[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: type
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "type" in the given context. The context is: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."

The target word is "type". The sentence says "folic acid (a type of vitamin)". Here, "type" is used to indicate that folic acid is a kind of vitamin. It's a classification: folic acid is a type of vitamin. So we need a sense that matches "a kind or category of thing".

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
   This fits: "a type of vitamin" means a subdivision of the category "vitamin". So sense 1 is appropriate.

2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
   Not about persons.

3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
   This is a technical biological sense, not applicable.

4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
   Not about printed characters.

5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
   Not about tokens.

6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up
   Not about printing.

Clearly, sense 1 is the only one that fits: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing". The phrase "a type of vitamin" uses "type" in this sense.

Thus, the best sense is index1.

provider: Together


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injections
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive <t>injections</t> of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "injections" in the context: "receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta." The candidate senses are:

1. injection%1:04:00:: "the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure"
2. injection%1:27:00:: "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" synonym: injectant
3. injection%1:04:01:: "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe" synonym: shot, example: "the nurse gave him a flu shot"

The context: patients receive injections of vitamin B12. This refers to the act of administering vitamin B12 via a syringe, so sense 3 (the act) fits best. Sense 1 is about forceful insertion under pressure, but that is more technical, and the example for sense 3 directly matches medical injection context. Sense 2 is about the solution itself, but here "injections" refers to the doses given, i.e., the act of injecting, not the liquid. The phrase "receive injections of vitamin B12" implies they are getting shots. So sense 3 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during <t>treatment</t> with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "treatment" and its context. We need to select the best sense from the four candidates. The context is about a medical treatment using the drug Alimta for chemotherapy. The sentence: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta." Clearly, "treatment" here refers to the medical care provided to the patient, i.e., the administration of the drug. Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is "management of someone or something", which is more general and not specifically medical; the examples are "the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage" – not fitting. Sense 3 is artistic treatment, not relevant. Sense 4 is a discussion or discourse, not relevant. So the best sense is 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "give" with surface form "given" in the provided context. The context is about the drug Alimta and how it is administered. The target sentence: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin..." Here, "given" means administered, as in a medical treatment. Looking at the candidate senses, sense 19 is: "give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug". That fits perfectly: administering a medication. Let's verify if any other sense might fit. Sense 1: "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense" with example "She gave him a black eye". That is more about causing someone to have something, but not specifically medicine. Sense 20: "give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose". While "First Aid" might be related to medical treatment, "Alimta" is a specific drug, so "give (as medicine)" is more precise. The context explicitly says "Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor" and "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion", clearly indicating administration of a drug. Therefore, sense 19 is the best match. The output should be a JSON object with the sense index, which is 19.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "medicine" in a specific context. The context is about Alimta (a chemotherapy drug) and its administration. The sentence with the target: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." Here, "medicine" refers to a substance used to prevent vomiting, i.e., an anti-emetic drug. So "medicine" means a medication or drug.

Now, we need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate senses.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

The context clearly uses "medicine" as a concrete noun referring to a drug (anti-emetic). Sense 2 matches: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease", synonyms include medication, medicament, medicinal drug. Sense 1 is too broad (medical specialty). Sense 3 is the profession. Sense 4 is metaphorical. So sense_index = 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "prevent" with surface form "prevent" in the context of a medical description. The context: "an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given". We need to choose between two candidate senses.

Sense 1: definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible. Synonyms: forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid. Examples: "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project"

Sense 2: definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state. Synonyms: keep. Examples: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep"

In the context, "prevent vomiting" and "prevent dehydration" are about stopping these events from happening. Vomiting is an action, dehydration is a state. The phrase "to prevent vomiting" means to stop the patient from vomiting, or to keep vomiting from occurring. The sense 2 definition says "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state." That fits: we are stopping the patient from vomiting (doing something) and stopping dehydration (a state). Sense 1 is more about making something impossible or precluding it, often with a nuance of forbidding or forestalling. In medical contexts, "prevent" typically means to take measures to stop something from occurring. Sense 2 is more direct: "stop from doing something or being in a state". The examples for sense 2 include "prevent the cancer from spreading" which is similar to preventing a condition. Also, sense 2's synonym "keep" is used in "His snoring kept me from falling asleep" which is about stopping an action. Here, "prevent vomiting" is like "keep the patient from vomiting". Sense 1's examples are more about abstract preclusion or forbidding, like "forbids an honest answer". It seems less fitting for a medical intervention that stops a physical symptom.

