[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reports
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than <t>reports</t> delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the sense of "reports" in the sentence: "In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view..." The context contrasts "instant news" (like Twitter coverage) with "reports delivered more slowly" (presumably traditional news reports). So "reports" here refers to news accounts or stories that are delivered more slowly than instant tweets. Sense 3 is "a short account of the news" with synonyms "news report, story, account, write up" and example "the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news". This fits perfectly: journalists are contrasting instant news (tweets) with traditional news reports that take longer. Sense 1 is about written findings of a study; sense 2 is about verbal reports (hearing reports); sense 4 is a gunshot sound; sense 5 is a report card; sense 6 is a school essay; sense 7 is reputation. None of these fit the context of news media. So sense 3 is the best.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: view
Target surface form: view
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=view%1:09:02:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
2. sense_key=view%1:09:01:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
3. sense_key=view%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=survey, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited
4. sense_key=view%1:15:00:: | definition=the range of the eye | synonyms=eyeshot | examples=they were soon out of view
5. sense_key=view%1:09:04:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
6. sense_key=view%1:10:00:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=opinion | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
7. sense_key=view%1:09:00:: | definition=purpose; the phrase `with a view to' means `with the intention of' or `for the purpose of' | examples=he took the computer with a view to pawning it
8. sense_key=view%1:06:00:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept | synonyms=scene | examples=he painted scenes from everyday life; figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment
9. sense_key=view%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated | synonyms=horizon, purview | examples=It is beyond the horizon of present knowledge
10. sense_key=view%1:07:01:: | definition=outward appearance | examples=they look the same in outward view

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "view" and target surface form "view" in the context: "... a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials." We need to choose the correct sense from the 10 candidates.

Let's analyze the context: "the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view" – here, "view" is used to mean an opinion, a belief, or a way of regarding the situation. It's an abstract notion of a perspective or position. The phrase "Luddite view" indicates a particular stance or attitude towards technology. So the sense is about a way of thinking, a belief, an opinion.

Now let's check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=view%1:09:02:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
   This fits perfectly: "Luddite view" is a way of regarding the situation, a perspective. The example even uses "positivist view" as a parallel.

2. visual percept of a region (aspect, vista, panorama) – not abstract; this is about a scenic view, not relevant.

3. act of looking or seeing – not relevant.

4. range of the eye – not relevant.

5. a personal belief or judgment not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought – This is very close, as "view" often means opinion. But note the definition: "not founded on proof or certainty" – that might fit, but sense 1 explicitly says "a way of regarding situations or topics" which is broader and more about perspective. Also, sense 5's examples: "my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion" – these are expressions of personal belief. In the sentence, "a Luddite view" is characterizing the claim as a Luddite perspective, a way of looking at things. Sense 1 seems a bit more abstract and about a mode of regarding, while sense 5 is a specific opinion. But they overlap. We need to decide which is best.

6. a message expressing a belief – more about the expression itself, like an editorial opinion. Not quite; here it's the view held.

7. purpose – not relevant.

8. graphic art – not relevant.

9. range of interest – not relevant.

10. outward appearance – not relevant.

So the main competitors are sense 1 and sense 5. Let's examine the examples: Sense 1: "consider what follows from the positivist view" – this is exactly parallel: "positivist view" is a perspective. Sense 5: "my opinion differs from yours" – that's a personal opinion. In the given sentence, "a Luddite view" is describing the nature of the claim; it's saying the claim represents a Luddite perspective/way of regarding. It's not necessarily a personal belief of a specific individual, but a type of viewpoint. I think sense 1 is more precise because it emphasizes "a way of regarding", and the synonyms are "position, perspective". Sense 5 has synonyms "opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought" – "opinion" is certainly common. However, in WordNet, sense 1 is specifically "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." which captures the idea of a mental outlook or standpoint. Often, "view" as in "point of view" falls under this sense.

