[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We <t>know</t> that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We <t>know</t> that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The sentence is saying that we are aware of or possess the knowledge/information that early exposure to schooling improves performance. This is stating a fact that is known.

Let me look at the senses:

1. "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - This fits. The sentence is saying we are aware of/know the fact that early exposure improves performance.

2. "know how to do or perform something" - No, this is about knowing how to do something, not about knowing a fact.

3. "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" - This could also fit, but it emphasizes a strong conviction or faith.

4. "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - No, this is about being familiar with people or objects.

5. "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" - No, this is about personal experience.

6. "accept (someone) to be what is claimed" - No, not relevant here.

7. "have fixed in the mind" - This could fit, as we have learned/remember information.

8. "have sexual intercourse with" - No, not relevant.

9. "know the nature or character of" - No, this is about knowing someone's character.

10. "be able to distinguish, recognize as being different" - No, not about distinguishing things.

11. "perceive as familiar" - No, not about recognizing something as familiar.

The most appropriate sense is #1 - "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" because the sentence is expressing awareness/knowledge of a factual statement about education.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "very" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that <t>very</t> early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | examples=she was very gifted
2. definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

In this sentence, "very" is modifying the word "early". Let me check what each sense means:

Sense 1: "used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal" - with example "she was very gifted"

Sense 2: "precisely so" - with example "on the very next page"

In the sentence, "very early exposure" means "extremely early exposure" or "at an intensified level of earlyness". This is using "very" as an intensifier to strengthen the meaning of "early".

In sense 2, "very" in "on the very next page" means "precisely that next page" - it's emphasizing the exactness/precision.

In our sentence, "very early" is definitely using "very" as an intensifier to mean "extremely early" or "at a high degree of earliness", which matches sense 1.

The answer is 1.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "early" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very <t>early</t> exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time | examples=early morning
2. definition=being or occurring at an early stage of development | examples=in an early stage
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very young | examples=at an early age
5. definition=of an early stage in the development of a language or literature | examples=the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C.
6. definition=expected in the near future | examples=look for an early end to the negotiations

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The word "early" here is modifying "exposure to schooling." We need to determine which sense fits best.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time" - This could fit if we're talking about exposure happening before the usual time, but that's not quite the main meaning here.

2. "being or occurring at an early stage of development" - This fits well. The sentence is talking about exposure to schooling at an early stage of a child's development (very young stage). The exposure happens during an early stage of development.

3. "belonging to the distant past" - No, this doesn't fit.

4. "very young" - This could work too - "early exposure" could mean exposure at a very young age. This seems like it could be the answer.

5. "of an early stage in the development of a language or literature" - No, this is specific to language/literature.

6. "expected in the near future" - No, this doesn't fit the context.

Between senses 2 and 4, I think 4 is more accurate. The sentence is talking about exposing children to schooling at a very young age. "Early age" is a common collocation, and sense 4 explicitly mentions "at an early age" as an example.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 4: "very young | examples=at an early age" - this is clearly what's being used here. "Early exposure" means exposure at a young age.

The answer should be 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "exposure" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early <t>exposure</t> to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain;  or | examples=exposure to the weather
2. definition=the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience | examples=she denounced the exposure of children to pornography
3. definition=the disclosure of something secret | examples=they feared exposure of their campaign plans
4. definition=aspect resulting from the direction a building or window faces | examples=the studio had a northern exposure
5. definition=the state of being vulnerable or exposed | examples=his vulnerability to litigation
6. definition=the intensity of light falling on a photographic film or plate | examples=he used the wrong exposure
7. definition=a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material
8. definition=the act of exposing film to light
9. definition=presentation to view in an open or public manner | examples=the exposure of his anger was shocking
10. definition=abandoning without shelter or protection (as by leaving as infant out in the open)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

In this context, "exposure to schooling" means the act of subjecting someone (children) to an influencing experience - specifically the experience of schooling/education.

Let me go through the senses:

1. Vulnerability to elements - No, not about weather
2. The act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience - YES, this matches. "Exposure to schooling" means subjecting children to the experience of schooling
3. Disclosure of something secret - No, not about revealing secrets
4. Aspect resulting from direction a building faces - No, not architectural
5. State of being vulnerable or exposed - This could be related but sense 2 is more specific and fitting
6. Intensity of light on film - No, not about photography
7. Representation on film - No, not about photography
8. Act of exposing film to light - No, not about photography
9. Presentation to view - No, not about revealing publicly
10. Abandoning without shelter - No, not about abandonment

The best match is sense 2: "the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience" with the example "she denounced the exposure of children to pornography" - similar structure to "exposure to schooling"


[User]
Which numbered sense of "schooling" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to <t>schooling</t> improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of teaching at school
2. definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
3. definition=the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to <t>schooling</t> improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The context is about:
- Early exposure to schooling
- Improves performance in first grade
- This is clearly about formal education at school

Let me look at each sense:
1. "the act of teaching at school" - This could fit, as schooling is the act of teaching
2. "the process of being formally educated at a school" - This fits well with "exposure to schooling" and "improves performance in the first grade"
3. "the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage)" - This doesn't fit the context about first grade

Between senses 1 and 2:
- Sense 1 focuses on the "act of teaching"
- Sense 2 focuses on "the process of being formally educated"

The phrase "exposure to schooling" suggests the experience of undergoing education rather than just the act of teaching itself. Also, the context about "first grade" is about a child's educational experience.

Sense 2 seems more appropriate because it encompasses the entire process of formal education, which is what's being discussed.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "improve" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to schooling <t>improves</t> performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=to make better | examples=The editor improved the manuscript with his changes
2. definition=get better | examples=The weather improved toward evening

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The key is understanding what "improves" means in this context. Is it:
1. "to make better" (transitive - something is making something else better)
2. "get better" (intransitive - something is becoming better)

In the sentence, "exposure to schooling improves performance" - here "exposure to schooling" is the subject that is making "performance" better. This is a transitive use where exposure to schooling is the agent that makes performance better.