Thus, sense 2 is the best match.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "fluids" in the given medical context. The target lemma is "fluid", surface form "fluids". We have two candidate senses from WordNet:

1. sense 1: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" (fluid%1:27:02::)
2. sense 2: "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas" (fluid%1:27:00::)

The context: "Alimta is an anticancer drug. ... When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." Here, "fluids" refers to something given to prevent dehydration. In medical contexts, "fluids" typically means liquids administered intravenously or orally, like saline or water. Dehydration is prevented by giving liquids. So it's a liquid. Sense 1 specifies "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" — this could include liquids or gases that are fluid at room temp/pressure. Sense 2 is broader: "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow... a liquid or a gas." Both could apply, but sense 1 emphasizes being fluid at room temperature and pressure. In medical usage, the fluids given are typically liquids, not gases. And they are fluid at room temperature and pressure (like saline). Sense 2 is the general definition, but sense 1 is a specific subset that fits better: a substance that is fluid at ordinary conditions. Given the context, "fluids" is used in a medical sense meaning liquids given for hydration. I'd choose sense 1 as more precise for the context. However, note that both senses are noun senses, both are from WordNet's noun hierarchy. Sense 2 is more general (hypernym of sense 1). But sense 1 specifically says "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" — that matches a liquid used in medicine. So I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to <t>prevent</t> dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best indexed sense for the target word "prevent" in the given context. The context is: "...an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given...".

We have two candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

We need to decide which sense fits better for "prevent vomiting" and "prevent dehydration".

Sense 1: "keep from happening or arising; make impossible". It involves stopping an event or state from occurring. The examples: forbids an honest answer, precludes involvement. It often implies that something is prevented from happening at all.

Sense 2: "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state". The examples: prevent the cancer from spreading, kept me from falling asleep. This sense often involves preventing a continued action or state, or preventing something from progressing.

In the medical context: "prevent vomiting" means to stop vomiting from occurring, i.e., keep it from happening. "Prevent dehydration" similarly means to keep dehydration from happening. Both are about preventing an event or state from arising. Sense 1 fits well: keep from happening or arising. Sense 2 might be more about preventing something that is already happening from continuing, but in this context, it's about prophylactic measures: giving medicine to prevent vomiting before it happens, and fluids to prevent dehydration before it happens. So it's about making sure these events do not occur.

Looking at the examples: "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer" – that's preventing an honest answer from happening. "Your role precludes your involvement" – that prevents involvement. These are about making something impossible or not allowing it. Similarly, preventing vomiting is making it not happen.

Sense 2's example: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" – that is stopping a process that might already be happening. However, vomiting and dehydration are not processes that are ongoing; they are events to be avoided. So sense 1 seems more appropriate.

Also, note that in the context, it says "to prevent vomiting" and "to prevent dehydration" – these are both conditions/states that they want to avoid. So "keep from happening or arising" is a good match.

Thus, I choose sense 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dehydration
Target surface form: dehydration
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent <t>dehydration</t>) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:00:: | definition=dryness resulting from the removal of water | synonyms=desiccation
2. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:01:: | definition=depletion of bodily fluids
3. sense_key=dehydration%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting moisture | synonyms=desiccation, drying up, evaporation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "dehydration" in the given context. The context is from a medical text about the drug Alimta. The sentence says: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." So fluids are given to prevent dehydration. In a medical context, dehydration typically refers to depletion of bodily fluids, which can happen due to vomiting or other side effects. The candidate senses are:

1. dryness resulting from the removal of water (desiccation)
2. depletion of bodily fluids
3. the process of extracting moisture (desiccation, drying up, evaporation)

Option 2 specifically mentions "depletion of bodily fluids", which fits perfectly with the medical context where fluids are administered to prevent dehydration (loss of body fluids). Options 1 and 3 are more general or industrial processes of removing moisture. Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

Response: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be <t>given</t> before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to find the best sense for the target word "given" in the provided context. The lemma is "give". The surface form is "given". The context is about a drug Alimta, its administration, and side effect management. The specific sentence with the target: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be <t>given</t> before or after the cisplatin dose." So "given" here refers to administering anti-emetic medicine and fluids.

Now we need to scan the candidate senses and find the one that matches "give" meaning "to administer a medicine or fluid to a patient". Sense 19: "give (as medicine)" with example "I gave him the drug" seems spot on. It is sense_key=give%2:40:13::. Let's confirm. The definition is "give (as medicine)", which is exactly the context: anti-emetic medicine and fluids are to be given to the patient. The example "I gave him the drug" matches. This is the most specific sense.