Let's also check if there's any other nuance. Sense 6: "a message expressing a belief" – that's more about the expression, not the mental state. The context: "the claim ... was a Luddite view" – the claim itself is being characterized as a view, so it's a message expressing a belief? Actually, the claim is an assertion, so the view is the content of that claim, i.e., a viewpoint. So it's more about the mental perspective than the message as a whole. But sense 6 could also work if we say the claim is an expression of a belief. However, the phrase "a Luddite view" is attributing a characteristic to the claim, meaning the claim embodies a Luddite way of thinking. That seems more like sense 1.

Moreover, the definitions: sense 1: "a way of regarding" – that's a broader cognitive framework. Sense 5: "a personal belief ... not founded on proof" – that might have a connotation of being an individual's subjective belief. In the context, it's about a type of view (Luddite) that the journalists attribute to the lawyers' claim. It's not so much about being a personal belief of a specific person, but a category of thinking. So sense 1 fits better.

Thus, I'll choose sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Venice

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: court
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor <t>court</t> policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked: "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." The target lemma is "court" and the surface form is "court". The context sentence: "Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor <t>court</t> policy governing coverage of future trials." So the phrase is "poor court policy". The word "court" here is part of the noun phrase "court policy", referring to policies of courts (judicial bodies) regarding coverage of trials. So "court" here means the judicial institution or perhaps the judges. Among the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player... (Margaret Court)
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists... | synonyms=motor hotel, etc.
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage

The context clearly refers to a judicial court. "Court policy governing coverage of future trials" – the policy of the court (the judicial body) about media coverage. So the sense refers to the institution. Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" fits. Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" also fits. Which is more specific? In WordNet, sense 1 is "tribunal, judicature" and sense 8 is "lawcourt, court of law, court of justice". They are similar, but sense 8 emphasizes the place or the tribunal itself, while sense 1 is the assembly. Both are plausible. But note: "court policy" likely refers to the rules or guidelines adopted by a court (i.e., the judicial institution). Often "court" as an institution is sense 8. In many WSD tasks, for legal contexts, the institutional sense is preferred. Let's check the examples: sense 8 has no examples. Sense 1 has no examples. The WordNet glosses: sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business"; sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws". Sometimes sense 8 is the more common sense for "court" as a legal entity. I recall in WordNet, the primary legal sense is often 8 (court of law). I'll look at the numbering: In the list, sense 1 is 1:14:00, sense 8 is 1:06:05. The numbering isn't hierarchical. But the candidate senses are given with indices 1 through 11. We need to output the sense_index. The instruction says: "Choose the single best indexed sense" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}" (for example). So I'll pick the index number from the list (1 to 11). I believe sense 8 (index 8) is the most appropriate: court policy = policy of a court of law. Sense 1 is also possible but "tribunal" often refers to a specific panel. In the phrase "court policy", we are talking about the rules of the court system, which fits "court of law" perfectly. I'll go with index 8.

Check the other senses: sense 2 is "courtroom", not right because it's about policy, not a room. sense 3,6,9 are about royal courts, not relevant. 4 is sports. 5 is person. 7 is motel. 10 is courtyard. 11 is homage.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 8}

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court <t>policy</t> governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "policy" in the given context. We have three candidate senses. Let's analyze the context.

Context snippet: "... Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

The target appears in "poor court policy". The word "policy" here is used in the phrase "court policy", meaning a rule or guideline adopted by the court for governing coverage of future trials. This is a plan of action for an institution (the court).

Now look at the senses:

1. "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" – examples: "it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies". This seems broad and fits: a court is a social group (an institution) that adopts a plan of action.

2. "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" – examples: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation". This is specifically about government and rationalization of actions, not exactly a plan for court media coverage. It's more about debating the wisdom of a policy. The context is about a plan/policy for governing coverage, not about rationalizing an argument.

3. "written contract or certificate of insurance" – clearly not applicable.