This matches sense 1: "to make better" where the editor improved the manuscript - the editor (subject) made the manuscript (object) better.

In sense 2, "get better" would be intransitive, like "The weather improved" - the weather itself became better.

So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "performance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to schooling improves <t>performance</t> in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=a dramatic or musical entertainment | examples=they listened to ten different performances
2. definition=the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment | examples=we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal
3. definition=the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it | examples=they criticised his performance as mayor
4. definition=any recognized accomplishment | examples=they admired his performance under stress
5. definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

In this context, "performance" refers to how well students do or function academically in the first grade. It's about their accomplishment or how they operate/function in an academic setting.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a dramatic or musical entertainment" - No, this isn't about entertainment.

2. "the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment" - No, not about presenting entertainment.

3. "the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it" - This could fit. It's about doing something successfully, using knowledge.

4. "any recognized accomplishment" - This could also fit. Academic performance is an accomplishment.

5. "process or manner of functioning or operating" - This could fit too. How students function/operate academically.

The sentence is talking about how well students perform (their accomplishment/how they function) in the first grade.

Looking more carefully:
- Sense 3 is about the act of performing, doing something successfully
- Sense 4 is about any recognized accomplishment
- Sense 5 is about the process or manner of functioning

In the context of school performance, it's really about how well they're functioning and their accomplishment. I think sense 3 is the most specific - it's about doing something successfully (academic work), which is what "performance in first grade" means. But sense 4 (any recognized accomplishment) and sense 5 (manner of functioning) could also apply.

Actually, sense 5 mentions "the power of its engine determines its operation" and "process or manner of functioning or operating" - this seems to be about how something works/operates, not about accomplishment.

Between 3 and 4, I think 3 is more accurate because it emphasizes the actual doing/performing of academic tasks successfully, rather than just the result (accomplishment).
Reconsidering the educational context, "academic performance" typically emphasizes results and accomplishments rather than the process itself. Sense 4 captures this better—it's the measurable outcome of students' work, not just the act of performing it.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the <t>first</t> grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. definition=serving to set in motion | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue
4. definition=serving to begin | examples=the beginning canto of the poem
5. definition=ranking above all others | examples=was first in her class
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the <t>first</t> grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The word "first" is being used to describe "grade" - specifically "first grade." This is referring to the first grade level in school, which is the beginning grade/unit in the sequence of grades.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "preceding all others in time or space or degree" - This could fit, as first grade comes before other grades, but it's more about being the first in a sequence.

2. "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - This fits perfectly. First grade is the beginning unit in the series of grades in school.

3. "serving to set in motion" - This doesn't seem right. We're not talking about something that sets things in motion.

4. "serving to begin" - This is similar to 2, but it's more about "serving to begin" rather than "indicating the beginning unit in a series."

5. "ranking above all others" - This doesn't fit. First grade is not ranking above all others.

6. "highest in pitch or chief among parts" - This doesn't fit at all.

The best fit is sense 2 - "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - because "first grade" is the first grade in the sequence of grades in school.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "grade" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first <t>grade</t>, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
2. definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. definition=the gradient of a slope or road or other surface | examples=the road had a steep grade
4. definition=one-hundredth of a right angle
5. definition=a degree of ablaut
6. definition=a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance) | examples=she made good marks in algebra
7. definition=the height of the ground on which something stands | examples=the base of the tower was below grade
8. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence
9. definition=a variety of cattle produced by crossbreeding with a superior breed

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first <t>grade</t>, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The context here is about schooling and educational levels. The phrase "first grade" refers to the first year/level of formal schooling where students are grouped together by age and educational level.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a body of students who are taught together" - This is about a group of students. "First grade" could refer to the group of students in first grade, but this is more about the educational level/year itself.

2. "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" - This is about ranking or positioning in a hierarchy.

3. "the gradient of a slope or road or other surface" - This is about the steepness of a physical slope, not relevant here.

4. "one-hundredth of a right angle" - This is a measurement unit, not relevant.

5. "a degree of ablaut" - This is a linguistic term, not relevant.

6. "a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)" - This is about marks/scores, not about the educational level itself.

7. "the height of the ground on which something stands" - This is about physical height, not relevant.

8. "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - This is a general scale position.

9. "a variety of cattle produced by crossbreeding" - Not relevant.

Looking at sense 1 again: "a body of students who are taught together" with example "early morning classes are always sleepy" - this seems to refer to a class or group of students.

In American English, "first grade" is the first year of elementary school, which is essentially a level/year of schooling. This would best fit sense 1 - a body of students (all the students in first grade) who are taught together.
The educational meaning of "grade" as a year or level in school aligns with sense 1, which encompasses all students at that particular level learning together. The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "difference" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the <t>difference</t> is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | examples=he had a dispute with his wife
4. definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing
5. definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The sentence is saying that the improvement (or advantage) gained from early exposure to schooling doesn't last - it disappears after first grade. The "difference" here refers to the improvement or advantage that was created by the early schooling.

Let me check each sense:

1. "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" - This could fit, as it's talking about the difference between those with early exposure and those without. But it seems more specific than this.

2. "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" - This could fit. The early exposure creates a variation from the norm, but this variation is "washed away" afterward.

3. "a disagreement or argument about something important" - This doesn't fit at all.

4. "a significant change" - This fits well. The difference that is "washed away" refers to the significant change/improvement that early exposure created. This change is temporary and disappears.

5. "the number that remains after subtraction" - This is a mathematical definition and doesn't fit the context.

Between 1, 2, and 4:
- Sense 1 is too general
- Sense 2 is about deviation from norm, which could work but seems less natural
- Sense 4 "a significant change" seems to fit best in the context. The early exposure makes a significant difference (change) in performance, but this difference (change) is "washed away" afterward.

