[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main <t>study</t> in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to find the best sense for "study" in the given context. The target is "study" as a noun, appearing in: "Alimta has been studied in one main <t>study</t> in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects...". This is clearly a clinical trial or research study, where a group of patients is examined to see the effects of a drug. So "study" here refers to a detailed investigation, a piece of research, often reported in a document. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. study%1:04:00:: "a detailed critical inspection" | synonyms=survey. This can fit, as a study is a detailed inspection/investigation. But it's a bit general; we often use "study" for a research project.

3. study%1:10:00:: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale. This sense is specifically about a written document. In the context, "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients..." - here, "study" could refer to the research project itself, or the document reporting it. Often in medical literature, "study" can refer to the clinical trial, which is a detailed investigation, and also the resulting report. The example "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" shows a written report sense. But the phrase "in one main study in 456 patients" suggests the actual research, not just the document. It's the investigation involving 456 patients.

2. study%1:09:03:: "applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading)" - synonyms=work. That's more like studying as a learning activity, not a research project.

4. study%1:09:04:: "a state of deep mental absorption" - not relevant.

5. study%1:06:00:: "a room used for reading and writing and studying" - not relevant.

6. study%1:09:02:: "a branch of knowledge" - not relevant.

7. study%1:06:01:: "preliminary drawing for later elaboration" - not relevant.

8. study%1:09:01:: "attentive consideration and meditation" - not relevant.

9. study%1:18:00:: "someone who memorizes quickly" - not relevant.

10. study%1:10:01:: "a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique" - not relevant.

So we are between sense 1 and sense 3. Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" (survey). Sense 3: "a written document describing findings". In the context, "Alimta has been studied in one main study..." - the word "study" is the object of "in", referring to the research. It's a count noun: "one main study". It could be the research project itself, not necessarily the document. Often, when we say "a study of 456 patients", we mean the investigation. However, in scientific writing, "study" often refers to the research and its published report. The example for sense 3 is "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" - that can be interpreted as the published report. But it's still the same thing. The context: "How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment... Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients..." Here, they talk about the process of studying. So the "study" is the research activity, not just the document. Sense 1 (detailed critical inspection) is more about the act of examining, but it can also refer to the project. The synonym "survey" fits. However, in WordNet, sense 1 is often used for studies like surveys, but it's a general sense. Sense 3 is specifically the written document. The context doesn't emphasize the writing aspect; it emphasizes the patients and the comparison. So I think sense 1 is more appropriate. But let's check WordNet definitions more: sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" - this could be a study as an investigation. Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings..." - that's a report. In medical contexts, "study" often means the clinical trial, which is a detailed inspection. So I'd go with sense 1. However, sometimes "study" is used interchangeably with "trial", which is a research activity. So sense 1.

But let's see the examples: sense 3 example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" - that could be a report. The context: "Alimta has been studied in one main study..." - the word "study" here is the research itself, not just the report. They might say "the study was published" referring to the document, but here it's "studied in one main study", which is a bit of a repetition: "Alimta has been studied in one main study..." meaning the research. It is more like sense 1.

Sense 1 synonyms: survey. That fits. Sense 3 synonyms: report, written report. If the sentence said "According to a recent study...", that would be sense 3. But here it's "in one main study in 456 patients", which is about the research. So I'll choose sense 1.

But we should consider whether sense 1 is truly for such clinical studies. Sense 1: study%1:04:00:: - this is likely the most common sense for "study" as in "research study". I'll go with that.

If we check the number: sense 1 is index 1. So answer would be {"sense_index": 1}.

But let's confirm by re-reading: "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients..." - the "study" is the investigation, not the document. The document is the EPAR, summary of product characteristics, etc. The "study" is the clinical trial. So sense 1: detailed critical inspection. Yes.

