[User]
Which numbered sense of "fight" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way.

Senses:
1. definition=be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight | examples=the tribesmen fought each other
2. definition=fight against or resist strongly | examples=The senator said he would oppose the bill
3. definition=make a strenuous or labored effort | examples=She struggled for years to survive without welfare
4. definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."

Looking at each sense:

1. "be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight" - This is about physical combat or direct fighting between parties. The example "the tribesmen fought each other" shows literal fighting.

2. "fight against or resist strongly" - This is about resisting or opposing something. The example "The senator said he would oppose the bill" shows opposition/resistance.

3. "make a strenuous or labored effort" - This is about exerting effort/struggling. The example "She struggled for years to survive without welfare" shows struggling/effort.

4. "exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for" - This is about advocating or campaigning for a cause. The example "The liberal party pushed for reforms" shows pushing/advocating.

In the sentence "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way," the word "fight" means to resist or oppose something strongly. The phrase "fight against" and "every inch of the way" indicates strong resistance and opposition.

This matches sense 2: "fight against or resist strongly" with the example showing opposition to a bill.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "reason" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The <t>reasons</t> are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Senses:
1. definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | examples=the reason that war was declared
2. definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | examples=his rationality may have been impaired
5. definition=a justification for something existing or happening | examples=he had no cause to complain
6. definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."

In this context, "reasons" appears to refer to causes or explanations for something being complex. The sentence is talking about multiple reasons (causes/explanations) that explain why something is complex.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a rational motive for a belief or action" - This would be motivations for doing or believing something
2. "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - This is about explaining why something happened or is the way it is
3. "the capacity for rational thought" - This is about the ability to think rationally
4. "the state of having good sense and sound judgment" - This is about rationality/good judgment as a state
5. "a justification for something existing or happening" - This is about justifying why something exists or happens
6. "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" - This is about facts that justify conclusions

The sentence says "the reasons are complex" and "one simple reason ought not to be underestimated." This seems to be talking about explanations or causes that explain something (the thing being complex). It's not about motivations for a specific belief or action, but rather about causes/explanations for a phenomenon.

This seems closest to sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - the reasons (explanations) for why something is complex.

Alternatively, it could be sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening" - but this seems less precise.

I think sense 2 is the best fit here.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "simple" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The reasons are complex, but one <t>simple</t> reason ought not to be underestimated.

Senses:
1. definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem
2. definition=easy and not involved or complicated | examples=an elementary problem in statistics
3. definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | examples=only the bare facts
4. definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | examples=childlike trust
5. definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety
6. definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions
7. definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "The reasons are complex, but one <t>simple</t> reason ought not to be underestimated."

The sentence is contrasting "complex" reasons with a "simple" reason. The word "simple" here is being used to mean something that is not complex or complicated - it stands in direct opposition to "complex."

Looking at the senses:
1. "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved" - This directly contrasts with "complex" and fits the context perfectly.
2. "easy and not involved or complicated" - This could work, but it's more about ease rather than just the structural complexity.
3. "apart from anything else; without additions or modifications" - This doesn't fit as well.
4. "exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity" - Doesn't fit.
5. "lacking mental capacity and subtlety" - Doesn't fit.
6. "(botany) of leaf shapes" - Doesn't apply here.
7. "unornamented" - Doesn't fit the context.

The most appropriate sense is #1, which is about something not being complex or complicated, which is exactly how "simple" is being used here in opposition to "complex."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "reason" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated.

Senses:
1. definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | examples=the reason that war was declared
2. definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | examples=his rationality may have been impaired
5. definition=a justification for something existing or happening | examples=he had no cause to complain
6. definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated."

I need to find which definition of "reason" fits best in this context.

Looking at each sense:
1. "a rational motive for a belief or action" - This could fit. A reason someone does something.
2. "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - This could also fit. A reason why something happened.
3. "the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination" - No, this is about the human ability to think rationally, not about "a reason" in singular form.
4. "the state of having good sense and sound judgment" - No, this is about having rationality, not about "a reason."
5. "a justification for something existing or happening" - This could fit. A reason justifies something.
6. "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" - This could fit too.

The sentence mentions "one simple reason ought not to be underestimated" in contrast to "the reasons are complex." This suggests the speaker is referring to a single factor or justification that is important, despite the complexity of multiple reasons.

This seems to fit best with sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening" - it's talking about a reason that justifies or explains something.

Actually, let me reconsider. Senses 1, 2, and 5 all seem plausible. But sense 1 (a rational motive) or sense 2 (an explanation of cause) seem most natural for "one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."

I think sense 1 or sense 2 work best here. Given the context of "reasons are complex" and "one simple reason," it seems like we're talking about causes or motives. I'd say sense 1 or 2.

Looking more carefully at the context, "one simple reason" that "ought not to be underestimated" suggests a factor or cause that is important.

The most straightforward interpretation is sense 1—a rational motive that explains why something matters and deserves consideration. While sense 5 (justification) also applies, sense 1 captures the everyday usage here most naturally.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "progressive" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "<t>Progressive</t> education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action)
3. definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre
6. definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "progressive" is being used.

The sentence is: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "favoring or promoting progress" - This could fit, as progressive education is about promoting progress in education.

2. "favoring or promoting reform (often by government action)" - This is more political/government focused, not quite fitting the context of describing the nature of education methods.

3. "(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases" - This is clearly about taxation, not applicable here.

4. "gradually advancing in extent" - This refers to something that gradually advances or increases over time. This doesn't quite fit the meaning of the education type.

5. "(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections..." - This is clearly not applicable here.

6. "advancing in severity" - This doesn't fit the context either.

Looking at the context, "progressive education" refers to a philosophy of education that emphasizes progress, development, and reform in educational methods. The first sense "favoring or promoting progress" directly captures this meaning. Progressive education is indeed about promoting progress in how education is conducted, moving away from traditional disciplined instruction toward more student-centered, interesting methods.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "education" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive <t>education</t> "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | examples=he received no formal education
2. definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life
4. definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

The sentence is talking about a type of educational approach/system called "progressive education." It's being contrasted with "disciplined instruction."