I think the answer is 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "quickly" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is <t>quickly</t> washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=with rapid movements | examples=he works quickly
2. definition=with little or no delay | examples=the rescue squad arrived promptly
3. definition=without taking pains | examples=he looked cursorily through the magazine

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is <t>quickly</t> washed away."

The sentence is saying that the initial advantage from early schooling exposure disappears rapidly over time - it is washed away in a short amount of time.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "with rapid movements" - This would mean the act of washing away happens with rapid movements. While this could technically apply, it's not the primary meaning here.

2. "with little or no delay" - This means something happens soon after or without delay. In the context of the sentence, the difference is washed away without much delay/quickly after the first grade. This seems to fit - the advantage disappears soon/in a short time.

3. "without taking pains" - This means carelessly or superficially. This doesn't fit the context well.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 1 and 2 more carefully.

Sense 1 is about rapid movements/speed of action.
Sense 2 is about lack of delay/soon/quickly in time.

In the sentence, "the difference is quickly washed away" - the meaning is that over a short period of time, the difference disappears. It's not so much about rapid movements, but rather about the speed at which it happens (time-based, not movement-based).

Sense 2 "with little or no delay" captures this better - the difference is washed away with little delay, meaning soon after.

Wait, let me look at sense 2 again: "definition=with little or no delay | examples=the rescue squad arrived promptly"

The example "arrived promptly" means they arrived soon/without delay. In our sentence, "the difference is quickly washed away" means the difference disappears soon/in a short time. This matches sense 2.

The answer should be 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "wash_away" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly <t>washed away</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=eliminate | examples=wash away all the differences
2. definition=remove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent | examples=he washed the dirt from his coat

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly <t>washed away</t>."

In this context, "washed away" is being used metaphorically to describe how the difference disappears or is eliminated over time. The sentence is saying that while early schooling helps in first grade, that advantage disappears quickly afterward.

Let me compare with the two senses:

1. "eliminate" - with example "wash away all the differences" - This matches the meaning in the sentence. The differences/advantages are being eliminated or erased.

2. "remove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent" - with example "he washed the dirt from his coat" - This is the literal, physical meaning of washing something clean. This doesn't fit the context of the sentence, which is not about physically cleaning something with water and soap.

The sentence uses "washed away" metaphorically to mean that the difference/advantage is eliminated or disappears. This corresponds to sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "sum_up" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us <t>sum up</t> what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=give a summary (of) | examples=he summed up his results
2. definition=be a summary of | examples=The abstract summarizes the main ideas in the paper
3. definition=determine the sum of | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work"

The phrase "sum up" is being used to mean "provide a summary of" or "summarize" what we know about education and reforms.

Let me check each sense:

1. "give a summary (of)" - example: "he summed up his results" - This means to provide a summary or condensed version of something. This matches our usage where we're asked to summarize what we know.

2. "be a summary of" - example: "The abstract summarizes the main ideas in the paper" - This would mean that something IS a summary, rather than the act of summarizing.

3. "determine the sum of" - example: "Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town" - This is the mathematical sense of adding numbers together.

In the sentence, "Let us sum up what we do know" is clearly an imperative asking someone to provide a summary or condensed version of what is known. This is the action of summarizing, which matches sense 1.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do <t>know</t> about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work:"

The usage here is asking what we are aware of or possess knowledge/information about regarding education and education reforms.

Looking at the senses:
1. "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - This fits perfectly. The sentence is asking what facts/information we know about education.
2. "know how to do or perform something" - Not this, not about performing
3. "be aware of the truth of something" - Could fit somewhat but not the best match
4. "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - Not about being acquainted
5. "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions" - Not about experiencing directly
6. "accept (someone) to be what is claimed" - Not applicable
7. "have fixed in the mind" - Could work but not the primary sense here
8. "have sexual intercourse with" - Definitely not
9. "know the nature or character of" - Not quite
10. "be able to distinguish, recognize as different" - Not this
11. "perceive as familiar" - Not this

The best fit is sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"

The sentence is essentially asking "what facts/information do we know about education..."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "education" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | examples=he received no formal education
2. definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life
4. definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "education" is being used.

The sentence is: "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea."

The context is discussing what we know about education and education reforms. This is talking about the field, institution, and practices of education in general - the activities, systems, and structures related to educating people.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - This could fit, as education reforms and what works/doesn't work in education refers to the activities and systems of teaching/instructing.

2. "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction" - This refers to the knowledge someone has personally acquired, not the system/field being discussed.

3. "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" - Similar to #2, this is about the personal process.

4. "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)" - This is about the profession itself.

5. "the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior)" - This is about manners and social behavior.

6. "the United States federal department..." - This is specific to a US government department, which doesn't apply here.

The most fitting sense is #1 - "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" because the sentence is discussing education reforms and what works in education as a system/field of activity, not about individual knowledge acquisition or the teaching profession specifically.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "education" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those <t>education</t> reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | examples=he received no formal education
2. definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life
4. definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "education" to determine which one is being used.

The sentence is: "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea."

In this context, "education reforms" refers to reforms in the field/system of education - specifically about policies and programs related to educational systems and practices.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - This could work, as reforms would relate to activities of educating/instructing.

2. "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction" - This doesn't fit well because "education reforms" wouldn't refer to reforms in the knowledge itself, but reforms in the system.

3. "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" - This is similar to #2 and doesn't fit as well.

4. "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)" - This could potentially fit if we're talking about reforms to the teaching profession.

5. "the result of good upbringing" - This doesn't fit at all.

6. "the United States federal department..." - This doesn't fit because the sentence isn't specifically about the federal department.

