[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Gradually, a coherent picture of <t>cancer</t> development emerged.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "cancer" is used in the sentence: "Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged." The context is about development of cancer, which clearly refers to the disease (malignant growth). So sense 1 is correct. The other senses are astrology or zodiac. Answer: 1


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "development" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer <t>development</t> emerged.

Senses:
1. definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency
2. definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | examples=the development of his ideas took many years
3. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq
5. definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | examples=the development of Alaskan resources
6. definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter
8. definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "development" is used in the sentence: "Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged." The word "development" here refers to the process by which cancer develops or progresses. This is a biological or medical process. Looking at the senses: sense 2 is "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)" – that fits, as cancer development is a progression. Sense 3 is specifically "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically..." but that is about individual organism growth, not necessarily cancer. However, cancer development is a biological process, but it's not about an individual organism growing organically; it's about a disease process. Sense 2 seems more general. Also, sense 2 mentions "development of his ideas" but the definition is general. The sentence is about cancer, which is a disease process. So I would go with sense 2. But let's check if any other sense fits: sense 1 is about improving by expanding, but not cancer. sense 4 is recent events; sense 5 is land; sense 6 is district; sense 7 is state of improving; sense 8 is photo; sense 9 is music. So clearly sense 2 is the most appropriate. The answer should be 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Wafer

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "emerge" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development <t>emerged</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=come out into view, as from concealment | examples=Suddenly, the proprietor emerged from his office
2. definition=come out of | examples=Water issued from the hole in the wall
3. definition=become known or apparent | examples=Some nice results emerged from the study
4. definition=come up to the surface of or rise | examples=He felt new emotions emerge
5. definition=happen or occur as a result of something

reasoning_content: We need to match the sentence "Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged" to one of the five senses. The sentence describes a picture becoming known or apparent over time. Sense 3 is "become known or apparent" with example "Some nice results emerged from the study." That matches. Sense 1 is about coming into view from concealment (physical), sense 2 about coming out of (water from hole), sense 4 about rising to surface, sense 5 about happening as result. So answer is 3

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both <t>copies</t> of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "copy" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "If both <t>copies</t> of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." Here, "copies" refers to two instances of a gene. In genetics, we talk about copies of a gene (e.g., each chromosome has one copy). So it's about a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing: a copy of a gene. That matches sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". The examples include "she made a copy of the designer dress". So sense 2 is correct. Sense 1 is about reproduction of a written record, sense 3 about matter to be printed, sense 4 about material for journalistic account. None fit. So answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "certain" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a <t>certain</t> gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.

Senses:
1. definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week
2. definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | examples=felt certain of success
3. definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause
4. definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | examples=he was certain to fail
5. definition=established irrevocably | examples=his fate is sealed
6. definition=reliable in operation or effect | examples=a quick and certain remedy
7. definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through

reasoning_content: We need to match the sentence: "If both copies of a <t>certain</t> gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." The word "certain" here is used as an indefinite determiner meaning "a particular but unspecified" gene. That matches sense 1: "definite but not specified or identified". So answer is 1.

provider: Io Net


[User]
Which numbered sense of "knock_out" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a certain gene were <t>knocked out</t>, benign polyps would develop.

Senses:
1. definition=eliminate | examples=knock out a target
2. definition=knock unconscious or senseless | examples=the boxing champion knocked out his opponent in a few seconds
3. definition=destroy or break forcefully | examples=The windows were knocked out
4. definition=overwhelm with admiration | examples=All the guys were knocked out by her charm
5. definition=empty (as of tobacco) by knocking out | examples=knocked out a pipe