Looking at the senses:

1. "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - This is about the activities/methods of education itself
2. "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction" - This is about the knowledge itself
3. "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" - This is about the process
4. "the profession of teaching" - This is about the profession
5. "the result of good upbringing" - This is about manners/refinement
6. "the United States federal department..." - This is about a government agency

In the sentence, "progressive education" refers to a system or approach/method of educating. It's describing the activities and methods of education (progressive vs. disciplined), not the knowledge acquired, the profession, or manners.

The phrase "progressive education (as it was once called)" refers to a movement or pedagogical approach - it's describing activities of educating or instructing with a particular method/philosophy.

This matches sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill"


[User]
Which numbered sense of "once" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was <t>once</t> called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=on one occasion | examples=once I ran into her
2. definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. definition=at a previous time | examples=at one time he loved her

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses of "once":

The sentence is: "Progressive education "(as it was <t>once</t> called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

Now let me look at each sense:

1. "on one occasion" - This would mean it happened one time. The example is "once I ran into her" which means on one occasion/one time I ran into her.

2. "as soon as" - This is a temporal conjunction. The example is "once we are home, we can rest" which means as soon as we are home, we can rest.

3. "at a previous time" - This refers to something that happened in the past, at an earlier time. The example is "at one time he loved her" which means he loved her at a previous time in his past.

In the sentence, "as it was once called" means "as it was called at a previous time" or "as it used to be called" - referring to a name or designation the subject had in the past. This indicates that at a previous time in history, progressive education was called that way, but possibly not anymore.

This matches sense 3: "at a previous time" - it indicates something that occurred at an earlier time.

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "call" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once <t>called</t>) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | examples=I tried to call you all night
4. definition=utter a sudden loud cry | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle
5. definition=order, request, or command to come | examples=She was called into the director's office
6. definition=pay a brief visit | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'
8. definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!
10. definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'
13. definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. definition=demand payment of (a loan) | examples=Call a loan
15. definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | examples=He called his trump
16. definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance
17. definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty
25. definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name
26. definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once <t>called</t>) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

The word "called" here is being used in the context of what something is referred to or named as. The sentence is saying that "progressive education" was once called (referred to as) something - the thing it was called is "progressive education" itself in this context.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" - This could work, but it's more about assigning a name.

2. "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" - This seems less fitting.

12. "greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name" - This is about greeting.

27. "consider or regard as being" - This seems to fit well. The sentence is saying that what was "called" progressive education, meaning what was regarded or considered as progressive education.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 2: "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" - with the example "He called me a bastard" - this is about calling someone something.

But sense 27 "consider or regard as being" with example "I would not call her beautiful" - this is more about the interpretation or perception of something.

In the sentence, "as it was once called" means "as it was once referred to" or "as it was once named/termed". This is closest to sense 1 (assign a proper name) or sense 27 (consider or regard as being).

Given the context, sense 1 seems most appropriate - it's assigning a name/designation to something.

Actually, I think it's sense 27 - "consider or regard as being" because it's about what the term was considered or regarded as.

Let me reconsider.

The phrase "as it was once called" is fundamentally about what the term was named or designated as. Sense 1 - "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" - captures this most directly, referring to how the concept was once named or termed.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "far" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is <t>far</t> more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do
2. definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far
3. definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up
4. definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future
5. definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is <t>far</t> more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

The word "far" here is being used to modify "more interesting and agreeable." It's indicating that progressive education is "very much more interesting and agreeable" - it's describing a considerable degree of difference.

Looking at the senses:
1. "to a considerable degree; very much" - This matches. "Far more interesting" means "very much more interesting"
2. "at or to or from a great distance in space" - This doesn't fit, there's no spatial distance being discussed
3. "at or to a certain point or degree" - Not quite right
4. "remote in time" - Not applicable here
5. "to an advanced stage or point" - Not applicable

The correct sense is #1, where "far" means "to a considerable degree; very much" and is being used to emphasize the comparative form "more interesting and agreeable."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "more" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far <t>more</t> interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | examples=more interesting
2. definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

I need to determine which sense of "more" is being used here.

Let me examine both senses:

1. "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" | examples: more interesting
2. "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent" | examples: he works more now

In the sentence, "more" is being used with the adjective "interesting" to form its comparative form. The structure is "more interesting" which directly matches the example given in sense 1.

The word "more" here is functioning as a comparative marker for the adjective "interesting" (and "agreeable"). This is sense 1.

In sense 2, "more" would be functioning as a comparative adverb meaning "to a greater degree" or "to a greater extent" - like in "he works more now" where "more" modifies the verb "works" independently.

In the given sentence, "more" is specifically used to form the comparative of the adjectives "interesting" and "agreeable," which aligns with sense 1.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "agreeable" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and <t>agreeable</t> to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature; ; ; - Disraeli | examples=Is the plan agreeable to you?
2. definition=in keeping | examples=salaries agreeable with current trends
3. definition=prepared to agree or consent | examples=agreeable to the plan

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and <t>agreeable</t> to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

The sentence is saying that progressive education is more agreeable to teachers. This means it is more pleasing, pleasant, or conforming to what teachers like or prefer.

Let me check each sense:

1. "conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature" - This seems to fit. The sentence is saying progressive education is more agreeable (pleasing/conforming to their preferences) to teachers. The example "Is the plan agreeable to you?" uses this meaning - asking if the plan is pleasing/acceptable to you.

2. "in keeping" - This would mean "in keeping with" or "consistent with." In this context, saying progressive education is "in keeping with current trends" doesn't quite fit the sentence structure. The sentence says it's "agreeable to teachers," not "agreeable with" something.

3. "prepared to agree or consent" - This would mean the teachers are prepared to agree or consent to something. But the sentence says the education itself is agreeable, not that teachers are prepared to agree about it.

The correct answer is sense 1. The sentence means progressive education is more pleasing/conforming to teachers' preferences than disciplined instruction.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "teacher" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to <t>teachers</t> than is disciplined instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=a person whose occupation is teaching
2. definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this sentence to determine which sense of "teacher" is being used.

The sentence is: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to <t>teachers</t> than is disciplined instruction."

