[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sunday
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every <t>Sunday</t> from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "sunday" with surface form "Sunday" in a specific context. Candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

In the context, it says "... who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains...". Clearly, "Sunday" here refers to the day of the week. It is not referring to the evangelist.

So the best indexed sense is 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from <t>church</t> to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "church" in the given context. The target word appears in the phrase "drive every Sunday from church to church". We have four candidate senses from WordNet. Let's analyze the context:

Context: "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from <t>church</t> to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."

The phrase "from church to church" clearly indicates moving from one physical building to another. The ringers drive from one church building to another to ring the bells. The word "church" here refers to the physical place of worship, i.e., the church building.

Now, let's look at the candidate senses:
1. A group of Christians with shared beliefs (Christian church).
2. A place for public worship (church building). Example: "the church was empty."
3. A service conducted in a house of worship (church service). Example: "don't be late for church."
4. The body of people who attend a particular local church.

In the context, they are driving from one physical church to another. They are not driving from one service to another, nor from one group of people to another. The most fitting sense is "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" (sense 2). The phrase "from church to church" typically refers to buildings.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

We must output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to <t>church</t> in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "church to church" in context. The phrase is: "drive every Sunday from church to church".

Let's examine the context: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers ... who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia." So, they drive from one church to another church. Here, "church" likely refers to the physical building or the location where worship takes place, because they are going to different churches (different belfries) to ring bells. They are not driving from Christian denomination to Christian denomination, nor from church service to church service, nor from body of people to body of people. They are physically traveling to different church buildings. The context also mentions "6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells" – that reinforces the idea of physical buildings. So the sense is "a place for public worship", i.e., sense 2: church%1:06:00::.

Check other senses:
- 1: Christian church as a denomination/group. Not appropriate.
- 3: church service. Cannot drive "from church service to church service" since they are driving to ring bells, not to attend services.
- 4: body of people. They are driving from one local congregation to another? That's possible but less likely; they are physically traveling to belfries, so the building sense is more direct. The phrase "from church to church" in a car suggests going from one building to another. Also, the example for sense 2: "the church was empty" – they go to the church building. Sense 4 example: "our church is hosting a picnic" – that refers to the congregation, not the building. But here, they are driving to ring bells in belfries, so it's the physical location.

Thus, the best sense is 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effort
Target surface form: effort
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting <t>effort</t> to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effort%1:04:00:: | definition=earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something | synonyms=attempt, endeavor, endeavour, try | examples=made an effort to cover all the reading material; wished him luck in his endeavor
2. sense_key=effort%1:04:01:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion
3. sense_key=effort%1:04:02:: | definition=a notable achievement | synonyms=feat, exploit | examples=he performed a great feat; the book was her finest effort
4. sense_key=effort%1:04:03:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "effort" in the given context. The context is about ringers who drive from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding. The phrase is "a sometimes-exhausting effort". We need to choose among four senses:

1. earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something (attempt, endeavor, try). Example: made an effort to cover all the reading material.
2. use of physical or mental energy; hard work (elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat). Example: he got an A for effort.
3. a notable achievement (feat, exploit). Example: he performed a great feat.
4. a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end (campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement). Example: he supported populist campaigns.

In context: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers ... who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding..." The word "effort" here is part of an infinitive phrase: "in an effort to keep the bells sounding". This is a common construction meaning "with the aim of" or "in an attempt to". It indicates the activity they undertake with a purpose. The sense is about attempting to achieve something. The phrase "sometimes-exhausting" modifies "effort", indicating it requires energy and can be tiring. But the primary meaning is the activity intended to accomplish a goal.

Sense 1: "earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something" fits well: they are making an effort (an attempt, an endeavor) to keep the bells sounding. The example "made an effort to cover all the reading material" parallels "in an effort to keep the bells sounding". Sense 2 emphasizes hard work or exertion, but the construction "in an effort to" is more about the attempt than the physical energy itself. However, "exhausting" suggests exertion, so sense 2 might also apply. But the phrase "effort to [verb]" is prototypically sense 1. Sense 3 (achievement) does not fit: an effort to do something isn't a notable achievement in itself. Sense 4 (campaign, crusade) might seem plausible because they drive from church to church regularly, but "effort" here is not a full campaign; it's the specific activity they do each Sunday. The WordNet gloss for sense 4: "a series of actions advancing a principle...", which could describe their sustained activity to keep bells sounding. However, the immediate syntactic context "in an effort to" strongly points to sense 1. The examples for sense 1 include exactly this pattern: "made an effort to cover..." So sense 1 is the best.

