[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: display
Target surface form: displayed
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality <t>displayed</t> by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=display%2:39:00:: | definition=to show, make visible or apparent | synonyms=expose, exhibit | examples=The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month; Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?
2. sense_key=display%2:41:00:: | definition=attract attention by displaying some body part or posing; of animals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "display" (surface form "displayed") in the given context. The context: "What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality <t>displayed</t> by Americans in the voting booth." So, "displayed" is used as a past participle modifying "split personality". The phrase means that Americans exhibit or show a split personality in their voting behavior. The two candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=display%2:39:00:: | definition=to show, make visible or apparent | synonyms=expose, exhibit | examples=The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month; Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?

2. sense_key=display%2:41:00:: | definition=attract attention by displaying some body part or posing; of animals

Clearly, sense 2 is about animals displaying body parts or posing to attract attention, which doesn't fit the context of Americans showing a split personality in voting. Sense 1 is about making something visible or apparent, which matches perfectly: the split personality is made apparent by their voting behavior. So, sense index 1 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: Americans
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by <t>Americans</t> in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "american" with surface form "Americans" in context. The context discusses U.S. politics: Republicans, presidential elections, Congress, popular vote, and mentions "Americans" in the voting booth. The senses: 1: a native or inhabitant of the United States; 2: the English language; 3: a native or inhabitant of any country in the Americas. In context, "Americans" clearly refers to U.S. citizens, as it's about U.S. elections. Sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 3 is too broad. Sense 2 is about language, not relevant. So choose sense_index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: GMICloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assumption
Target surface form: assumptions
Context:
As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three <t>assumptions</t>: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934
4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: | definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15
5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended
6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness
7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "assumption" with the surface form "assumptions" in the given context. We need to choose the best indexed sense from the provided candidate senses (1 through 7). We should output a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3} with the correct index.

Let's analyze the context: The text discusses a simple economic theory that relies on three "assumptions". Then it lists one of them: "1 -RRB- Voters can 'buy' one of two brands..." The word "assumptions" here refers to statements or propositions that are taken for granted as the basis for the theory. This is typical in academic or theoretical contexts: assumptions are underlying premises.

Now, look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play

2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions

3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934

4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: | definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15

5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended

6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness

7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

The context clearly uses "assumptions" in the sense of propositions that form the basis of a theory. Sense 1 and Sense 2 both seem relevant. Sense 1 defines it as "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn" with synonyms "premise, premiss". Sense 2 defines it as "a hypothesis that is taken for granted" with synonyms "supposition, supposal". How to differentiate? In logic or theory-building, an assumption is often a starting point, a premise. The context says "The theory relies on three assumptions" and then lists them. These are foundational statements that the theory takes as given. Both senses could fit, but Sense 1 specifically mentions "from which a conclusion can be drawn" and is linked to reasoning (like in an argument). The economic theory here is using assumptions as building blocks for an explanation. Sense 2 is more about a hypothesis taken for granted, but in this context, the assumptions are not merely hypotheses; they are premises of the theory. The example for sense 1: "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play" shows a premise for inference. The example for sense 2: "any society is built upon certain assumptions" is closer to the context: a society is built upon certain assumptions, just like a theory is built upon assumptions. But sense 1's definition explicitly mentions "statement that is assumed to be true" and synonyms "premise, premiss" which is very fitting for a theoretical assumption. Sense 2 is broader, "a hypothesis taken for granted". I'd lean towards sense 1 because it emphasizes the role of an assumption as a premise for reasoning or concluding. However, note: WordNet often has fine distinctions. Sense 1 is more about a logical premise, sense 2 about a supposition. The context says "The theory relies on three assumptions" and then presents one. In social science, "assumptions" are indeed the basic premises. Sense 1's synonyms are "premise, premiss", which directly maps to mathematical or logical assumptions. Given that the text is about an economic theory, the assumptions are the starting points for the argument. So sense 1 is the most precise.

Thus, choose sense index 1.