Looking at the two senses:
1. "a person whose occupation is teaching" - This is the standard, literal meaning of teacher as a person who teaches professionally
2. "a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers" - This refers to non-human entities that provide instruction, like books, experiences, etc.

In the sentence, "teachers" refers to people whose job is to teach - those who practice progressive education and find it more interesting than disciplined instruction. This is clearly referring to actual people who are educators by profession.

The answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "disciplined" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is <t>disciplined</t> instruction.

Senses:
1. definition=obeying the rules
2. definition=trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise | examples=the beautiful coordination of his disciplined muscles

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is <t>disciplined</t> instruction."

The sentence is contrasting "progressive education" with "disciplined instruction." In this context, "disciplined" is describing the type of instruction - it's referring to instruction that is systematic, orderly, and follows a set structure/rules.

Let me look at the two senses:
1. "obeying the rules" - This would mean instruction that obeys rules
2. "trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise" - with the example of "disciplined muscles" which are well-trained and coordinated

In the context of "disciplined instruction," it's referring to instruction that is orderly, systematic, and follows strict methods - essentially instruction that adheres to rules and structure. This aligns with sense 1 "obeying the rules."

However, "disciplined" in this context could also mean instruction that is rigorous and systematic in training/method, which could relate to sense 2's idea of being "trained" in a particular way.

Looking more carefully: "disciplined instruction" means instruction that is strict, orderly, methodical, and follows established rules and procedures. This seems to best match sense 1 "obeying the rules" - the instruction follows rules and discipline.

The answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "instruction" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined <t>instruction</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=a message describing how something is to be done | examples=he gave directions faster than she could follow them
2. definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | examples=he received no formal education
3. definition=the profession of a teacher | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college
4. definition=(computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "instruction" is being used.

The sentence reads: "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined <t>instruction</t>."

The context is comparing progressive education to disciplined instruction. Let me look at each sense:

1. "a message describing how something is to be done" - This refers to directions or orders about how to do something specific.

2. "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - This refers to the educational process, teaching and learning activities.

3. "the profession of a teacher" - This refers to teaching as a profession.

4. "(computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program" - This is clearly not relevant to the context about education.

In the sentence, "disciplined instruction" is being contrasted with "progressive education." Both are about teaching/learning. The word "instruction" here is referring to the process of teaching and imparting knowledge, which matches sense 2.

Sense 1 would be too narrow - it's about specific directions for how to do something, not the broader concept being discussed here.

Sense 3 is about the profession, not the activity itself.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "nice" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is <t>nice</t> for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance; - George Meredith | examples=what a nice fellow you are and we all thought you so nasty
2. definition=socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous | examples=from a decent family
3. definition=done with delicacy and skill | examples=a nice bit of craft
4. definition=excessively fastidious and easily disgusted | examples=too nice about his food to take to camp cooking
5. definition=exhibiting courtesy and politeness | examples=a nice gesture

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development" and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The word "nice" here is describing that it would be pleasant or pleasing for teachers to think they are engaged in personality development. The sentence is saying it's desirable or agreeable for them to have this belief.

Let me check each sense:

1. "pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance" - This fits. The sentence is saying it's pleasant/pleasing for teachers to think this way.

2. "socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous" - This could work somewhat, but the focus seems more on pleasantness than correctness.

3. "done with delicacy and skill" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about something being done with skill.

4. "excessively fastidious and easily disgusted" - This doesn't fit at all.

5. "exhibiting courtesy and politeness" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about courtesy or politeness.

The best fit is sense 1: "pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance." The word "nice" means it would be pleasant or agreeable for teachers to have this belief about personality development.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "teacher" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for <t>teachers</t> to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=a person whose occupation is teaching
2. definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "teacher" is being used.

The sentence is: "It is nice for <t>teachers</t> to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

Let me look at the context:
- "for teachers to think they are engaged in..."
- The sentence is talking about people whose occupation is teaching
- They "think they are engaged in personality development"
- They want to "minimize those irksome tests"

This is clearly referring to actual people who are teachers by profession - the first sense: "a person whose occupation is teaching"

The second sense is for personified abstractions like "books were his teachers" - where books are not literally people teaching, but are metaphorically referred to as teachers.

In this sentence, "teachers" refers to actual people whose job is teaching, so the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "think" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to <t>think</t> they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
2. definition=expect, believe, or suppose | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel
3. definition=use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments | examples=I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere
4. definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing
5. definition=imagine or visualize | examples=Just think--you could be rich one day!
6. definition=focus one's attention on a certain state | examples=Think big
7. definition=have in mind as a purpose | examples=I mean no harm
8. definition=decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting | examples=Can you think what to do next?
9. definition=ponder; reflect on, or reason about | examples=Think the matter through
10. definition=dispose the mind in a certain way | examples=Do you really think so?
11. definition=have or formulate in the mind | examples=think good thoughts
12. definition=be capable of conscious thought | examples=Man is the only creature that thinks
13. definition=bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation | examples=She thought herself into a state of panic over the final exam

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The context here is that teachers "think they are engaged in personality development" - meaning they believe or regard their work as personality development.

Let me look at the senses:

1. judge or regard; look upon; judge - "I think he is very smart" - This means to judge/regard someone as smart
2. expect, believe, or suppose - similar to #1 but with an expectation/belief angle
3. use or exercise the mind - analytical thinking
4. recall knowledge from memory - remembering
5. imagine or visualize - creating mental images
6. focus one's attention - directing thoughts
7. have in mind as a purpose - intention
8. decide by pondering - decision making through thought
9. ponder; reflect on - deliberation
10. dispose the mind in a certain way - having an opinion/attitude
11. have or formulate in the mind - forming thoughts
12. be capable of conscious thought - ability to think
13. bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation - causing a state through thinking

In the sentence, "teachers think they are engaged in personality development" means teachers BELIEVE or REGARD their work as personality development. This is closest to sense 1 (judge or regard) or sense 2 (believe or suppose).

Between 1 and 2, sense 1 seems more appropriate: "judge or regard; look upon; judge" - teachers regard their work as personality development.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 2's example "I imagine she earned a lot of money" - this shows belief/supposition without full certainty. Sense 1's example "I think he is very smart" shows making a judgment about someone.

In the sentence, the structure is "think they are engaged in X" which is making a judgment/regarding their work as X.

