[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to <t>develop</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop."

In this context, "develop" means that colon cancer comes into existence or comes into being - it's talking about the disease arising or appearing as a result of gene damage.

Let me go through the senses:

1. Make something new - No, colon cancer is not being made/created
2. Work out - No
3. Gain through experience - No
4. Come to have physical features - No
5. Come into existence; take on form or shape - This could fit - colon cancer comes into existence
6. Change the use of land - No
7. Elaborate theories - No
8. Create by training - No
9. Be gradually disclosed - This could fit, but not the best
10. Grow, progress, unfold through natural growth/evolution - This fits well - colon cancer develops/progresses through natural cellular evolution
11. Become technologically advanced - No
12. Cause to grow and differentiate - No
13. Generate gradually - This could fit
14. Grow emotionally or mature - No
15. Make visible chemically - No
16. Geometry - No
17-19. Chess/music - No
20. Happen - This is generic but could fit
21. Expand as a series - No

The most precise sense seems to be #10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment" with the example "A flower developed on the branch"

This matches the context where colon cancer develops through natural cellular processes when genes are damaged. It's about the disease growing and progressing, similar to how a flower develops on a branch.

Actually, sense #5 "come into existence; take on form or shape" could also work, but #10 seems more specific to the biological context of disease development.

I think #10 is the best answer.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Their <t>report</t> galvanized other molecular biologists.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble
3. definition=a short account of the news | examples=the report of his speech
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Their <t>report</t> galvanized other molecular biologists."

The sentence is talking about "their report" that galvanized (excited and motivated) other molecular biologists. This suggests it's a document that they published or created that had an impact on other scientists.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" - This fits well. A report of scientific findings would galvanize other biologists.

2. "the act of informing by verbal report" - This is about the act of informing, not a document. Doesn't fit as well.

3. "a short account of the news" - This is about news reporting, not scientific findings.

4. "a sharp explosive sound" - Clearly not about sound here.

5. "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment" - This is about a student report card, not a scientific document.

6. "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)" - Could fit somewhat, but it's more general than a specific scientific document.

7. "the general estimation that the public has for a person" - This is about reputation, not relevant here.

The best fit is sense 1: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" because it's talking about a scientific report that had impact on other biologists, which would be a written document presenting their findings.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "galvanize" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Their report <t>galvanized</t> other molecular biologists.

Senses:
1. definition=to stimulate to action | examples=..startled him awake
2. definition=cover with zinc | examples=galvanize steel
3. definition=stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Their report galvanized other molecular biologists."

In this context, "galvanized" means to stimulate or provoke action in the molecular biologists. The report caused them to take action or become motivated.

Looking at the three senses:
1. "to stimulate to action" - This matches perfectly. The report stimulated the biologists to take action.
2. "cover with zinc" - This is the literal/metallurgical definition, which doesn't apply here.
3. "stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock" - This is about electrical stimulation of muscles, which doesn't apply here.

The correct sense is #1, which defines galvanize as "to stimulate to action."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Their report galvanized <t>other</t> molecular biologists.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Their report galvanized <t>other</t> molecular biologists."

Looking at each sense:

1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - This would mean molecular biologists not already mentioned. The sentence is saying their report caused other (different/additional) molecular biologists to become energized/motivated. This fits the meaning of "different from or in addition to those already mentioned."

2. "recently past" - This would be describing when something happened (like "the other evening"). This doesn't fit the context.

3. "belonging to the distant past" - This is about historical times. Doesn't fit.

4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" - This would mean the molecular biologists were strange or unusual in character. This doesn't seem to be the intended meaning.

The correct answer is sense 1. The word "other" refers to molecular biologists that are not the same ones (probably not the ones who wrote the report, or not ones previously mentioned). It means "different/additional" molecular biologists.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "confirming" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the <t>confirming</t> evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | examples=a positive pregnancy test
2. definition=serving to support or corroborate | examples=collateral evidence

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "confirming" is being used.

The sentence is: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor"

Let me look at the two senses:

1. "indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen" - example: a positive pregnancy test
   This sense is about evidence that shows/indicates something exists or is present.

2. "serving to support or corroborate" - example: collateral evidence
   This sense is about evidence that supports or confirms something already suspected or proposed.

In the sentence, the evidence is described as something "we all needed" to confirm that "gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor." The evidence is serving to support/corroborate the hypothesis that gene losses are critical.

However, looking more carefully, the evidence could also be described as "indicating the existence or presence" of the connection between gene losses and tumor development.

But the phrase "confirming evidence we all needed" suggests it's serving to support a theory or corroborate a suspected link. The evidence helps to confirm/support the idea that gene losses are critical.

This seems more aligned with sense 2: "serving to support or corroborate" - the evidence is corroborating the theory about gene losses and tumor development.

Actually, sense 1 could also fit because the evidence indicates the presence/existence of the connection between gene losses and tumor development.

Let me reconsider: The key difference is whether the evidence is:
1. Indicating/showing existence of something (sense 1)
2. Supporting/corroborating something already thought or suspected (sense 2)

Given that they needed "confirming evidence" to establish that something "was critical," it seems the evidence is serving to support/corroborate a hypothesis or theory. This fits better with sense 2.

I believe the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "evidence" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming <t>evidence</t> we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence is: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" - This refers to evidence as factual information or proof that serves as grounds for belief. The example given is "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling."

2. "an indication that makes something evident" - This refers to evidence as a sign or indicator of something. The example given is "his trembling was evidence of his fear" - where trembling is a sign/indication of fear.