Thus, I'll return {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The target lemma is "patient", surface form "patients". Context: medical trial description: "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before." Clearly, "patients" refers to people receiving medical care. Sense 1 is "a person who requires medical care", which matches perfectly. Sense 2 is a linguistic term, not applicable. So, answer should be sense_index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease <t>before</t>. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "before" in the given context. The context: "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease <t>before</t>." The target is "before". The two candidate senses are:

1. "earlier in time; previously" (synonyms: earlier, examples: I had known her before; as I said before)
2. "at or in the front" (synonyms: ahead, in front, examples: I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy)

In the context, "before" modifies the relative clause "who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before". It indicates that the patients had not received chemotherapy earlier (previously). It's about time, not about physical position. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effect
Target surface form: effects
Context:
How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The <t>effects</t> of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: | definition=an outward appearance | synonyms=impression | examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success
3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: | definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived) | examples=he just did it for effect
4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist
5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a law) having legal validity | synonyms=force | examples=the law is still in effect
6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug | examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "effect" and target surface form "effects". The context is about a medicine (Alimta) and its study. The sentence: "The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone." And further: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel..." Here, "effects" clearly refers to the outcomes or results of the treatment, i.e., what the drug does or causes, such as therapeutic results, side effects, etc. It's about the consequence of administering the drug. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. effect%1:19:00: a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; synonyms: consequence, outcome, result. This fits well: the effects of Alimta are the outcomes (like tumor shrinkage, survival, etc.) that follow from the treatment.

6. effect%1:26:00: a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; examples: "the effects of sleep loss", "the effect of the anesthetic". This could also be relevant since drug effects can include symptoms (side effects). But in the context, they are studying the drug's effects in treating cancer, likely efficacy measures like response rates, not just symptoms. The phrase "effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone" suggests they are comparing outcomes (e.g., survival time, tumor response), which are consequences or results of the treatment. In medical studies, "effects" often encompass both efficacy and side effects, but the primary outcome is usually the beneficial effect. The broader sense 1 (consequence/outcome) is more general and appropriate. Sense 6 is specifically a "symptom" caused by a drug, which is more narrow. The examples for sense 6: "the effects of sleep loss" implies symptoms, but the study likely looked at overall outcomes. So sense 1 is better.

Other senses: 2 (outward appearance), 3 (artificial impression), 4 (central meaning), 5 (legal validity) are clearly not applicable.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 1.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were <t>compared</t> with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are tasked with choosing the best indexed sense for "compared" in the given context. The context is from a medical text discussing studies comparing treatments. The sentence: "The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone." and later "the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel ...". This is clearly about examining similarities or differences in effects, i.e., a direct comparison of outcomes. The candidate senses:

1. examine and note the similarities or differences of (examples: John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes...)
2. be comparable (examples: This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes)
3. consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous (synonyms: liken, equate; examples: We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success...)
4. to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb (irrelevant)

In the context, they are comparing the effects of one treatment combination versus another treatment alone. That is examining differences (or similarities) in effects. So sense 1 is appropriate. Sense 2 "be comparable" is intransitive, often used in phrases like "does not compare with", but here "compared" is used in a passive construction "were compared with", which indicates an active comparison. The structure "A was compared with B" aligns with sense 1: they examined similarities/differences. Sense 3 is about likening or equating, which is not the case here; they are not saying the effects are similar, just comparing them. So sense 1 is best.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the <t>treatment</t> of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "treatment" in the given context. The context is: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared..." The word is used in a medical context, referring to the use of a medicine for a disease. The candidate senses are:

1. care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury). Synonyms: intervention.
2. the management of someone or something. Synonyms: handling. Examples: the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage.
3. a manner of dealing with something artistically. Examples: his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture.
4. an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic. Synonyms: discussion, discourse. Examples: the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased.

Clearly, sense 1 is the most appropriate: it specifically mentions medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness or injury. The context is about treating cancer with a drug. Sense 2 is about management, like handling prisoners or water sewage, not medical treatment. Sense 3 is about artistic treatment. Sense 4 is about a discussion or discourse. So the best sense is 1.