Looking at "education reforms," this phrase typically refers to reforms in the educational system, the activities and methods of educating/instructing. The most appropriate sense would be #1 - "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - because education reforms are about changing the activities/methods of educating and instructing.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "reform" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education <t>reforms</t> that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses | examples=justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts
2. definition=a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices | examples=the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians
3. definition=self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice | examples=the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "reforms" in the sentence:

"Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work"

The word "reforms" here refers to changes or modifications to education that are intended to improve it. The sentence is discussing specific education reforms and evaluating whether they work or not.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses" - This fits well. Education reforms are changes intended to correct problems/abuses in the education system.

2. "a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices" - This could also fit, as reforms are often campaigns to correct issues.

3. "self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice" - This doesn't fit. The reforms being discussed are about education systems, not personal moral improvement.

Between senses 1 and 2, sense 1 is the more general and primary sense - it refers to the changes themselves ("a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses"), while sense 2 refers to campaigns aimed at achieving those changes. In the context of the sentence, "reforms" most directly refers to the changes/improvements to education, which aligns with sense 1.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "work" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do <t>work</t> and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades
2. definition=be employed | examples=Is your husband working again?
3. definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought
4. definition=perform as expected when applied | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in
5. definition=shape, form, or improve a material | examples=work stone into tools
6. definition=give a workout to | examples=Some parents exercise their infants
7. definition=proceed along a path | examples=work one's way through the crowd
8. definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs
9. definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task
10. definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | examples=I cannot work a miracle
12. definition=cause to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. definition=prepare for crops | examples=Work the soil
14. definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily
15. definition=have and exert influence or effect | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter
16. definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls
18. definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. definition=make something, usually for a specific function | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully
21. definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough
22. definition=make uniform | examples=knead dough
23. definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | examples=He exploit the new taxation system
24. definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | examples=did you solve the problem?
25. definition=cause to undergo fermentation | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content
26. definition=go sour or spoil | examples=The milk has soured
27. definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work"

The word "work" here is being used in a context where it means something is effective or produces a desired result. The sentence is discussing which education reforms are effective and which are not.

Looking at the senses:
1. exert oneself - No, this is about effort
2. be employed - No, this is about having a job
3. have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected - YES, this fits. The reforms either "work" (are effective) or "do not work" (are not effective)
4. perform as expected when applied - This could work, but sense 3 seems more precise
5. shape/form - No
6. give a workout - No
7. proceed along a path - No
8. operate in certain place - No
9. proceed towards a goal - No
10. move in agitated manner - No
11. cause to happen - No
12. cause to work - No
13. prepare for crops - No
14. behave in certain way when handled - No
15. have influence/effect - This could work too
16. operate in or through - No
17. cause to operate - No
18. provoke/excite - No
19. gratify and charm - No
20. make something - No
21. move into/onto - No
22. make uniform - No
23. use to advantage - No
24. find solution - No
25. ferment - No
26. go sour - No
27. arrive at condition through motion - No

The best fit is sense 3: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected" with the example "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought"

This directly parallels the usage in the sentence where education reforms either "work" or "do not work" - meaning they are effective or not effective.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "work" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not <t>work</t>: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades
2. definition=be employed | examples=Is your husband working again?
3. definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought
4. definition=perform as expected when applied | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in
5. definition=shape, form, or improve a material | examples=work stone into tools
6. definition=give a workout to | examples=Some parents exercise their infants
7. definition=proceed along a path | examples=work one's way through the crowd
8. definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs
9. definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task
10. definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | examples=I cannot work a miracle
12. definition=cause to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. definition=prepare for crops | examples=Work the soil
14. definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily
15. definition=have and exert influence or effect | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter
16. definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls
18. definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. definition=make something, usually for a specific function | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully
21. definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough
22. definition=make uniform | examples=knead dough
23. definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | examples=He exploit the new taxation system
24. definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | examples=did you solve the problem?
25. definition=cause to undergo fermentation | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content
26. definition=go sour or spoil | examples=The milk has soured
27. definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand what sense of "work" is being used:

"Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not <t>work</t>: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea."

The context is about education reforms. The sentence is asking about reforms that "do work" and those that "do not work."

In this context, "work" means to be effective or successful - to have the desired effect or outcome. The question is whether education reforms are effective or produce the expected results.

Looking at the senses:
- Sense 1: exert oneself - doesn't fit
- Sense 2: be employed - doesn't fit
- Sense 3: have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected - THIS FITS PERFECTLY
- Sense 4: perform as expected when applied - similar but sense 3 is more direct
- Others don't fit the context

The answer should be **3** - because the sentence is asking which education reforms "have an effect or outcome" - i.e., which ones are effective/successful and which ones are not.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "parental" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "<t>Parental</t> involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced
2. definition=relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent | examples=parental guidance

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "parental" is being used.

The sentence reads: "Parental involvement is a bad idea."

Let me look at the two senses provided:

1. definition=designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced
   - This is a biological sense referring to parent organisms in breeding/hybridization contexts

2. definition=relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent | examples=parental guidance
   - This is about relating to or characteristic of parents in general

In the phrase "parental involvement," we're talking about involvement from parents (the adults responsible for children). This is clearly referring to the involvement of parents in education, which relates to "characteristic of or befitting a parent" - i.e., the involvement that parents have.

This matches sense 2, not sense 1 (which is specifically about biological generation in hybridization).

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involvement" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental <t>involvement</t> "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident
3. definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | examples=an interest in music
4. definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship
5. definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parental involvement is a bad idea."

In this context, "involvement" refers to parents taking part in or sharing in the activities related to their children's education. This is about parents participating and engaging in educational activities.