I will output {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brand
Target surface form: brands
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two <t>brands</t> when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain | examples=And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard | synonyms=sword, blade, steel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "brand" in the given context. The target surface form is "brands". The context is about political parties as "brands" — a Republican brand and a Democratic brand. The meaning is clearly about a recognizable kind or type, similar to a product brand but applied metaphorically to political parties. Let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. "a name given to a product or service" (trade name, brand name, marque) — This is about a product brand name. In the context, "brands" refers to political party ideologies, not a product name per se. However, the metaphorical use is close, but sense 2 might be more general.

2. "a recognizable kind" (synonym: make) — examples: "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?" This fits perfectly: the text says "one of two brands" meaning one of two kinds of political agents. It's a recognizable kind or type. This is the intended sense.

3. identification mark on skin, made by burning — no.

4. a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning — no.

5. a symbol of disgrace or infamy — no.

6. a cutting or thrusting weapon — no.

Thus, sense 2 is the best. The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: political
Target surface form: political
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their <t>political</t> agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=political%3:00:00:: | definition=involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; - Daniel Goleman | examples=calling a meeting is a political act in itself; political pressure
2. sense_key=political%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power | examples=political opinions
3. sense_key=political%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the profession of governing | examples=political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "political" with the surface form "political" in context. The context discusses voting and political agents, mentioning Republican and Democratic brands. The target word appears in "select their political agents", so it's about agents in politics. Let's look at candidate senses:

1. sense_key=political%3:00:00::: definition="involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; - Daniel Goleman", examples="calling a meeting is a political act in itself; political pressure". This sense is broad, covering anything related to politics, parties, politicians. The example includes "political pressure", which might be about exerting influence in political contexts.

2. sense_key=political%3:01:01::: definition="of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power", examples="political opinions". This sense is about personal views on power/authority relationships. So "political opinions" fits.

3. sense_key=political%3:01:02::: definition="of or relating to the profession of governing", examples="political career". This sense is specifically about the profession of governing.

Now, the context: "they select their political agents -- a Republican brand... and a Democratic brand". These agents are candidates for office, people who would govern if elected. They are "political agents" meaning agents involved in politics, specifically as representatives. The phrase "political agents" likely refers to agents in the political sphere, i.e., politicians or candidates. So it's about agents that are political in nature, relating to the profession of governing or politics. Which sense is most fitting? Sense 1: involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians. Sense 3: of or relating to the profession of governing. Both could apply. However, the context is about voters selecting agents who belong to political parties (Republican/Democratic brands) that advocate particular government philosophies. These agents are essentially politicians, so "political agents" means agents involved in politics. Sense 1 seems more general: characteristic of parties or politicians. Sense 3 specifically about the profession of governing. The agents are being selected as representatives, so they will be in the profession of governing. But the phrase "political agents" doesn't necessarily emphasize the profession; it could simply mean agents who are political, i.e., involved in politics. Let's check the examples: "calling a meeting is a political act in itself" – a political act is an act characteristic of politics. "Political pressure" – pressure related to politics. In our context, "political agents" are likely agents in the political realm, chosen by voters. I'd say sense 1 is the most directly applicable because it covers being characteristic of politics or parties or politicians. The agents are political because they represent brands (parties). Sense 3 is narrower, focusing on the profession. But are these agents necessarily in the profession? They are being selected, so they are candidates. It could be either, but sense 1 seems more inclusive and typical for such collocations. Additionally, note that the target word is "political" modifying "agents". In WordNet, sense 1 has examples like "political pressure", where "political" similarly modifies a noun to indicate it relates to politics. Sense 2 is clearly not appropriate because it's about personal views. So between 1 and 3, I lean toward sense 1 as the best match because the context is about parties and politicians, not specifically the profession of governing but the broader political arena. Also, the definition of sense 1 includes "parties or politicians", which fits perfectly. Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: agent
Target surface form: agents
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political <t>agents</t> -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agent%1:17:00:: | definition=an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect | examples=their research uncovered new disease agents
2. sense_key=agent%1:18:02:: | definition=a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
3. sense_key=agent%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that exerts some force or effect
4. sense_key=agent%1:18:01:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=factor, broker
5. sense_key=agent%1:18:03:: | definition=any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau | synonyms=federal agent
6. sense_key=agent%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of the animate entity that instigates or causes the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=agentive role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "agent" and surface form "agents" in the provided context. The context discusses political agents: "choose ... political agents -- a Republican brand ... Democratic brand ..." It is about representatives or delegates. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. cause or effect
2. a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
3. substance
4. businessman/factor/broker
5. federal agent
6. semantic role