reasoning_content: We need to match the sentence "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." The phrase "knocked out" here refers to genetic knockout, which means eliminating or deactivating a gene. This aligns with sense 1: "definition=eliminate | examples=knock out a target". So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "polyp" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign <t>polyps</t> would develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
2. definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "polyp" is used in the sentence: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." The sentence talks about benign growths, which are likely abnormal tissue growths on mucous membranes, like colon polyps. This matches sense 1: "a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane." Sense 2 is about coelenterates (hydra, coral), which are animals. The sentence mentions gene knockout and benign growths, typical of medical context. So answer is 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would <t>develop</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "develop" is used in the sentence: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." The context is biological: polyps (abnormal growths) come into existence as a result of gene knockout. This matches sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape" with example "A new religious movement originated in that country". Also sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment" with example "A flower developed on the branch". But careful: "benign polyps would develop" means they would appear/grow. Sense 5 is about coming into existence, sense 10 is about growing/evolving. The sentence is about polyps forming, which is more about coming into existence. However, sense 10 also applies because polyps grow. Which one is more precise? The example for sense 10: "A flower developed on the branch" is similar. But sense 5: "A new religious movement originated" is about origination. In medical context, "develop" often means to appear or form. Given the list, sense 5 explicitly says "come into existence". Sense 10 is about growth and evolution. I think sense 5 is best. Also note that the sentence uses "would develop" as a result of knockout, implying they will form. Let's check other senses: sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - e.g., "He grew a beard" - that's about acquiring a feature, but polyps are not a feature of the organism? Actually, polyps are abnormal growths, so they are a change. But sense 4 is more about personal physical attributes. Sense 4 is plausible but less direct. Sense 10 is about natural growth. However, the example "A flower developed on the branch" is exactly analogous: a polyp developing. But note that sense 5 has "originated" which is also fitting. I think the best match is sense 5 because the polyps come into existence. Alternatively, sense 10 might be considered. Let's see if there is any other sense: sense 20 "happen" - "Report the news as it develops" - that is about unfolding events, not quite. So between 5 and 10, I'd lean towards 5. But let's see the exact wording: "benign polyps would develop" - they would form. In many dictionaries, "develop" in biology often means to grow or become manifest. Actually, sense 9: "be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest" - "The plot developed slowly" - that could also apply, but plot is abstract. Polyps are physical. Sense 10 seems most directly about physical growth. However, sense 5 is about coming into existence. Since both are plausible, I need to choose one. The instruction: "Return only the number of the correct sense." I think the most specific is sense 10, because it's about growth and differentiation. But note sense 10 includes "evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation". Polyps develop through cell growth. Sense 5 is more general origination. I'll check the example for sense 5: "A new religious movement originated in that country" - that is not about physical growth. The sentence is about polyps forming, which is a physical process. So sense 10 is more appropriate. Also sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - polyps are not a feature like a beard; they are a pathological growth. I think sense 10 is the best. Let's see if there is a sense specifically about disease? Sense 5 is "come into existence" and sense 10 is "grow". In medical terms, "develop" often means to appear or manifest. For example, "cancer develops" - that is similar. I'd say sense 10 is used because it's about natural growth in a biological context. But the example for sense 10 is "A flower developed on the branch" - that's analogous. So I'll go with 10. However, I recall that in some classifications, "develop" as in "develop a disease" is sense 4? Actually, sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - that could include developing a disease. But the example is "He grew a beard" which is a benign feature. Polyps are abnormal growths, but still a physical attribute. I'm not entirely sure. Let's read all senses again. Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - that is more like acquiring a characteristic (like a beard). Polyps are not a normal feature; they are a pathological change. But it could still be a change. However, sense 10 is more about growth and evolution. The phrase "benign polyps would develop" means they would grow or form. I think sense 10 is most appropriate because it specifically mentions "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation". That fits.

Alternatively, sense 5: "come into existence" is also valid. But since the list includes both, we need to see which one is more commonly used in such contexts. In the given examples, sense 5 has "originated" which is a bit different. I'll check the sentence: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." This is a typical scientific statement about the result of a genetic manipulation. The polyps would form. I think sense 10 is better. However, note that sense 10 also includes "evolve through a process of evolution" which is not exactly the same. But it says "or a conducive environment". The knockout creates a conducive environment for polyps to grow. So I'll go with 10.

Wait, there is also sense 1: "make something new" - that's transitive, but here "develop" is intransitive (polyps develop themselves). So senses that are transitive (like 1,2,3,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21) are not applicable because the verb is used intransitively. So only intransitive senses are possible: 4,5,9,10,20? Let's check: sense 4 "come to have" can be transitive? Actually, "he grew a beard" is transitive? "He grew a beard" - "grew" is transitive with object "beard" but also can be intransitive? The definition says "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - it's transitive: "come to have" something. The example "He grew a beard" uses "grew" as transitive (he grew a beard). In our sentence, "polyps would develop" is intransitive, polyps develop themselves. So sense 4 is transitive (you develop a beard, you develop a feature). So it's not a match because the subject is the thing that develops. Actually, "polyps would develop" could be interpreted as "polyps come to have" but that would be odd. So sense 4 is not intransitive. Sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape" - that is intransitive. Example: "A new religious movement originated" - intransitive. Good. Sense 9: "be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest" - intransitive. Example: "The plot developed slowly" - intransitive. Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process..." - intransitive. Example: "A flower developed on the branch" - intransitive. Sense 20: "happen" - intransitive. Example: "Report the news as it develops" - intransitive. So possible intransitive senses: 5,9,10,20. Among these, sense 20 "happen" is too general. Sense 9 "become manifest" could work, but polyps are physical objects, not abstract. Sense 5 and 10 are the most plausible. Now which one? The phrase "develop" for polyps often means to grow or appear. I think sense 10 is more specific to biological growth. In fact, sense 10 explicitly mentions "natural growth, differentiation". That's perfect. So I'll choose 10.

Thus answer: 10.

provider: GMICloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both <t>copies</t> of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "copy" is used in the sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." The word "copies" here refers to two instances of a gene. In biology, genes exist in pairs (alleles) on homologous chromosomes. So "copies" means two identical or similar versions of the gene. This matches sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". The example given is "she made a copy of the designer dress", but here it's about gene copies. Sense 1 is about legal/school records, sense 3 about printing matter, sense 4 about journalistic material. So answer is 2.

provider: Morph


[User]
Which numbered sense of "second" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a <t>second</t> gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude
2. definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "second" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." Here "second" modifies "gene", meaning another gene, not the first one. It indicates an additional gene, coming after the first. So it's the ordinal sense: coming next after the first. Sense 1 fits. Sense 2 is about musical parts or lower pitch, not relevant. Therefore answer is 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "then" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a second gene were <t>then</t> deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | examples=then he left
2. definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?
3. definition=at that time | examples=I was young then

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "then" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." The word "then" appears after "were". It seems to indicate a consequence or subsequent action in a conditional context. The structure is "If X were then deleted, Y would happen." This suggests a sequence: first, something happens (maybe something else), then both copies are deleted, leading to malignancy. But careful: The "then" might be indicating "in that case" as a consequence of a previous condition. However, reading the sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted" - the "then" seems to refer to a subsequent step in a process. Possibly it means "after that" or "subsequently". Let's compare senses:

Sense 1: subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) - example: "then he left" - this fits a temporal sequence. In the sentence, it says "were then deleted" meaning after some prior action, they were deleted. But the conditional "If" introduces a hypothetical; the "then" is not the main clause but within the if-clause. It's not a sentence connector but an adverb within the clause. However, it could mean "subsequently".