Check other senses:
- Sense 1: cause to have, abstract or physical. It could fit, but it's broader. Sense 19 is specifically for medicine.
- Sense 3: transfer possession. Medicine is not a possession transfer.
- Sense 20: give or convey physically, like "apply", example "She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose". That could also fit, but "First Aid" is not exactly medicine, it's broader. But sense 19 is explicitly for medicine.
- Sense 9: cause to happen... but not specifically medicine.
Given that context is about chemotherapy and medical treatment, sense 19 is the most appropriate.

Thus, I select sense_index 19. (Indexing from 1 as per list order).

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given <t>before</t> or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "before" in the provided context. The target lemma is "before", and it appears in the phrase "given <t>before</t> or after the cisplatin dose." The context describes the administration of Alimta with cisplatin, and an anti-emetic and fluids should be given either before or after the cisplatin dose. So here, "before" is used temporally, meaning "earlier in time".

We have two candidate senses:
1. Sense 1: earlier in time; previously (synonyms: earlier, examples: I had known her before; as I said before)
2. Sense 2: at or in the front (synonyms: ahead, in front, examples: I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy)

In the context, "before" is clearly contrasting with "after", indicating a temporal sequence. So sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 2 is spatial, which is not applicable here. The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: after
Target surface form: after
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or <t>after</t> the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=after%4:02:01:: | definition=happening at a time subsequent to a reference time | synonyms=subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, later on | examples=he apologized subsequently; he's going to the store but he'll be back here later
2. sense_key=after%4:02:00:: | definition=behind or in the rear | examples=and Jill came tumbling after

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "after" and need to choose the best sense from two candidates. The context is: "an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." The target word is "after".

Sense 1: happening at a time subsequent to a reference time. Synonyms: subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, later on. Examples: he apologized subsequently; he's going to the store but he'll be back here later.

Sense 2: behind or in the rear. Example: and Jill came tumbling after.

In the context, "before or after the cisplatin dose" clearly refers to time: the medicine and fluids should be given either before the dose (temporally prior) or after the dose (temporally subsequent). It is not about physical location ("behind"). So Sense 1 is correct.

Thus, sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin <t>dose</t>. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to do word sense disambiguation for the word "dose" in the given context. The target word appears in the sentence: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose." The target is the word "dose" as part of "cisplatin dose". From the context, Alimta is a chemotherapy drug, and cisplatin is another drug used with it. The sentence discusses giving anti-emetic and fluids before or after the cisplatin dose. So "dose" here refers to a measured amount of the drug cisplatin to be administered.

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, etc.
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, etc.

Clearly, senses 3 and 4 are irrelevant. The context is medical, about chemotherapy drugs. So we need to choose between sense 1 and sense 2. Both seem plausible. Sense 1 specifically mentions "medicine" and sense 2 mentions "active agent (substance or radiation)". The context is about a medicine (cisplatin). Both definitions include "dosage" as a synonym. However, sense 1 is more specific to medicine, while sense 2 is broader, covering any active agent including radiation. In the context, cisplatin is a medicine. Sense 1 says "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" which exactly fits. Sense 2 says "quantity of an active agent" which also fits, but it's less specific. Since WordNet glosses are schematic, we should consider which one is more targeted. Often, sense 1 is the more common medical sense. The examples provided in the senses? There are no explicit examples in the candidate list, but the definitions themselves. Given the context, both would work, but sense 1 is explicitly about medicine, so that is the most appropriate. Sense 2 might include things like radiation dose, not just medicine. The target is definitely a medicine dose. So I choose sense 1.

Thus, the answer is sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: Treatment
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. <t>Treatment</t> should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given:
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: Treatment (capitalized, but same word)
Context: medical text about Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. The sentence is: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." The surrounding context discusses dosing, administration, and side effect management.

We have four candidate senses. Let's evaluate:

1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

In the medical context, "Treatment" clearly refers to the medical care given to a patient, specifically the chemotherapy regimen with Alimta. The sentence "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued..." means the medical intervention (the administration of the drug) should be adjusted based on side effects.

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)". The synonym is "intervention", which is common in medical contexts.

Sense 2 is about management in a more general sense, like handling prisoners or water treatment. While it could arguably cover medical treatment, sense 1 is specifically medical. Since WordNet has a dedicated sense for medical treatment, sense 1 is more precise.

Sense 3 is about artistic treatment, not relevant.

Sense 4 is about a discussion or discourse on a topic, not relevant.