The context is clearly about political representatives, not about a cause, substance, businessman, federal agent, or semantic role. Sense 2 fits perfectly: "a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations". Hence, answer is 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a <t>Republican</t> brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the target word "Republican" in context. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics

2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

The context discusses the GOP (Grand Old Party, another name for the Republican Party), contrasting a "Republican brand" with a "Democratic brand." The target appears as "<t>Republican</t> brand" which clearly refers to the political party, not the form of government. So sense 1 is correct.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brand
Target surface form: brand
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican <t>brand</t> that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain | examples=And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard | synonyms=sword, blade, steel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about political parties, specifically the Republican and Democratic "brands" in terms of their ideological characteristics. The context says: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets ... and a Democratic brand that believes in big government ...". This is not about a product name, not about a mark of disgrace, not about a burning piece of wood, not about a sword. It's about a "kind" or "type" of political ideology. The closest sense is sense 2: "a recognizable kind", with synonyms "make", and examples like "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?". That fits the figurative use of "brand" as a type or variety of something, especially one with distinctive qualities. So sense_index 2.

Thus, the JSON should be: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minimalist
Target surface form: minimalist
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the <t>minimalist</t> state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minimalist%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to artistic minimalism
2. sense_key=minimalist%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform fine-grained word sense disambiguation. The target word is "minimalist" in the context provided. The context mentions "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state". It talks about politics and government. The candidate senses given are: sense 1 is "of or relating to artistic minimalism", and sense 2 is "advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)". The context is clearly about politics, so sense 2 is the correct one. The instruction says to return a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. We choose the index 2 for the correct sense.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist <t>state</t> and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "state" in a specific context. The context discusses political brands: Republican brand believes in the minimalist "state" and in the virtues of private markets over public action, while Democratic brand believes in big government and public intervention. Here, "state" is contrasted with "government" but used in a political sense. The phrase "minimalist state" suggests a political entity with limited powers. This is about the role of government or the state as a governing body.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. administrative district of a nation (like US state) - not applicable here, no mention of a specific state like Texas.
2. the way something is with respect to its main attributes (state of knowledge, state of health) - not about political state.
3. the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state - "the state has lowered its income tax" - this is about the government as an actor. However, the context says "Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state", which could refer to the government apparatus.
4. a politically organized body of people under a single government (nation, country) - "the state has elected a new president; African nations" - This is broader, the state as a country or sovereign entity. In political theory, "the state" often refers to the organized political community under one government.
5. chemistry states of matter - no.
6. a state of depression or agitation - no.
7. territory occupied by a nation (country, land) - "returned to the land of his birth" - more about land/geography, not appropriate.
8. US State Department - not.

The context says "minimalist state" vs "big government". "State" here is often used to refer to the entire apparatus of government, especially in phrases like "the state" in political theory. Sense 3 is "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" - that could work. Sense 4 is "a politically organized body of people under a single government". Sense 3 focuses on the government itself as a group of people. In political science, "the state" is often defined as the institutions of government. The phrase "minimalist state" implies a state that governs minimally. The contrast with "big government" suggests that "state" and "government" are closely related. However, "government" typically refers to the specific administration, while "state" is the permanent institutions. But the example: "the state has lowered its income tax" fits sense 3. The Republican brand believes in a state that is small. That is sense 3. Check synonyms: sense 3 has no synonyms listed, but definition is "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state". It is about the government body. Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - that seems more about the entire nation as a political entity, like a country. In context, "minimalist state" likely refers to the role of government, so sense 3 seems more precise.