Looking at the senses:
1. "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" - This fits well with parental involvement in education. Parents are participating/sharing in educational activities.
2. "a connection of inclusion or containment" - This doesn't fit the context.
3. "a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something" - This is more about interest, which could relate but isn't the primary meaning here.
4. "a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship" - Definitely not relevant here.
5. "the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)" - This could work, but it's more about being partners/fellows rather than actively participating in activities.

The best fit is sense 1, which specifically mentions "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" and the example is about increasing students' engagement in class activities, which is very similar to parental involvement in education.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bad" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a <t>bad</t> idea.

Senses:
1. definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | examples=a bad report card
2. definition=very intense | examples=a bad headache
3. definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | examples=my throat feels bad
4. definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | examples=bad meat
5. definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth
6. definition=not capable of being collected | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
7. definition=below average in quality or performance | examples=a bad chess player
8. definition=nonstandard | examples=so-called bad grammar
9. definition=not financially safe or secure | examples=a bad investment
10. definition=physically unsound or diseased | examples=has a bad back
11. definition=capable of harming | examples=bad air
12. definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | examples=led a very bad life
13. definition=reproduced fraudulently | examples=like a bad penny...
14. definition=not working properly | examples=a bad telephone connection

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Parental involvement is a bad idea."

I need to determine which sense of "bad" is being used here. Let me think about what "bad idea" means. It means an idea that is not desirable or not a good choice - it's an idea with negative qualities or undesirable characteristics.

Looking at the senses:
1. having undesirable or negative qualities - this seems like it could fit
2. very intense - doesn't fit
3. feeling physical discomfort - doesn't fit
4. foodstuffs not edible - doesn't fit
5. feeling regret or sorrow - doesn't fit
6. not capable of being collected - doesn't fit
7. below average in quality - this could potentially fit
8. nonstandard - doesn't fit
9. not financially safe - doesn't fit
10. physically unsound - doesn't fit
11. capable of harming - could potentially fit, but less likely
12. characterized by wickedness or immorality - doesn't fit
13. reproduced fraudulently - doesn't fit
14. not working properly - doesn't fit

The most natural sense is #1 "having undesirable or negative qualities" because when we say something is a "bad idea," we mean it has undesirable or negative qualities - it's not a good course of action.

Sense #7 "below average in quality or performance" could also work, but it's more specific to quality/performance of something, whereas #1 is broader and more general.

I think #1 is the best answer.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "idea" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad <t>idea</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | examples=it was not a good idea
2. definition=your intention; what you intend to do | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher
3. definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | examples=an estimate of what it would cost
5. definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parental involvement is a bad idea."

I need to determine which sense of "idea" is being used here.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about" - examples: "it was not a good idea"
   - This matches! In the sentence, "parental involvement is a bad idea" means that the concept/thought of parental involvement is a bad idea. This is about the content of cognition - what you're thinking about.

2. "your intention; what you intend to do" - examples: "he had in mind to see his old teacher"
   - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about someone's intention or plan.

3. "a personal view" - examples: "he has an idea that we don't like him"
   - This could potentially fit, but it's more about a belief or opinion rather than just a view.

4. "an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth" - examples: "an estimate of what it would cost"
   - This doesn't fit at all. The sentence isn't about estimation or calculation.

5. "(music) melodic subject of a musical composition" - examples: "the theme is announced in the first measures"
   - This doesn't fit. There's no musical context.

The best match is sense 1: "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about." The example given is "it was not a good idea" which is nearly identical to our sentence structure. This sense captures the meaning that "parental involvement" is a concept/thought being evaluated as bad.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "parent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Senses:
1. definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

In this sentence, "parents" refers to fathers and mothers - the people who have children and are responsible for raising them. The sentence is discussing the behavior of these parental figures in relation to their children's education.

Looking at the senses:
1. a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Sense 1 is clearly the correct one here, as it refers to parents as human beings (fathers or mothers) who nurture and raise children.

Sense 2 would apply to biological parent organisms in a more general sense (could be plants or animals), but that's not the intended meaning in this sentence.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "too" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Senses:
1. definition=to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits | examples=too big
2. definition=in addition | examples=he has a Mercedes, too

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "too" in the sentence: "Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

In this sentence, "too" is modifying the adjective "likely." The sentence means that parents are excessively or to an excessive degree likely to blame schools. This exceeds a normal or proper limit.

Let me check against the two definitions:

1. "to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits" - This fits perfectly. "Too likely" means excessively likely, beyond what is normal or proper.

2. "in addition" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't saying "also" or "in addition."

The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "likely" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Senses:
1. definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long
2. definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | examples=a likely result
3. definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | examples=potential clients
4. definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

The word "likely" here is used to describe probability or chance. Let me examine each sense:

1. "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about" - This fits. Parents have a good chance of blaming schools. The sentence structure "are too likely to blame" matches the pattern "likely to [verb]" shown in the example "these services are likely to be available."

2. "likely but not certain to be or become true or real" - This is similar but seems more about the state/result itself rather than the action. The examples given are "a likely result."

3. "expected to become or be; in prospect" - This is about future potential states, not actions.

4. "within the realm of credibility" - This is about believability or plausibility of an excuse or claim, not about probability of action.

The sentence structure is "Parents are too likely to blame schools" which follows the pattern from sense 1: "are likely to [do something]" = "has a good chance of [doing something]."

The answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "blame" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents are too likely to <t>blame</t> schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Senses:
1. definition=put or pin the blame on
2. definition=harass with constant criticism | examples=Don't always pick on your little brother
3. definition=attribute responsibility to | examples=We blamed the accident on her

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

In this sentence, parents are attributing responsibility to schools for the educational limitations of their children. The structure is "blame [schools] for [educational limitations]".

Let me look at each sense:

1. "put or pin the blame on" - This is a general definition that could apply here
2. "harass with constant criticism" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about harassment or constant criticism of schools
3. "attribute responsibility to | examples=We blamed the accident on her" - This fits perfectly. Parents are attributing responsibility for the educational limitations to the schools.

