[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for <t>cancer</t> to arise, both copies must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "cancer" is being used.

The sentence is: "Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for <t>cancer</t> to arise, both copies must be impaired."

This sentence is discussing:
- Cell growth
- Proteins that control cell growth
- Cell copies (likely referring to DNA/gene copies)
- The condition where this growth becomes abnormal

The context is clearly medical/biological, discussing abnormal cell growth and division.

Let me review the senses:
1. Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - This fits perfectly with the sentence's discussion of cell growth control and the disease
2. A person born while the sun is in Cancer - Not relevant to the sentence
3. A zodiacal constellation - Not relevant to the sentence
4. The fourth sign of the zodiac - Not relevant to the sentence
5. Type genus of the family Cancridae - This refers to crabs, not relevant to the sentence

The answer is clearly sense 1, as the sentence is discussing the medical disease cancer in the context of abnormal cell division and growth control.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "arise" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to <t>arise</t>, both copies must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
2. definition=originate or come into being | examples=a question arose
3. definition=rise to one's feet | examples=The audience got up and applauded
4. definition=result or issue | examples=A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion
5. definition=move upward | examples=The fog lifted
6. definition=take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
7. definition=get up and out of bed | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to <t>arise</t>, both copies must be impaired."

In this sentence, "arise" means that cancer comes into existence or originates as a result of both copies being impaired. The cancer needs to come into being/come into existence.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "come into existence; take on form or shape" - This fits well. Cancer arises (comes into existence) when both copies are impaired.

2. "originate or come into being" - This also fits. Cancer originates/comes into being when both copies are impaired.

3. "rise to one's feet" - Doesn't fit. This is about standing up.

4. "result or issue" - This could partially fit, as cancer is a result of both copies being impaired. "A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion" is similar in structure.

5. "move upward" - Doesn't fit. This is about physical movement.

6. "take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance" - Doesn't fit.

7. "get up and out of bed" - Doesn't fit. This is about waking up.

Between 1, 2, and 4:
- Sense 1: "come into existence; take on form or shape"
- Sense 2: "originate or come into being"
- Sense 4: "result or issue"

Looking at the example for sense 4: "A slight unpleasantness arose from this discussion" - this is about something resulting/issuing from something else.

In the cancer sentence, cancer arises as a result of both copies being impaired. This fits sense 4 well - cancer results/issues from the impairment of both copies.

However, senses 1 and 2 also seem to fit.

The contextual structure "for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired" frames cancer as a direct consequence of this genetic condition, making sense 4 the most fitting choice—cancer emerges as the outcome when both copies are damaged.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both <t>copies</t> must be impaired.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both <t>copies</t> must be impaired."

This sentence is talking about biological genetics/DNA. "Copies" here refers to copies of genes or DNA sequences - specifically, both alleles (copies) of a particular gene must be impaired for cancer to arise. This is discussing duplicate versions of something (in this case, genes).

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)" - This doesn't fit. The context is genetic/biological, not legal or school records.

2. "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" - This fits. The copies here are duplicate versions of a gene/DNA sequence that are similar or identical to each other. The example "she made a copy of the designer dress" shows something made to be identical to another thing. Similarly, gene copies are duplicates.

3. "matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials" - This doesn't fit. This is about printing/publishing, not genetics.

4. "material suitable for a journalistic account" - This doesn't fit. This is about journalism, not genetics.

The answer is sense 2 - it refers to things that are made to be similar or identical to another thing, which in this biological context means the duplicate copies of genes.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impaired" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be <t>impaired</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=diminished in strength, quality, or utility | examples=impaired eyesight
2. definition=mentally or physically unfit

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "impaired" is being used:

"Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be <t>impaired</t>."

In this context, "impaired" is being used to describe gene copies (DNA) that have been damaged or made non-functional in their ability to produce proteins that control cell growth.

Let me look at the two definitions:
1. "diminished in strength, quality, or utility" - This means made weaker or less effective
2. "mentally or physically unfit" - This refers to a person having a disability

In the sentence, the copies of a gene are described as "impaired" meaning they don't function properly - their quality or utility is diminished. They can no longer make the proteins needed to control cell growth. This is consistent with definition 1: "diminished in strength, quality, or utility."