Sense 1 fits best here—the teachers are making a judgment that positions their work as personality development.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "personality" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "<t>personality</t> development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual | examples=their different reactions reflected their very different personalities
2. definition=a person of considerable prominence | examples=she is a Hollywood personality

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The sentence is talking about teachers being engaged in "personality development." This refers to developing the characteristics and attributes of a person - their behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental qualities.

Let me check the two senses:

1. "the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual" - This matches the context of "personality development" where teachers would be developing these attributes in their students.

2. "a person of considerable prominence" - This would mean "development of a prominent person," which doesn't make sense in the context of teachers' educational goals.

The correct sense is 1, as it refers to the individual characteristics and attributes that make up a person's personality, which aligns with the educational concept of "personality development."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "development" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality <t>development</t> "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency
2. definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | examples=the development of his ideas took many years
3. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq
5. definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | examples=the development of Alaskan resources
6. definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter
8. definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which definition of "development" is being used:

"It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The context is about personality development in students. Let me look at each definition:

1. "act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining" - This could fit, as personality development involves improvement and refining of personality traits.

2. "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)" - This also fits well. Personality development is indeed a process where a person's personality progresses to a more mature stage.

3. "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically..." - This is specifically about biological/organic growth, which doesn't fit personality development in this educational context.

4. "a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation" - This doesn't fit.

5. "the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful" - This is about land/water development, doesn't fit.

6. "a district that has been developed to serve some purpose" - This is about a place/district, doesn't fit.

7. "a state in which things are improving; the result of developing" - This could fit.

8. "processing a photosensitive material" - This is about photography, doesn't fit.

9. "(music) the section of a composition" - This is about music, doesn't fit.

The best fit appears to be definition 2: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)" because personality development is indeed a gradual process where students' personalities grow and mature over time. This is what teachers would be engaged in when educating students.

Definition 1 could also work, but definition 2 is more precise as it emphasizes the gradual, process-like nature of personality development.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "even" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and <t>even</t> nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that
2. definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works
3. definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | examples=looked sick and felt even worse
4. definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "even" in the sentence:

"It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development" and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The structure is "nice and even nicer" - this is comparing two adjectives. "Even nicer" is being used to indicate that the second thing (minimizing tests) is to a greater degree or extent nicer than the first thing (thinking about personality development).

Let me check each sense:

1. "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected" - Example: "even an idiot knows that" - This is emphasizing the subject unexpectedly. Not the case here.

2. "in spite of; notwithstanding" - Example: "even when he is sick, he works" - This shows contrast/concession. Not the case here.

3. "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" - Example: "looked sick and felt even worse" - This shows comparison of degree. YES! "even nicer" is comparing two levels of niceness.

4. "to the full extent" - Example: "loyal even unto death" - This shows completeness/extent. Not the case here.

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "nice" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even <t>nicer</t> to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance; - George Meredith | examples=what a nice fellow you are and we all thought you so nasty
2. definition=socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous | examples=from a decent family
3. definition=done with delicacy and skill | examples=a nice bit of craft
4. definition=excessively fastidious and easily disgusted | examples=too nice about his food to take to camp cooking
5. definition=exhibiting courtesy and politeness | examples=a nice gesture

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "nice" is being used.

Sentence: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The context suggests that minimizing those irksome tests is something desirable from the teachers' perspective - it's pleasant or agreeable for them. The sentence is comparing two pleasant situations:
1. Teachers thinking they are engaged in personality development
2. (Even nicer) minimizing those irksome tests

In this context, "nicer" means something that is more pleasant or agreeable. Getting rid of irksome tests would be pleasing or agreeable.

Let me check each sense:

1. "pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance" - This fits. The sentence is saying it's pleasant/agreeable to minimize those tests.

2. "socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous" - This doesn't fit well. The sentence isn't about conventional correctness.

3. "done with delicacy and skill" - This doesn't fit. There's no implication of delicate or skilled execution.

4. "excessively fastidious and easily disgusted" - This doesn't fit at all.

5. "exhibiting courtesy and politeness" - This doesn't fit. There's no mention of courtesy or politeness.

The correct answer is 1 - the sense meaning "pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "minimize" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to <t>minimize</t> those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=make small or insignificant | examples=Let's minimize the risk
2. definition=represent as less significant or important
3. definition=cause to seem less serious; play down | examples=Don't belittle his influence

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

Sentence: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to <t>minimize</t> those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The context suggests that teachers want to think of themselves as doing personality development rather than just administering tests. To "minimize" the tests in this context means to make them seem less significant, less important, or to downplay their importance.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "make small or insignificant" | examples="Let's minimize the risk" - This is more about making something actually smaller or less problematic in a practical sense.

2. "represent as less significant or important" - This fits the context. The teachers want to represent the tests as less significant or important. They're downplaying the role of tests.

3. "cause to seem less serious; play down" | examples="Don't belittle his influence" - This is very similar to sense 2, about making something seem less serious or playing it down.

The key distinction between 2 and 3 seems to be:
- Sense 2: "represent as less significant or important"
- Sense 3: "cause to seem less serious; play down"

In the sentence, teachers want to minimize those tests - meaning they want to make them seem less important/significant (rather than literally making them smaller). Both 2 and 3 could work, but sense 2 ("represent as less significant or important") seems to be the primary fit since we're talking about making the tests seem less significant in importance, not necessarily about making them seem "less serious."

Actually, sense 3 with "play down" also fits well - they're playing down the importance of the tests. Let me reconsider...

The difference seems subtle, but sense 2 is more general about "significance or importance" while sense 3 is more specific about "less serious" and "play down."

I think sense 2 is the best fit because the context is about making the tests seem less important/significant within the context of personality development.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "test" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome <t>tests</t> with often disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=trying something to find out about it | examples=a sample for ten days free trial
2. definition=any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc | examples=the test was standardized on a large sample of students
3. definition=a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge | examples=when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions
4. definition=the act of undergoing testing | examples=he survived the great test of battle
5. definition=the act of testing something | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately
6. definition=a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses of "tests":

Sentence: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to minimize those irksome <t>tests</t> with often disappointing results."