Looking at sense 3, the example "We blamed the accident on her" has the same structure as the target sentence - it attributes responsibility for something (the accident) to someone (her).

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "school" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children.

Senses:
1. definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
2. definition=a building where young people receive education | examples=the school was built in 1932
3. definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
4. definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
5. definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | examples=stay after school
6. definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed
7. definition=a large group of fish | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

The word "schools" here refers to the institutions themselves - the places where education happens. The parents are blaming schools (the institutions) for educational limitations.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "an educational institution" - This seems to fit. Schools are educational institutions.
2. "a building where young people receive education" - This could also fit, as schools are buildings.
3. "the process of being formally educated at a school" - No, the sentence is not talking about the process of being educated, but the institutions themselves.
4. "a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or similar teachers" - No, this doesn't fit.
5. "the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session" - No, not talking about time periods.
6. "an educational institution's faculty and students" - This could potentially fit if we're thinking of the people/community.
7. "a large group of fish" - No, clearly not.

Between senses 1 and 2, sense 1 "an educational institution" is the most appropriate because it refers to schools as institutions broadly, while sense 2 specifically emphasizes the building aspect. In the context of blaming schools for educational limitations, we're thinking of schools as institutions and systems, not primarily as physical buildings.

Sense 6 is also possible, referring to the school as the community of faculty and students, but sense 1 seems most direct and clear.

I think sense 1 is the best answer.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "educational" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents are too likely to blame schools for the <t>educational</t> limitations of their children.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

I need to determine which sense of "educational" is being used here:

1. "relating to the process of education" - This would mean the limitations are about/connected to the process of education itself
2. "providing knowledge" - This would mean the limitations involve providing knowledge

In the sentence, "educational limitations" refers to the limitations in terms of education or learning capacity - it's describing what kind of limitations they are. The limitations are limitations related to/concerning education.

This fits better with sense 1: "relating to the process of education" - because "educational limitations" describes limitations that pertain to or are related to education.

Sense 2 "providing knowledge" wouldn't fit as well because the phrase isn't about something that provides knowledge - rather it's describing limitations that relate to the educational domain.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "limitation" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational <t>limitations</t> of their children.

Senses:
1. definition=a principle that limits the extent of something | examples=I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements
2. definition=the quality of being limited or restricted | examples=it is a good plan but it has serious limitations
3. definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet
4. definition=(law) a time period after which suits cannot be brought | examples=statute of limitations
5. definition=an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

In this context, "limitations" refers to the deficiencies or shortcomings in the educational abilities/achievements of the children. It's talking about what the children are lacking or not able to do well.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a principle that limits the extent of something" - This is more about a rule or principle. Not quite right.

2. "the quality of being limited or restricted" - This refers to the state or quality of being limited. In the sentence, "limitations" is referring to specific deficiencies or shortcomings (the children have educational limitations). This seems to fit - the limitations are the qualities/aspects that are limited or restricted about the children's education.

3. "the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed" - This is about a maximum limit, not about deficiencies.

4. "a time period after which suits cannot be brought" - Legal term, not applicable here.

5. "an act of limiting or restricting" - This is about the action of limiting, not the result.

The sentence is talking about the shortcomings or deficiencies in the children's education. Sense 2 best captures this - it's about the quality/characteristic of being limited or restricted in educational ability. The "limitations" are the aspects where the children are limited or restricted in their educational abilities.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "child" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=a young person of either sex | examples=she writes books for children
2. definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | examples=they had three children
3. definition=an immature childish person | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived
4. definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>."

The sentence is talking about parents and their children. In this context, "children" refers to the offspring of the parents - their sons and daughters.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a young person of either sex" - This is a general definition of children, but it's specifically about age/youth. The sentence could fit this definition since children are typically young.

2. "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - This is specifically about being the offspring of the parents. The phrase "their children" directly refers to the children of the parents. This seems like the best fit.

3. "an immature childish person" - This would mean the parents are immature people, which is not what's being said here.

4. "a member of a clan or tribe" - This doesn't fit the context of parents blaming schools.

The key phrase is "their children" - this is referring to the offspring of the parents. While sense 1 could work if the children happen to be young, sense 2 is more general and accurate because it specifically defines "children" as offspring of any age. The use of "their" strongly suggests the family/offspring relationship.

I think the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "parent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Parents</t> should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Senses:
1. definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "parent" is being used.

The sentence is: "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."

Looking at the two definitions:

1. "a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian" - This refers to human parents who have responsibility for children's upbringing and guardianship.

2. "an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained" - This is a more biological/scientific definition referring to organisms that reproduce.

In the sentence, "Parents" clearly refers to fathers and mothers who are responsible for their children's education. The sentence is talking about the human guardians/parents of children, not about organisms in a biological sense.

Therefore, the correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involved" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents should be <t>involved</t> with their children's education at home, not in school.

Senses:
1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
3. definition=emotionally involved
4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents should be <t>involved</t> with their children's education at home, not in school."

The word "involved" here means that parents should participate in or be connected with their children's education through their participation. They should actively engage with and be associated with their children's educational activities.

Let me check each definition:

1. "connected by participation or association or use" - This fits perfectly. Parents being "involved" in their children's education means they are connected through participation in educational activities.

2. "entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire" - This doesn't fit. We're not saying parents are entangled or hindered.

3. "emotionally involved" - While there could be an emotional component, this isn't the primary meaning in this context. The focus is on participation, not emotional attachment.

4. "highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious" - This doesn't apply at all.

5. "enveloped" - This doesn't fit either.

The correct answer is sense 1, which emphasizes participation and association.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "child" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents should be involved with their <t>children</t>'s education at home, not in school.