Sense 2: in that case or as a consequence - example: "if he didn't take it, then who did?" - here "then" is used in a logical consequence, often in conditional statements. But note: In the example, "then" is used in the main clause of a conditional, not in the if-clause. The sentence we have uses "then" inside the if-clause: "If both copies ... were then deleted". That is odd for sense 2 because sense 2 typically connects the if-clause to a result. For instance, "If it rains, then we will stay inside." Here "then" is in the result clause. But in our sentence, "then" is in the if-clause itself. So it's not that.

Sense 3: at that time - example: "I was young then" - refers to a specific past time. In the sentence, "were then deleted" could imply at that particular time (maybe a previous time mentioned). But the context is hypothetical, not necessarily a specific time.

The sentence is from a scientific context: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted" - likely meaning "after the first step, then both copies of a second gene were deleted" - indicating a sequence. So sense 1 seems most appropriate: subsequently.

But let's double-check: Could it be sense 2? "In that case" would be something like: "If X, then Y". But here "then" is within the condition itself. Actually, consider rephrasing: "If both copies of a second gene were deleted, then the polyps would progress to malignancy." That would be a standard conditional with "then" in the result. But the sentence given has "then" inside the if-clause: "were then deleted". So it's not the result; it's describing the condition as happening after something else. So it's temporal.

Thus the answer is sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[User]
Which numbered sense of "delete" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a second gene were then <t>deleted</t>, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=remove or make invisible | examples=Please delete my name from your list
2. definition=wipe out digitally or magnetically recorded information | examples=Who erased the files form my hard disk?
3. definition=cut or eliminate | examples=she edited the juiciest scenes

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "delete" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." Here, "deleted" refers to removing or eliminating the gene copies, likely through genetic modification or mutation. It is not about digital or recorded information, nor about editing scenes. It fits sense 1: remove or make invisible (in a broader sense of removal). Sense 1 examples include "Please delete my name from your list" - similar removal. Sense 2 is specific to digital/magnetic recording. Sense 3 is about cutting or eliminating in editing. The context is biological, so it's removal of genes. Thus sense 1.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "polyp" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the <t>polyps</t> would progress to malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
2. definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." The word "polyps" is marked with <t></t>. The senses are: 1. definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane; 2. definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase.

We need to determine which sense is used. The sentence mentions "malignancy", which refers to cancer. Polyps as in growths on mucous membranes (like colon polyps) can become malignant. So sense 1 is about medical polyps that can be precancerous. Sense 2 is about marine animals. The context of gene deletion and progression to malignancy strongly suggests a medical/biological context, not zoology. Therefore, the correct sense is 1.

Return only the number.

provider: WandB


[User]
Which numbered sense of "malignancy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to <t>malignancy</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
2. definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "malignancy" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." Context: polyps (likely colon polyps) progressing to malignancy. In medical context, malignancy refers to cancerous state. Sense 1 is the medical definition: "a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death." Sense 2 is about ill will. Clearly, the sentence is medical. So answer is 1.

provider: AkashML


[User]
Which numbered sense of "clear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was <t>clear</t> that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=readily apparent to the mind | examples=a clear and present danger
2. definition=free from confusion or doubt | examples=a complex problem requiring a clear head
3. definition=affording free passage or view | examples=a clear view
4. definition=allowing light to pass through | examples=clear water
5. definition=free from contact or proximity or connection | examples=we were clear of the danger
6. definition=characterized by freedom from troubling thoughts (especially guilt) | examples=a clear conscience
7. definition=(of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims | examples=efforts to obtain a clean bass in orchestral recordings
8. definition=(especially of a title) free from any encumbrance or limitation that presents a question of fact or law | examples=I have clear title to this property
9. definition=clear and distinct to the senses; easily perceptible | examples=as clear as a whistle
10. definition=accurately stated or described | examples=a set of well-defined values
11. definition=free from clouds or mist or haze | examples=on a clear day
12. definition=free of restrictions or qualifications | examples=a clean bill of health
13. definition=free from flaw or blemish or impurity | examples=a clear perfect diamond
14. definition=clear of charges or deductions | examples=a clear profit
15. definition=easily deciphered
16. definition=freed from any question of guilt | examples=is absolved from all blame
17. definition=characterized by ease and quickness in perceiving | examples=clear mind

reasoning_content: We need to choose the correct numbered sense for "clear" in the sentence: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop." Here, "clear" means readily apparent or obvious to the mind. This matches sense 1: "readily apparent to the mind". So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was clear that more than one gene had to be <t>damaged</t> for colon cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "damaged" is used in the sentence: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop." The word "damaged" here refers to the gene being harmed or altered, not that the gene itself suffers damage. It's an action inflicted upon the gene, so sense 1: inflict damage upon. Sense 2 is for something that suffers damage or is susceptible, like "these cups damage easily." The sentence uses passive voice: "had to be damaged" implies that something (like mutation) inflicts damage on the gene. So sense 1. Return only the number.