Thus, the best sense is 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: delay
Target surface form: delayed
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be <t>delayed</t> or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=delay%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to be slowed down or delayed | synonyms=detain, hold up | examples=Traffic was delayed by the bad weather; she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform
2. sense_key=delay%2:42:00:: | definition=act later than planned, scheduled, or required | examples=Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered
3. sense_key=delay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=stay, detain | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
4. sense_key=delay%2:30:05:: | definition=slow the growth or development of | synonyms=check, retard | examples=The brain damage will retard the child's language development

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "delayed" in the given context. The target surface form is "delayed". The context is from a medical text about Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. The sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."

We need to choose the correct sense from the four candidate senses provided.

Let's examine each sense:

1. sense_key=delay%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to be slowed down or delayed | synonyms=detain, hold up | examples=Traffic was delayed by the bad weather; she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform

This sense is about causing something to be slowed down or delayed. It is transitive, taking an object. In the context, "Treatment should be delayed" suggests that the treatment (the object) is being delayed. The agent is the doctor? The construction is passive: "should be delayed". So it could be sense 1.

2. sense_key=delay%2:42:00:: | definition=act later than planned, scheduled, or required | examples=Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered

This sense is intransitive or takes an event as object: "Don't delay your application" means don't submit it later than planned. "Delay" here means to postpone an action. In the context, "Treatment should be delayed" – treatment is an action that can be postponed. So it could also be sense 2.

But note the difference: sense 1 is specifically "cause to be slowed down or delayed", often implying an external cause. Sense 2 is "act later than planned", focusing on the action itself being postponed. The example for sense 2: "Don't delay your application" – here "delay" is used with an object (application) meaning to postpone doing it. That seems similar to "delay treatment". So both could fit.

3. sense_key=delay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=stay, detain | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!

This sense means to stop or halt something. That is stronger than just delaying. In the context, "delayed or discontinued" – discontinued means completely stopped. Delayed here is contrasted with discontinued, so it likely means postponed rather than stopped completely. So sense 3 is not correct because it suggests a halt, but the text distinguishes between delayed and discontinued, meaning delayed is a temporary postponement.

4. sense_key=delay%2:30:05:: | definition=slow the growth or development of | synonyms=check, retard | examples=The brain damage will retard the child's language development

This is about slowing growth or development. Not applicable here; treatment is not growing.

So the main contenders are sense 1 and sense 2.

Let's look at the definitions and examples more closely.

Sense 1: "cause to be slowed down or delayed" with synonyms "detain, hold up". Example: "Traffic was delayed by the bad weather" – here, traffic is an entity that moves, and it is slowed down. "She delayed the work that she didn't want to perform" – she postponed doing the work. In both cases, the object is something that can be postponed or slowed. Treatment can be postponed.

Sense 2: "act later than planned, scheduled, or required" – this is a more general sense. It can be used intransitively or with a direct object indicating the scheduled action. Example: "Don't delay your application" – meaning don't submit your application later than scheduled.

In many contexts, "delay" with an object can be sense 1 or sense 2. WordNet often distinguishes between these two. Sense 1 is often used when there is an external cause that makes something slower or later, while sense 2 is about simply postponing an action. The examples for sense 1: "Traffic was delayed by the bad weather" – an external cause. "She delayed the work" – she caused the work to be postponed. For sense 2: "Don't delay your application" – that is more about not acting later than required.

In the medical sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued..." – it is saying that the medical team should postpone the treatment. It is an action that they can decide to do later. Does that involve an external cause? The cause is the patient's condition (abnormal blood counts). That could be seen as an external factor causing the delay. But both senses could work.

To decide, we should look for clues in the WordNet glosses. Sense 1 has the definition "cause to be slowed down or delayed" – this implies that something causes the delay. In the passive "Treatment should be delayed", the agent is not specified, but it could be the doctor who delays it. But is the doctor causing the treatment to be slowed down? Treatment is an event, and delaying it means rescheduling it later. So it's more like "act later than planned".

Often, in instructions like "Treatment should be delayed", it's about postponing the treatment, not about causing it to be slowed down or detained. Also, sense 1's synonyms "detain, hold up" suggest a more physical obstruction. "Detain" usually involves holding someone back, like a person. "Hold up" is similar. For example, "Traffic was delayed" means traffic was held up, moving slowly. That's different from postponing a medical treatment.

Sense 2 is more about scheduling: to not do something at the scheduled time, but to do it later. The example "Don't delay your application" is about not missing the deadline. Similarly, "delay treatment" means to postpone the treatment to a later date. That seems like a better fit.