3. "(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved" - This is specifically legal evidence used in court.

In the sentence, "evidence" refers to factual information or proof that serves as the basis for believing that "gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor." The speaker is talking about evidence as something that confirms or validates a belief/conclusion. This aligns with sense 1 - "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief."

It's not sense 2 because "evidence" here isn't just an indication or sign, but rather proof/confirmation of a scientific finding.

It's not sense 3 because there's no legal context.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "need" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did
2. definition=have need of | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "need":

The sentence is: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor"

Breaking this down:
- "we all needed" - what does this mean?
- The evidence was something "we all needed"
- It's describing that the evidence was necessary/required

Now let me look at the three senses:

1. "require as useful, just, or proper" - example: "It takes nerve to do what she did"
   This sense means something is necessary or required for a purpose

2. "have need of" - example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
   This is similar to sense 1 but framed differently

3. "have or feel a need for" - example: "always needing friends and money"
   This sense implies a subjective feeling or desire for something

In the sentence, "we all needed that gene losses were critical" - the evidence is described as something that was necessary/required. The people needed this evidence - it was essential to them.

This seems to fit sense 1 best: "require as useful, just, or proper" - the evidence was required/necessary for understanding the tumor development.

Sense 3 ("have or feel a need for") could also work, but it seems less appropriate as the focus is on what was required/necessary rather than on a feeling or desire.

I think the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "loss" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene <t>losses</t> were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss
2. definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss
3. definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
4. definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation
5. definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
6. definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | examples=the company operated at a loss last year
7. definition=military personnel lost by death or capture
8. definition=euphemistic expressions for death | examples=thousands mourned his passing

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "loss" is being used.

The sentence is: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene <t>losses</t> were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

In this context, "gene losses" refers to instances where genes are lost or removed. The sentence is talking about the disappearance or absence of genes as a factor in tumor development.

Let me look at each definition:

1. "something that is lost" - This could fit, as genes that are lost would be "something that is lost"
2. "gradual decline in amount or activity" - This could also fit, as losing genes is a decline
3. "the act of losing someone or something" - This could fit as it's about the act of losing genes
4. "the disadvantage that results from losing something" - This doesn't fit well, as the focus isn't on the disadvantage
5. "the experience of losing a loved one" - Doesn't fit, not about loved ones
6. "the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue" - Doesn't fit, not about business
7. "military personnel lost by death or capture" - Doesn't fit, not about military
8. "euphemistic expressions for death" - Doesn't fit, not about death

The most precise fit would be sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity" - because gene losses refer to a loss of genes in biological/molecular sense, which is about the absence or reduction of genes. This fits the scientific context of discussing genetic losses in tumor development.

Actually, looking more carefully, sense 1 "something that is lost" could also work. But in the scientific context of genes being lost as a process in development, sense 2 about "gradual decline in amount or activity" seems more appropriate.

I believe the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "critical" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were <t>critical</t> to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws | examples=a critical attitude
2. definition=at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction | examples=a critical temperature of water is 100 degrees C--its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure
3. definition=characterized by careful evaluation and judgment | examples=a critical reading
4. definition=urgently needed; absolutely necessary | examples=a critical element of the plan
5. definition=forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis | examples=a critical point in the campaign
6. definition=being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency | examples=a critical shortage of food
7. definition=of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism | examples=critical acclaim

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "critical" is being used:

"It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were <t>critical</t> to the development of a common tumor"

In this context, "critical" is describing gene losses in relation to the development of a tumor. It's saying that gene losses are essential or necessary for tumor development.

Let me check each sense:

1. "marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws" - No, this is about being judgmental
2. "at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change" - No, this is about a physical threshold
3. "characterized by careful evaluation and judgment" - No, this is about analysis
4. "urgently needed; absolutely necessary" - YES, this fits. Gene losses are necessary/essential to tumor development
5. "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis" - This could fit somewhat, but it's more about a turning point
6. "being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency" - No, this is about a state of being
7. "of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism" - No, this is about criticism

The best fit is sense 4: "urgently needed; absolutely necessary" - the gene losses are necessary (essential) to the development of the tumor.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "development" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the <t>development</t> of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency
2. definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | examples=the development of his ideas took many years
3. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq
5. definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | examples=the development of Alaskan resources
6. definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter
8. definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "development" is being used:

"It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

In this sentence, "development of a common tumor" refers to the process by which a tumor forms and grows. This is talking about a biological process where something develops/grows organically from a simpler state to a more complex state.

Let me check each sense:

1. "act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining" - This is about planning/creating something, not quite right
2. "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)" - This could work, but it's more general
3. "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level" - This is about biological development/growth of an organism
4. "a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation" - No, this is about news/events
5. "the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful" - No, this is about land development
6. "a district that has been developed to serve some purpose" - No, this is about a physical place
7. "a state in which things are improving; the result of developing" - More general
8. "processing a photosensitive material" - No, this is about photography
9. "(music) the section of a composition" - No, this is about music

The development of a tumor is a biological process where abnormal cells grow and form a tumor. This matches sense 3 best - it's the biological process of something growing/changing from a simpler to more complex state, like the development of an organism.