provider: Baidu


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to <t>develop</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "develop" is used in the sentence: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop." Here, "develop" means to come into existence or to occur, specifically referring to a disease manifesting. Among the senses, sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape" fits well. Also sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment" could apply, but sense 5 is more direct. Sense 20: "happen" also fits. However, sense 5 has example "A new religious movement originated in that country" which is similar to a disease developing. Sense 10 example is about a flower. The sentence is about cancer developing, which is a process of coming into existence. I think sense 5 is the best match. Let's check: sense 5 definition: "come into existence; take on form or shape". That matches exactly. So answer is 5.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Their <t>report</t> galvanized other molecular biologists.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble
3. definition=a short account of the news | examples=the report of his speech
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "report" is used in the sentence: "Their report galvanized other molecular biologists." The word "report" here likely refers to a written document describing findings, as in a scientific report. That matches sense 1: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group". The example "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" aligns. Sense 2 is verbal report, sense 3 news account, sense 4 sound, sense 5 student evaluation, sense 6 essay, sense 7 reputation. So answer is 1.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "galvanize" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Their report <t>galvanized</t> other molecular biologists.

Senses:
1. definition=to stimulate to action | examples=..startled him awake
2. definition=cover with zinc | examples=galvanize steel
3. definition=stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock

reasoning_content: We need to match the sentence: "Their report galvanized other molecular biologists." The meaning is that the report stimulated or motivated them to action. Sense 1 is "to stimulate to action". Sense 2 is about covering with zinc, sense 3 is about stimulating muscles electrically. So correct sense is 1. Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Their report galvanized <t>other</t> molecular biologists.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "other" is used in the sentence: "Their report galvanized other molecular biologists." The word "other" here refers to molecular biologists besides the ones already mentioned or implied. That matches sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". The other senses are about recent past, distant past, or unusual. So sense 1 is correct. Return just the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "confirming" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the <t>confirming</t> evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | examples=a positive pregnancy test
2. definition=serving to support or corroborate | examples=collateral evidence

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "confirming" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "It was the <t>confirming</t> evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor." The word "confirming" modifies "evidence". It is evidence that confirms something. Sense 1: "indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen" with example "a positive pregnancy test". That is about confirming a specific condition. Sense 2: "serving to support or corroborate" with example "collateral evidence". Here, the evidence is confirming that gene losses were critical. This is supporting or corroborating a hypothesis. It's not about indicating existence of a pathogen; it's about corroborating a causal relationship. So sense 2 seems appropriate. Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "evidence" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming <t>evidence</t> we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which numbered sense of "evidence" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "It was the confirming <t>evidence</t> we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor." The senses: 1: basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief. Example: evidence that smoking causes lung cancer. 2: an indication that makes something evident. Example: his trembling was evidence of his fear. 3: legal sense.

The sentence talks about confirming evidence that gene losses were critical. This is about scientific evidence supporting a belief, not a legal context. It's not merely an indication like trembling; it's a basis for belief. So sense 1 fits best. Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "need" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did
2. definition=have need of | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

raw_output:
We need to determine which sense of "need" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor," says Ray White...

The word "needed" here means that the evidence was required or necessary. The sense definitions:
1. require as useful, just, or proper (example: "It takes nerve to do what she did") - that example seems off, but the definition is about requiring something.
2. have need of (example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner") - "wants" here is old-fashioned for needs.
3. have or feel a need for (example: "always needing friends and money") - this is about needing something.

In the sentence, "we all needed" that evidence. It's about requiring something. The context: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed" meaning that the evidence was necessary to confirm something. So it's a requirement. Which sense matches? Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" fits. Sense 2 is "have need of" but the example is "wants" which is similar. Sense 3 is "have or feel a need for" which is also similar. But the definitions are subtly different. Typically, "need" can mean require or have a need. However, the sense numbers are given. The sentence uses "needed" as in "we required that evidence". I'd lean towards sense 1 because it says "require as useful, just, or proper". But let's check the examples: sense 1's example "It takes nerve to do what she did" doesn't directly relate, but it's a different usage. Actually, the definition for sense 1 is "require as useful, just, or proper" and that is a common meaning. Sense 2 is "have need of" which is similar but the example "This piano wants the attention" is archaic. Sense 3 is "have or feel a need for" which is more about personal desire. In this context, it's not about personal feeling but about necessity. So sense 1 is likely.

Given that the instruction: "Return only the number of the correct sense." So answer 1.1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "need" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did
2. definition=have need of | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

[Assistant]
We need to determine which sense of "need" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor," says Ray White...

The word "needed" here means that the evidence was required or necessary. The sense definitions:
1. require as useful, just, or proper (example: "It takes nerve to do what she did") - that example seems off, but the definition is about requiring something.
2. have need of (example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner") - "wants" here is old-fashioned for needs.
3. have or feel a need for (example: "always needing friends and money") - this is about needing something.