Also, note the target surface form: "delayed" is the past participle used in a passive construction. In sense 1, "delayed" is often used as an adjective or passive, e.g., "Traffic was delayed." In sense 2, it can also be used: "The application was delayed." Both can be used in passive.

But consider the contrast: in sense 1, the subject is often a concrete thing that is slowed down (traffic, work). In sense 2, the subject is often an action or event that is postponed (application, meeting, treatment). Here, "treatment" is an action. So sense 2 seems more appropriate.

Additionally, many dictionaries would define this medical usage as "postpone" which aligns with sense 2.

Let's check the candidate senses again. Sense 1 says "cause to be slowed down or delayed" – the word "delayed" is in the definition, making it somewhat circular. Sense 2 is more precise: "act later than planned". That exactly captures the meaning here.

Therefore, I'll choose sense 2.

The answer should be a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discontinue
Target surface form: discontinued
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or <t>discontinued</t>, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
2. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:01:: | definition=come to or be at an end | examples=the support from our sponsoring agency will discontinue after March 31
3. sense_key=discontinue%2:30:00:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, stop | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the target "discontinued" in the context: "Treatment should be delayed or <t>discontinued</t>, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."

Senses:
1. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
2. sense_key=discontinue%2:42:01:: | definition=come to or be at an end | examples=the support from our sponsoring agency will discontinue after March 31
3. sense_key=discontinue%2:30:00:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, stop | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations

We need to pick the best for "discontinued" in this medical context. The phrase is "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued". Here, "discontinued" is an action taken by the doctor. The treatment is being stopped by someone. Sense 1: put an end to a state or an activity (transitive: someone discontinues something). Sense 2: come to an end (intransitive: something discontinues). Sense 3: prevent completion (transitive: stop something from completing). In the context, it's the doctor discontinuing the treatment, so it's an action of stopping the treatment. Sense 1 fits: put an end to an activity (treatment). Sense 3 might also work, but "prevent completion" is more about stopping something before it finishes, like a project. Both are transitive. But sense 1 says "put an end to a state or an activity". In medical contexts, "discontinue a treatment" is idiomatic for stopping it. Sense 3's examples: stop the project, break off negotiations – more about interrupting an ongoing process. Sense 1's examples: Quit teasing – that's also an activity. The boundary is fine. However, WordNet distinguishes these: sense 1 is broader "put an end to a state or an activity", sense 3 is "prevent completion". "Discontinuing treatment" means you stop the treatment, not necessarily prevent its completion (since treatment might be ongoing, you just stop it). The treatment is an activity, so sense 1 is appropriate. Sense 2 is intransitive, so not appropriate here because the verb is used passively? "Treatment should be discontinued" – that is passive, so it implies an agent discontinuing it. In the active: "the doctor discontinues treatment". So transitive. Between 1 and 3, I think 1 is more general and fits better. The example for sense 3 is "stop the project", which is similar, but sense 1 explicitly includes "stop an activity". I'll go with 1.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: dose
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the <t>dose</t> reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." The target word is "dose". The context is about Alimta, an anticancer chemotherapy. The sentence mentions reducing the dose if side effects occur. The candidate senses:

1. dose%1:06:00:: definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time synonyms=dosage
2. dose%1:23:00:: definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time synonyms=dosage
3. dose%1:26:00:: definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact synonyms=venereal disease, VD, etc.
4. dose%1:06:01:: definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide synonyms=acid, back breaker, etc.

Clearly, sense 3 and 4 are wrong. The context is medical, referring to medication dose. Now between 1 and 2: sense 1 specifies "medicine", sense 2 is broader "active agent (substance or radiation)". The context is specifically about a medicine (Alimta) and its dosage. The sentence says "the dose reduced" referring to the amount of Alimta given. It is a measured portion of medicine. Sense 1 seems more fitting because it explicitly mentions "medicine". Sense 2 is more general and could apply, but sense 1 is more precise in the medical treatment context. Also, the example in sense 1 might align better. I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduced
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose <t>reduced</t>, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image
10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "reduced" in a medical context. The sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects." The target is "reduced" as a verb (past participle). We need to choose the best sense from the list.

Let's analyze the context. The dose of a medication (Alimta) is being discussed. The dose is "reduced" meaning they are lowering the amount of the drug given. This is about making the dose smaller or less.

Now, look at the candidate senses:

1. reduce%2:30:00:: cut down on; make a reduction in. Examples: reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits. This seems very fitting: "reduce the dose" means to lower the dosage, make a reduction in the dose.