But let's check if sense 4 might be more specific: They belong to a group, they drive every Sunday, it's a sustained effort. Yet sense 4 is typically used for organized campaigns: "a campaign to keep the bells sounding" could be synonymous. The phrase "effort" could be replaced with "campaign" here? "in a sometimes-exhausting campaign to keep the bells sounding" is possible but less natural. "Effort" as an attempt fits better.

Sense 2: exertion, hard work. "Sometimes-exhausting" points to the exertion aspect. "With great exertion" is a synonym. But the pattern "in an effort to" is not typical for sense 2. Sense 2 examples: "he got an A for effort" (noun, not followed by infinitive). So I lean toward sense 1.

Thus, select sense 1.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: keep
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to <t>keep</t> the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "keep" in the given context. We have 22 candidate senses with definitions, synonyms, and examples. The target form is "keep", and the context is: "... in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."

We need to choose the best sense from the list. The context is about bell ringers traveling to churches to "keep the bells sounding". That means they are trying to ensure that the bells continue to sound, i.e., to maintain the activity of the bells sounding.

Let's examine the candidate senses.

Sense 1: keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place. This sense seems to be about causing something to remain in a particular state. "Keep the bells sounding" could be interpreted as maintaining the bells in a state of sounding. The example "keep clean" is similar: keep something clean. The synonyms are "maintain, hold". This fits well: maintain the bells in a sounding state.

Sense 2: keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night. This sense is intransitive? The examples show "Keep on working" where "keep" is used with a gerund. But the context has "keep the bells sounding" which is a transitive structure: keep + object + complement. This sense is about continuing an activity, but it's more like "keep doing something" without an object. In the context, "keep the bells sounding" means cause the bells to continue sounding. So it's more causative. Sense 1 seems more appropriate.

Sense 3: retain possession of. Not applicable.

Sense 4: stop someone from doing something. Not applicable.

Sense 5: conform one's action. Not applicable.

Sense 6: stick to correctly. Not applicable.

Sense 7: look after. Not applicable.

Sense 8: maintain by writing records. Not applicable.

Sense 9: supply with room and board. No.

Sense 10: allow to remain in a place or position. Example: "We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer." That's about allowing someone to remain in service. Not about keeping something in a state.

Sense 11: supply with necessities. No.

Sense 12: fail to spoil or rot. No.

Sense 13: behave as expected during holidays. No.

Sense 14: keep under control. No.

Sense 15: maintain in safety. No.

Sense 16: raise animals. No.

Sense 17: retain rights. No.

Sense 18: store. No.

Sense 19: have as a supply. No.

Sense 20: maintain for use. No.

Sense 21: hold and prevent from leaving. No.

Sense 22: prevent food from rotting. No.

The most relevant senses are 1 and 2. Sense 1 is specifically "keep in a certain state, position, or activity". The example "keep clean" mirrors "keep the bells sounding": keep + noun + adjective/participle. Sense 2 is "continue a certain state" but is intransitive or used with gerunds. In the example "Keep on working", the structure is "keep on + gerund". The context doesn't use "keep on". It uses "keep + object + complement". So Sense 1 is the best match.

Thus, the answer should be sense_index 1.

Let's double-check: WordNet 3.0 sense mapping. The provided senses have sense keys like keep%2:42:00:: which corresponds to "maintain, hold" and the definition "keep in a certain state, position, or activity". That is exactly the sense used here.

Therefore, {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the <t>bells</t> sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "bells" in the context. The target is "bells" (plural) and the surface form is "bells". We have 10 candidate senses. The context is about church bells being rung by ringers, with ropes, in a tower, for services. The text mentions "the same five bells", "peal of bells", "St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers", "ring for even one service at this tower", "belfries". Clearly, the bells are physical objects that are rung. Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is a doorbell, not this. Sense 3 is the sound of a bell, but the text says "pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells" – the bells are objects being pulled. It also says "the peal of bells" which is the sound, but the target is "bells" in "to keep the bells sounding". That could refer to either the objects or the sound? But the phrase "keep the bells sounding" means to keep them producing sound, but the bells themselves are the instruments. Also, "attached to the same five bells" clearly refers to physical bells. Sense 1 is the most direct. Sense 9 is about a percussion instrument consisting of tuned bells, like an orchestral chime, but here it's church bells, which are indeed a set of tuned bells. However, sense 9 says "used as an orchestral instrument", which is more specific. The context is a church tower with bells for change ringing, not orchestral. Sense 1 is broader and fits best. So index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sounding
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells <t>sounding</t> in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%2:39:06:: | definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
2. sense_key=sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
3. sense_key=sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
4. sense_key=sound%2:39:02:: | definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
5. sense_key=sound%2:32:00:: | definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords | synonyms=voice, vocalize, vocalise
6. sense_key=sound%2:39:01:: | definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell; sound a certain note
7. sense_key=sound%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line | synonyms=fathom

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to pick the best sense for "sounding" in the context: "to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia." The target lemma is "sound", and the surface form is "sounding". The candidate senses are given with definitions, examples, and synonyms.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. sound%2:39:06:: | definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
   -> This sense is about giving an impression, not about making noise. In the context, the bells are not "appearing" in a certain way, they are physically making sound. So unlikely.

2. sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
   -> This sense is intransitive: something makes a sound. "The bells sounding" would mean the bells are making their sound. That fits: they want to keep the bells making their ringing sound. Note the example: "The gun went 'bang'" — that's a specific noise. Bells go "ding dong" or whatever. This seems plausible.

3. sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
   -> This sense is about the quality of the sound produced, often with a complement like "scratchy". It's also intransitive. "The bells sounding" could mean they give off a sound, but the example focuses on a characteristic: "sounds scratchy." The context does not mention a particular quality; it's just about the bells ringing. So maybe less likely than 2.

4. sound%2:39:02:: | definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
   -> This is transitive: someone sounds something. "Sound the alarm" means to cause the alarm to make noise. In the phrase "keep the bells sounding", "sounding" is intransitive here (no object). "Bells sounding" is not "someone sounding the bells". So 4 doesn't fit because it would require an agent sounding something. The context says "keep the bells sounding", where "sounding" is a present participle describing the bells, not an action done to them. So this seems wrong.

5. sound%2:32:00:: | definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords | synonyms=voice, vocalize, vocalise
   -> This is specifically about human or animal vocalization. Bells don't have vocal chords. So definitely not.

6. sound%2:39:01:: | definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell; sound a certain note
   -> This is transitive: cause something to sound. "Sound the bell" means to ring it. Again, "keeping the bells sounding" could be interpreted as "keeping the bells [being caused to sound]" but the phrase is "bells sounding" not "someone sounding the bells". The bells are the subject of the verb "sounding" in the participial phrase. So it's likely the intransitive use, not the transitive one. If it were transitive, it would be "keep sounding the bells" or something. So 6 is not correct.

7. sound%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line | synonyms=fathom
   -> Not relevant.

Between sense 2 and sense 3, both are intransitive. Sense 2 emphasizes making a specific noise; sense 3 emphasizes giving off sound of a certain quality. The phrase "keep the bells sounding" simply means keep the bells making their sound, ringing. There's no mention of a particular quality (like sounding loud or scratchy). Sense 2's examples show it can be used with a direct quotation: "The gun went 'bang'". But it also has the synonym "go", as in "the bell went". In fact, "the bell sounded" can mean it made its sound. Sense 3's example: "This record sounds scratchy" uses a predicate adjective. It's about the impression of the sound. In the context, it's just the act of ringing, not a descriptive quality. So sense 2 seems more appropriate.

Thus, I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for <t>even</t> one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "even" in the given context. The sentence is: "To ring for <t>even</t> one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond.

Let's consider the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

In the context: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," the word "even" modifies "one service". It emphasizes that just for a single service, they have to struggle to gather enough ringers. It indicates that the requirement is minimal (just one service) yet it's difficult to achieve. That is an intensive use, highlighting something unexpected or striking: the fact that they have to scrape just to ring for one service.

Looking at the examples for sense 1: "even an idiot knows that" – here "even" emphasizes that something is so obvious that even someone with low intelligence knows it. "declined even to consider the idea" – emphasizes that they went so far as to not consider it. Similarly, in our sentence, "even one service" emphasizes that it's just one, and yet they struggle. That matches the intensive use.

Sense 2 is about concession: "even when he is sick, he works" – meaning despite being sick, he works. That could be paraphrased as "in spite of". In our sentence, "even one service" could be seen as "even with just one service, we have to scrape" but that feels more like sense 2? However, the examples in sense 2 are with clauses or phrases indicating a condition: "even when he is sick", "even with his head start". Here it's "even one service" which is a noun phrase. It might be more like sense 1, an intensive emphasizing the small number. The WordNet classification: even%4:02:00:: is adverb "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected". Sense 2 even%4:02:03:: is "in spite of; notwithstanding". In our sentence, it's not exactly "in spite of one service", it's "to ring for even one service" meaning "to ring for just one service (and that's a lot to ask)". I think it's an intensifier.

Sense 3 is for comparisons: "even worse", "even more interesting". Not applicable here.

Sense 4: "to the full extent", e.g., "loyal even unto death". That could be like "even one service" meaning "to the extent of just one service"? Possibly, but the example "loyal even unto death" shows an extreme extent. In our case, it's not about extent, it's about the surprising fact that for a single service they have to make an effort.

Thus, the most appropriate is sense 1.