Sense 1 fits best: It is a plan of action adopted by a social group (the court). Sense 2 is more about government arguments. Given the phrase "court policy", it's a rule or guideline. Thus, sense index 1.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing <t>coverage</t> of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform word sense disambiguation for "coverage" in the given context. The target lemma and surface form are "coverage". The context is about intense media coverage of a trial, with mentions of "news media", "media tweets", "reporters", "Twitter coverage", "instant news", and "coverage of future trials". The candidate senses are:

1. insurance coverage
2. extent of coverage (like in a dictionary)
3. news reporting

Clearly, the context is about news media coverage. Sense 3 matches perfectly: "the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television" with synonyms "reporting, reportage". The example given is "they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations", which aligns with the context about biased or intense media coverage of a trial. So the best indexed sense is 3.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trials
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future <t>trials</t>. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "trial" with surface form "trials" in context. The context is about legal proceedings, media coverage of a trial, and coverage of future trials. The sentence: "Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials." The target is "trials" plural. The context clearly refers to court trials, legal proceedings. Among the candidate senses, sense 4 is specifically about law: "(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law". Examples: "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial". This matches perfectly. The other senses refer to tests, experiments, sports trials, or tribulations. The context uses "courthouse", "lawyers", "court policy", "verdict", etc. So sense 4 is correct.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: argument
Target surface form: arguments
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to <t>arguments</t> that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=argument%1:10:02:: | definition=a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true | synonyms=statement | examples=it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true
2. sense_key=argument%1:10:03:: | definition=a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement | synonyms=controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt | examples=they were involved in a violent argument
3. sense_key=argument%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal | synonyms=argumentation, debate | examples=the argument over foreign aid goes on and on
4. sense_key=argument%1:10:01:: | definition=a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie | synonyms=literary argument | examples=the editor added the argument to the poem
5. sense_key=argument%1:10:04:: | definition=(computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program | synonyms=parameter
6. sense_key=argument%1:09:00:: | definition=a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
7. sense_key=argument%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "argument", surface form "arguments" (plural). The context: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to <t>arguments</t> that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts." The word appears in the phrase "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts." This is a typical legal argument: a line of reasoning or a set of reasons presented to persuade the court. We need to choose among the senses. Sense 1: a fact or assertion offered as evidence; Sense 2: a contentious speech act, dispute; Sense 3: a discussion where reasons are advanced; Sense 4: literary summary; Sense 5: computer science parameter; Sense 6: mathematical variable; Sense 7: a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth. In this context, "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation" is a reasoning or a set of reasons presented to the court (appeals courts are attracted to such reasoning). It is not a dispute itself (sense 2), nor just a fact/assertion (sense 1 could work but it's more about a single statement as evidence; here it's a broader idea, a line of reasoning). Sense 3 is a discussion, but here it's not a discussion; it's the content of the argument being attractive to courts. Sense 7 is specifically "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning." The example: "I can't follow your line of reasoning." This fits the legal context: lawyers make an argument (a line of reasoning) that social and technological changes require adaptation. Sense 1 is close, but sense 7 emphasizes the process of reasoning, which is what appeals courts would be attracted to. Also, in legal usage, "argument" often means the line of reasoning presented to persuade. The phrase "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation" is a proposition supported by reasoning, so sense 7 fits best. Let's check: Sense 1: "a fact or assertion offered as evidence" – it's more about a specific fact, not the whole reasoning. Sense 3: "a discussion" – not a discussion, but a piece of reasoning. Sense 7: "a course of reasoning" – exactly. So I'll choose sense 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological <t>changes</t> required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate the word "changes" in the context: "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts." The target is a noun plural. We need to choose among the given senses.

Let's analyze the context: The lawyers argue that appeals courts are often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation. So "changes" here refers to developments, evolutions, or shifts in society and technology. It's a general concept: changes as happenings or transformations. Looking at the senses:

1. change%1:11:00: an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another. Synonyms: alteration, modification. Example: "the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse." This fits well: social and technological changes are events or processes where something passes from one state to another.

2. change%1:24:00: a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event. Example: "he attributed the change to their marriage." This sense is more about the difference itself, not the event. The context says "changes required adaptation" - it's not just the difference, but the ongoing process or event of changing.

3. change%1:04:00: the action of changing something. Example: "the change of government had no impact; his change on abortion cost him the election." This implies an agent actively changing something. Here, social and technological changes are not necessarily actions taken by a specific agent; they are broader phenomena.

4. change%1:19:00: the result of alteration or modification. Example: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains." This sense focuses on the result, the new state. But the phrase "social and technological changes" could be interpreted as results; however, the context that they "required adaptation" suggests the ongoing process, not just the end state.