2. reduce%2:30:06:: make less complex. Not relevant.

3. reduce%2:41:00:: bring to humbler or weaker state. Not relevant.

4. reduce%2:40:04:: mathematical simplification. No.

5. reduce%2:37:00:: lower in grade or rank. Not about dose.

6. reduce%2:30:11:: be the essential element. No.

7. reduce%2:30:05:: reduce in size; reduce physically. Example: Hot water will shrink the sweater. Could apply to dose reduction, but dose is not physical size; it's an amount. "Reduce physically" might not be the best.

8. reduce%2:40:00:: lessen and make more modest. Example: reduce one's standard of living. This is about making less or more modest, but dose reduction is more like cutting down a quantity.

9. reduce%2:30:04:: make smaller. Example: reduce an image. This is similar to sense 7.

10. sense 10: chemical. No.

11. sense 11: narrow or limit. Not ideal.

12. sense 12: put down by force. No.

13-15: not relevant.

16. sense 16: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; abridge. Not for dose.

17. sense 17: cooking, boiling down. Not.

18. sense 18: cooking, reducing liquid. Not.

19. sense 19: dilute. Might be relevant if you're reducing the concentration, but dose reduction typically means giving less quantity, not diluting it.

20. sense 20: take off weight. Not.

Sense 1 is clearly the most direct: "cut down on; make a reduction in" with the example "reduce your daily fat intake" which is exactly analogous to reducing a dose. The synonyms include "cut down", "trim", etc. The context is about treatment dosage. So, I'll select sense 1.

The index is 1 (since list starts at 1). Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in <t>patients</t> whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "patient" appearing as "patients" in the context. The context is a medical text describing the use of Alimta, an anticancer drug. The instances of "patients" clearly refer to people receiving medical care. The two candidate senses: sense 1 is the medical sense ("a person who requires medical care"), and sense 2 is the linguistic semantic role ("affected role"). The context is entirely about real patients undergoing treatment, so sense 1 is correct. The instruction says to return a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} but with the correct index. Since sense 1 is the right one, we output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blood_count
Target surface form: blood counts
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose <t>blood counts</t> are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blood_count%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample
2. sense_key=blood_count%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to choose the best sense for "blood counts" in the given context. The context is about chemotherapy with Alimta, and the phrase says: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose <t>blood counts</t> are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."

Two senses are provided:
1. sense_key=blood_count%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample
2. sense_key=blood_count%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample

In context, "blood counts are abnormal" refers to the results (the numbers) being abnormal, not the act of estimating. The phrase "blood counts" often means the counts themselves (the number). Sense 1 fits that: the number of red and white cells. Sense 2 is the act of counting. So sense 1 is appropriate.

Thus, output {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: abnormal
Target surface form: abnormal
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are <t>abnormal</t> or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:00:: | definition=not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm | synonyms=unnatural | examples=abnormal powers of concentration; abnormal amounts of rain
2. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:03:: | definition=departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal; an abnormal personality
3. sense_key=abnormal%5:00:00:immoderate:00 | definition=much greater than the normal | examples=abnormal profits; abnormal ambition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "abnormal" in the given context. The context is from a medical text about the drug Alimta. The relevant sentence: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are <t>abnormal</t> or who have certain other side effects."

We need to choose the best indexed sense among three provided. The target is "abnormal" as an adjective. Let's analyze each sense:

Sense 1: "not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm" (synonyms: unnatural). Examples: "abnormal powers of concentration; abnormal amounts of rain". This is a broad, general sense of not being normal.

Sense 2: "departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development". Examples: "they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal; an abnormal personality". This sense is specific to deviation in intelligence or development, often with a clinical/psychological connotation.

Sense 3: "much greater than the normal". Examples: "abnormal profits; abnormal ambition". This sense implies an excessive amount, something above normal.

In the context, "blood counts are abnormal" means that the blood cell counts are not within the normal range. In medical terms, abnormal blood counts could be either too high or too low. The sentence doesn't specify that they are much greater; they could be lower as well. The context is about side effects of chemotherapy, which often cause low blood counts (e.g., neutropenia, anemia). So the sense is a general "not normal", not specifically excessive, and not about intelligence/development. Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Sense 2 is clearly about mental/intellectual abnormality. Sense 3 is specifically "much greater", which would be inappropriate for blood counts that could be too low. So Sense 1 is correct.

Thus, we return {"sense_index": 1}.