The context suggests that tests are:
- Something teachers can minimize (reduce, make less frequent)
- They have disappointing results
- They are contrasted with "personality development"
- They are described as "irksome" (annoying, irritating)

Let me look at each sense:

1. "trying something to find out about it" - a sample for ten days free trial - This doesn't fit well. The sentence isn't about trying something for a trial period.

2. "any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc" - This fits! Tests are standardized procedures for measuring various aspects like intelligence, aptitude, personality, etc. The "disappointing results" and the contrast with personality development support this.

3. "a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge" - This is close, but it's more specifically about questions/exercises. Sense 2 is broader and covers standardized procedures for measuring various traits.

4. "the act of undergoing testing" - This doesn't fit. The sentence is about tests as objects/procedures, not the act of undergoing them.

5. "the act of testing something" - Similar to 4, this is about the action, not the object.

6. "a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins" - This is clearly not the meaning here.

I think sense 2 is the best fit. The tests are being minimized, have disappointing results, and are contrasted with personality development. This suggests they are standardized procedures for measuring various attributes like aptitude, intelligence, etc.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "often" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with <t>often</t> disappointing results.

Senses:
1. definition=many times at short intervals | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. definition=frequently or in great quantities | examples=I don't drink much
3. definition=in many cases or instances

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with <t>often</t> disappointing results."

In this context, "often" is modifying "disappointing results." The sentence is saying that tests frequently have disappointing results, or that disappointing results occur in many cases/instances of tests.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "many times at short intervals" - This suggests repeated occurrences in quick succession. The example "we often met over a cup of coffee" shows repeated meetings happening regularly. This sense emphasizes the frequency of the action happening again and again.

2. "frequently or in great quantities" - This is somewhat vague. The example "I don't drink much" doesn't even have "often" in it, so this seems odd. This might refer to quantity rather than frequency.

3. "in many cases or instances" - This means "frequently" in the sense that in a large proportion of cases or situations, something is true. For example, "Tests often have disappointing results" = "In many cases/instances, tests have disappointing results."

In the given sentence, "often disappointing results" means that tests frequently yield disappointing results, or in many instances/cases, tests have disappointing results. This aligns better with sense 3 - "in many cases or instances" - rather than sense 1 which emphasizes repeated occurrences at short intervals.

The answer should be 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "result" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing <t>results</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise
2. definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution
3. definition=something that results | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "result":

The sentence is: "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results."

The word "results" here refers to the outcomes or consequences that come from tests. The tests produce results (usually scores, grades, or outcomes).

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - This is about something that is caused by something else. The results of the tests are phenomena that follow from (are caused by) the tests themselves. This seems to fit well.

2. "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem" - This doesn't fit. The results aren't statements that solve problems.

3. "something that results" - This is a very general definition. Results are things that result from something, yes, but this is tautological.

4. "the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause" - This is about the semantic role in grammar. The results only exist because of the activity of testing.

Between 1 and 3, sense 1 is more specific and precise. The results are phenomena that follow from and are caused by the tests. Sense 3 is too vague ("something that results").

Between 1 and 4, sense 1 is more about the semantic/conceptual meaning of "results" (outcomes), while 4 is about the grammatical role.

I think the answer is 1, as it best captures that "results" refers to phenomena that are caused by and follow from the tests.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "provide" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also <t>provides</t> teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy.

Senses:
1. definition=give something useful or necessary to | examples=We provided the room with an electrical heater
2. definition=give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance | examples=The hostess provided lunch for all the guests
3. definition=determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation | examples=The will provides that each child should receive half of the money
4. definition=mount or put up | examples=put up a good fight
5. definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | examples=This leaves no room for improvement
6. definition=supply means of subsistence; earn a living | examples=He provides for his large family by working three jobs
7. definition=take measures in preparation for | examples=provide for the proper care of the passengers on the cruise ship

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a 'profession,' since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy."

The sentence structure is: "provides teachers with a superior self-definition"

This means the subject (it) is giving/supplying teachers with something (a superior self-definition). It's providing something useful or necessary TO someone.

Let me check each sense:

1. "give something useful or necessary to" - examples: "We provided the room with an electrical heater" - This matches! It's giving something (heater) to something (room).

2. "give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance" - examples: "The hostess provided lunch for all the guests" - This is similar to #1 but more specific to support, food, or sustenance. The self-definition is not really food or sustenance.

3. "determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies)" - This doesn't apply.

4. "mount or put up" - This doesn't apply.

5. "make a possibility or provide opportunity for" - This could work, as it's making possible a superior self-definition.

6. "supply means of subsistence" - Not relevant here.

7. "take measures in preparation for" - Not relevant here.

The best match is sense 1: "give something useful or necessary to" - because the sentence is giving/providing teachers with something (self-definition), which is parallel to the example "We provided the room with an electrical heater."

Actually, let me reconsider sense 5. "Make a possibility or provide opportunity for" - could "provides teachers with a superior self-definition" mean "creates the opportunity for teachers to have a superior self-definition"?

No, I think sense 1 is more direct. The sentence is literally providing/giving teachers with a self-definition.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "teacher" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also provides <t>teachers</t> with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy.

Senses:
1. definition=a person whose occupation is teaching
2. definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the two senses of "teacher" provided:

Sentence: "It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a 'profession,' since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy."

Senses:
1. definition=a person whose occupation is teaching
2. definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers

In the sentence, "teachers" refers to people whose occupation is teaching. They are actual people who:
- Can be provided something
- Have a self-definition as a profession
- Will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy

This is clearly sense 1, as it refers to actual people whose occupation is teaching, not a personified abstraction like "books were his teachers" in sense 2.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "profession" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "<t>profession</t>, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy.

Senses:
1. definition=the body of people in a learned occupation | examples=the news spread rapidly through the medical profession
2. definition=an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)
3. definition=an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion | examples=a profession of disagreement
4. definition=affirmation of acceptance of some religion or faith | examples=a profession of Christianity

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence is: "It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a 'profession', since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy."

The context here is about teaching and teachers having a "superior self-definition" through passing specialized courses in educational psychology and philosophy.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the body of people in a learned occupation" - This is about a group of professionals, like "the medical profession." This doesn't fit because the sentence is not referring to the collective body of teachers, but rather to "profession" as a category or status.