5-10: irrelevant (money, variety, etc.)

The most fitting sense is sense 1: an event when something passes from one state to another. It captures the dynamic nature. Sense 3 might also work if we consider changes as actions, but social/technological changes are often seen as events or processes without a deliberate changer. Sense 1 is broader. I'll go with sense 1.

Thus, the sense index is 1.

The instruction: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adaptation
Target surface form: adaptation
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required <t>adaptation</t> by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adaptation%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=version | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
2. sense_key=adaptation%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) | synonyms=adaption, adjustment
3. sense_key=adaptation%1:04:01:: | definition=(physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "adaptation" in the given context. The candidate senses are provided. We need to select the best sense index.

Context: The lawyers argue that "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts." The phrase suggests that the courts need to adjust or change in response to new circumstances, like social media coverage. This matches the second sense: "the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)" with synonyms "adaption, adjustment". The first sense is about a written work (like a novel adaptation), and the third is a physiological sense. The context is clearly about the courts adjusting to new technology. So the best sense is sense 2.

Output JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: courts
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence with the target word "courts". Let's examine the context.

Context: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>."

The target is "courts" (plural). The sentence discusses "appeals courts" and then says "adaptation by the courts". It's about the judicial system, specifically courts as institutions or tribunals that hear appeals and adapt to changes. It's not a physical room (courtroom), not a royal court, not a tennis court, not a person, not a motor lodge, not a courtyard. It refers to the judicial body.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

Both senses 1 and 8 relate to judicial bodies. Sense 1 is "assembly", sense 8 is more specific "tribunal presided over by a magistrate...". In the context, "appeals courts" and "the courts" refer to the institutions that administer justice. Sense 8 is very similar: "lawcourt, court of law, court of justice". Sense 1 is broader: "assembly ... to conduct judicial business". Both could fit. But the phrase "adaptation by the courts" suggests the institution as a whole, not just the assembly. However, WordNet glosses are schematic. I need to choose the best indexed sense. Let's look at the distinction: sense 1 is "assembly (including one or more judges)" and sense 8 is "tribunal ... presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges ... administer justice". The context says "appeals courts" which are a specific type of court. The phrase "adaptation by the courts" likely means the judicial system or the courts as legal institutions. In WordNet, the sense "lawcourt, court of law, court of justice" seems to be the common sense for a court that hears cases. Sense 1 "tribunal, judicature" might be more abstract, the assembly. I think sense 8 is the more direct match because it explicitly says "administer justice according to the laws". Also, "appeals courts" are a type of court of law. I'll choose sense 8.

But let's confirm: in the sentence, they say "adaptation by the courts" – the courts as bodies that make decisions. That seems to align with sense 8. Sense 1 might also be appropriate, but sense 8 is more specific and is the typical sense for a legal court. Also, sense 1's example might be "the court convened", whereas sense 8 is the institution. I'll go with sense 8.

Thus, the index is 8. But careful: the instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I'll output {"sense_index": 8}.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claim
Context:
They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "claim" and target surface form "claim". The context: "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>." The broader context: They (the lawyers) argued that the news media continually fanned the flames... Their focus on the Twitter coverage... some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary... But some lawyers said... Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision... and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules.

We need to disambiguate "claim" in "pressing that claim". What claim? The claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly, which is a claim that something is true or factual. The lawyers are asserting this claim as part of their argument. Let's check the candidate senses:

1. assertion of a right (as to money or property) - not about truth/fact, but about demand for property.
2. an assertion that something is true or factual - fits: "the claim that instant news was more incendiary..."
3. demand for something as rightful or due - like a demand, not an assertion.
4. informal right to something - title.
5. established or recognized right - legal claim to property.
6. a demand especially in the phrase "call of duty" - not this.

So sense 2 is the best. The examples: "his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims" - these are assertions of fact. So the context matches: they are pressing an assertion that something is true.