In the sentence, "we all needed" that evidence. It's about requiring something. The context: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed" meaning that the evidence was necessary to confirm something. So it's a requirement. Which sense matches? Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" fits. Sense 2 is "have need of" but the example is "wants" which is similar. Sense 3 is "have or feel a need for" which is also similar. But the definitions are subtly different. Typically, "need" can mean require or have a need. However, the sense numbers are given. The sentence uses "needed" as in "we required that evidence". I'd lean towards sense 1 because it says "require as useful, just, or proper". But let's check the examples: sense 1's example "It takes nerve to do what she did" doesn't directly relate, but it's a different usage. Actually, the definition for sense 1 is "require as useful, just, or proper" and that is a common meaning. Sense 2 is "have need of" which is similar but the example "This piano wants the attention" is archaic. Sense 3 is "have or feel a need for" which is more about personal desire. In this context, it's not about personal feeling but about necessity. So sense 1 is likely.

Given that the instruction: "Return only the number of the correct sense." So answer 1.1

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only the integer.

reasoning_content:
We need to pick the correct sense number for "need" in the given sentence. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical..." The word "needed" here means "required" or "had a requirement for." Looking at the three definitions:

1. require as useful, just, or proper
2. have need of
3. have or feel a need for

All three are similar, but the phrasing "require as useful, just, or proper" might be the most formal. However, the example for sense 1 is "It takes nerve to do what she did" — that's a different usage of "take", not a good example. Sense 2's example: "This piano wants the attention" uses "wants" as an archaic synonym for "needs". Sense 3's example: "always needing friends and money" is more about personal desire.

In the context of scientific evidence, "needed" is about requirement, not necessarily personal feeling. So sense 1 seems most appropriate. But to be sure, many dictionaries would group "need" as "require" and "have need of" as similar. However, the problem expects one number. Given the definitions, I think sense 1 is correct. I'll output 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "loss" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene <t>losses</t> were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss
2. definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss
3. definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
4. definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation
5. definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
6. definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | examples=the company operated at a loss last year
7. definition=military personnel lost by death or capture
8. definition=euphemistic expressions for death | examples=thousands mourned his passing

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "loss" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor". Here, "gene losses" refers to the loss of genes, meaning genes that are lost or missing. It's not about something that is lost as an object (sense 1), not gradual decline (sense 2) because it's a discrete event, not the act of losing (sense 3) but rather the result, not disadvantage (sense 4) specifically, not death of a loved one (sense 5), not financial loss (sense 6), not military (sense 7), not euphemism for death (sense 8). The phrase "gene losses" likely means the genes that are lost, i.e., something that is lost. But sense 1 defines "something that is lost" with example "the car was a total loss". That fits: gene losses are the genes that are lost. However, careful: "losses" plural suggests multiple instances of losing something. Sense 3 is "the act of losing someone or something". That could also apply. The sentence says "gene losses were critical" meaning the loss of genes (the event or state) is critical. Which sense is most appropriate? Let's examine definitions: sense 1: "something that is lost" -- object. sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something" -- action. In the context, "gene losses" refers to the phenomenon of genes being lost, likely the loss events. But the phrase "gene losses" is often used in genomics to refer to the loss of genes, e.g., in evolution. It could be interpreted as the act or result. The sentence: "that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor." That means the loss of certain genes is critical. So it's the event of losing genes. That aligns more with sense 3: the act of losing something. However, sense 3's example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock" refers to a loss in a competition. That is an event. But also sense 4: "the disadvantage that results from losing something" – example "his loss of credibility" – that is also a state. The sentence says "gene losses were critical", meaning the absence or loss of genes is a key factor. That sounds like the state of having lost those genes, which is the result (disadvantage) or the act. Which number? Let's read all senses carefully:
1: something that is lost (object)
2: gradual decline (amount/activity) - not gradual here? Could be gradual, but gene loss is often discrete.
3: the act of losing someone or something
4: the disadvantage that results from losing something
5: loss of a loved one
6: business loss
7: military personnel lost
8: euphemism for death

Given that "gene losses" is a plural noun referring to the specific genes that are lost? Actually, "gene losses" could be interpreted as losses of genes. In biological literature, "gene loss" is a term for the event of a gene being lost. So it's the act or state. I think sense 3 is the closest: the act of losing. But note: sense 1 also fits if we think of "losses" as things that are lost (like the genes themselves). For example, "the car was a total loss" means the car is a lost item. Similarly, "gene losses" could mean the genes that are lost. However, the phrasing "gene losses were critical" suggests the loss events themselves were critical. Typically we say "gene loss" not "gene losses" if referring to the phenomenon; but here it's plural "losses" might refer to multiple instances of gene loss. That is the act. I'd lean toward sense 3.

But let's double-check the exact wording: "gene losses" – it's plural. Could also be sense 1: "something that is lost" – but then "gene losses" would be the lost genes, which are critical. That could work. However, in context, the confirming evidence that gene losses were critical to tumor development. That implies the process of losing genes is critical. For example, if you say "gene mutations were critical", you mean the mutations themselves. "Losses" here is analogous to a type of genetic alteration. So it's the event. Sense 3.