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a <t>common</t> tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a <t>common</t> tumor"

I need to determine what "common" means in this context. The sentence is talking about a tumor that is widespread or frequently occurring, not a special or rare tumor. It's referring to a type of tumor that is frequently seen or encountered in medical/scientific contexts.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public" - Not quite, it's not about something shared by a community as a whole
2. "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" - This seems to fit. A "common tumor" would be one that is widely encountered or ordinary/usual
3. "common to or shared by two or more parties" - No, this would mean shared by multiple people
4. "commonly encountered" - This definitely fits - a common tumor is one that is frequently encountered
5. "being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language" - No, this is about language
6. "of or associated with the great masses of people" - Could work, but seems less precise
7. "of low or inferior quality or value" - No, doesn't fit
8. "lacking refinement or cultivation or taste" - No, doesn't fit
9. "to be expected; standard" - Could work - a standard type of tumor

Between options 2, 4, and 9, option 2 seems most appropriate: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" - this captures the meaning of a common (frequently occurring, typical) tumor.

Option 4 "commonly encountered" is essentially the same meaning and very close, but option 2 provides the full definition that encompasses this meaning.

Actually, looking more carefully, option 4 is very specific: "commonly encountered" which is exactly what we're saying about a common tumor. But option 2 also includes "widely known or commonly encountered."
The most complete definition is option 2, which encompasses the full range of what "common" conveys here—a tumor that's typical and frequently seen rather than rare or distinctive.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "<t>says</t> Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City."

Here, "says" is being used to attribute a statement or quote to Ray White. The sentence is presenting Ray White's statement or report about the evidence.

Let me go through the senses:

1. "express in words" - This is a general definition, but the example shows direct speech/expressing thoughts
2. "report or maintain" - This means to say or claim something (often used in reporting/journalism context)
3. "express a supposition" - This is about hypothetical statements ("let us say that...")
4. "have or contain a certain wording or form" - This is about written text
5. "give instructions to direct somebody" - This is about commands
6. "speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way" - This is about the manner of speaking
7. "communicate or express nonverbally" - This is about non-verbal communication
8. "utter aloud" - This is about speaking words out loud
9. "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - This is about expressing one's opinion
10. "recite or repeat a fixed text" - This is about repeating memorized text
11. "indicate" - This is what something points to or shows

In the context of the sentence, Ray White is reported as saying something. The quotation is attributed to him. This is the use of "says" in reporting or attributing statements - which matches sense 2 "report or maintain."

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 "express in words" is more general and could work. Sense 2 "report or maintain" seems more specific to the journalistic/reporting context where you're saying someone claimed or maintained something.

Looking at the example for sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime" - this is about reporting what someone said.
The most fitting sense here is 2 - it's functioning as a reporting verb to attribute Ray White's claim about the evidence to him directly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "yet" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had <t>yet</t> to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results
2. definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | examples=So far he hasn't called
3. definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | examples=looked sick and felt even worse
4. definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves
5. definition=used after a superlative | examples=this is the best so far
6. definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."

The phrase "had yet to nail" means "had not yet succeeded in identifying/finding" - in other words, as of the present time (or the time being discussed), he had not accomplished this task.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "up to the present time" - "I have yet to see the results" - This means "I have not seen the results up to now"

2. "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point" - "So far he hasn't called" - This is about a situation that exists up to now

3. "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" - doesn't fit

4. "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time" - "the flowers that were yet to show themselves" - This refers to something that will happen in the future

5. "used after a superlative" - doesn't apply

6. "despite anything to the contrary" - doesn't fit

The sentence structure is "had yet to nail" which means "had not yet succeeded in nailing/identifying." This is in the past tense context, expressing that up to a certain point in the past, he had not accomplished this.

Looking at sense 1: "up to the present time" with example "I have yet to see the results" - this fits the pattern of "have/had yet to [verb]"

Looking at sense 4: "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time" - "the flowers that were yet to show themselves" - this also has the structure of "yet to [verb]" but refers to future

The key difference is whether "yet" refers to present time (sense 1) or future time (sense 4). In the sentence, "had yet to nail" suggests something that hasn't happened as of the past moment being discussed, but it's future from that point.
Sense 4 seems right here—the construction implies the discovery hadn't occurred by that point in time, with the suggestion that it could still happen later.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "nail" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to <t>nail</t> the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=attach something somewhere by means of nails | examples=nail the board onto the wall
2. definition=take into custody | examples=the police nabbed the suspected criminals
3. definition=hit hard | examples=He smashed a 3-run homer
4. definition=succeed in obtaining a position | examples=He nailed down a spot at Harvard
5. definition=succeed at easily | examples=She sailed through her exams
6. definition=locate exactly | examples=can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?
7. definition=complete a pass

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to <t>nail</t> the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."

In this context, Dr. Vogelstein is trying to determine or identify something specific - the identity of a particular gene. The phrase "nail the identity" means to determine or establish exactly what something is.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "attach something somewhere by means of nails" - No, this is the literal meaning
2. "take into custody" - No, not relevant
3. "hit hard" - No, not relevant
4. "succeed in obtaining a position" - No, this is about getting a job/position
5. "succeed at easily" - This could fit, but it's more about doing something easily
6. "locate exactly" - This seems to fit! To "nail" the identity means to locate/determine exactly what the gene is
7. "complete a pass" - No, this is sports-specific

The definition for sense 6 is "locate exactly" with the example "can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?" The synonym "pinpoint" is perfect here - Dr. Vogelstein is trying to pinpoint/locate exactly which gene it is.

The answer should be 6.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "identity" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the <t>identity</t> of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity | examples=you can lose your identity when you join the army
2. definition=the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known | examples=geneticists only recently discovered the identity of the gene that causes it
3. definition=an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates | examples=the identity under numerical multiplication is 1
4. definition=exact sameness | examples=they shared an identity of interests

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses of "identity":

Sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the <t>identity</t> of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."