Definition 2 is specifically about mental or physical unfitness in a personal/medical sense, which doesn't apply here since we're talking about genetic copies/genes, not a person's mental or physical state.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "person" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A <t>person</t> who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a human body (usually including the clothing) | examples=a weapon was hidden on his person
3. definition=a grammatical category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms according to whether they indicate the speaker, the addressee, or a third party | examples=stop talking about yourself in the third person

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the three sense definitions:

The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Looking at how "person" is used here:
- It refers to a human being - someone who can be born, who has genes, who can develop cancer
- It's not talking about a human body or clothing (sense 2)
- It's not talking about grammatical categories (sense 3)

Sense 1: "a human being" with example "there was too much for one person to do"
This matches perfectly. The sentence is referring to a human being who has biological characteristics (genes, can develop cancer, uses pronouns like "he").

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is <t>born</t> with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=have | examples=bear a resemblance
2. definition=cause to be born | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
3. definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism
4. definition=move while holding up or supporting | examples=Bear gifts
5. definition=bring forth, | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year
6. definition=take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person | examples=I'll accept the charges
7. definition=contain or hold; have within | examples=The jar carries wine
8. definition=bring in | examples=interest-bearing accounts
9. definition=have on one's person | examples=He wore a red ribbon
10. definition=behave in a certain manner | examples=She carried herself well
11. definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | examples=She bears the title of Duchess
12. definition=support or hold in a certain manner | examples=She holds her head high
13. definition=be pregnant with | examples=She is bearing his child

raw_output:
2

The word "born" in the sentence refers to being brought into existence/coming into the world, which corresponds to sense 2: "cause to be born."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

The word in question is "born" (marked with <t>born</t>), which is a past participle form of "bear."

Let me look at the senses:

1. have - bear a resemblance (not about birth)
2. cause to be born - "My wife had twins yesterday!" - This is about being born/giving birth
3. put up with - criticism (not about birth)
4. move while holding up - Bear gifts (not about birth)
5. bring forth - The apple tree bore delicious apples this year (production, not birth)
6. take on expenses - not about birth
7. contain or hold - not about birth
8. bring in - interest-bearing accounts (not about birth)
9. have on one's person - wore a red ribbon (not about birth)
10. behave in a certain manner - carried herself well (not about birth)
11. have rightfully - She bears the title (not about birth)
12. support or hold - She holds her head high (not about birth)
13. be pregnant with - She is bearing his child (pregnancy/birth)

The sentence says "A person who is born..." This is passive voice, meaning the person is being brought into the world.

Sense 2 is "cause to be born" - this fits perfectly. When someone is "born," they are being caused to be born by their parent(s).

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is <t>born</t> with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=have | examples=bear a resemblance
2. definition=cause to be born | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
3. definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism
4. definition=move while holding up or supporting | examples=Bear gifts
5. definition=bring forth, | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year
6. definition=take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person | examples=I'll accept the charges
7. definition=contain or hold; have within | examples=The jar carries wine
8. definition=bring in | examples=interest-bearing accounts
9. definition=have on one's person | examples=He wore a red ribbon
10. definition=behave in a certain manner | examples=She carried herself well
11. definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | examples=She bears the title of Duchess
12. definition=support or hold in a certain manner | examples=She holds her head high
13. definition=be pregnant with | examples=She is bearing his child

[Assistant]
2

The word "born" in the sentence refers to being brought into existence/coming into the world, which corresponds to sense 2: "cause to be born."

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 13. Return only the integer.

reasoning_content:
Let me reconsider. The sentence uses "born" which is the past participle of "bear". Let me look at what "born" means in this context:

"A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene..."

This means a person who came into the world/was delivered/came into existence with this genetic condition.