Return JSON object with sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "cell" in the given context. The context is from a medical text about a drug called Alimta, used for treating malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The target is "cell" in the phrase "non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer". So we need to choose the best indexed sense for "cell" in this specific phrase.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. any small compartment (examples: cells of a honeycomb)
2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms...
3. a device that delivers an electric current...
4. a small unit serving as part of a larger political movement
5. a hand-held mobile radiotelephone...
6. small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. a room where a prisoner is kept

The context is clearly biological/medical: "non-small cell lung cancer". This refers to a type of lung cancer, where "cell" refers to the biological unit. Specifically, "non-small cell" refers to the type of cells that are cancerous. So the correct sense is sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals."

Thus, the answer is sense index 2.

We output a JSON object with the sense_index as 2.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effect
Target surface form: effects
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the <t>effects</t> of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: | definition=an outward appearance | synonyms=impression | examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success
3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: | definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived) | examples=he just did it for effect
4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist
5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a law) having legal validity | synonyms=force | examples=the law is still in effect
6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug | examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "effect" and surface form "effects" in a specific context. The context is about a medical study comparing Alimta (pemetrexed) with other drugs. The sentence: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the <t>effects</t> of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel..." Here, "effects" refers to the outcomes or results of the treatment, i.e., what the drug does in terms of efficacy or side effects, but primarily the therapeutic outcome. We need to choose the best sense among the provided options.

Let's review each sense:

1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot; examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business. This sense seems to capture the outcome or result of an action. In the medical context, "effects" of a drug are the consequences of taking it, which could be therapeutic effects or side effects. This seems very relevant.

2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: definition=an outward appearance; synonyms=impression; examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success. This is about appearance, not relevant to drug effects.

3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); examples=he just did it for effect. This is about a deliberate impression, not relevant.

4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work; synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: definition=(of a law) having legal validity; synonyms=force; examples=the law is still in effect. Not relevant.

6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic. This sense explicitly mentions "a symptom caused by an illness or a drug". In the medical context, "effects" of a drug often refer to the symptoms or outcomes it produces, both therapeutic and adverse. The example "the effect of the anesthetic" is typical. The sentence "The effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel" could be interpreted as the outcomes or symptoms (like side effects or therapeutic effects) produced by each drug. This sense is also highly relevant.

We need to decide between sense 1 and sense 6. Both are plausible. Sense 1 is broader: a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon, which could include any outcome. Sense 6 is specifically a symptom caused by a drug. In medical studies, when comparing drug effects, they typically look at efficacy (like tumor response, survival) and safety (side effects). These are all consequences of the drug. The phrase "effects of Alimta" is used in a clinical trial context, comparing the outcomes of two treatments. Both senses are close, but sense 6 explicitly mentions "a symptom caused by an illness or a drug", which is very specific. However, in medical terminology, "effects" might not be limited to symptoms; it's broader. The definition of sense 6 says "a symptom caused by an illness or a drug". Symptoms are often patient-reported or observed signs, but in oncology, effects might include tumor shrinkage or progression-free survival, which are not necessarily symptoms. Yet the example "the effect of the anesthetic" is about the outcome of anesthesia, which might be unconsciousness, not necessarily a symptom. The word "symptom" might be a bit limiting. Sense 1's definition "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" is more general and could encompass all outcomes. Looking at the synonyms: consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot. In a medical trial, they compare outcomes/results. So sense 1 seems to fit perfectly.

Let's check the context again: "The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone." and "the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel". They are talking about the results of the treatments. This is exactly sense 1.

Sense 6 is specifically about symptoms, but a clinical trial often examines efficacy endpoints like overall survival, which are not exactly symptoms. So sense 1 is broader and likely a better fit.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were <t>compared</t> with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "compare" in the form "compared" in a specific sentence. The context: "...the effects of Alimta were <t>compared</t> with those of docetaxel...". The candidate senses are:

1. examine and note the similarities or differences of. Example: John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie.
2. be comparable. Example: This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes.
3. consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous; liken, equate. Example: We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed.
4. to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb.

The context is a medical study where the effects of one drug are compared with those of another. This clearly involves examining and noting similarities or differences, not merely saying one is comparable (sense 2 is intransitive, no object). Sense 3 implies likening or equating, which is not the case in a scientific comparison. Sense 4 is irrelevant. The phrase "compared with" is commonly used in studies to mean examining differences. Sense 1 fits perfectly.