I'll answer 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "critical" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were <t>critical</t> to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws | examples=a critical attitude
2. definition=at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction | examples=a critical temperature of water is 100 degrees C--its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure
3. definition=characterized by careful evaluation and judgment | examples=a critical reading
4. definition=urgently needed; absolutely necessary | examples=a critical element of the plan
5. definition=forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis | examples=a critical point in the campaign
6. definition=being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency | examples=a critical shortage of food
7. definition=of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism | examples=critical acclaim

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "critical" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were <t>critical</t> to the development of a common tumor." The context: gene losses were critical to the development. This implies that the gene losses were absolutely necessary or essential for the tumor development. That matches sense 4: "urgently needed; absolutely necessary" with example "a critical element of the plan". The other senses don't fit: not about finding faults (1), not about abrupt change (2), not about careful evaluation (3), not about a turning point (5), not about crisis (6), not about criticism (7). So answer is 4.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "development" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the <t>development</t> of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency
2. definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | examples=the development of his ideas took many years
3. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq
5. definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | examples=the development of Alaskan resources
6. definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter
8. definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "development" is used in the sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor". The context: gene losses are critical to the development of a tumor. This is a biological process, where a tumor develops/grows. Sense 3 is specifically about biology: "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events..." That fits: tumor development is a biological process. Sense 2 is more general "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage", but sense 3 is more specific to biological growth. The sentence mentions "gene losses" and "tumor", so it's biological. Thus, sense 3 is correct. Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a <t>common</t> tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content: We need to select the correct numbered sense of "common" from the list for the sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor". The word "common" here describes a type of tumor. In medical context, "common" often means frequently encountered or widespread. Sense 4 says "commonly encountered" with example "a common (or familiar) complaint". That matches tumor. Sense 2 also says "widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary". But sense 2 includes "average or ordinary" which might not be exactly tumor. Sense 4 is more precise. Also, sense 1 is public, sense 3 is shared, etc. The phrase "a common tumor" means a tumor that is frequently seen. So sense 4. Return only number: 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "<t>says</t> Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
We need to identify which sense of "say" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, " says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Here, "says" is used to attribute a statement to Ray White. He is expressing a statement or declaring something. The context: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed..." This is a quote from Ray White. So he is expressing his opinion or judgment, or stating something. Let's look at the senses:

1. express in words (general)
2. report or maintain (like allege)
3. express a supposition (like "let us say")
4. have or contain a certain wording or form (like "the passage reads")
5. give instructions (authority)
6. speak in a certain way (pronounce)
7. communicate nonverbally (like painting)
8. utter aloud (like saying hello)
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare (I say let's forget)
10. recite or repeat a fixed text (say grace)
11. indicate (the clock says noon)

The sentence is a direct quotation from a person, attributing a statement. It's similar to "express in words" (sense 1) or "state as one's opinion or judgement" (sense 9). But note: sense 1 is "express in words" with example "He said that he wanted to marry her". That is a general reporting of speech. Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" with example "I say let's forget this whole business". The sentence here is a declarative statement: "It was the confirming evidence..." That is a factual claim, not necessarily an opinion? It's a scientific statement. But likely it's a report. Sense 2 is "report or maintain" with example "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime". That's more like alleging. The sentence is not alleging; it's stating a fact. So sense 1 is probably the most straightforward: "express in words". However, sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". The sentence is a declaration. But the verb "says" here is simply reporting what someone said. In many dictionaries, "say" is used to introduce direct speech. The senses are numbered. We need to pick the correct number.

Given the list, sense 1 is "express in words". That seems appropriate. But note that some senses might overlap. The example for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" is indirect speech. The sentence is direct speech with "says" before the speaker. Actually the sentence is: "It was the confirming evidence... says Ray White." That is a direct quote. In typical usage, "says" here is used to attribute the statement. It's essentially "express in words". Sense 8 is "utter aloud" with example "She said 'Hello' to everyone". That's more about saying a greeting. Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". That might fit too.

But we need to be precise. The word "say" in this context is used to indicate that Ray White expressed that statement. It's not a supposition, not a reading, not instruction, not nonverbal, not recitation, not indicating a clock. So the likely candidates are 1, 2, 9. Let's see sense 2: "report or maintain" has example "He alleged..." That is more like reporting a claim, often with connotation of something unproven. The sentence is about "confirming evidence", so it's a factual statement. Sense 1 is general. Sense 9 is "declare". The example for 9: "I say let's forget this whole business" - that's an opinion or suggestion. But "say" can also be used for declarative statements. In many dictionaries, "say" has a sense like "to state, declare" which is similar to 1. Possibly sense 9 is more for making a suggestion or stating one's own opinion (like "I say"). The sentence is a quote from a scientist, so it's a statement of fact. I think sense 1 is the most straightforward.

However, let's read the definitions carefully. The given senses are from a specific list. We need to match the usage. The sentence: "It was the confirming evidence... says Ray White." That is a typical use of "say" to report speech. In many lexical databases, "say" sense 1 is "express in words" (often used for direct/indirect speech). So I'll go with 1.

But wait, there is also sense 4 "have or contain a certain wording or form" with example "The passage reads as follows". That is for a text. Not applicable. Sense 11 "indicate" with example "The clock says noon" - that's for a clock. Not.

Thus, answer is 1.