The context is about discovering which specific gene is responsible for causing cancer. The phrase "nail the identity of the gene" means to determine or establish which gene it is - identifying what the gene is.

Let me review each sense:

1. "the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity" - This is about personal identity/character. Not applicable here.

2. "the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known" - This fits! The gene's identity refers to which gene it is, how it can be identified/recognized. The example even mentions "geneticists only recently discovered the identity of the gene that causes it" which is very similar to our sentence.

3. "an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates" - This is a mathematical definition. Not applicable.

4. "exact sameness" - This is about sameness. Not applicable here.

Sense 2 is clearly the correct answer. It's about identifying what something is (the individual characteristics that make it recognizable/known), and the example given is directly parallel to the sentence we're analyzing.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if <t>damaged</t>, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the two senses of "damaged":

Sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if <t>damaged</t>, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."

The sentence is talking about a gene that, if it becomes damaged, would cause a colon cell to become malignant.

Let me look at the two senses:

1. "inflict damage upon" - This would mean actively causing damage to something. Example: "The snow damaged the roof" - the snow actively damages the roof.

2. "suffer or be susceptible to damage" - This would mean to experience damage or be in a state of being damaged. Example: "These fine china cups damage easily" - the cups are susceptible to being damaged.

In the context of the sentence, "if [the gene is] damaged" is describing the condition where the gene has been damaged. The gene is receiving or experiencing damage. This is about the gene being in a damaged state or being susceptible to damage.

Actually, looking more carefully: in the sentence, "damaged" is used passively - "if [the gene] damaged" where the gene is the subject and it's experiencing damage. This aligns more with sense 2 - the gene would "suffer" or experience damage.

Wait, let me reconsider. The passive voice "if [the gene is] damaged" could work with either sense, but the question is which sense is being used.

Sense 1 is about inflicting/causing damage (active sense of the verb).
Sense 2 is about suffering/being susceptible to damage (passive sense of the verb).

In the sentence, the gene is the subject and it's being damaged (passive construction). This fits sense 2 better - the gene suffers damage or is susceptible to damage.

The answer should be 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "flip" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, <t>flipped</t> a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin!
2. definition=cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation | examples=switch on the light
3. definition=look through a book or other written material | examples=He thumbed through the report
4. definition=toss with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn over in the air
5. definition=cause to move with a flick | examples=he flicked his Bic
6. definition=throw or toss with a light motion | examples=flip me the beachball
7. definition=move with a flick or light motion
8. definition=turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse | examples=flip over the pork chop
9. definition=react in an excited, delighted, or surprised way | examples=he flipped when he heard that he was accepted into Princeton University
10. definition=go mad, go crazy | examples=He flipped when he heard that he was being laid off
11. definition=reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."

In this context, "flipped" means that the gene, when damaged, changed or transformed a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. This is about causing something to change from one state to another.

Looking at the definitions:
1. lightly throw to see which side comes up - No, not about tossing a coin
2. cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation - This could be about causing something to change or activate
3. look through a book - No, not about reading
4. toss with a sharp movement - No, not about physical tossing
5. flick motion - No
6. throw or toss - No
7. move with a flick - No
8. turn upside down - No, not literally turning something upside down
9. react in an excited way - No, not about a reaction/emotion
10. go mad, go crazy - No
11. reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action) - This could mean to cause a reversal or change

The key is understanding that "flipped" in this biological context means the gene caused the cell to transform or change into a state of malignancy. This is essentially causing a change of state.

I think the best match is sense 11 "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)" because flipping a cell into malignancy means reversing its normal state to a malignant state.

Actually, looking more carefully, sense 2 "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" could also fit - the damaged gene causes the malignancy to be "set in operation."

But sense 11 about "reverse" seems most appropriate for describing the transformation of a cell into a diseased state - it's reversing the cell's normal function to malignancy.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "colon" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a <t>colon</t> cell into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos
3. definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos
4. definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal
5. definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a <t>colon</t> cell into full-blown malignancy."

The context is talking about a damaged gene that causes malignancy (cancer). The sentence is referring to "a colon cell" - meaning a cell from the colon (the part of the large intestine). This is clearly referring to the anatomical part of the body.

Looking at the senses:
1. the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum - This matches the medical/anatomical meaning
2. currency in El Salvador
3. currency in Costa Rica
4. a port city at the Panama Canal
5. a punctuation mark

The correct answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "cell" is being used.

The sentence is: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy."

The context mentions:
- Dr. Vogelstein (a scientist)
- A gene
- A colon cell
- Malignancy (cancer)

This is clearly talking about biology. A "colon cell" refers to a cell in the colon (part of the digestive system). The sentence is discussing how a damaged gene can turn a normal cell in the colon into a cancerous cell.

Looking at the senses:
1. Small compartment (honeycomb cells) - not this
2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms - THIS IS IT. A colon cell is a biological cell, the basic unit of life
3. Device that delivers electric current - not this
4. Small unit of a political movement - not this
5. Mobile radiotelephone - not this
6. Room for a monk/nun - not this
7. Prison room - not this

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "full-blown" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=fully ripe; at the height of bloom | examples=a full-blown rose
2. definition=having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness | examples=a full-blown financial crisis

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the two senses provided.

The sentence is: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy."