Thus the answer is sense 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "medicine" in the context: "Alimta was compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine)". The candidate senses are:
1. medical specialty (the field of medicine)
2. medication, medicament, medicinal drug (something that treats or prevents disease)
3. practice of medicine (the profession)
4. punishment for one's actions (take your medicine)

The context clearly refers to a drug used to treat cancer. "Anticancer medicine" means a medication that fights cancer. Thus, the correct sense is 2, which is about something that treats or prevents disease, i.e., a drug. The synonym "medication" fits perfectly. So the answer is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one <t>study</t> involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "study" with surface form "study" and a context. We need to choose the best indexed sense among the 10 options. The context is about a clinical trial of a drug (Alimta). The target word appears in: "For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one <t>study</t> involving 571 patients..." So, "study" refers to a clinical investigation or a research study involving patients. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey. This could be a possibility, like a survey study. But in medical context, "study" often means a clinical trial, which is a specific type of study. This sense is more general, like "a careful examination or investigation."

2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design. This is about the act of studying (learning), not a research study.

3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale. This refers to a published report or paper. In the context, "in one study involving 571 patients" could be referring to the research project itself, but sometimes "study" is used metonymically for the report. However, the context says "studied" earlier: "How has Alimta been studied? ... Alimta has been studied in one main study..." That suggests the activity or process of conducting research. The phrase "in one study involving 571 patients" points to the research endeavor, not just the written document. But the word "study" can refer to the research project. Sense 3 is a written document. Sense 1 is a detailed critical inspection. Which one fits better?

4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room. Not relevant.

6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge. Not relevant.

7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing. Not relevant.

8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation. Not relevant.

9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly. Not relevant.

10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique. Not relevant.

So the plausible ones are 1 and 3. Sense 1: a detailed critical inspection. Sense 3: a written document. In the phrase "in one study involving 571 patients," it likely refers to the clinical trial itself. Clinical trials are often referred to as "studies." They involve detailed inspection of the drug's effects. But is it primarily a "detailed critical inspection" or a "written document"? The phrase "in one study" typically refers to the research project, not the report. For example, "in a study of patients" means the research conducted. Sense 1 seems closer: a survey, an investigation. However, in WordNet, sense 1 is often used for "a systematic investigation to establish facts" kind of study. But the definition says "a detailed critical inspection." That could cover a clinical study. Let's check the synonyms: "survey" suggests a broad investigation. The example given is not medical, but it's a general sense. Sense 3 is specifically a written report. If I say "I read a study," that would be sense 3. But here, "in one study involving 571 patients" – the study is the thing that involves patients, so it's the research activity, not the document. The document doesn't involve patients; the research does. So sense 1 is more appropriate.

Also, note that in the same paragraph, they say: "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients..." So they use "study" to refer to the clinical trial. That reinforces sense 1.

Therefore, I'll choose sense 1.

Now, output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study <t>involving</t> 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "involve" with surface form "involving" in the given context. The context is: "The effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study <t>involving</t> 571 patients..." and later "in a study involving 1,725 patients". So "involving" is used as a present participle meaning the study included or encompassed those patients. We need to select the best sense from the provided list.

Let's analyze each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
   This sense means to connect closely, often with negative connotation (incriminatingly). It doesn't fit here because the study is not "connecting closely and incriminatingly" with patients.

2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
   This means to engage someone as a participant, like "involve someone in something". In the context, the study is involving patients, i.e., the patients are participants in the study. That might fit: "involving 571 patients" means the study engaged 571 patients as participants. This sense seems plausible.

3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
   This means something necessarily includes something else. In the context, the study involved 571 patients, meaning it had 571 patients as a necessary feature or component. That could also fit: the study had the participation of 571 patients as a feature.