Thus, the answer is sense index 2.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filing
Target surface form: filing
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their <t>filing</t>, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filing%1:10:00:: | definition=the entering of a legal document into the public record | examples=he filed a complaint; he filed his tax return
2. sense_key=filing%1:17:00:: | definition=a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file
3. sense_key=filing%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using a file (as in shaping or smoothing an object)
4. sense_key=filing%1:04:00:: | definition=preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc. | examples=I have some filing to do

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to find the best sense for "filing" in the given context. The context is about lawyers submitting a legal document to the court. The sentence is: "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision..." So "filing" here clearly refers to a legal document that was filed with the court. Let's check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=filing%1:10:00:: | definition=the entering of a legal document into the public record | examples=he filed a complaint; he filed his tax return

This matches perfectly. The lawyers submitted a filing (a document) to the court, which is the act of entering a legal document into the public record. The examples even include "he filed a complaint", which is analogous.

2. sense_key=filing%1:17:00:: | definition=a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file (like metal filings). Not relevant.

3. sense_key=filing%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using a file (as in shaping or smoothing an object). Not relevant.

4. sense_key=filing%1:04:00:: | definition=preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc. | examples=I have some filing to do. This is about organizing and storing documents, like filing papers in a cabinet. The context is about a legal submission to a court, not about organizing documents.

Clearly sense 1 is the most appropriate. The context uses "filing" as a noun meaning a legal document filed with the court. Sense 1 defines the entering of a legal document into the public record, which is exactly what the lawyers did.

So answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: supreme_court
Target surface form: Supreme Court
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the <t>Supreme Court</t>'s 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:00:: | definition=the highest federal court in the United States; has final appellate jurisdiction and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation | synonyms=Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court
2. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:01:: | definition=the highest court in most states of the United States | synonyms=state supreme court, high court

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "Supreme Court" in the context: "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the <t>Supreme Court</t>'s 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. 'This case,' they wrote, 'represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century.'"

The candidate senses:
1. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:00:: | definition=the highest federal court in the United States; has final appellate jurisdiction and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation | synonyms=Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court
2. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:01:: | definition=the highest court in most states of the United States | synonyms=state supreme court, high court

The context mentions "1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction". This is a reference to Sheppard v. Maxwell, which was a United States Supreme Court case in 1966 (384 U.S. 333). Thus, the "Supreme Court" referred to here is the U.S. Supreme Court, not a state supreme court. Therefore, sense 1 is correct. Sense 2 is about state supreme courts. Since the decision is a famous U.S. Supreme Court case, sense 1 is the intended meaning.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decision
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 <t>decision</t> overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to disambiguate the word "decision" in the given context. The context is about a Supreme Court decision from 1966 that overturned Dr. Sheppard's conviction. The phrase: "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction". So it's a legal ruling, a judgment by a court. The candidate senses: 1 is the act of making up your mind (a process), 2 is a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration (the result), 3 is a boxing victory on points, 4 is the outcome of a game or contest, 5 is the trait of resoluteness. Clearly, sense 2 fits best: a judgment reached after consideration, like a court decision. Sense 2's examples: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account." This matches the legal context. So the answer is sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conviction
Target surface form: conviction
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's <t>conviction</t> because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00:: | definition=an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence | synonyms=strong belief, article of faith
2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed | synonyms=judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence | examples=the conviction came as no surprise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "conviction" in the given context. We have two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00:: | definition=an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence | synonyms=strong belief, article of faith
2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed | synonyms=judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence | examples=the conviction came as no surprise

Context: The passage discusses a legal case, referring to "Mr. Hayes's lawyers," "Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's <t>conviction</t> because of the trial coverage." This is clearly about a legal conviction—the judgment of guilty in a criminal case. The context mentions "trial coverage" and "new media," so it's about the overturning of a conviction due to media coverage. The example given is a famous case, Sheppard v. Maxwell, which indeed involved overturning a conviction because of prejudicial pretrial publicity. So the word "conviction" here refers to the criminal law sense.

Thus, the best indexed sense is #2.

Answer as JSON: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trial
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the <t>trial</t> coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "trial" and its context. The context is a legal context, talking about court trials, coverage of trials, and legal proceedings. The target word appears in the phrase "the <t>trial</t> coverage" which refers to media coverage of the trial. So the sense is clearly related to a legal trial, which is sense 4: "(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law". The other senses are about tests, experiments, or tribulations, none of which fit the legal context. Therefore, the best indexed sense is 4.