Let's double-check: the phrase "even one service" is similar to "even an idiot knows that" – emphasizing an unexpected or extreme case. Here, it's unexpected that for just one service they need to scrape. So I'll select sense 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one <t>service</t> at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Target lemma: service. Target surface form: service. Context: ... To ring for even one <t>service</t> at this tower, we have to scrape ...". The candidate senses are listed with index numbers 1 to 15. We need to choose the single best indexed sense.

Let's analyze the context. The text is about church bell ringers. They ring bells for church services. Specifically, they herald every Sunday morning and evening service. The speaker says: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape." So the word "service" here clearly refers to a religious service, i.e., a church service, an act of public worship. Among the candidate senses, sense index 3 is: "the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service". That fits perfectly. The context earlier mentions "Sunday morning and evening service". So sense 3 is the correct one.

Check other senses: sense 1 is general work done for others, sense 2 is help, sense 4 is a company, sense 5 employment, sense 6 military, sense 7 person, sense 8 means of serving, sense 9 tableware, sense 10 mating, sense 11 feudal, sense 12 sports, sense 13 legal, sense 14 maintenance, sense 15 waiter service. None of these fit the religious context. So sense_index: 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this <t>tower</t>, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "tower" with surface form "tower" in the given context. We have three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Context: The text discusses church bells and ringing. Specifically: "To ring for even one service at this <t>tower</t>, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond. The text mentions "belfries" and "church" and "bells". So the "tower" here is clearly referring to the bell tower of a church, which is a structure taller than its diameter, often attached to a church building. So sense 1 (a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building) fits perfectly. Sense 2 (anything approximating the shape of a column or tower) is more abstract, used for things like "a tower of dust". Sense 3 (tugboat) is clearly irrelevant. Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

We need to output only a JSON object with the sense_index as an integer. So: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scrape
Target surface form: scrape
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to <t>scrape</t>, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scrape%2:35:00:: | definition=scratch repeatedly | synonyms=grate | examples=The cat scraped at the armchair
2. sense_key=scrape%2:36:00:: | definition=make by scraping | examples=They scraped a letter into the stone
3. sense_key=scrape%2:35:02:: | definition=cut the surface of; wear away the surface of | synonyms=scratch, scratch up
4. sense_key=scrape%2:38:00:: | definition=bend the knees and bow in a servile manner | synonyms=kowtow, genuflect
5. sense_key=scrape%2:35:03:: | definition=gather (money or other resources) together over time | synonyms=scrape up, scratch, come up | examples=She had scraped together enough money for college; they scratched a meager living
6. sense_key=scrape%2:35:01:: | definition=bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of | synonyms=skin | examples=The boy skinned his knee when he fell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense." The target lemma is "scrape", surface form "scrape", context: a speaker says "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape". Wait, the sentence in context: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond. So the phrase is "we have to scrape". There's no direct object. The word is used intransitively or with a metaphorical sense. The context is about ringing church bells and needing to "scrape" to gather enough ringers, perhaps meaning they have to put in effort, struggle, or scrape together resources (people). The phrase "scrape" might be short for "scrape together" meaning to gather with difficulty. Among the senses:

1. scratch repeatedly (intransitive? "The cat scraped at the armchair")
2. make by scraping (transitive: "They scraped a letter into the stone")
3. cut the surface of; wear away the surface of (transitive: scratch, scratch up)
4. bend the knees and bow in a servile manner (kowtow)
5. gather (money or other resources) together over time (scrape up, scratch, come up) with examples: "She had scraped together enough money for college; they scratched a meager living" – this sense is specifically about gathering resources, often with "together" or "up". In the context, "we have to scrape" without "together" or "up" could be an elliptical usage meaning "scrape together" ringers. They have to scrape to get enough ringers. It implies difficulty in gathering people. So sense 5 seems best: gather (money or other resources) together over time. Here, the resource is ringers. They have to scrape (up) ringers to make a full band.

Other senses: sense 4 is about bowing, not relevant. Senses 1, 2, 3 are about physical scraping, not fitting. So I choose sense 5.

Answer: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "<t>says</t> Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "say" with surface form "says" in the provided context. We have 11 candidate senses with definitions, synonyms, and examples. We must choose the single best indexed sense (1-11) based on context.

Context: The sentence is: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. This is a direct quote, so Mr. Hammond is expressing in words what he said. The verb "says" is used to attribute the quoted speech to Mr. Hammond. The most straightforward sense is sense 1: "express in words", with synonyms "state, tell". The examples: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you". The context is clearly reporting someone's spoken words. Sense 2 is "report or maintain" with synonyms "allege, aver", which also could apply but it has a nuance of reporting something that is maintained, often with a claim. But here it's just a straight quote of what he said, a simple statement. Sense 8: "utter aloud" also fits, but that's more about making sounds, not necessarily conveying a message; sense 1 is specifically expressing in words. Sense 1 is the most common sense for reporting speech. Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare", but here it's just reporting what he said, not necessarily his opinion. So sense 1 is best.