Let's look at examples: Sense 3: "the state has lowered its income tax" — here state is acting as government. Sense 4: "the state has elected a new president" — that also could be government. The distinction is subtle. Typically, WordNet sense 3 is hypernym of government? Actually, state%1:14:01 is the group of people, while state%1:14:00 is the whole entity. I'd say "minimalist state" means a state with minimal government intervention, so it's about the government's size. Sense 3 is probably best.

Also, note the context says: "Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state... Democratic brand that believes in big government" — "state" and "government" are used interchangeably here, but "state" is directly the entity that is minimal. So I'd choose sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: virtue
Target surface form: virtues
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the <t>virtues</t> of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=virtue%1:07:01:: | definition=the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong | synonyms=virtuousness, moral excellence
2. sense_key=virtue%1:07:03:: | definition=any admirable quality or attribute | synonyms=merit | examples=work of great merit
3. sense_key=virtue%1:07:02:: | definition=morality with respect to sexual relations | synonyms=chastity, sexual morality
4. sense_key=virtue%1:07:04:: | definition=a particular moral excellence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "virtue" and surface form "virtues" in a specific context. The context discusses political brands: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action". Here, "virtues" refers to the positive qualities or advantages of private markets contrasted with the vices of public action. Let's evaluate candidate senses:

1. virtue%1:07:01:: "the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong" (moral excellence). This is a general moral sense, but the context contrasts virtues of private markets with vices of public action; it's not about moral rightness in a personal sense, but about desirable attributes or benefits.

2. virtue%1:07:03:: "any admirable quality or attribute" (merit). This fits: "virtues of private markets" meaning the merits, admirable qualities, or beneficial attributes of private markets. The example "work of great merit" supports this.

3. virtue%1:07:02:: "morality with respect to sexual relations" (chastity) - clearly not relevant.

4. virtue%1:07:04:: "a particular moral excellence" - this is more specific than sense 1, but still focuses on moral excellence, not general admirable qualities.

The context uses "virtues" in a comparative sense, listing the positive aspects of private markets. It's about merits, not moral excellence. Sense 2 is the most appropriate.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: private
Target surface form: private
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of <t>private</t> markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=private%3:00:00:: | definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy | examples=a private place; private discussions
2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00 | definition=concerning things deeply private and personal | examples=private correspondence; private family matters
3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=individual | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath
4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=secret | examples=secret (or private) thoughts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "private" and its surface form "private" in a specific context. We need to choose the best indexed sense among four candidate senses. The context is about a political theory explaining voting behavior. The relevant part: "the virtues of <t>private</t> markets over the vices of public action" and later "the pursuit of private interest." The target is "private" modifying "markets" and then "private interest." The sense here relates to markets that are not controlled by the government, i.e., private as opposed to governmental/public. Let's analyze each candidate:

1. sense_key=private%3:00:00:: | definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy | examples=a private place; private discussions. This sense is about privacy, seclusion, limited access. "Private markets" could mean markets that are not open to the public? But in economic terms, "private markets" typically refer to markets not controlled by the government, i.e., the private sector. That sense is more about ownership/control by non-governmental entities. This sense 1 focuses on privacy, like a private place or private discussions. It doesn't fit "private markets" well because markets are generally not "confined to particular persons" in the privacy sense; it's about non-state.

2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00 | definition=concerning things deeply private and personal | examples=private correspondence; private family matters. That is about intimate, personal matters, like family secrets. Not relevant to markets.

3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=individual | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath. This emphasizes individual as opposed to shared. "Private bath" means for one person's use. "Private markets" might imply individual markets? That doesn't quite fit.

4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=secret | examples=secret (or private) thoughts. That is about unexpressed thoughts, secret. Not relevant.