Let's examine what "full-blown" means in this context:
- The phrase is "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy"
- This is talking about cancer (malignancy) that is complete and fully developed

Sense 1: "fully ripe; at the height of bloom" - This is about a literal bloom or ripeness, like a flower. The example is "a full-blown rose" which refers to a rose in full bloom.

Sense 2: "having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness" - This means something is fully developed and complete with all its defining characteristics. The example is "a full-blown financial crisis" which refers to a complete, developed financial crisis, not just a minor one.

In the sentence, "full-blown malignancy" means the cancer is fully developed and complete - it has all the characteristics of complete cancer. This matches sense 2, which refers to having all characteristics necessary for completeness. A "full-blown financial crisis" is a complete/fully developed crisis, and similarly, "full-blown malignancy" is complete/fully developed cancer.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "malignancy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown <t>malignancy</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
2. definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will

reasoning_content:
The sentence is talking about a colon cell being "flipped...into full-blown malignancy" in the context of a scientific/medical discussion about gene damage.

Looking at the two definitions:
1. "(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death" - This is the medical/disease sense of malignancy
2. "quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will" - This is about evil intent or wickedness

In the sentence, Dr. Vogelstein is discussing a gene that, when damaged, causes a colon cell to become a malignant state (cancer). This is clearly using the medical definition about a disease state, not anything to do with evil or ill will.

So the answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "month" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "month" is being used.

The sentence is: "For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

The phrase "For months" indicates a duration of time - it's saying the research took a long time period spanning multiple months.

Now let me look at the two senses:

1. "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" - This refers to specific calendar months like January, February, etc. If this sense were being used, we might say something like "In the month of July" or "During March" - referring to a specific calendar month.

2. "a time unit of approximately 30 days" - This refers to month as a duration/period of time, roughly 30 days long. When we say "For months," we're referring to multiple periods/durations of roughly 30 days each.

In the given sentence, "For months" means "for a duration of approximately (multiple × 30) days" - it's treating "month" as a unit of time measurement rather than referring to calendar months.

This corresponds to sense 2: "a time unit of approximately 30 days"


[User]
Which numbered sense of "use" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | examples=use your head!
2. definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. definition=use up, consume fully | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs
5. definition=avail oneself to | examples=apply a principle
6. definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the context of the word "using":

"For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

Here, "using" means the researchers are employing gene probes as a tool to accomplish their task of examining chromosome 17. The gene probes are being put into service to achieve their research goal.

Let me check each sense:

1. "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" - This fits perfectly. The gene probes are being employed/used as tools for the research purpose.

2. "take or consume (regularly or habitually)" - No, this doesn't fit. Gene probes are not being consumed.

3. "use up, consume fully" - No, this doesn't fit either.

4. "seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage" - This could potentially fit, but it has a connotation of manipulation that doesn't match the sentence.

5. "avail oneself to" - This doesn't fit well.

6. "habitually do something (use only in the past tense)" - No, this is in present participle form and doesn't have the habitual past tense meaning.

The correct answer is sense 1, as the researchers are putting the gene probes into service to accomplish their research goal of examining the chromosome.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "down" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position | examples=don't fall down
2. definition=away from a more central or a more northerly place | examples=was sent down to work at the regional office
3. definition=paid in cash at time of purchase | examples=put ten dollars down on the necklace
4. definition=from an earlier time | examples=the story was passed down from father to son
5. definition=to a lower intensity | examples=he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black
6. definition=in an inactive or inoperative state | examples=the factory went down during the strike

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

The phrase is "crawled down the length of chromosome 17." This is describing a movement along the chromosome. Let me consider each sense:

1. "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position" - This could work metaphorically, but it's more about moving along something rather than moving to a lower position.

2. "away from a more central or a more northerly place" - This doesn't seem to fit.

3. "paid in cash at time of purchase" - This doesn't fit at all.

4. "from an earlier time" - This doesn't fit.

5. "to a lower intensity" - This doesn't fit.

6. "in an inactive or inoperative state" - This doesn't fit.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1: "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position" - when you "crawl down the length of chromosome 17," this is using "down" in a spatial sense along the chromosome. While it's not necessarily from higher to lower in a vertical sense, in the context of measuring or moving along a sequence, "down" is being used to indicate progression along a linear path.

This seems to be sense 1 - a spatial/positional usage of "down."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "length" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place | examples=the length of the table was 5 feet
2. definition=continuance in time | examples=the ceremony was of short duration
3. definition=the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end | examples=the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words
4. definition=size of the gap between two places | examples=the distance from New York to Chicago
5. definition=a section of something that is long and narrow | examples=a length of timber

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

The researchers are "crawling down the length of chromosome 17." This is talking about moving along the physical extent of the chromosome from one end to the other.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place" - This could fit. The chromosome has a length as a physical dimension.

2. "continuance in time" - This is about duration. That doesn't fit here.

3. "the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end" - This is about the extent/property of something.

4. "size of the gap between two places" - This is distance between two locations. The chromosome isn't really about distance between places in this context.

5. "a section of something that is long and narrow" - This is about a section/piece of something long and narrow.

Looking at the sentence more carefully: they are moving along the chromosome, going through its extent from one end to another. The chromosome is indeed something long and narrow (biologically speaking), and they're examining a "section" or the entire "length" of it.

Sense 5 seems most appropriate because it refers to "a section of something that is long and narrow" - a chromosome is a long and narrow biological structure, and the "length of chromosome 17" refers to the material/section of that chromosome.

Actually, sense 1 could also work - "the linear extent in space from one end to the other" - describing the physical dimension of the chromosome.