Thus, index 1.

Return as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: worker
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority <t>worker</t>. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "worker" and surface form "worker" with context. We need to choose the best sense from the four candidates.

Context: a retired water-authority worker. The person is Mr. Hammond, who is a retired water-authority worker. This indicates he worked for the water authority. So he is a person with a specific occupation. Sense 1: "a person who works at a specific occupation" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about working class, but here it's just his job. Sense 3 is insects. Sense 4 is actor/doer, but it's too generic. So the best is sense 1.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: try
Target surface form: tried
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've <t>tried</t> to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=try%2:41:00:: | definition=make an effort or attempt | synonyms=seek, attempt, essay, assay | examples=He tried to shake off his fears; The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps
2. sense_key=try%2:41:01:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=test, prove, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
3. sense_key=try%2:41:06:: | definition=put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of | synonyms=judge, adjudicate | examples=The football star was tried for the murder of his wife; The judge tried both father and son in separate trials
4. sense_key=try%2:34:00:: | definition=take a sample of | synonyms=sample, try out, taste | examples=Try these new crackers; Sample the regional dishes
5. sense_key=try%2:41:05:: | definition=examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process | synonyms=hear | examples=The jury had heard all the evidence; The case will be tried in California
6. sense_key=try%2:37:01:: | definition=give pain or trouble to | examples=I've been sorely tried by these students
7. sense_key=try%2:37:00:: | definition=test the limits of | synonyms=strain, stress | examples=You are trying my patience!
8. sense_key=try%2:30:00:: | definition=melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities | synonyms=render | examples=try the yak butter; render fat in a casserole
9. sense_key=try%2:29:00:: | definition=put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice | synonyms=try on | examples=Try on this sweater to see how it looks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "tried" in the sentence: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." The context is about efforts to train young people, but they are distracted. The sense is about making an effort or attempt. Looking at the senses:

1. make an effort or attempt, synonyms: seek, attempt, essay, assay. Example: He tried to shake off his fears. This matches perfectly: "We've tried to train the youngsters" means we made an effort to train them.

2. put to the test, test, prove, try out, examine. Example: This approach has been tried with good results. This could apply if it meant testing whether training works, but the context is about the effort itself, not testing. The phrase "tried to train" shows an attempt, not a test.

3. judicial trial. Not applicable.

4. sample, taste. Not applicable.

5. judicial hearing. Not applicable.

6. give pain or trouble. Not applicable.

7. test the limits of, strain. Not applicable.

8. melt fat. Not applicable.

9. try on clothes. Not applicable.

Thus sense 1 is clearly correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to <t>train</t> the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "train" in the given context. We need to select the best indexed sense from the provided list. The context is: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." The target word is used as a verb: "train the youngsters". We need to understand what sense of "train" fits best.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

In the context: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." The speakers are ringers (bell ringers) trying to pass on the skill of bell ringing to young people. They are attempting to teach them the craft. So, "train" here means to teach a skill, specifically to instruct them in bell ringing. It's about educating or coaching them for a specific activity.

Sense 1: "create by training and teaching" with synonyms develop, prepare, educate. Example: The old master is training world-class violinists. That fits well: training youngsters to become skilled in something.

Sense 2: "undergo training or instruction" – but that's intransitive? The definition says "undergo training" but the example "She is training to be a teacher" shows an intransitive use or with an infinitive. In the context, it's transitive: "train the youngsters". Sense 2 might be more about the person themselves undergoing training, not training someone else. So likely not.

Sense 3: "develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control". That emphasizes discipline, behavior, self-control. Example: "Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?" In the context, it's about teaching a skill (bell ringing), not primarily about behavior or self-control. They are trying to get them to learn to ring bells, not discipline them. So sense 3 is less appropriate.

Sense 4: "educate for a future role or function" like grooming a successor. Example: He is grooming his son to become his successor. That could be similar: training youngsters to become bell ringers as a future role. But it's a bit more about preparing for a specific position, maybe with a sense of nurturing. However, the synonym "groom" might be apt. But sense 1 also covers "educate" and "prepare".

Sense 5: "teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment" – not relevant.

Sense 6: "point or cause to go (blows, weapons, ...) towards" – not relevant.

Sense 7: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports" – synonyms: coach. Example: He is training our Olympic team. This is very similar: coaching a team, training them in a sport. Bell ringing might be considered a skill-based activity. This sense specifically mentions sports, but it could extend to other skilled activities that require coaching.

Sense 8: "exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition" – this is intransitive, focusing on the person doing the exercise. Not transitive like in context.

Sense 9, 10, 11 are clearly irrelevant.