None of these exactly capture the economic sense of "private" as in "private sector." Possibly the first sense could be stretched: "confined to particular persons or groups" might be interpreted as not open to the general public, like a private club. But in economics, "private markets" means those where transactions are between private individuals/firms, as opposed to government intervention. WordNet might have a separate sense for "private" as "not governmental" which is often listed as a separate sense. Let's check if there is any other sense that might be indexed. But we are limited to these four. Maybe sense 1 is the closest: "confined to particular persons or groups" could mean not accessible to the general public, hence not public/governmental. But the example "a private place" implies a location not open to all. "Private markets" could be seen as markets that are not public (i.e., not operated by the government). However, "private discussions" suggests secret or confidential, not necessarily non-governmental. The synonyms for sense 1 might include "restricted" etc. Let's examine the sense keys: sense 1 is a core adjective, sense 2 and 3 are relational adjectives (type 5), sense 4 is also relational. Sense 1 is the most generic. Given the context "the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action," it is clearly the contrast between private (non-governmental) and public (governmental). So we need the sense that means "not governmental; belonging to or carried out by individuals or groups for their own benefit rather than by the state." That is often WordNet sense: "private (vs. public)" in the first sense? Actually, WordNet's primary sense for "private" as an adjective often includes "confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy" and may also be the opposite of "public" in some contexts. But "public" as an adjective has many senses; "private" vs. "public" in the economic sense is about private sector vs. public sector. Let's see if any of these candidate senses explicitly capture that. None of the definitions mention "not governmental." However, sense 1 "confined to particular persons or groups" can be contrasted with "public" as in open to all. In the phrase "private markets," it implies markets that are not state-controlled, i.e., restricted to private actors rather than open to government intervention. So I think sense 1 is the most appropriate. The other senses are clearly off-topic: personal matters, individual baths, secret thoughts.

Thus, we select sense_index 1.

But we must be careful: sometimes WordNet has a separate sense for "private" meaning "not governmental or state-controlled" (e.g., "private industry"). In WordNet 3.0, the adjective "private" has several senses: 1. confined to particular persons or groups... (antonym public? In many cases, public vs. private refers to accessibility). But there is also sense: "concerning things deeply private and personal" (sense 2 above), sense 3: "concerning one person exclusively" (individual), sense 4: "not expressed" (secret). Actually, WordNet often lists a sense "private" as "of or concerning a large group of people as opposed to an individual" something? Wait, that's "public". The antonyms: "public" vs. "private" for sense 1 is "public" meaning open to all. So "private markets" would be the opposite of "public markets", i.e., not open to government intervention. So sense 1 fits best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: market
Target surface form: markets
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private <t>markets</t> over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "markets" in the given context. The target lemma is "market", and surface form is "markets". Context: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action". Here, "private markets" refers to economic markets, the system of buying and selling, not a specific physical marketplace like a grocery store or a town market. The context contrasts private markets with public action, so it's about the economic system where goods and services are exchanged privately. It's not about customers for a product (sense 2), nor securities markets specifically (sense 4), nor a physical grocery market (sense 3) or town marketplace (sense 5). Sense 1: "the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold", synonyms: marketplace. Example: "without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace". That fits perfectly: "private markets" means the system of private commercial activity. So sense 1 is best.

Now, returning JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vice
Target surface form: vices
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the <t>vices</t> of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vice%1:07:00:: | definition=moral weakness | synonyms=frailty
2. sense_key=vice%1:04:00:: | definition=a specific form of evildoing | examples=vice offends the moral standards of the community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the target word "vices" in the given context. The context contrasts a Republican brand that believes in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action. So "vices" here is opposite to virtues, meaning flaws, evils, or negative aspects. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=vice%1:07:00:: | definition=moral weakness | synonyms=frailty
2. sense_key=vice%1:04:00:: | definition=a specific form of evildoing | examples=vice offends the moral standards of the community