2. "an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)" - This fits well. The sentence is saying that teaching becomes more of a "profession" because teachers have passed specialized courses in educational areas. This definition emphasizes the special education requirement.

3. "an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion" - This doesn't fit the context at all.

4. "affirmation of acceptance of some religion or faith" - This doesn't fit either.

The best answer is sense 2, because the sentence emphasizes that passing specialized courses in educational psychology and philosophy gives teaching the status of a "profession" - an occupation requiring special education.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "pass" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have <t>passed</t> courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy.

Senses:
1. definition=go across or through | examples=We passed the point where the police car had parked
2. definition=move past | examples=A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window
3. definition=make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation | examples=They passed the amendment
4. definition=pass by | examples=three years elapsed
5. definition=place into the hands or custody of | examples=hand me the spoon, please
6. definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury
7. definition=travel past | examples=The sports car passed all the trucks
8. definition=come to pass | examples=What is happening?
9. definition=go unchallenged; be approved | examples=The bill cleared the House
10. definition=pass time in a specific way | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
11. definition=pass over, across, or through | examples=He ran his eyes over her body
12. definition=transmit information | examples=Please communicate this message to all employees
13. definition=disappear gradually | examples=The pain eventually passed off
14. definition=go successfully through a test or a selection process | examples=She passed the new Jersey Bar Exam and can practice law now
15. definition=be superior or better than some standard | examples=She exceeded our expectations
16. definition=accept or judge as acceptable | examples=The teacher passed the student although he was weak
17. definition=allow to go without comment or censure | examples=the insult passed as if unnoticed
18. definition=transfer to another; of rights or property | examples=Our house passed under his official control
19. definition=pass into a specified state or condition | examples=He sank into nirvana
20. definition=throw (a ball) to another player | examples=Smith passed
21. definition=be inherited by | examples=The estate fell to my sister
22. definition=cause to pass | examples=She passed around the plates
23. definition=grant authorization or clearance for | examples=Clear the manuscript for publication
24. definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | examples=She died from cancer
25. definition=eliminate from the body | examples=Pass a kidney stone

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession," since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy."

The key phrase is "passed courses." What does this mean?

When someone has "passed a course," it means they have successfully completed the course and met the requirements. They have gone through the course successfully and received a passing grade.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

14. definition=go successfully through a test or a selection process | examples=She passed the New Jersey Bar Exam and can practice law now

This seems to fit perfectly. "Passed courses" means they have gone successfully through/completed courses. The example given (passed the Bar Exam) is very similar - it's about successfully completing a test/course requirement.

16. definition=accept or judge as acceptable | examples=The teacher passed the student although he was weak

This could also work, but it's more about the teacher accepting/judging the student as acceptable, which is a slightly different meaning. The main sense is about the student successfully completing the course.

I think sense 14 is the best fit because it specifically mentions going successfully through a test or selection process, and passing courses is exactly that - successfully going through a course/test requirement.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "course" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed <t>courses</t> in educational psychology and educational philosophy.

Senses:
1. definition=education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings | examples=he took a course in basket weaving
2. definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | examples=the government took a firm course
3. definition=general line of orientation | examples=the river takes a southern course
4. definition=a mode of action | examples=if you persist in that course you will surely fail
5. definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path
6. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
7. definition=part of a meal served at one time | examples=she prepared a three course meal
8. definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | examples=a course of bricks
9. definition=facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport | examples=the course had only nine holes

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed <t>courses</t> in educational psychology and educational philosophy."

The word "courses" here refers to classes or lessons that teachers will have completed. Looking at the senses:

1. "education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings" - examples: "he took a course in basket weaving" - This matches perfectly. The teachers will have passed courses (classes/lessons) in educational psychology and educational philosophy.

2. "a connected series of events or actions or developments" - This doesn't fit
3. "general line of orientation" - Doesn't fit
4. "a mode of action" - Doesn't fit
5. "a line or route along which something travels or moves" - Doesn't fit
6. "a body of students who are taught together" - This is related but the definition is about the group of students, not the education itself
7. "part of a meal served at one time" - Doesn't fit
8. "(construction) a layer of masonry" - Doesn't fit
9. "facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport" - Doesn't fit

The correct answer is 1, which matches the example "he took a course in basket weaving" - they will have passed courses in educational subjects, similar to taking a course.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "educational" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in <t>educational</t> psychology and educational philosophy.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

reasoning_content:
The sentence uses "educational psychology" - so the word "educational" is being used to describe something related to the field/process of education, specifically the psychology of education.

Looking at the senses:
1. "relating to the process of education" - examples include "educational psychology"
2. "providing knowledge" - examples include "an educational film"

The sentence directly contains "educational psychology" as an example, which is listed under sense 1. Additionally, "educational philosophy" is also mentioned in the sentence, which is another example of something relating to the process of education.

The answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "educational" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and <t>educational</t> philosophy.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "educational" is being used.

The sentence is: "It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession," since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy."

Looking at the two senses:
1. "relating to the process of education" | examples=educational psychology
2. "providing knowledge" | examples=an educational film

In this sentence, "educational philosophy" refers to the philosophy that relates to or deals with the process of education, not philosophy that provides knowledge.

Notice that the first sense already includes "educational psychology" as an example, and in the sentence we also see "educational psychology" being used in the exact same context.

By parallel structure, "educational philosophy" would be the same sense as "educational psychology."

Sense 1 is "relating to the process of education" and has "educational psychology" as an example.
Sense 2 is "providing knowledge" with "an educational film" as an example.

"Educational philosophy" relates to the process of education (it's the philosophy OF education), not something that provides knowledge.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "philosophy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational <t>philosophy</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
2. definition=the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics
3. definition=any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation | examples=self-indulgence was his only philosophy

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "philosophy" is being used.

The sentence reads: "It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a 'profession,' since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy."

The context is about teachers passing courses in "educational philosophy." This is referring to a formal field or subject of study within education - specifically the philosophical study of education, educational theory, and the principles/beliefs that underlie educational practice.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school" - This could fit, as educational philosophy is indeed a system of beliefs about education accepted within the educational field.