4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
   This means to require something. E.g., "Success involves hard work" = requires. In the context, a study involving 571 patients doesn't mean it requires them; it means it included them. This sense doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
   This means to contain as a part. The study involved 571 patients, meaning the study contained 571 patients as participants. This is very similar to sense 3 (have as a necessary feature) but more about containing as a part. The example shows "Dinner involves six courses" means dinner includes six courses. That fits well: a study involving N patients means the study includes N patients as part of its makeup.

6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
   This is about engaging someone's interest. Doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved
   This is about making something complex. Doesn't fit.

So the main contenders are sense 2 (engage as a participant), sense 3 (have as a necessary feature), and sense 5 (contain as a part). The difference: sense 2 is actively engaging someone as a participant, like getting them involved. In the study, the patients are enrolled; the study involves them. That sense often implies an action: "Don't involve me" means don't make me a participant. In passive or present participle, "involving" might be neutral. Sense 5: "contain as a part" - the study contains patients as part of its design. Sense 3: "have as a necessary feature" - the study necessarily has these patients. Both 3 and 5 are similar.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 3: "This decision involves many changes" - the decision has many changes as a necessary feature.
- Sense 5: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" - dinner contains six courses as a part.

In the context: "in one study involving 571 patients" and "in a study involving 1,725 patients". The study is an event that includes patients as subjects. It's a common usage in scientific writing to say "a study involving X patients" meaning the study had X patients as participants. Synonym "contain as a part" might be a bit off because patients aren't "contained" in the study like courses in a dinner; they are participants. Sense 2: "engage as a participant" fits the idea that the study engaged patients. However, the verb "involve" in the sense of "engage as a participant" is usually used with a person as object, like "involve someone in something". In "a study involving 571 patients", the study is the subject, and it is involving patients. The patients are the object being involved. That aligns with sense 2: the study engages 571 patients as participants.

Sense 3 also plausible: the study has as a necessary feature the participation of 571 patients. But sense 2 seems more directly about making someone a participant. The WordNet definitions:
- 2: (engage as a participant) - "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" — here, "involve" means to cause a person to participate. In a study, the study involves patients because it causes them to be participants.
- 3: (have as a necessary feature) — This decision involves many changes. Here, the decision doesn't "engage" changes; it necessarily features them. In a study, patients are not just a feature; they are active participants. Though one could argue a study necessarily has participants.

Let's check typical usage: "a study involving 500 patients" is standard. If we replace "involve" with a synonym: "a study engaging 500 patients" sounds a bit odd (though "enroll" might be better). "A study containing 500 patients" sounds odd too; we say "a study of 500 patients" or "including". But "contain as a part" for patients seems less natural. Sense 2 specifically mentions "engage as a participant", which is exactly what a study does with subjects: it engages them as participants.

Also, consider the other occurrence in the text: "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients" — they use "in" not "involving", but later "involving" is used with number. This is a standard phrase.

I'll go with sense 2: engage as a participant.

Let's double-check sense 2's example: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" That is a request not to make someone a participant. So the sense is about making someone a participant. In our context, the study makes 571 patients participants. That is precisely the meaning.

Thus, the best sense index is 2.

The answer should be in JSON format: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 <t>patients</t> with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "patients" in the given context. The context is about clinical trials for cancer drugs, so "patients" refers to people receiving medical care or participating in studies. Sense 1 defines patient as "a person who requires medical care" with example "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly". Sense 2 is a linguistic role, not applicable here. Therefore, sense 1 is clearly correct.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: locally
Target surface form: locally
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with <t>locally</t> advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=locally%4:02:00:: | definition=by a particular locality | examples=it was locally decided
2. sense_key=locally%4:02:01:: | definition=to a restricted area of the body | synonyms=topically | examples=apply this medicine topically

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "locally advanced or metastatic disease" in the context of lung cancer. The target word is "locally". The candidate senses:
1. by a particular locality (e.g., it was locally decided)
2. to a restricted area of the body (synonym: topically) (e.g., apply this medicine topically)

