key=low%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=unrefined in character | examples=low comedy
5. sense_key=low%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency | synonyms=low-pitched
6. sense_key=low%5:00:00:contemptible:00 | definition=of the most contemptible kind | synonyms=abject, low-down, miserable, scummy, scurvy | examples=abject cowardice; a low stunt to pull
7. sense_key=low%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, lowly, modest, small | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
8. sense_key=low%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=no longer sufficient | synonyms=depleted | examples=supplies are low; our funds are depleted
9. sense_key=low%5:00:00:humble:00 | definition=subdued or brought low in condition or status | synonyms=broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated | examples=brought low; a broken man
10. sense_key=low%5:00:00:dejected:00 | definition=filled with melancholy and despondency | synonyms=gloomy, grim, blue, depressed, dispirited, down | examples=gloomy at the thought of what he had to face; gloomy predictions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "low" in the phrase "In a low voice, almost whispering". The context is about a man speaking in a low voice, almost whispering. So "low" here refers to volume, not pitch or elevation or other meanings. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. low%3:00:02:: "less than normal in degree or intensity or amount" – could apply, but "low voice" is specifically about volume, not general intensity.
2. low%3:00:01:: literal low elevation – not relevant.
3. low%5:00:00:soft:04 "very low in volume" synonyms: low-toned; examples: a low murmur; the low-toned murmur of the surf. This perfectly matches "low voice, almost whispering".
4. low%5:00:00:unrefined:01 "unrefined in character" – not relevant.
5. low%3:00:03:: "used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency" – this means low pitch, like deep voice, not volume. The context says "almost whispering", which implies low volume, not necessarily low pitch. So sense 5 is about pitch, sense 3 is about volume. Whispering involves low volume, not necessarily deep pitch. So sense 3 is better.
6. low%5:00:00:contemptible:00 – "of the most contemptible kind" – not relevant.
7. low%5:00:00:inferior:01 – low in station – not relevant.
8. low%5:00:00:insufficient:00 – depleted – not relevant.
9. low%5:00:00:humble:00 – subdued status – not relevant.
10. low%5:00:00:dejected:00 – melancholy – not relevant.

Therefore, sense 3 is the best. The instructions say to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. So the answer is {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: voice
Target surface form: voice
Context:
The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again. In a low <t>voice</t>, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back. He made the mistake of answering in an offhand way, and instantly realized that his skepticism must have showed in his face or voice.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=voice%1:07:00:: | definition=the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech | examples=A shrill voice sounded behind us
2. sense_key=voice%1:10:00:: | definition=the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract | synonyms=vocalization, vocalisation, vocalism, phonation, vox | examples=a singer takes good care of his voice; the giraffe cannot make any vocalizations
3. sense_key=voice%1:11:00:: | definition=a sound suggestive of a vocal utterance | examples=the noisy voice of the waterfall; the incessant voices of the artillery
4. sense_key=voice%1:10:01:: | definition=expressing in coherent verbal form | synonyms=articulation | examples=the articulation of my feelings; I gave voice to my feelings
5. sense_key=voice%1:04:00:: | definition=a means or agency by which something is expressed or communicated | examples=the voice of the law; the Times is not the voice of New York
6. sense_key=voice%1:10:03:: | definition=something suggestive of speech in being a medium of expression | examples=the wee small voice of conscience; the voice of experience
7. sense_key=voice%1:18:01:: | definition=(metonymy) a singer | examples=he wanted to hear trained voices sing it
8. sense_key=voice%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, representative | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
9. sense_key=voice%1:07:01:: | definition=the ability to speak | examples=he lost his voice
10. sense_key=voice%1:24:00:: | definition=(linguistics) the grammatical relation (active or passive) of the grammatical subject of a verb to the action that the verb denotes
11. sense_key=voice%1:10:02:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=part | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "voice" in the provided context. The context is:

"The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again. In a low <t>voice</t>, almost whispering, the man had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back. He made the mistake of answering in an offhand way, and instantly realized that his skepticism must have showed in his face or voice."

The target is "voice" in the phrase "In a low voice, almost whispering". We need to select among the 11 WordNet senses provided.

Let's examine each sense:

1. sense_key=voice%1:07:00:: | definition=the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech | examples=A shrill voice sounded behind us
   - This refers to the quality/pitch/condition, like a shrill voice. Could be relevant: "low voice" could refer to pitch (low-pitched voice). But here "low voice" means low volume, quiet, almost whispering. That's not primarily about distinctive quality or pitch; it's about volume. So might not be the best.

2. sense_key=voice%1:10:00:: | definition=the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract | synonyms=vocalization, vocalisation, vocalism, phonation, vox | examples=a singer takes good care of his voice; the giraffe cannot make any vocalizations
   - This is the physical production of sound by vocal cords. "Low voice" is still a sound produced by vocal folds, but this sense is very broad and physiological. Could apply.

3. sense_key=voice%1:11:00:: | definition=a sound suggestive of a vocal utterance | examples=the noisy voice of the waterfall; the incessant voices of the artillery
   - This is figurative, not literal human speech.

4. sense_key=voice%1:10:01:: | definition=expressing in coherent verbal form | synonyms=articulation | examples=the articulation of my feelings; I gave voice to my feelings
   - This is about expressing something in words; e.g., "give voice to". Not applicable here; it's not about giving voice to feelings; it's about the manner of speaking.

5. sense_key=voice%1:04:00:: | definition=a means or agency by which something is expressed or communicated | examples=the voice of the law; the Times is not the voice of New York
   - Figurative: a medium of expression. Not applicable.