Now, we need to choose the single best sense. Sense 1, 4, and 7 are close. Let's compare:

Sense 1: "create by training and teaching", examples: training world-class violinists, develop leaders. This implies producing a result through training.

Sense 4: "educate for a future role or function", like grooming a successor.

Sense 7: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports", example: training an Olympic team.

In the context, the ringers are trying to teach youngsters to ring bells, so they are acting as coaches. The activity of bell ringing is a skill, somewhat analogous to a sport or craft. Sense 7 explicitly mentions "coach" and is about teaching and supervising, which fits perfectly. Sense 1 is more about "creating" or "developing" the person into something; sense 4 is about preparing for a specific future role. Both are plausible, but sense 7 seems more direct: "train" meaning to coach. Also, note that in the context, they say "train the youngsters" and then they drift away because of discos etc., so it's about the act of training them, not necessarily about the end result (create, groom). Sense 7 is about the process of training/coaching.

Looking at WordNet hierarchy, these senses are close. But we must choose the single best indexed sense. I'll examine the nuance: "train the youngsters" – the youngsters are being taught a particular skill (bell ringing). They are not being "disciplined" (sense 3) nor "groomed for a future role" (sense 4) specifically; it's about instructing them in the activity. Sense 7 is explicitly "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports". Even though bell ringing isn't exactly a sport, it's a skilled activity being coached. Sense 1 might also work, but sense 7 is more specific about the role of the trainer. The example for sense 7 is exactly parallel: "He is training our Olympic team". Replace "Olympic team" with "youngsters" for bell ringing. So sense 7 seems the best.

Sense 1 also mentions "training world-class violinists" which is teaching a skill, but it has a nuance of "create" or "develop" the person into a violinist. Sense 7 emphasizes the teaching/supervising aspect. In the context, they are trying to train them to ring bells, so they are coaching them. I think sense 7 is the closest.

Let's check if there's any nuance about the intransitive senses: sense 2 is intransitive, sense 8 intransitive. But the usage is clearly transitive: "train the youngsters". So those are out.

Thus, sense 7 is likely correct. But we must ensure it's indeed the best fit. If we look at sense 4, "educate for a future role or function" might also fit, as they are being trained to become ringers, a future role. However, the example "grooming his son to become his successor" implies a more personalized, long-term preparation for a specific position, often with a sense of succession. Here, it's more about training a group of youngsters in a skill. So sense 7 (teaching and supervising, as in sports) is more general.

Sense 1 is "create by training and teaching". That could be interpreted as the process of making someone into a skilled person. It's also close. But note the synonyms: develop, prepare, educate. Sense 7's synonym is "coach". In the context of bell ringing, they would say "coach the youngsters". So "coach" fits perfectly.

Thus, I'll go with sense 7.

Therefore, answer: {"sense_index": 7}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disco
Target surface form: discos
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their <t>discos</t> and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disco%1:10:00:: | definition=popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques | synonyms=disco music
2. sense_key=disco%1:06:00:: | definition=a public dance hall for dancing to recorded popular music | synonyms=discotheque

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "disco" (surface form "discos") in the given context. The two candidate senses are:

1. disco%1:10:00:: (disco music): popular dance music, especially in the late 1970s; melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques.
2. disco%1:06:00:: (discotheque): a public dance hall for dancing to recorded popular music.

Context: The sentence is: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." Here, "discos" refers to events or places where young people go to dance. The phrase "their discos and their dances" suggests social activities. Reading carefully: "they have their discos and their dances" – this could mean they attend discotheques (dance halls) or they listen to disco music and go to dances. However, "discos" is plural, and typically "disco" as a music genre is uncountable (you wouldn't say "have their discos" meaning music). It's more natural to interpret "discos" as events or venues: they go to discos (discotheques) and dances. The context contrasts with bell-ringing, a traditional activity. Youth prefer modern entertainment like going to discos. So sense 2 (discotheque, a public dance hall) fits better. Although "disco" can also refer to the music genre, the plural "discos" is commonly used for discotheque events. The definition of sense 2 is "a public dance hall for dancing to recorded popular music." That matches "discos and dances" as places/events. Sense 1 is the music genre, intended mainly for dancing at discotheques, but the word "discos" here is not about the music itself but the activity. Thus, sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dance
Target surface form: dances
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their <t>dances</t>, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dance%1:10:00:: | definition=an artistic form of nonverbal communication
2. sense_key=dance%1:14:00:: | definition=a party of people assembled for dancing
3. sense_key=dance%1:04:00:: | definition=taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music | synonyms=dancing, terpsichore, saltation
4. sense_key=dance%1:11:00:: | definition=a party for social dancing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "dances" in the given context. The context is: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." The speaker is talking about young people having discos and dances as activities that distract them from bell-ringing. So "dances" here likely refers to social events where dancing occurs, similar to discos (discotheques). Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=dance%1:10:00:: | definition=an artistic form of nonverbal communication (this is the art form of dance, not a specific event)
2. sense_key=dance%1:14:00:: | definition=a party of people assembled for dancing (this seems like a generic party for dancing)
3. sense_key=dance%1:04:00:: | definition=taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music | synonyms=dancing, terpsichore, saltation (this refers to the act of dancing, not an event)
4. sense_key=dance%1:11:00:: | definition=a party for social dancing (this is also a party for dancing)