Senses:
1. definition=a young person of either sex | examples=she writes books for children
2. definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | examples=they had three children
3. definition=an immature childish person | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived
4. definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."

The word "children" here refers to the offspring of the parents. The sentence is talking about parents being involved in their own children's (sons or daughters) education.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a young person of either sex" - This could fit, but it's more specific about age (young person)
2. "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - This fits perfectly. The sentence is about parents and their children (offspring), regardless of the specific age of those children
3. "an immature childish person" - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about someone being immature or childish
4. "a member of a clan or tribe" - This doesn't fit the context

The best fit is sense 2, because:
- The sentence refers to parents and their children in a family relationship context
- It's about offspring (parents' children)
- The phrase "of any age" is important because the sentence doesn't specify that these have to be young children - they could be teenagers
- This is the standard biological/familial meaning

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "education" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents should be involved with their children's <t>education</t> at home, not in school.

Senses:
1. definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | examples=he received no formal education
2. definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life
4. definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents should be involved with their children's <t>education</t> at home, not in school."

The context is about parents being involved with their children's education at home. This is talking about the activities, learning, and instruction that should happen at home as part of children's overall schooling and development.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - This fits well. Parents being involved in educational activities that impart knowledge or skill fits this definition.

2. "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction" - This could work too, as the child's acquired knowledge is what's being referenced.

3. "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" - This could also work as education is a process.

4. "the profession of teaching" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about the teaching profession.

5. "the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior)" - This could fit as upbringing is related to home education.

6. "the United States federal department..." - This doesn't fit at all.

The most natural interpretation is sense 1 - "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" because the sentence is specifically about parents being involved in educational activities at home.

Sense 2 would refer more to the knowledge itself rather than the activities/process.

I think sense 1 is the best answer.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "home" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Parents should be involved with their children's education at <t>home</t>, not in school.

Senses:
1. definition=where you live at a particular time | examples=deliver the package to my home
2. definition=housing that someone is living in | examples=he built a modest dwelling near the pond
3. definition=the country or state or city where you live | examples=Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home
4. definition=(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score | examples=he ruled that the runner failed to touch home
5. definition=the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end
6. definition=place where something began and flourished | examples=the United States is the home of basketball
7. definition=an environment offering affection and security | examples=home is where the heart is
8. definition=a social unit living together | examples=he moved his family to Virginia
9. definition=an institution where people are cared for | examples=a home for the elderly

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."

In this context, "home" refers to the place where a child lives with their parents/family, as opposed to school. The sentence is contrasting education that happens at home (with parents) versus education that happens at school.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "where you live at a particular time" - This could fit, as "home" is where you live
2. "housing that someone is living in" - This is about the physical dwelling/house
3. "the country or state or city where you live" - This is too broad/geographical
4. "(baseball) base" - Clearly not applicable here
5. "place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end" - Not applicable
6. "place where something began and flourished" - Not applicable
7. "an environment offering affection and security" - This could fit, as home is a place with family and comfort
8. "a social unit living together" - This refers to the family unit
9. "an institution where people are cared for" - Not applicable (like retirement home)

The most straightforward interpretation is sense 1: "where you live at a particular time" or sense 7: "an environment offering affection and security."

Actually, looking more carefully, sense 1 seems most direct - "home" is being used to indicate the place where you live, where parents and children are together. This is the most literal and common usage in this context.

The answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "see" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They should <t>see</t> to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Senses:
1. definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details
2. definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | examples=Now I see!
3. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
4. definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | examples=I can't see him on horseback!
5. definition=deem to be | examples=She views this quite differently from me
6. definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children
7. definition=see or watch | examples=view a show on television
8. definition=come together | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting
9. definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French
10. definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | examples=He verified that the valves were closed
11. definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer
12. definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. definition=take charge of or deal with | examples=Could you see about lunch?
15. definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now
16. definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?
17. definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow
19. definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage
21. definition=go or live through | examples=We had many trials to go through
22. definition=accompany or escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | examples=What message do you see in this letter?

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."

The phrase is "see to it that" which means to make sure something happens, or to be responsible for ensuring something. The subsequent clauses clarify what they need to ensure: "that their kids do not play truant" and "that the children spend enough time doing homework."

Looking at the definition of sense 10: "be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something" with the example "He verified that the valves were closed"

This matches perfectly. "See to it that" means to make certain of something, which is exactly what sense 10 describes.

Sense 14 says "take charge of or deal with" with example "Could you see about lunch?" - this is somewhat similar but sense 10 is more precise as it specifically refers to making certain of something.

The answer is 10.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "kid" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They should see to it that their <t>kids</t> do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Senses:
1. definition=a young person of either sex | examples=she writes books for children
2. definition=soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat | examples=kid gloves
3. definition=English dramatist (1558-1594)
4. definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | examples=they had three children
5. definition=young goat

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "kids" is being used.

The sentence is: "They should see to it that their <t>kids</t> do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."

The context shows:
- Parents should ensure their kids don't play truant (skip school)
- Parents should ensure children spend time doing homework
- Parents should check the report card

"Kids" is clearly being used to refer to young people/children in this context. The sentence is about parents monitoring their children's school attendance and academic performance.