In medical contexts, "locally advanced" means the disease has spread within the region of the primary site but not to distant parts. That aligns with sense 2: to a restricted area of the body. So it's sense 2.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advanced
Target surface form: advanced
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally <t>advanced</t> or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:precocious:00 | definition=farther along in physical or mental development | examples=the child's skeletal age was classified as `advanced'; children in the advanced classes in elementary school read far above grade average
2. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:02 | definition=comparatively late in a course of development | examples=the illness had reached an advanced stage; an advanced state of exhaustion
3. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:progressive:01 | definition=ahead of the times | synonyms=forward-looking, innovative, modern | examples=the advanced teaching methods; had advanced views on the subject
4. sense_key=advanced%5:00:02:high:02 | definition=at a higher level in training or knowledge or skill | examples=an advanced degree; an advanced text in physics
5. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:high-tech:00 | definition=ahead in development; complex or intricate | synonyms=sophisticated | examples=advanced technology; a sophisticated electronic control system
6. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:00 | definition=far along in time | synonyms=ripe | examples=a man of advanced age; advanced in years
7. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:civilized:00 | definition=(of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry | examples=advanced societies; an advanced country technologically
8. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:front:00 | definition=situated ahead or going before | synonyms=advance, in advance | examples=an advance party; at that time the most advanced outpost was still east of the Rockies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "advanced" and surface form "advanced" in a context about cancer treatment. The sentence: "The effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally <t>advanced</t> or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past." So "advanced" modifies "disease" (locally advanced disease). In medical context, "locally advanced" means the disease has progressed locally but not necessarily metastasized. So sense 2: "comparatively late in a course of development" with examples: "the illness had reached an advanced stage; an advanced state of exhaustion." That fits perfectly. Sense 1 is about physical or mental development, not disease. Sense 3 is about being ahead of the times. Sense 4 about higher level in training. Sense 5 about complexity (high-tech). Sense 6 about age. Sense 7 about societies. Sense 8 about being situated ahead. Thus, sense 2 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "past", target surface form "past", and a context. The context: "...patients who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared ... who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past." Here, "in the past" is clearly referring to a time before the present, i.e., the time that has elapsed. Sense 1: definition="the time that has elapsed", synonyms="past times, yesteryear", examples="forget the past" fits perfectly. Sense 2: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)" is more about personal history, often secret. In medical context, it's just a general time reference, not about personal secrets. Sense 3: "a verb tense" is clearly not the meaning here. So the best sense is 1. Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also <t>compared</t> with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "compare" and target surface form "compared" in a medical/scientific context. The context: "Alimta was also <t>compared</t> with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study..." So it's about comparing the effects of Alimta vs gemcitabine, or comparing treatment regimens. Specifically, they are comparing the effectiveness (survival) of Alimta + cisplatin vs gemcitabine + cisplatin. So the sense is about examining similarities or differences, specifically in a clinical trial context where they are comparing outcomes.

Now, candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

In the context, they are comparing the effects of Alimta with those of gemcitabine. That is an examination of similarities or differences (specifically, differences in effectiveness). It's not "be comparable" (sense 2, intransitive), because it's used transitively with an object: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine" – that structure fits sense 1 better. Sense 3 is "consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous" – this is like likening or equating. In a clinical trial, they are not necessarily equating; they are testing for differences. The context says "the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived" so they are comparing survival outcomes to see which is better, not to describe as similar. So sense 1 is more appropriate: examine and note similarities or differences. Sense 3 is stronger: "liken, equate" implying that the comparison is to assert similarity, not just examine differences. Here it's a scientific comparison. Sense 4 is irrelevant.

Thus, sense index 1 is correct.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "medicine" in the context: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine)". The target word is "medicine" and it appears in the phrase "another anticancer medicine". So we are looking for the sense of "medicine" as used here.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty (This is about the field of medicine, like internal medicine.)
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug (This is about a drug or remedy.)
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard (This is the profession of being a physician.)
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine (This is metaphorical, like "take your medicine" meaning accept punishment.)

In the context, "gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine)" clearly refers to a drug used to treat cancer. It is a substance that treats disease. So sense 2, "medication, medicament, medicinal drug", fits perfectly.

Thus, the best indexed sense is 2.

Now, return JSON: {"sense_index":


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target "study" in the context of a medical trial description. The context is: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."