But sense 5 with "a length of timber" as an example is more about treating the length as a section/piece of material. Similarly, the "length of chromosome 17" could be referring to the chromosome material as a section they're examining.
Sense 5 best captures what's happening here—the chromosome as a long, narrow biological structure being examined as a distinct section of material.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "look_for" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | examples=The police are searching for clues
2. definition=be excited or anxious about

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

In this context, the researchers are "looking for" the smallest common bit of genetic material. This means they are trying to locate or discover this genetic material.

Sense 1: "try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of" - This fits the sentence. The researchers are trying to locate/discover the genetic material.

Sense 2: "be excited or anxious about" - This doesn't fit the context at all.

The correct answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "common" is being used:

"For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

In this context, "common" describes a bit of genetic material that is "lost in all tumor cells." This means this genetic material is shared by or appears in all the tumor cells being studied.

Let me look at the senses:

1. "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public" - This is about belonging to a community as a whole, not quite right.

2. "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" - This is about something being ordinary or usual, not what we need.

3. "common to or shared by two or more parties" - This means shared by multiple parties. In the context, the genetic material is "common" to all tumor cells, meaning it's shared among all of them. This fits!

4. "commonly encountered" - Similar to sense 2, about frequency.

5. "being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language" - About language, not applicable.

6. "of or associated with the great masses of people" - About people, not applicable.

7. "of low or inferior quality or value" - About quality, doesn't fit.

8. "lacking refinement or cultivation or taste" - About refinement, doesn't fit.

9. "to be expected; standard" - About being standard, not quite right.

The best fit is sense 3: "common to or shared by two or more parties" - the genetic material is common to (shared by) all the tumor cells.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=a small piece or quantity of something | examples=a spot of tea
2. definition=a small fragment of something broken off from the whole | examples=a bit of rock caught him in the eye
3. definition=an indefinitely short time | examples=wait just a moment
4. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work
5. definition=piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding | examples=the horse was not accustomed to a bit
6. definition=a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states | examples=there are 8 bits in a byte
7. definition=a small amount of solid food; a mouthful | examples=all they had left was a bit of bread
8. definition=a small fragment | examples=overheard snatches of their conversation
9. definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | examples=he did his act three times every evening
10. definition=the part of a key that enters a lock and lifts the tumblers
11. definition=the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press | examples=he looked around for the right size bit

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "bit" is being used:

"For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

In this context, we're talking about a "bit of genetic material" - a small piece of genetic material. The key is that they're looking for "the smallest common bit" of genetic material that was lost in tumor cells.

Let me consider each definition:

1. "a small piece or quantity of something" - This could fit, as genetic material is being described as a small piece
2. "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole" - This could also fit, as it's a fragment of genetic material
3. "an indefinitely short time" - No, not relevant to genetic material
4. "an instance of some kind" - No
5. "piece of metal held in horse's mouth" - No, not relevant
6. "a unit of measurement of information" - No, this is about actual genetic material, not digital bits
7. "a small amount of solid food" - No
8. "a small fragment" - This fits well - genetic material that is fragmented
9. "a short theatrical performance" - No
10. "the part of a key that enters a lock" - No
11. "the cutting part of a drill" - No

Between 1, 2, and 8, the best fit seems to be either:
- Sense 1: "a small piece or quantity of something"
- Sense 2: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole"
- Sense 8: "a small fragment"

Senses 2 and 8 seem very similar. In the genetic context, "bit of genetic material" most closely matches sense 2 or 8, which describe fragments. Sense 2 specifically says "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole" which fits the description of lost/deleted genetic material from tumor cells.
The more specific definition of sense 2—describing something broken off from a larger whole—aligns better with genetic material that's been deleted from tumor cells than the broader sense 1. While sense 8 also refers to fragments, it typically applies to pieces of information or conversation rather than physical material. Sense 2 is the most precise fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "genetic" is being used:

"For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells."

The context here is:
- Johns Hopkins researchers conducting scientific research
- Using gene probes
- Looking at chromosome 17
- Examining genetic material in tumor cells

Let me examine each sense:

1. "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity" - This is about inherited traits. The sentence doesn't seem to be about hereditary inheritance patterns.

2. "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" - This is about genes or gene-related. The sentence specifically mentions "gene probes" and "genetic material" which would directly relate to genes and their properties.

3. "pertaining to or referring to origin" - This is about origins/history. The sentence is not discussing the origin or history of something in that sense.

4. "of or relating to the science of genetics" - This is about the field of genetics as a science. While the researchers are doing genetic research, the phrase "genetic material" more specifically refers to the molecular nature of the material itself.

The phrase "genetic material" is typically referring to the physical material that makes up genes (DNA). The most direct sense would be sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" - because genetic material is material that is gene-related or produced by genes.

Sense 4 could also apply since it's genetic research, but "genetic material" is more specifically about the nature of the material (being gene-related) rather than just being in a genetics research context.

I think sense 2 is the most appropriate answer.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "material" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | examples=coal is a hard black material
2. definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent
4. definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials
5. definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "material" is being used.

The sentence is: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

In this context, "genetic material" refers to the physical substance that carries genetic information - DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It's the actual biological substance that makes up genes.

Let me check each definition:

1. "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object" - This could fit, as DNA is a tangible substance. The example "coal is a hard black material" shows a physical substance.

2. "information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form" - This refers to information/data, not a physical substance. The example is about biographical information.