We need to return a JSON object with the key "sense_index" and the value 4.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial <t>coverage</t> and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "coverage" and the target surface form "coverage" in a specific context. The context discusses media tweets, cameras, reporters, Twitter coverage, instant news, trial coverage, etc. The specific sentence with the target: "they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial <t>coverage</t>". This is clearly about news reporting, specifically how the trial was covered by the media.

Now look at the candidate senses:
Sense 1: insurance coverage. Not relevant.
Sense 2: the extent to which something is covered, e.g., dictionary coverage. Not about news.
Sense 3: the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television. Synonyms: reporting, reportage. Examples: "they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations." This perfectly fits "trial coverage" as in media reporting of the trial.

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense 3. Return JSON with sense_index: 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rule
Target surface form: rules
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new <t>rules</t>. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation
2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example | synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula | examples=the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception
3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice | synonyms=linguistic rule
5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=principle | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. sense_key=rule%1:28:00:: | definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. sense_key=rule%1:26:00:: | definition=dominance or power through legal authority | synonyms=dominion | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa; the rule of Caesar
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02:: | definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. sense_key=rule%1:10:03:: | definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. sense_key=rule%1:09:02:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=principle | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:04:: | definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | synonyms=formula | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs; he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials
12. sense_key=rule%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths | synonyms=ruler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "rules" in the given context. The target is "rules", lemma "rule", surface form "rules". The context is about lawyers arguing that new media (Twitter, instant news) requires new rules for court coverage. They refer to a Supreme Court decision. So "rules" likely refers to prescribed guides for conduct or action, especially in a legal/courtroom context. The lawyers want new rules to govern media coverage of trials. That aligns with sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action". Sense 1 ("a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior") is close but more about customary behavior, while sense 3 explicitly says "prescribed guide for conduct or action", which fits legal rules better. Sense 2 is about a normative example, not a rule itself. Sense 5 is about a general principle. Sense 8 is about game rules. The context is clearly about legal/procedural rules. So sense 3 is the best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This <t>case</t>," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the context: "Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. ... 'This case,' they wrote, 'represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century.'"

The target word is "case" in the sentence "This case represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century." Clearly, it refers to a legal case, a court proceeding. The context discusses lawyers, courts, trial coverage, Supreme Court decisions, etc. So the appropriate sense is the one related to a court case. Among the options, sense 3 is "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" with synonyms lawsuit, suit, cause, causa. This matches perfectly. Therefore, the answer is sense_index 3.

provider: NextBit


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: century
Target surface form: century
Context:
Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st <t>century</t>."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=century%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 100 years
2. sense_key=century%1:23:00:: | definition=ten 10s | synonyms=hundred, 100, C, one C

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "century" in the context: "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century." The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=century%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 100 years
2. sense_key=century%1:23:00:: | definition=ten 10s | synonyms=hundred, 100, C, one C

In context, "21st century" clearly refers to the 21st period of 100 years, i.e., the time period from 2001 to 2100. It does not mean the number 100 or a group of ten tens. Therefore, the correct sense is the first one.

Response: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: century
Target surface form: century
Context:
Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st <t>century</t>."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=century%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 100 years
2. sense_key=century%1:23:00:: | definition=ten 10s | synonyms=hundred, 100, C, one C

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We are given two candidate senses for "century":

1. sense_key=century%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 100 years
2. sense_key=century%1:23:00:: | definition=ten 10s | synonyms=hundred, 100, C, one C

The context is: "the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st <t>century</t>." Here, "century" is part of "21st century", which refers to the 21st century, meaning the period of 100 years starting from 2001. That is clearly sense 1: a period of 100 years. Sense 2 refers to the number 100 or a group of 100 things, like a Roman century (military unit). The phrase "21st century" always uses sense 1.