We need to choose the best indexed sense from the list. The context clearly refers to a clinical study or trial, where patients are involved and the effectiveness is measured. So "study" here means a research investigation or a detailed examination (often with a report or as a formal project). Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey. Example: not given? It says "synonyms=survey". This could fit, but in this context, it's a specific study involving patients and comparing treatments. It's more like a clinical trial or research project.

3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale. This sense is about the document, not the process. In the context, "study" is used as an event/experiment: "in a study involving 1,725 patients". Though it could be about the document, the phrase "in a study involving" suggests the study as an investigation, not just a document. But often in medical literature, "study" can refer to the research project itself, including the report. Sense 1 is more about the inspection, sense 3 is about the written report. Let's see others.

2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning... (by reading). Not fitting.

4. deep mental absorption. Not fitting.

5. a room. Not fitting.

6. a branch of knowledge. Not fitting.

7. preliminary drawing. Not fitting.

8. attentive consideration and meditation. Not fitting.

9. someone who memorizes quickly. Not fitting.

10. a composition to develop technique. Not fitting.

So between 1 and 3. The context: "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients ... The effects of Alimta ... were compared ... in one study involving 571 patients ... Alimta was also compared ... in a study involving 1,725 patients." Here, "study" is the entire research project, often with a resulting report. Sense 1 is "detailed critical inspection", which is close, but in WordNet, sense 1 is more about a survey or a close look, not necessarily a formal research project. Sense 3 is specifically "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" – but when we say "in a study involving 1,725 patients", we are not referring to the document; we are referring to the investigation itself. However, in common usage, "study" in this context is an instance of a clinical trial, which is both an investigation and typically has a written report. The example for sense 3: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" – that could be a research paper. So in the context, "study" could be synonymous with "clinical trial" or "research project". Sense 1 might be too generic. Also, note that sense 1 is a noun in the "act" category? Sense key: study%1:04:00:: – that's noun.cognition? Actually WordNet categories: 04 is noun.act? Let's check: WordNet sense keys: the second number is the lexicographer file number. 04 is noun.act? I think in WordNet, 04 is noun.act (actions or processes). So sense 1 is an act of inspecting, while sense 10 (10:10:01) is noun.communication? 10 is noun.communication? Actually, 10 is noun.communication (written documents). So sense 3 is in noun.communication. The context "in a study involving..." is more about the act of conducting the study, so sense 1 might be more appropriate. But often in such contexts, "study" is used as a metonymy: the study as an event/process. However, the phrase "in a study" could refer to the research activity. Let's see the glosses: sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" – that sounds like a examination, not necessarily a planned experiment. Clinical trials are more than just inspecting; they involve testing, comparing, etc. Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings..." – but the sentence says "in a study involving 1,725 patients", where the study is the process, not the document. You can't have a written document involving patients; you have a research project involving patients. So sense 1 might be better.

But let's also consider that in these medical contexts, "study" often means a clinical trial, which is a specific kind of investigation. WordNet might not have a specific sense for clinical trial. However, the sense 1 "detailed critical inspection" with synonym "survey" – a survey is more like a poll or an examination of a subject, not necessarily an experiment. But "study" as a research investigation is often called a study. I think sense 1 is the closest. The example for sense 1 is not given in the prompt? It says "synonyms=survey" but no examples. That might be from WordNet. Actually, in WordNet, sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection", often used as "a study of the structure of the novel" or something. But in this context, it's a clinical study. I lean towards sense 1 because it's the act of investigating.

Alternatively, sense 3 could be if the "study" refers to the publication. But in the sentence, it's "in a study involving...", which is clearly the process, not the document. So I'll go with sense 1.

Let's double-check the WordNet senses for "study" as a noun. In WordNet 3.0, there are multiple senses. The given list appears to be from WordNet. Sense 1: (a detailed critical inspection) – that might fit. Sense 3: (a written document...) – that is also possible if they mean "in a study" as "in a paper". But the phrase "involving patients" strongly suggests the study is the trial. You don't say "a written report involving patients", you say "a study involving patients" meaning the research. So sense 1 is better.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.