Now let me check each sense:
1. "a young person of either sex" - this fits! Kids who play truant and do homework
2. "soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat" - this doesn't fit
3. "English dramatist (1558-1594)" - this doesn't fit
4. "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - this could potentially fit, but the context (play truant, homework, report cards) suggests young children, not offspring of any age
5. "young goat" - this doesn't fit

The most accurate sense is #1: "a young person of either sex" - this captures that kids refers to young people/children in this context. Sense 4 would be broader (any age), but the examples in sense 1 specifically mention "children" which aligns with the usage here.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "play" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They should see to it that their kids do not <t>play</t> truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Senses:
1. definition=participate in games or sport | examples=We played hockey all afternoon
2. definition=act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome | examples=This factor played only a minor part in his decision
3. definition=play on an instrument | examples=The band played all night long
4. definition=play a role or part | examples=Gielgud played Hamlet
5. definition=be at play; be engaged in playful activity; amuse oneself in a way characteristic of children | examples=The kids were playing outside all day
6. definition=replay (as a melody) | examples=Play it again, Sam
7. definition=perform music on (a musical instrument) | examples=He plays the flute
8. definition=pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind | examples=He acted the idiot
9. definition=move or seem to move quickly, lightly, or irregularly | examples=The spotlights played on the politicians
10. definition=bet or wager (money) | examples=He played $20 on the new horse
11. definition=engage in recreational activities rather than work; occupy oneself in a diversion | examples=On weekends I play
12. definition=pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game or playful activity | examples=Let's play like I am mommy
13. definition=emit recorded sound | examples=The tape was playing for hours
14. definition=perform on a certain location | examples=The prodigy played Carnegie Hall at the age of 16
15. definition=put (a card or piece) into play during a game, or act strategically as if in a card game | examples=He is playing his cards close to his chest
16. definition=engage in an activity as if it were a game rather than take it seriously | examples=They played games on their opponents
17. definition=behave in a certain way | examples=play safe
18. definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again
19. definition=manipulate manually or in one's mind or imagination | examples=She played nervously with her wedding ring
20. definition=use to one's advantage | examples=She plays on her clients' emotions
21. definition=consider not very seriously | examples=He is trifling with her
22. definition=be received or accepted or interpreted in a specific way | examples=This speech didn't play well with the American public
23. definition=behave carelessly or indifferently | examples=Play about with a young girl's affection
24. definition=cause to move or operate freely within a bounded space | examples=The engine has a wheel that is playing in a rack
25. definition=perform on a stage or theater | examples=She acts in this play
26. definition=be performed or presented for public viewing | examples=What's playing in the local movie theater?
27. definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | examples=I cannot work a miracle
28. definition=discharge or direct or be discharged or directed as if in a continuous stream | examples=play water from a hose
29. definition=make bets | examples=Play the races
30. definition=stake on the outcome of an issue | examples=I bet $100 on that new horse
31. definition=shoot or hit in a particular manner | examples=She played a good backhand last night
32. definition=use or move | examples=I had to play my queen
33. definition=employ in a game or in a specific position | examples=They played him on first base
34. definition=contend against an opponent in a sport, game, or battle | examples=Princeton plays Yale this weekend
35. definition=exhaust by allowing to pull on the line | examples=play a hooked fish

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."

The phrase is "play truant" - this means to stay away from school without permission, or to skip school.

Looking at the definitions:
- This is not about sports or games (1)
- This is not about having an effect (2)
- Not about musical instruments (3, 6, 7, 13, 14, 18)
- Not about acting a role (4)
- Not about playful activity (5)
- Not about betting (10, 29, 30)
- Not about recreational activities (11)
- Not about pretending to be someone (12)
- Not about manipulating with hands (19)
- Not about using to advantage (20)
- Not about being received/accepted (22)
- Not about carelessly behaving (23)
- Not about moving within space (24)

I need to find what "play truant" means. It means to behave or act in a certain way - specifically, to deliberately stay away from school.

Looking at sense 17: "behave in a certain way" with examples "play safe"

This is the best match. "Play truant" is similar to "play safe" - it's using "play" to describe behaving in a certain way. "Play truant" means to behave as a truant (to act as someone who plays truant).

The answer should be 17.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "child" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the <t>children</t> spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Senses:
1. definition=a young person of either sex | examples=she writes books for children
2. definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | examples=they had three children
3. definition=an immature childish person | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived
4. definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "child" is being used:

"They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the <t>children</t> spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."

Context clues:
- "their kids" - referring to offspring
- "play truant" - behavior associated with school-age people, but could be any age child
- "homework" - typically school-related
- "report card" - typically associated with school-age children, but could extend to any age

The key phrase is "their kids/children" - this indicates they are the offspring of the parents mentioned ("they").

Let me check each sense:
1. "a young person of either sex" - this would typically imply children who are not yet adults/adolescents
2. "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - this is about being the offspring of parents, regardless of the child's age
3. "an immature childish person" - this refers to an adult who acts immature
4. "a member of a clan or tribe" - this is about group membership

The sentence is talking about "their" children - meaning the offspring of the parents. The context mentions homework and report cards, which suggests school-age children, but the key meaning here is that these are the offspring of the parents ("they").

Sense 2 seems most appropriate: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - because the emphasis is on the relationship (their children/offspring), not on their age or maturity level.

However, sense 1 could also work if we assume these are young people. But sense 2 is more general and encompasses the primary meaning in this context.

I would say sense 2 is the correct answer.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "spend" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children <t>spend</t> enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Senses:
1. definition=pass time in a specific way | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
2. definition=pay out | examples=spend money
3. definition=spend completely | examples=I spend my pocket money in two days

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "spend" is being used.

The sentence is: "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children <t>spend</t> enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."

In this context, "spend" is used with "time" as the object: "spend enough time doing homework"

Let me check each sense:

1. "pass time in a specific way" - example: "how are you spending your summer vacation?" - This is about using time in a particular way or manner.

2. "pay out" - example: "spend money" - This is about using money/resources. The object here is money.

3. "spend completely" - example: "I spend my pocket money in two days" - This is about using up/exhausting something completely, often in a short period.

In the sentence, "spend enough time doing homework" means to use/pass time in the specific activity of doing homework. This matches sense 1: "pass time in a specific way" - the specific way being "doing homework."

This is different from sense 3 because we're not saying the time is completely used up or exhausted; we're just saying they should use time on homework.

The answer is 1.