3. "artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers" - This is about fabric/textiles, clearly not applicable here.

4. "things needed for doing or making something" - This is about supplies/tools, not applicable.

5. "a person judged suitable for admission or employment" - This is about people, not applicable.

Between 1 and 2: The key distinction is that "genetic material" in this context refers to the actual physical substance (DNA), not information. It's tangible biological matter. So definition 1 is the best fit.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "lose" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war
4. definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!
8. definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. definition=retreat
10. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | examples=I missed that remark
11. definition=be set at a disadvantage | examples=This author really suffers in translation

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells."

The key phrase is "genetic material lost in all tumor cells." This means the genetic material is missing or absent in the tumor cells - it has been removed or is no longer present.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have" - This could fit. The tumor cells have lost/ceased to have this genetic material.

2. "fail to win" - No, not about winning/losing a battle.

3. "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal" - Could apply but usually about people.

4. "place (something) where one cannot find it again" - Not really, this is about misplacing something you still have. The genetic material is actually absent from the tumor cells.

5. "miss from one's possessions; lose sight of" - Similar to 4, not quite right.

6. "allow to go out of sight" - No, the material is absent from the cells, not out of sight.

7. "fail to make money in a business" - No, not about money.

8. "fail to get or obtain" - Could fit. The tumor cells have failed to obtain/maintain this genetic material.

9. "retreat" - No.

10. "fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind" - No, this is about the material being absent from cells, not about perception.

11. "be set at a disadvantage" - No.

The best fit is sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". The tumor cells have lost (ceased to have/failed to maintain) this genetic material.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "cell" is being used.

The sentence is: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

Key context clues:
- Johns Hopkins researchers (scientific research)
- gene probes (genetic/molecular biology tools)
- chromosome 17 (genetic material)
- genetic material lost in tumor cells (cancer biology)

The word "cells" here is being used in the biological context to refer to tumor cells - which are the basic structural and functional units of organisms. In this case, they're specifically cancer/tumor cells.

Looking at the senses:
1. Small compartments (honeycomb) - No, this is a structural metaphor
2. "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms" - Yes, this matches! Tumor cells are cancer cells, which are biological cells
3. A device that delivers electric current - No
4. A small unit of a political movement - No
5. Mobile radiotelephone - No
6. Room where a monk/nun lives - No
7. Prison room - No

The answer is clearly sense 2, as it's referring to biological cells in the context of cancer research.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "piece" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment
3. definition=a portion of a natural object | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts
4. definition=a musical work that has been created | examples=the composition is written in four movements
5. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work
6. definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran
7. definition=a portable gun | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | examples=a piece of pie
9. definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
10. definition=a work of art of some artistic value | examples=this store sells only objets d'art
11. definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | examples=he was here for a little while
12. definition=a share of something | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
13. definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene."

In this context, "piece" refers to a portion or segment of DNA. It's a separate part of a larger whole (the DNA molecule or genetic material).

Let me go through the senses:

1. "a separate part of a whole" - This fits well. A piece of DNA is a separate part of the larger DNA structure.
2. "an item that is an instance of some type" - Possible, but less specific
3. "a portion of a natural object" - This could fit too, as DNA is a natural object and we're talking about a portion of it
4. "a musical work that has been created" - No, doesn't fit
5. "an instance of some kind" - Generic, but could work
6. "an artistic or literary composition" - No
7. "a portable gun" - No
8. "a serving that has been cut from a larger portion" - Similar to 1 and 3, but "serving" implies food
9. "a distance" - No
10. "a work of art of some artistic value" - No
11. "a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition" - No
12. "a share of something" - Possible, but less likely
13. "game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games" - No

The most accurate seems to be sense 3: "a portion of a natural object" because DNA is a natural object, and we're talking about a specific portion of it.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "a separate part of a whole" - emphasizes it's separate
- Sense 3: "a portion of a natural object" - DNA is definitely a natural object

Both could work, but sense 3 seems more specific and accurate since it explicitly mentions "natural object" and DNA is indeed a natural object. The example "they analyzed the river into three parts" shows this is about dividing natural objects into portions.
Sense 3 best captures the meaning here.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "probably" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would <t>probably</t> constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | examples=He is probably out of the country
2. definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."

I need to determine which sense of "probably" is being used here.

Sense 1: "with considerable certainty; without much doubt" - This is the standard adverbial sense meaning there's a high likelihood or confidence that something will happen.

Sense 2: "easy to believe on the basis of available evidence" - This seems to be about something being plausible or believable based on evidence.

In the sentence "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene," the word "probably" is indicating that based on scientific reasoning/evidence, it's likely or with considerable certainty that this DNA piece would constitute a gene.

This fits Sense 1 better - "with considerable certainty; without much doubt." The speaker is expressing that it's likely/probable this would happen.

Sense 2 seems more about the plausibility or believability of a statement itself, which doesn't quite fit as well here.

The answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "constitute" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would probably <t>constitute</t> a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=form or compose | examples=This money is my only income
2. definition=create and charge with a task or function | examples=nominate a committee
3. definition=to compose or represent: | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting
4. definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | examples=establish a new department

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."

In this context, "constitute" means that a piece of DNA would form or compose a gene. It's saying that a piece of DNA would be/would make up a gene.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "form or compose" with example "This money is my only income" - This means the money forms/makes up the income. This matches our sentence where DNA would form/compose a gene.

2. "create and charge with a task or function" with example "nominate a committee" - This is about establishing something with a purpose or creating a committee. This doesn't fit.