2. "the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics" - This is the more general, academic definition of philosophy as an academic discipline. Educational philosophy would be a specific branch of this broader rational investigation.

3. "any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation" - This is too informal and personal. The sentence is talking about academic courses, not personal beliefs.

Looking at the context more carefully: "courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy" - this is clearly referring to academic subject areas. Educational philosophy is a formal academic discipline/field of study.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate because it refers to a system of beliefs that is accepted as authoritative (in this case, within the field of education). Sense 2 is also reasonable as it emphasizes the rational investigation aspect, but sense 1 better captures the "accepted system" aspect that fits with taking formal courses in it.

Actually, I think sense 2 might be better because educational philosophy as an academic course would involve the "rational investigation of questions" - particularly about education, knowledge, and ethics in an educational context. This is the academic discipline meaning.

Both 1 and 2 could work, but in an academic context with formal courses, sense 2 (rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics) seems most appropriate, as that's what philosophical courses involve.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "take" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: I myself <t>took</t> such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher.

Senses:
1. definition=carry out | examples=take action
2. definition=require (time or space) | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning
3. definition=take somebody somewhere | examples=We lead him to our chief
4. definition=get into one's hands, take physically | examples=Take a cookie!
5. definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | examples=His voice took on a sad tone
6. definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | examples=I read this address as a satire
7. definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | examples=Bring me the box from the other room
8. definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania
9. definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work
10. definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | examples=Take any one of these cards
11. definition=receive willingly something given or offered | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter
12. definition=assume, as of positions or roles | examples=She took the job as director of development
13. definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | examples=Take the case of China
14. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did
15. definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test
16. definition=make a film or photograph of something | examples=take a scene
17. definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | examples=remove a threat
18. definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!
19. definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | examples=We took a pay cut
20. definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | examples=take a risk
21. definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics
22. definition=occupy or take on | examples=He assumes the lotus position
23. definition=admit into a group or community | examples=accept students for graduate study
24. definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse
25. definition=be a student of a certain subject | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | examples=the accident claimed three lives
27. definition=head into a specified direction | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills
28. definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!
29. definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick
30. definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | examples=She always takes an umbrella
31. definition=engage for service under a term of contract | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street
32. definition=receive or obtain regularly | examples=We take the Times every day
33. definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. definition=have sex with; archaic use | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. definition=be designed to hold or take | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. definition=be capable of holding or containing | examples=This box won't take all the items
39. definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. definition=proceed along in a vehicle | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all
42. definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | examples=He got AIDS

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "I myself <t>took</t> such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher."

The subject "I" took courses. This means the person enrolled in or studied certain courses. Let me look at the senses:

1. carry out - not quite
2. require time or space - no
3. take somebody somewhere - no
4. get into one's hands, take physically - not really
5. take on a certain form - no
6. interpret something - no
7. take somebody with oneself somewhere - no
8. take into one's possession - possibly
9. travel or go by means of - no
10. pick out, select - possibly
12. assume, as of positions or roles - possibly
25. be a student of a certain subject - This seems very relevant! "She is reading for the bar exam"
31. engage for service under a term of contract - possibly
32. receive or obtain regularly - no

Looking at sense 25: "be a student of a certain subject" with example "She is reading for the bar exam". This matches perfectly - "I took such courses" means "I was a student of these courses."

The answer should be 25.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "course" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: I myself took such <t>courses</t> in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher.

Senses:
1. definition=education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings | examples=he took a course in basket weaving
2. definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | examples=the government took a firm course
3. definition=general line of orientation | examples=the river takes a southern course
4. definition=a mode of action | examples=if you persist in that course you will surely fail
5. definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path
6. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
7. definition=part of a meal served at one time | examples=she prepared a three course meal
8. definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | examples=a course of bricks
9. definition=facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport | examples=the course had only nine holes

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "I myself took such <t>courses</t> in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher."

The person is talking about taking courses in college. This is clearly referring to education or classes taken at a college/university.

Let me check each sense:

1. "education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings" - examples: "he took a course in basket weaving" - This matches! Taking courses in college refers to education.

2. "a connected series of events or actions or developments" - doesn't fit

3. "general line of orientation" - doesn't fit

4. "a mode of action" - doesn't fit

5. "a line or route along which something travels or moves" - doesn't fit

6. "a body of students who are taught together" - This could possibly fit, but the example given is "early morning classes are always sleepy" which talks about the group of students being sleepy. In the sentence, "courses" refers to the educational programs themselves, not the body of students.

7. "part of a meal served at one time" - doesn't fit

8. "(construction) a layer of masonry" - doesn't fit

9. "facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport" - doesn't fit

The correct answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "college" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: I myself took such courses in <t>college</t>, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher.

Senses:
1. definition=the body of faculty and students of a college
2. definition=an institution of higher education created to educate and grant degrees; often a part of a university
3. definition=a complex of buildings in which an institution of higher education is housed

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "I myself took such courses in <t>college</t>, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher."

The speaker is saying they took courses in college. This refers to attending an institution of higher education where they took courses as a student.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "the body of faculty and students of a college" - This refers to the group of people at a college, not the institution itself
2. "an institution of higher education created to educate and grant degrees; often a part of a university" - This refers to the institution itself where students take courses
3. "a complex of buildings in which an institution of higher education is housed" - This refers to the physical buildings/campus

In the sentence, "took such courses in college" refers to attending the institution of higher education where one takes courses. This is sense 2 - an institution of higher education.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "think" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: I myself took such courses in college, <t>thinking</t> I might end up a schoolteacher.

Senses:
1. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
2. definition=expect, believe, or suppose | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel
3. definition=use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments | examples=I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere
4. definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing
5. definition=imagine or visualize | examples=Just think--you could be rich one day!
6. definition=focus one's attention on a certain state | examples=Think big
7. definition=have in mind as a purpose | examples=I mean no harm
8. definition=decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting | examples=Can you think what to do next?
9. definition=ponder; reflect on, or reason about | examples=Think the matter through
10. definition=dispose the mind in a certain way | examples=Do you really think so?
11. definition=have or formulate in the mind | examples=think good thoughts
12. definition=be capable of conscious thought | examples=Man is the only creature that thinks
13. definition=bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation | examples=She thought herself into a state of panic over the final exam

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher."