In context, "vices of public action" likely means the negative, harmful aspects of public action, not just personal moral weakness. Sense 2 is about a specific form of evildoing, which fits better as a general negative feature. Sense 1 is more about personal frailty. The context is political, comparing two ideologies. "Vices" here are contrasted with "virtues," so it's about the bad/evil aspects. Sense 2 seems more appropriate: a specific form of evildoing, i.e., public action has its own forms of evildoing. Sense 1 is too narrow, focusing on moral weakness of character. So I'll choose sense 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of <t>public</t> action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "public" in the given context. The target is "public" in the phrase "public action" and later "public intervention". The context contrasts Republican and Democratic brands: Republican believes in minimalist state and virtues of private markets over vices of public action; Democratic believes in big government and public intervention. So "public" here refers to government action or action concerning the people as a whole, not private. Both candidate senses are similar. Sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole". Examples: "the public good; public libraries". Sense 2: "affecting the people or community as a whole". Note: The wordnet sense 2 is an adjective satellite, and the definition says "affecting the people or community as a whole". Synonym: "community". Examples: "community leaders; community interests".

In this context, "public action" means action taken by the government or on behalf of the community, as opposed to private market actions. It is "concerning the people as a whole" and "not private". Sense 1 seems more directly about being open to or concerning the people as a whole. Sense 2 is more about affecting the community. The phrase "public action" likely means actions by the government (public sector). The adjective "public" here is used to contrast with "private". In WordNet, sense 1 is a basic adjective sense, and it is the more general one: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole". Sense 2 is an adjective satellite derived from "community", which might be more about affecting the community. But in this political context, "public action" is clearly government action, which is not private. So sense 1 is a perfect fit: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole". The examples include "public good", which is similar to the phrase "public action". I'll choose sense 1.

Thus, {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: action
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public <t>action</t>, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the context: "public <t>action</t>". The target is "public action". Looking at the context: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest." So "public action" is contrasted with private markets, and it's about government intervention. This is about governmental or collective action. Sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization" with examples: "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action..." That fits perfectly: public action = action by the government. Other senses: sense 1 is general "something done", but sense 9 is more specific to government actions. Sense 9's definition: "an act by a government body or supranational organization" and example mentions "federal action". So sense 9 is the best.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a <t>Democratic</t> brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "Democratic" in context. The target is "Democratic" capitalized. The context mentions two political brands: Republican and Democratic. It talks about parties, elections, congressional seats, etc. Clearly it refers to the Democratic Party. Sense 2 is exactly that: "belong to or relating to the Democratic Party". Sense 1 is about democracy principles, sense 3 is about being popular or appealing to the people. Capitalized "Democratic" strongly indicates the party. So sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brand
Target surface form: brand
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic <t>brand</t> that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain | examples=And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard | synonyms=sword, blade, steel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "brand" with the surface form "brand" in the given context. We have 6 candidate senses. We need to choose the single best indexed sense.

Context: The text discusses political parties as "brands" that voters can "buy" when selecting political agents. Specifically: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state... and a Democratic brand that believes in big government..." So here, "brand" is used metaphorically to refer to a type of political party with a certain ideology, a kind of "make" or recognizable type. That corresponds to sense 2: "a recognizable kind", synonyms "make", examples: "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?" This fits perfectly. Sense 1 is about a name given to a product or service (trade name, brand name). While political parties are sometimes referred to as brands in a marketing sense, the context emphasizes the ideological kind (minimalist state vs. big government), so it's more about a recognizable kind rather than just a name. Sense 3 (burn mark), 4 (firebrand), 5 (stigma), 6 (sword) are clearly not applicable.

Thus, the best index is 2.

Answer in JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in <t>public</t> intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose between two candidate senses for "public" in the context. The target is "public intervention". The options:

1. public%3:00:00:: meaning "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" with examples "the public good; public libraries".
2. public%5:00:00:common:02 meaning "affecting the people or community as a whole" with examples "community leaders; community interests".