6. sense_key=voice%1:10:03:: | definition=something suggestive of speech in being a medium of expression | examples=the wee small voice of conscience; the voice of experience
   - Again figurative, like an inner voice.

7. sense_key=voice%1:18:01:: | definition=(metonymy) a singer | examples=he wanted to hear trained voices sing it
   - Not applicable.

8. sense_key=voice%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, representative | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
   - Not applicable.

9. sense_key=voice%1:07:01:: | definition=the ability to speak | examples=he lost his voice
   - Not applicable; he spoke in a low voice, so he had the ability.

10. sense_key=voice%1:24:00:: | definition=(linguistics) the grammatical relation (active or passive) of the grammatical subject of a verb to the action that the verb denotes
    - Not applicable.

11. sense_key=voice%1:10:02:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=part | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
    - Not applicable.

So the plausible senses are 1, 2, and perhaps 9 (but 9 is ability, not sound). Sense 1 is about distinctive quality or pitch. "Low voice" could be a pitch quality, but the context says "almost whispering", which indicates volume, not pitch. Low pitch is not the same as whispering. Sense 1's example "A shrill voice" is about a piercing quality, which is a distinctive quality. Sense 2 is the sound produced by vocal folds, which could encompass any utterance, including low/whispered speech. Sense 3 is figurative, not human speech. So between 1 and 2, which is better?

WordNet's fine-grained senses: sense 1 is specifically "the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech". Sense 2 is the general sound production. The phrase "in a low voice" is an idiom meaning speaking quietly. This might be covered by sense 1 if we interpret "low" as a condition of speech (low volume). But sense 1's definition includes "condition of a person's speech", which could include volume. Or is that covered by sense 2? Typically, in WSD tasks, "voice" in "low voice" is often sense 1 or 2. Let's look at typical WordNet mappings: In many datasets, "voice" as in "a low voice" is tagged as sense 1 (voice%1:07:00::) because it refers to the quality (low being a quality of the voice). However, sense 2 is the physical sound. The distinction: sense 1 is about the quality perceived, sense 2 is about the actual sound production. For example, "her voice was hoarse" is sense 1. "He lost his voice" is sense 9. "I heard a voice in the crowd" is sense 2? Might need to check typical usage.

Sense 1 examples: "A shrill voice sounded behind us" – that's a quality/pitch. "He heard a voice in the next room" – that might be sense 2 because it's just a sound. In our sentence: "In a low voice, almost whispering" – this is describing the manner of speaking, a quality of the speech (low volume). The fact that it's almost whispering suggests it's not about the vocal folds vibration necessarily but the quality (low, soft). I'd lean towards sense 1. But let's see if sense 2's synonyms include "vocalization" etc., which is more about the act of making sound. "In a low voice" is a phrase where voice is a metonym for speech sound. Many dictionaries would define it as the sound produced in speaking, which is sense 2. However, the WordNet schema often separates: sense 1 is the quality, sense 2 is the sound itself. For instance, WordNet 3.0: sense 1: voice%1:07:00:: (the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech); sense 2: voice%1:10:00:: (the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract). The example for sense 2 is "a singer takes good care of his voice", which is about the physical voice organ, not a particular utterance. That suggests sense 2 is more about the biological/physiological voice as an instrument. So "a low voice" describing the sound of speech is more likely sense 1 because it's the quality/condition of speech.

Consider also the second occurrence: "his skepticism must have showed in his face or voice." Here "voice" refers to the tone/expression conveyed through voice. That's also quality, not the physical sound production. So both uses point toward sense 1.

Thus, sense 1 seems appropriate.

Let's double-check sense 3? No, figurative. Sense 4 is "giving voice," not. Sense 5 and 6 are metaphorical. So only 1 and 2 are literal. Sense 2 is more about the vocal instrument; sense 1 about the characteristic sound. In common WSD tagging, "voice" in "low voice" is often assigned to the sense "the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech" because it's about the manner.

Therefore, I'll select sense_index 1.

The final output should be a JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: man
Context:
The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again. In a low voice, almost whispering, the <t>man</t> had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back. He made the mistake of answering in an offhand way, and instantly realized that his skepticism must have showed in his face or voice.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence with a target word "man" and need to select the best sense from a list. The context: "The man was uncanny, like a shadow, and made as much noise as a shadow. Haney felt like shrinking out of sight, but he was already trapped in the corner with the wiry, dark little man. He began to wish that he hadn't shouted that other evening when the truck bore down through the crossing. Was he going to be saddled from now on with a creep for a bar - buddy? He'd have to start going to some of the other places again. In a low voice, almost whispering, the <t>man</t> had asked Phil if he was happy with the way the landlord had been taken off his back. He made the mistake of answering in an offhand way, and instantly realized that his skepticism must have showed in his face or voice."

We see "man" used multiple times referring to the same person: "the wiry, dark little man", "a creep for a bar-buddy", and then "the man had asked Phil..." So it's clearly a male adult person. Looking at the candidate senses:
1. adult male (as opposed to woman) - standard sense.
2. serviceman - no military context.
3. generic human being - "it was every man for himself" - not used generically, it's a specific individual.
4. hominid - scientific, not appropriate.
5. male subordinate - not a subordinate here.
6. manly character - no emphasis on virility.
7. valet - not a servant.
8. husband/lover/boyfriend - not indicated.
9. Isle of Man - no.
10. game piece - no.
11. all humans collectively - no.

So sense 1 is the best. The target is "man" as an adult male. The example "there were two women and six men on the bus" fits the context of referring to a male person.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.