I'll double-check: The sentence is a direct quote, so it's "says" used to attribute the statement. In the list, sense 1 is "express in words". That covers it. So return 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "yet" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had <t>yet</t> to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results
2. definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | examples=So far he hasn't called
3. definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | examples=looked sick and felt even worse
4. definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves
5. definition=used after a superlative | examples=this is the best so far
6. definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "yet" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene..." The phrase "had yet to" means that up to that point, he had not done it. This matches sense 1: "up to the present time" with example "I have yet to see the results". Also sense 2 is similar but specifically for negative statements. The phrase "had yet to" is a common construction meaning "had not yet". So sense 1 is the most direct. The answer is 1.

provider: Parasail


[User]
Which numbered sense of "nail" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to <t>nail</t> the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=attach something somewhere by means of nails | examples=nail the board onto the wall
2. definition=take into custody | examples=the police nabbed the suspected criminals
3. definition=hit hard | examples=He smashed a 3-run homer
4. definition=succeed in obtaining a position | examples=He nailed down a spot at Harvard
5. definition=succeed at easily | examples=She sailed through her exams
6. definition=locate exactly | examples=can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?
7. definition=complete a pass

reasoning_content: We need to find which sense of "nail" is used in the sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene..." The context is about identifying or pinpointing the gene. The verb "nail" here means to locate exactly or identify precisely. That matches sense 6: "locate exactly" with example "can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?" So answer is 6.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "identity" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the <t>identity</t> of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity | examples=you can lose your identity when you join the army
2. definition=the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known | examples=geneticists only recently discovered the identity of the gene that causes it
3. definition=an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates | examples=the identity under numerical multiplication is 1
4. definition=exact sameness | examples=they shared an identity of interests

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "identity" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy." The phrase "identity of the gene" means which specific gene it is. Looking at senses: Sense 1 is about personal identity. Sense 2 is about individual characteristics by which a thing is recognized or known. That fits: the identity of the gene means what gene it is. Sense 3 is mathematical. Sense 4 is exact sameness. So sense 2 is correct. Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if <t>damaged</t>, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "damaged" is used in the sentence. The sentence says: "if damaged, flipped a colon cell..." The subject is "the gene" that is damaged. It's about the gene being damaged, meaning it suffers damage or is affected. The sense here is passive: the gene is damaged, not actively damaging something. Sense 1 is "inflict damage upon" (transitive, active). Sense 2 is "suffer or be susceptible to damage" (intransitive or passive). In the sentence, "damaged" is a past participle used in a conditional, meaning the gene experiences damage. So it's sense 2. Return number 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "flip" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, <t>flipped</t> a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin!
2. definition=cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation | examples=switch on the light
3. definition=look through a book or other written material | examples=He thumbed through the report
4. definition=toss with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn over in the air
5. definition=cause to move with a flick | examples=he flicked his Bic
6. definition=throw or toss with a light motion | examples=flip me the beachball
7. definition=move with a flick or light motion
8. definition=turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse | examples=flip over the pork chop
9. definition=react in an excited, delighted, or surprised way | examples=he flipped when he heard that he was accepted into Princeton University
10. definition=go mad, go crazy | examples=He flipped when he heard that he was being laid off
11. definition=reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)

reasoning_content: We need to find which sense of "flip" is used in the sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy." The context is about a gene that, when damaged, causes a colon cell to become malignant. The verb "flipped" here means to change or transform the cell into malignancy. This is not about tossing, turning, or reacting emotionally. It seems like a metaphorical use: to cause a sudden change, to switch from one state to another. Among the senses, sense 11 is "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". That could apply: flipping a cell into malignancy is reversing its normal state to a cancerous one. Sense 9 and 10 are about emotional reaction. Sense 8 is turning upside down. Sense 2 is about switching on. But the closest is sense 11: reverse. Also sense 2 could be considered "cause to go on or be engaged" - flipping a switch. But "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy" sounds like a transformation, a reversal of normal function. Sense 11 explicitly includes "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)". So answer is 11.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "colon" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a <t>colon</t> cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos
3. definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos
4. definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal
5. definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

reasoning_content: We need to identify which sense of "colon" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy." The context is about a gene damaging a colon cell, leading to malignancy. That clearly refers to the anatomical part of the large intestine. So sense 1 is correct. Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "cell" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy." The context is about a gene that causes malignancy in a colon cell. This is clearly a biological context, referring to the basic structural unit of living organisms. Sense #2 is "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms". So answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "full-blown" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=fully ripe; at the height of bloom | examples=a full-blown rose
2. definition=having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness | examples=a full-blown financial crisis

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "full-blown" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy." Here, "full-blown malignancy" means a malignancy that is complete, fully developed, having all characteristics. Sense 2: "having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness" with example "a full-blown financial crisis" matches. Sense 1 is about a rose at height of bloom, which is literal ripeness. Here it's metaphorical for completeness. So answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "malignancy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown <t>malignancy</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
2. definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "malignancy" is used in the sentence. The sentence discusses a gene that, if damaged, flips a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. This is clearly medical context: cancer, malignant tumor. Sense 1 is medical: a malignant state, progressive, resistant, causing death. Sense 2 is about disposition to evil, ill will. The sentence is about cells and genes, so sense 1 is correct. Return only the number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "month" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "month" is used in the sentence. The sentence says "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers... experimentally crawled down..." Here "months" refers to a period of time, not a specific calendar month. It's an indeterminate length of time, likely multiple months, but the sense is a time unit of approximately 30 days. The example for sense 2: "he was given a month to pay the bill" also uses it as a period. Sense 1 is about a specific division of the calendar year (like January, February). In the sentence, it's not referring to any specific named month, but a duration. So sense 2 is correct.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "use" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | examples=use your head!
2. definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. definition=use up, consume fully | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs
5. definition=avail oneself to | examples=apply a principle
6. definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "use" applies in the sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17..." The word "using" here means employing gene probes as a tool or instrument for their research. This fits sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose". The example "use your head!" matches this sense. The other senses involve consumption, advantage, or habitual action, which do not apply. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "down" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position | examples=don't fall down
2. definition=away from a more central or a more northerly place | examples=was sent down to work at the regional office
3. definition=paid in cash at time of purchase | examples=put ten dollars down on the necklace
4. definition=from an earlier time | examples=the story was passed down from father to son
5. definition=to a lower intensity | examples=he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black
6. definition=in an inactive or inoperative state | examples=the factory went down during the strike