Context: "a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Here, "public intervention" refers to government intervention on behalf of the public, as opposed to private action. It's about actions taken by the government for the public good. The sense "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" fits well: public intervention contrasts with private markets, so it's intervention that is public (by the government) rather than private. The second sense, "affecting the people or community as a whole" is similar but is an adjective that describes something that has an effect on the community. Both could work, but the first seems more direct: public intervention is intervention that is public, not private, concerning the people as a whole. The synonyms for sense 1: not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole. Sense 2: affecting the people or community as a whole. The examples for sense 1: "the public good; public libraries" – public good is similar to public interest here. Sense 2: "community leaders; community interests" – community is a bit more local. In the context, "public intervention" is specifically about government action to remedy private excesses, so it's intervention that is public in nature. I think sense 1 is best.

Check: WordNet 3.0 has sense 1 as adjective "public" meaning "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole". Sense 2 might be a different part of speech? But both are labeled as %3:00:00 and %5:00:00 respectively. Sense key format: %3 means adjective, all senses; %5 means adjective, satellite. So sense 2 is a satellite adjective. The definitions are close, but sense 1 is more about being public vs. private, sense 2 about effect. In the phrase "public intervention", it's an attributive adjective modifying intervention, and it means intervention by the public sector/government, i.e., not private. So sense 1 is more precise.

Thus, choose sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: intervention
Target surface form: intervention
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public <t>intervention</t> to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=intervention%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.) | synonyms=intercession | examples=it occurs without human intervention
2. sense_key=intervention%1:10:00:: | definition=a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries | synonyms=interference
3. sense_key=intervention%1:04:03:: | definition=the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others | synonyms=interposition
4. sense_key=intervention%1:04:01:: | definition=(law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit already in progress; admission of person not an original party to the suit so that person can protect some right or interest that is allegedly affected by the proceedings | examples=the purpose of intervention is to prevent unnecessary duplication of lawsuits
5. sense_key=intervention%1:04:02:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=treatment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "intervention" in a specific context. The context discusses a political theory about American voting behavior. It contrasts Republican and Democratic brands. The Republican brand is described as believing in minimalist state and private markets. The Democratic brand is described as believing in "big government and in public <t>intervention</t> to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest." So "public intervention" here refers to government action to correct market failures or excesses from private interests. It's about government involvement in the economy or society.

Now we need to choose the best indexed sense among the candidates. Let's examine them:

1. sense_key=intervention%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.) | synonyms=intercession | examples=it occurs without human intervention
2. sense_key=intervention%1:10:00:: | definition=a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries | synonyms=interference
3. sense_key=intervention%1:04:03:: | definition=the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others | synonyms=interposition
4. sense_key=intervention%1:04:01:: | definition=(law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit already in progress; admission of person not an original party to the suit so that person can protect some right or interest that is allegedly affected by the proceedings | examples=the purpose of intervention is to prevent unnecessary duplication of lawsuits
5. sense_key=intervention%1:04:02:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=treatment

The context is clearly not about mediating disputes (sense 1), though it is an act of intervening. But sense 1's example is "it occurs without human intervention" which is very generic. The definition says "as to mediate a dispute" which is not the case here. The intervention is public (government) intervention to remedy excesses of private interest. That's not mediation.

Sense 2 is about foreign policy, intervening in other countries' affairs. Not relevant.

Sense 3 is about interposing one thing between others. That's more physical or spatial; not abstract policy.

Sense 4 is legal intervention in a lawsuit. Not relevant.

Sense 5 is medical treatment or care. Not relevant.