The context mentions "discos and their dances" – "discos" are events/clubs, so "dances" likely means similar social events. In WordNet, "dance" can mean a social gathering for dancing. Sense 2 and 4 both refer to parties. Sense 2: "a party of people assembled for dancing" – this is a general party where dancing happens. Sense 4: "a party for social dancing" – more specifically a social dance party. Both are plausible. However, sense 4 is often used for formal social dances, like school dances, etc. Sense 2 might be more generic. The phrase "their discos and their dances" suggests two types of events: discos (modern nightclub events) and dances (perhaps more traditional social dance events). In WordNet, sense 2 is "dance%1:14:00", which is the second sense listed. Sense 4 is "dance%1:11:00". To decide, note that synsets: sense 2 (14) might be a hypernym? Actually, let's check typical WordNet hierarchy: %1:14:00 is likely a noun sense. I'm not entirely sure which index corresponds to which. But from the definitions: 2 says "a party of people assembled for dancing" and 4 says "a party for social dancing". They are very close. Perhaps 2 is a generic party, while 4 is specifically a social dance event. In the context, "dances" might be contrasted with "discos", so it could be a formal dance. However, "discos" are also for dancing. The phrase "their discos and their dances" might be a redundant pairing, both meaning dance parties. I'll check if there's a nuance. In some varieties of English, "dances" can mean events at a dance hall or school dance. Sense 4 is probably more specific. But I need to choose the best indexed sense. Since the instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key", I need to output the sense_index. The candidate senses are listed with numbers 1,2,3,4. I must choose one. Without more context, sense 2 and 4 are similar. But note: in WordNet 3.0, the sense "dance" as a party has two synsets: one is a general party (maybe like a ball), and one is a social dance. Actually, looking at the definitions: 2: "a party of people assembled for dancing" – this is a group of people who come together to dance, not necessarily a formal event. 4: "a party for social dancing" – this implies a social event. I think the context suggests a social event. However, the example sentence mentions "discos" which are also social. The young people have their discos and their dances – both are activities they prefer. In WordNet, the primary sense for a dance event is usually the social dance. I recall that in many WSD datasets, "dance" in this context (like "school dance") is disambiguated as the social dancing party. So I lean towards sense 4. But let's double-check: In the Prince and the Pauper or similar, "dances" are social events. I'll go with sense 4. However, I must be careful: the instruction says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." No examples are provided for each sense, only definitions and synonyms. The synonyms for sense 3 are "dancing, terpsichore, saltation" which is the act of dancing, not an event. So 3 is out. 1 is the art form, also out. Between 2 and 4, which is a party for dancing. In many WordNet sense inventories, the sense "dance" as in "a party for social dancing" is more common than the generic "party of people assembled for dancing". I'll choose sense_index 4.

Thus, the JSON output: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: just
Target surface form: just
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they <t>just</t> drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=just%4:02:00:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, only, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=just%4:02:05:: | definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | synonyms=precisely, exactly | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do; it was just as he said--the jewel was gone
3. sense_key=just%4:02:01:: | definition=only a moment ago | synonyms=just now | examples=he has just arrived; the sun just now came out
4. sense_key=just%4:02:03:: | definition=absolutely | synonyms=simply | examples=I just can't take it anymore; he was just grand as Romeo
5. sense_key=just%4:02:04:: | definition=only a very short time before; ; ; ; ; - W.B.Yeats | synonyms=barely, hardly, scarcely, scarce | examples=they could barely hear the speaker; we hardly knew them
6. sense_key=just%4:02:06:: | definition=exactly at this moment or the moment described | examples=we've just finished painting the walls, so don't touch them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "just" in the sentence: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they <t>just</t> drift away."

Let's examine the context. Mr. Hammond is explaining that they try to train young ringers, but they have distractions (discos, dances) and then "they just drift away." The meaning here is that despite efforts, the youngsters eventually leave, with little resistance or for no particular reason. The sense seems to be something like "simply" or "merely" — they do nothing more than drift away, or they drift away without much cause. It emphasizes the inevitability or simplicity of the action.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=just%4:02:00:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, only, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
   - This fits: "they simply/merely drift away" meaning they do nothing more than drift away, no further effort or reason.