The word "thinking" here is used in a context where someone is contemplating or considering a possibility - that they might end up as a schoolteacher. They took courses with this consideration in mind.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "judge or regard" - Not quite, it's not about judging something
2. "expect, believe, or suppose" - This could fit - the person believed/supposed they might end up a schoolteacher
3. "use the mind to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at solutions" - Too broad
4. "recall knowledge from memory" - No, this is about recollection
5. "imagine or visualize" - This could fit - imagining a future possibility
6. "focus attention on a state" - No
7. "have in mind as a purpose" - Could fit - had the purpose/intention in mind
8. "decide by pondering" - Could fit
9. "ponder; reflect on, or reason about" - Could fit
10. "dispose the mind in a certain way" - Not quite
11. "have or formulate in the mind" - Could fit
12. "be capable of conscious thought" - No
13. "bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation" - No

The most fitting sense seems to be #2 "expect, believe, or suppose" - the person took courses believing/supposing they might end up as a schoolteacher. This captures the sense of having an expectation or belief about a future outcome.

Actually, looking more carefully, sense #5 "imagine or visualize" also fits well - imagining/visualizing oneself as a schoolteacher. Or #11 "have or formulate in the mind" - having in mind the idea of becoming a schoolteacher.

But I think #2 is the best fit because the person is expressing a belief or supposition about what might happen.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fairly" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They could all <t>fairly</t> be described as "pap "courses.

Senses:
1. definition=to a moderately sufficient extent or degree | examples=pretty big
2. definition=without favoring one party, in a fair evenhanded manner | examples=deal fairly with one another
3. definition=in conformity with the rules or laws and without fraud or cheating | examples=they played fairly

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "They could all fairly be described as 'pap' courses."

The word "fairly" is being used here to mean "with reasonable accuracy" or "to a moderately sufficient extent or degree" - essentially meaning that it would be reasonably accurate to describe them as "pap" courses.

Let me check each sense:

1. "to a moderately sufficient extent or degree" - This seems to fit. The sentence is saying they could reasonably/moderately/sufficiently be described this way. It's similar to the example "pretty big" which also uses fairly/pretty to indicate a degree.

2. "without favoring one party, in a fair evenhanded manner" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about being impartial or treating parties equally.

3. "in conformity with the rules or laws and without fraud or cheating" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about following rules or playing fairly in a literal sense.

The answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "describe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They could all fairly be <t>described</t> as "pap "courses.

Senses:
1. definition=give a description of | examples=He drew an elaborate plan of attack
2. definition=to give an account or representation of in words | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
3. definition=make a mark or lines on a surface | examples=draw a line
4. definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "They could all fairly be described as 'pap' courses."

In this context, "described" means to give an account or representation of something in words - specifically, to characterize or identify what something is.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "give a description of" - with example "He drew an elaborate plan of attack" - This is about providing detailed description. The sentence is more about characterizing/identifying than detailed description.

2. "to give an account or representation of in words" - with example "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental" - This fits well. The sentence is giving an account of what the courses are (they are "pap" courses).

3. "make a mark or lines on a surface" - with example "draw a line" - This is about physical marking, not applicable here.

4. "identify as in botany or biology, for example" - This is about identifying/classifying something in a scientific context. While "describe" can mean to identify, this sense seems more specific to scientific classification.

The sentence "They could all fairly be described as 'pap' courses" is using "described" in the sense of characterizing or giving an account of what something is. This best matches sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "pap" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They could all fairly be described as "<t>pap</t> "courses.

Senses:
1. definition=worthless or oversimplified ideas
2. definition=a diet that does not require chewing; advised for those with intestinal disorders
3. definition=the small projection of a mammary gland

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "They could all fairly be described as "pap" courses."

This is referring to courses (as in educational/academic courses) that are described as "pap". In this context, "pap" is being used to describe something as worthless or oversimplified. The courses are being criticized as being insubstantial or lacking in real intellectual value.

Let me check the definitions:
1. worthless or oversimplified ideas - This fits perfectly. "Pap" courses would be courses containing worthless or oversimplified ideas.
2. a diet that does not require chewing; advised for those with intestinal disorders - This is about food, doesn't fit the context of courses.
3. the small projection of a mammary gland - This is anatomical, doesn't fit the context.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "course" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: They could all fairly be described as "pap "<t>courses</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings | examples=he took a course in basket weaving
2. definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | examples=the government took a firm course
3. definition=general line of orientation | examples=the river takes a southern course
4. definition=a mode of action | examples=if you persist in that course you will surely fail
5. definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path
6. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
7. definition=part of a meal served at one time | examples=she prepared a three course meal
8. definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | examples=a course of bricks
9. definition=facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport | examples=the course had only nine holes

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "They could all fairly be described as 'pap' courses."

The context is that something can be described as "pap courses" - where "pap" means something oversimplified or lacking substance/rigor.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings" - This could fit. The sentence is describing educational courses (classes/educational programs).

2. "a connected series of events or actions or developments" - This doesn't fit the context.

3. "general line of orientation" - Doesn't fit.

4. "a mode of action" - Doesn't fit.

5. "a line or route along which something travels or moves" - Doesn't fit.

6. "a body of students who are taught together" - This is not what's being described here.

7. "part of a meal served at one time" - Doesn't fit.

8. "(construction) a layer of masonry" - Doesn't fit.

9. "facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport" - Doesn't fit.

The sentence is clearly referring to educational courses (like university/school courses). The phrase "pap courses" refers to courses that are easy, oversimplified, or not rigorous. This matches sense 1: "education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "teacher" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But it is unfair to dump on <t>teachers</t>, as distinct from the educational establishment.

Senses:
1. definition=a person whose occupation is teaching
2. definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "But it is unfair to dump on <t>teachers</t>, as distinct from the educational establishment."

The sentence is talking about teachers as people whose occupation is teaching. It's contrasting actual teachers (the people) from "the educational establishment" (the institutional/bureaucratic system).

"Teachers" here refers to the actual people who teach, not some personified abstraction like books teaching someone.

So this is sense 1: "a person whose occupation is teaching"