None of the senses directly mention government intervention in the economy. But sense 1 is the most general: "the act of intervening" and it gives a broad example "it occurs without human intervention." The synonyms "intercession" suggests mediation, but the gloss might be broader. However, the phrase "public intervention" in the context refers to government action to correct market failures. That is an act of intervening. It is not necessarily mediation; it's more like interference. But sense 2 is about foreign countries. So perhaps sense 1 is the closest as a general act of intervening. But we should check if there's a sense that fits better. Sometimes WordNet has political or economic senses. But here candidates are limited. Sense 1 seems best. However, note that "intervention" in economics is often a specific concept, but in this list, it's not explicitly present. So I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, the chosen sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remedy
Target surface form: remedy
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to <t>remedy</t> the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remedy%2:30:00:: | definition=set straight or right | synonyms=rectify, remediate, repair, amend | examples=remedy these deficiencies; rectify the inequities in salaries
2. sense_key=remedy%2:29:00:: | definition=provide relief for | synonyms=relieve | examples=remedy his illness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word 'remedy' in context." The context uses "remedy" as a verb: "public intervention to <t>remedy</t> the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest." So here, "remedy" means to fix or correct the excesses. The candidate senses:
1. definition=set straight or right, synonyms=rectify, remediate, repair, amend. Example: remedy these deficiencies.
2. definition=provide relief for, synonyms=relieve. Example: remedy his illness.

In context, it's about fixing or correcting "excesses" (i.e., problems). That aligns with sense 1: "set straight or right". It's not about providing relief from an illness; it's about correcting a problem. So sense 1 is correct. The instruction says: Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3} but here the indices are 1 and 2? The sense_key includes "remedy%2:30:00::" and "remedy%2:29:00::". The numbered senses: 1 and 2. So answer with the index number. So {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: excess
Target surface form: excesses
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the <t>excesses</t> attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=excess%1:07:02:: | definition=a quantity much larger than is needed | synonyms=surplus, surplusage, nimiety
2. sense_key=excess%1:07:00:: | definition=immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits | synonyms=excessiveness, inordinateness
3. sense_key=excess%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being more than full | synonyms=surfeit, overabundance
4. sense_key=excess%1:04:00:: | definition=excessive indulgence | synonyms=overindulgence | examples=the child was spoiled by overindulgence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: Target lemma: excess, target surface form: excesses. Context: "... a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest." So "excesses" refers to negative consequences, likely excessive behaviors or outcomes from pursuing private interest.

Candidate senses:
1. quantity much larger than needed (synonyms: surplus, surplusage, nimiety)
2. immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits (synonyms: excessiveness, inordinateness)
3. the state of being more than full (synonyms: surfeit, overabundance)
4. excessive indulgence (synonyms: overindulgence) with example: "the child was spoiled by overindulgence"

In context: "remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest." This suggests harmful excesses, like abuses or overindulgences. Sense 4 is about excessive indulgence, which can be a negative trait. Sense 2 is about immoderation. Both could fit, but we need to choose one.

Sense 2: immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits. That seems broad: excessiveness, inordinateness. Sense 4: excessive indulgence, more specific to indulging oneself. The context is about "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest." Pursuing private interest could lead to excesses like greed, overindulgence, etc. The synonyms and example for sense 4 might be closer: "overindulgence" fits with spoiling a child, but here it's about broader socio-economic excesses. Often, "excesses of capitalism" refers to abuses, extreme behaviors. Sense 2 is about general immoderation, going beyond limits. Sense 4 is about indulgence. I think sense 2 is broader and fits better: "remedy the excesses" meaning to fix the instances of going beyond limits, excessiveness. Also, the target word is plural "excesses", which often refers to instances of excessive behavior. Sense 4 is often uncountable (excessive indulgence) but plural "overindulgences" would be instances. The example for sense 4 is singular: "the child was spoiled by overindulgence." The context uses plural. But both could be plural.

Let's examine the glosses more carefully:
Sense 2: immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits. Synonyms: excessiveness, inordinateness. This captures the idea of going beyond acceptable limits, which is what I think "excesses" means here: the acts of overstepping limits in pursuit of private interest.
Sense 4: excessive indulgence. This is more about self-gratification, which might be part of it, but the "pursuit of private interest" could lead to many kinds of excess, not just indulgence.

I'll go with sense 2.

Thus JSON: {"sense_index": 2}