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "down" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

Here, "crawled down" means moving along the length of the chromosome. It's not a literal spatial downward movement; it's metaphorical. The chromosome is often depicted as a linear structure, and "down" here likely means along its length, possibly from one end to the other. Sense 1: spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position. That could fit if we think of the chromosome as having a top and bottom? But chromosomes are often described with a long arm and short arm, but "down the length" typically means along the entire length. Sense 2: away from a more central or more northerly place. That doesn't fit. Sense 3: paid in cash - no. Sense 4: from an earlier time - no. Sense 5: to a lower intensity - no. Sense 6: inactive - no.

The phrase "crawled down the length" is similar to "went down the road" meaning along. In many dictionaries, "down" can mean "along" or "through" in certain contexts. But among the given senses, sense 1 includes "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position". The researchers are moving along the chromosome, which might be considered as moving from one end to another, possibly from a higher to lower position if we think of the chromosome as oriented. However, it's more about traversing the length. Sense 1 is the closest because it includes metaphorical movement. The example "don't fall down" is literal, but the definition says "spatially or metaphorically". So I think sense 1 is correct.

Thus answer: 1

provider: Cloudflare


[User]
Which numbered sense of "length" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place | examples=the length of the table was 5 feet
2. definition=continuance in time | examples=the ceremony was of short duration
3. definition=the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end | examples=the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words
4. definition=size of the gap between two places | examples=the distance from New York to Chicago
5. definition=a section of something that is long and narrow | examples=a length of timber

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "length" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells." Here, "length" refers to the physical extent of chromosome 17 from one end to the other. It's a linear extent in space, not time, not a section, not distance between places, and not property of extent from beginning to end in a metaphorical sense (like article length). It's the actual physical length of the chromosome. So sense 1: "the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place" fits. Return 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "look_for" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | examples=The police are searching for clues
2. definition=be excited or anxious about

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "look_for" is used in the given sentence. The sentence describes researchers "looking for" the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. They are trying to locate or discover something. Sense 1 is "try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of". Sense 2 is "be excited or anxious about". Clearly, the context is scientific research, so sense 1 fits. Return only the number.

provider: Alibaba


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content: We need to find which sense of "common" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells." Here, "common" modifies "bit of genetic material" and refers to a shared or mutual bit among all tumor cells. It's not about public, ordinary, everyday, etc. It means a bit that is shared by or common to all tumor cells. That aligns with sense 3: "common to or shared by two or more parties". So answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=a small piece or quantity of something | examples=a spot of tea
2. definition=a small fragment of something broken off from the whole | examples=a bit of rock caught him in the eye
3. definition=an indefinitely short time | examples=wait just a moment
4. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work
5. definition=piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding | examples=the horse was not accustomed to a bit
6. definition=a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states | examples=there are 8 bits in a byte
7. definition=a small amount of solid food; a mouthful | examples=all they had left was a bit of bread
8. definition=a small fragment | examples=overheard snatches of their conversation
9. definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | examples=he did his act three times every evening
10. definition=the part of a key that enters a lock and lifts the tumblers
11. definition=the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press | examples=he looked around for the right size bit

reasoning_content: We need to find which sense of "bit" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells." Here, "bit" refers to a small piece or quantity of genetic material. That matches sense 1: "a small piece or quantity of something" with example "a spot of tea". Also sense 2 is "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole" but that's more physical broken pieces, like rock. Sense 8 is also "a small fragment" but same idea. Sense 1 is more general. The phrase "smallest common bit" suggests a small piece. So sense 1 fits best. Answer: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "genetic" is used in the given sentence. The sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells." The phrase "genetic material" refers to DNA or genes. The context is about genes and chromosomes. Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" fits. Sense 4 is about the science of genetics, but "genetic material" is material that is genetic, i.e., related to genes. So sense 2 is correct. Return just the number: 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "material" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | examples=coal is a hard black material
2. definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent
4. definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials
5. definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "material" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells." Here, "genetic material" refers to the substance that carries genetic information, like DNA. This is tangible substance, so sense 1 fits. It is not information (sense 2), fabric (3), supplies (4), or a person (5). So answer is 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "lose" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war
4. definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!
8. definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. definition=retreat
10. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | examples=I missed that remark
11. definition=be set at a disadvantage | examples=This author really suffers in translation

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "lose" is used in the sentence. The sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells."

Here, "lost" refers to genetic material that is missing or absent in tumor cells. It's not about failing to keep, failing to win, death, misplacing, etc. It's about the genetic material being absent or missing from the cells. This aligns with sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". The tumor cells have lost (ceased to have) that bit of genetic material. So answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "cell" is used in the sentence. The sentence talks about "tumor cells" in a biological context. Clearly, it refers to biological cells. Sense 2 is the biological definition. So answer is 2.