Thus, the answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fraud
Target surface form: fraud
Context:
Sport and <t>fraud</t> law Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fraud%1:04:00:: | definition=intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
2. sense_key=fraud%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes deceitful pretenses | synonyms=imposter, impostor, pretender, fake, faker, sham
3. sense_key=fraud%1:04:01:: | definition=something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage | synonyms=fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to disambiguate "fraud" in the context: "Sport and fraud law Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction." The target word is "fraud". The context seems to talk about "sport and fraud law", and gives an example of tricks by Alonso and Ramos before Ajax, which demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get removal of a sanction. So, "fraud" here likely refers to something like deception or trickery in the context of law. The phrase "fraud law" suggests a legal domain. The candidates:

1. fraud%1:04:00:: definition=intentional deception resulting in injury to another person. This is a legal sense: fraud as a crime/tort that causes injury.
2. fraud%1:18:00:: definition=a person who makes deceitful pretenses. Synonyms: imposter, etc. This is a person sense.
3. fraud%1:04:01:: definition=something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage. Synonyms: fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on. This is an act of deception, not necessarily legal injury, but a trick.

Given "fraud law", the legal sense (1) seems appropriate. The context mentions "tricks ... demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction." The tricks are perhaps fraud-like but not serious enough? The phrase "fraud law" clearly points to the legal concept of fraud. So sense 1 is the best fit.

The answer should be a JSON with the sense index: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: law
Target surface form: law
Context:
Sport and fraud <t>law</t> Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=law%1:14:00:: | definition=the collection of rules imposed by authority | synonyms=jurisprudence | examples=civilization presupposes respect for the law; the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order
2. sense_key=law%1:10:00:: | definition=legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity | examples=there is a law against kidnapping
3. sense_key=law%1:09:00:: | definition=a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society | synonyms=natural law
4. sense_key=law%1:09:01:: | definition=a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature | synonyms=law of nature | examples=the laws of thermodynamics
5. sense_key=law%1:09:02:: | definition=the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do | synonyms=jurisprudence, legal philosophy
6. sense_key=law%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system | synonyms=practice of law | examples=he studied law at Yale
7. sense_key=law%1:14:01:: | definition=the force of policemen and officers | synonyms=police, police force, constabulary | examples=the law came looking for him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Sport and fraud <t>law</t> Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction." The target is "law". The context mentions "Sport and fraud law" – actually, the text is "Sport and fraud <t>law</t> Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction." It seems like a caption or headline: "Sport and fraud law" – likely "law" here refers to the legal domain, specifically rules and regulations regarding fraud in sports. But let's parse: "Sport and fraud law" might be a section heading or topic. Then: "Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction." So it's about tricks in sports to avoid sanctions, relating to fraud law. So "law" here likely means the body of rules, specifically in the context of fraudulent behavior in sports. Candidate senses:

1. sense 1: the collection of rules imposed by authority. Example: "civilization presupposes respect for the law". This fits: fraud law is part of the collection of rules imposed by authority.

2. sense 2: legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity. Example: "there is a law against kidnapping". This could also fit if "fraud law" refers to a specific statute or set of statutes. But the phrase "fraud law" more broadly refers to the area of law concerning fraud, not necessarily a single document.

3. sense 3: a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature (natural law). Not fitting here; it's about man-made law.

4. sense 4: a generalization about nature (laws of thermodynamics). No.

5. sense 5: branch of philosophy concerning law (jurisprudence). Possible but less likely in a sports context about tricks to avoid sanctions.

6. sense 6: the profession of law. Not likely; we are talking about the rules themselves, not the profession.

7. sense 7: police force. Not likely; "the law came looking for him" is about police, but here it's "fraud law" as a subject.

Between 1 and 2: Sense 1 is broader: "the collection of rules imposed by authority". Sense 2 is "legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity". The phrase "fraud law" doesn't refer to a single legal document; it refers to the body of law regarding fraud. So sense 1 seems more appropriate. Moreover, the gloss for sense 1 includes "jurisprudence" which can mean the system of laws. The example for sense 1: "civilization presupposes respect for the law" – showing the general concept. Sense 2 is more specific: "a law against kidnapping". Here, "fraud law" is not a specific law but the area of law. So I think sense 1 is best.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 1}