2. sense_key=just%4:02:05:: | definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | synonyms=precisely, exactly | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do; it was just as he said--the jewel was gone
   - Not a good fit: "they exactly drift away" doesn't make sense.

3. sense_key=just%4:02:01:: | definition=only a moment ago | synonyms=just now | examples=he has just arrived; the sun just now came out
   - Temporal meaning: they have recently drifted away. Could be possible: "they have just drifted away" might mean they drifted away a short while ago. But the context is present tense "they drift away" - the sentence is "they just drift away" (not "have just drifted"). The present tense suggests a habitual action, not a recent event. So this temporal sense doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=just%4:02:03:: | definition=absolutely | synonyms=simply | examples=I just can't take it anymore; he was just grand as Romeo
   - Could be an intensifier: "they absolutely drift away" - meaning completely? Not quite. The example "I just can't take it anymore" uses just to emphasize the impossibility. Here, "they just drift away" doesn't seem like an intensifier. It's more like "they simply drift away" (sense 1). Note that "simply" is a synonym for both senses 1 and 4, but the definitions differ. Sense 4 is "absolutely", which doesn't fit as well.

5. sense_key=just%4:02:04:: | definition=only a very short time before; ; ; ; ; - W.B.Yeats | synonyms=barely, hardly, scarcely, scarce | examples=they could barely hear the speaker; we hardly knew them
   - Means "barely" or "hardly". "They barely drift away" doesn't make sense.

6. sense_key=just%4:02:06:: | definition=exactly at this moment or the moment described | examples=we've just finished painting the walls, so don't touch them
   - Also temporal: "exactly at this moment". Not fitting present habitual.

The best fit is sense 1: "and nothing more" / "merely, simply, only, but". In context, "they just drift away" means they merely drift away, that's all that happens, they don't stay despite training. So sense index 1.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drift
Target surface form: drift
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just <t>drift</t> away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drift%2:38:02:: | definition=be in motion due to some air or water current | synonyms=float, be adrift, blow | examples=The leaves were blowing in the wind; the boat drifted on the lake
2. sense_key=drift%2:38:04:: | definition=wander from a direct course or at random | synonyms=stray, err | examples=The child strayed from the path and her parents lost sight of her; don't drift from the set course
3. sense_key=drift%2:38:01:: | definition=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment | synonyms=roll, wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam | examples=The gypsies roamed the woods; roving vagabonds
4. sense_key=drift%2:42:03:: | definition=vary or move from a fixed point or course | examples=stock prices are drifting higher
5. sense_key=drift%2:42:00:: | definition=live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely | synonyms=freewheel | examples=My son drifted around for years in California before going to law school
6. sense_key=drift%2:38:05:: | definition=move in an unhurried fashion | examples=The unknown young man drifted among the invited guests
7. sense_key=drift%2:38:06:: | definition=cause to be carried by a current | examples=drift the boats downstream
8. sense_key=drift%2:35:03:: | definition=drive slowly and far afield for grazing | examples=drift the cattle herds westwards
9. sense_key=drift%2:30:10:: | definition=be subject to fluctuation | examples=The stock market drifted upward
10. sense_key=drift%2:30:00:: | definition=be piled up in banks or heaps by the force of wind or a current | examples=snow drifting several feet high; sand drifting like snow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the target word "drift" in the context: "they just <t>drift</t> away". The context is about ringers (bell ringers) and how the youngsters have other interests (discos and dances) and they just drift away. This means they gradually stop participating, they move away from the activity, perhaps without intention, they wander off. The phrase "drift away" suggests gradually moving away, often in a metaphorical sense, from an activity or group. Among the senses, we need the one that best captures this meaning.

Reviewing the candidates:

1. drift%2:38:02:: be in motion due to air or water current (literal physical drifting on water or wind). Not this; "drift away" is not literal.

2. drift%2:38:04:: wander from a direct course or at random; synonyms: stray, err; examples: don't drift from the set course. This could fit: straying away from the church bell ringing activity, like straying from a path. "drift away" here means they stray away from the group/activity.

3. drift%2:38:01:: move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment (roam, wander). This is more about physical roaming. Not ideal.

4. drift%2:42:03:: vary or move from a fixed point or course (stock prices drifting higher). Metaphorical, but "drift away" is not about varying from a fixed point; it's leaving.

5. drift%2:42:00:: live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely; example: My son drifted around for years. This is about a lifestyle, not specifically leaving a group.

6. drift%2:38:05:: move in an unhurried fashion (drifted among the guests). Physical movement, not leaving.

7-10: not applicable.

The best is sense 2: wander from a direct course or at random. The phrase "drift away" means they stray from the activity, they gradually leave. Sense 2's example: "don't drift from the set course" aligns with straying from a course, and here they are straying from the ringing group.

Thus, sense_index: 2

Answer as JSON.