3. "to compose or represent" with example "This wall forms the background of the stage setting" - This is about something representing or forming something else. This could work, but "form" is slightly different from "constitute" in this context.

4. "set up or lay the groundwork for" with example "establish a new department" - This is about establishing/setting up. This doesn't fit as well.

The best match is sense 1: "form or compose" because the DNA would form/compose/make up a gene. The example "This money is my only income" shows the same structure - the money forms/composes the income.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they <t>found</t> it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over."

The context suggests that they were searching for something and succeeded in locating it. The phrase "the search was over" indicates that they had been looking for something and now they found it.

Looking at the senses:
1. "come upon, as if by accident" - this could fit, but there's a hint of searching
2. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - this could work
3. "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" - This seems like the best fit! They were searching, and they found it (the thing that was lost or missing)
4. "establish after a calculation" - doesn't fit
5. "come to believe" - doesn't fit
6. "perceive or be contemporaneous with" - doesn't fit
7. "get something for a specific purpose" - could fit but not the best
8. "make a discovery, make a new finding" - doesn't fit the usage
9. "make a discovery" - could fit
10. "obtain through effort or management" - could fit
11. "decide on and make a declaration about" - doesn't fit
12. "receive a specified treatment" - doesn't fit
13. "perceive oneself to be in a certain condition" - doesn't fit
14. "get or find back; recover" - doesn't fit
15. "succeed in reaching; arrive at" - could fit
16. "accept and make use of personality" - doesn't fit

The best answer is sense 3: "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" because the sentence context shows they were searching ("the search was over") and found it.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "last" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday
2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris
3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise
4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected
5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words
6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | examples=the final answer
7. definition=highest in extent or degree | examples=to the last measure of human endurance
8. definition=not to be altered or undone | examples=the judge's decision is final
9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | examples=last prize

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over."

I need to determine which sense of "last" is being used here.

Let me look at each definition:

1. "immediately past" with example "last Thursday" - This refers to the most recent Thursday that has just passed. "Last winter" would mean the most recent winter that has just passed.

2. "coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining" - This is about something being final or the only one left.

3. "occurring at or forming an end or termination" - This is about something being at the end.

4. "most unlikely or unsuitable" - This is about being the least likely.

5. "occurring at the time of death" - This is about final moments.

6. "conclusive in a process or progression" - This is about being the final step.

7. "highest in extent or degree" - This is about being the most/greatest.

8. "not to be altered or undone" - This is about being final and irrevocable.

9. "lowest in rank or importance" - This is about being the least important.

In the context "last winter," it's clearly referring to the winter that just passed, the most recent winter. This matches sense 1: "immediately past" with the example "last Thursday."

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "dubious" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was <t>dubious</t> that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=fraught with uncertainty or doubt | examples=they were doubtful that the cord would hold
2. definition=open to doubt or suspicion; ; ; ; - Karen Horney | examples=the candidate's doubtful past
3. definition=not convinced | examples=they admitted the force of my argument but remained dubious

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was <t>dubious</t> that the search was over."

I need to determine which sense of "dubious" fits best in this context.

Sense 1: "fraught with uncertainty or doubt" - This refers to something being uncertain or doubtful in nature. The example is "they were doubtful that the cord would hold" - expressing uncertainty about something.

Sense 2: "open to doubt or suspicion" - This refers to something that appears questionable or suspicious. The example is "the candidate's doubtful past" - the past itself seems suspicious/questionable.

Sense 3: "not convinced" - This refers to a person not being convinced about something. The example is "they admitted the force of my argument but remained dubious" - the people were not convinced.

In the sentence, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. This means Dr. Vogelstein was not convinced that the search was over. The doctor had doubts about whether the search was truly finished.

This matches Sense 3: "not convinced" - Dr. Vogelstein was not convinced that the search was over.

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "search" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the <t>search</t> was over.

Senses:
1. definition=the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone
2. definition=an investigation seeking answers | examples=a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing
3. definition=an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property | examples=they wrote a program to do a table lookup
4. definition=the examination of alternative hypotheses | examples=his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful
5. definition=boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas | examples=right of search

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the <t>search</t> was over."

The context indicates that:
1. They found something ("it")
2. The search was over because they found it
3. The search involved looking for something

Let me look at each definition:

1. "the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone" - This fits well. They were searching for something, and now that they found it, the search is over.

2. "an investigation seeking answers" - This could apply, but it's more general about investigations rather than the specific act of looking for something.

3. "an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property" - This is a technical/computer science definition and doesn't fit this context at all.

4. "the examination of alternative hypotheses" - This doesn't fit the context.

5. "boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas" - This doesn't fit the context at all.

The most appropriate definition is #1: "the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone" - because the sentence is talking about the activity of searching for something, and now that they found it, the search is concluded.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "doubt" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His <t>doubts</t> stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being unsure of something
2. definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | examples=the dubiousness of his claim

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "doubt" is being used.

The sentence reads: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

Here, "doubts" refers to the feelings of uncertainty or lack of certainty that the person had. The person was unsure about something - specifically about the implications or validity of what had been found.

Looking at the two senses:
1. "the state of being unsure of something" - This is a general definition of the state of uncertainty
2. "uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something" - This is more specific about being uncertain regarding whether something is true, factual, or exists

In the sentence, the person has "doubts" that stem from information they encountered. These doubts would be about the truth or factuality of some claim or conclusion. This fits better with sense 2, which specifically mentions "uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something."

So the answer should be 2.