Looking at the senses again:
1. have | bear a resemblance
2. cause to be born | My wife had twins yesterday!
3. put up with something unpleasant
4. move while holding up or supporting | Bear gifts
5. bring forth | The apple tree bore delicious apples this year
6. take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person
7. contain or hold; have within
8. bring in | interest-bearing accounts
9. have on one's person
10. behave in a certain manner
11. have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices
12. support or hold in a certain manner
13. be pregnant with | She is bearing his child

When someone is "born," that means they are being brought forth/delivered. Sense 5 says "bring forth" with the example "The apple tree bore delicious apples this year."

Actually, sense 2 is "cause to be born" which would be more about causing the birth, not about being born.

Sense 5 "bring forth" is about producing/giving birth to offspring. This matches "born" - a person born is someone brought forth.

The answer should be 5.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective <t>copy</t> of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "copy" is being used.

The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

The word "copy" here refers to a copy of a gene - specifically, one of the two copies of the suppressor gene that a person inherits (one from each parent).

Let me check each definition:

1. "a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)" - This is about written records, not genes. Not this one.

2. "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" - This is about a reproduction or duplicate of something. In this context, "copy" refers to a copy of the suppressor gene - which is a duplicate/version of the genetic material. This seems like the right fit.

3. "matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials" - This is about written/printed material for publishing. Not relevant here.

4. "material suitable for a journalistic account" - This is also about journalistic writing. Not relevant here.

The answer is 2, because the "copy" of a gene refers to a duplicate version of the genetic material, which matches the definition "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one <t>copy</t> is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand how "copy" is being used:

"A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

In this context, "copy" refers to a single version or instance of a gene. The person has two copies of the suppressor gene (one from each parent), and if one is defective or damaged, they need to lose the other copy for cancer to develop.

This is talking about a genetic copy - a single instance or reproduction of genetic material. The gene has multiple copies in the organism.

Looking at the definitions:
1. "a reproduction of a written record" - not about genes
2. "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" - this fits! A copy of a gene is an instance/version that is similar to the original gene
3. "matter to be printed" - not relevant
4. "material suitable for a journalistic account" - not relevant

The answer is sense 2 - "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". In this genetic context, a "copy" of a gene is essentially an instance or version of that gene.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is <t>damaged</t> early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

raw_output:
1

The sentence uses the sense "inflict damage upon" (in passive voice). The gene copy actually becomes damaged early in life ("is damaged"), meaning damage is inflicted upon it. This contrasts with sense 2, which refers to being susceptible to or prone to damage (as in "damage easily").

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "damaged" is being used.

The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is <t>damaged</t> early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

Let me look at the two senses:
1. "inflict damage upon" (active voice - doing damage to something) - Example: "The snow damaged the roof" (the snow is doing the damaging)
2. "suffer or be susceptible to damage" (passive voice - receiving damage) - Example: "These fine china cups damage easily" (the cups are being damaged/are susceptible to damage)

In the sentence, "one copy is damaged early in life" - here "damaged" is in the passive voice. The one copy is receiving the damage. Someone or something is damaging the copy, not the copy is damaging something else.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "inflict damage upon" - this is the transitive/active sense
- Sense 2: "suffer or be susceptible to damage" - this is about being damaged or being prone to damage

In the sentence: "one copy is damaged early in life" - the gene copy is being damaged. This is passive voice, which suggests the active meaning (sense 1) of inflicting damage.

However, the structure "is damaged" is passive. The key question is whether this passive structure corresponds to sense 1 (the active inflicting) or sense 2 (the susceptible/suffering).

Sense 2 is about susceptibility - "damage easily" means prone to being damaged. But in our sentence, "is damaged early in life" means it actually was damaged, not that it is susceptible to being damaged.

So this should be sense 1 - "inflict damage upon" - used in passive voice.
The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is <t>damaged</t> early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof
2. definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily

[Assistant]
1

The sentence uses the sense "inflict damage upon" (in passive voice). The gene copy actually becomes damaged early in life ("is damaged"), meaning damage is inflicted upon it. This contrasts with sense 2, which refers to being susceptible to or prone to damage (as in "damage easily").

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only the integer.

reasoning_content:
Let me reconsider this more carefully.

The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is <t>damaged</t> early in life, is especially prone to cancer..."

The two senses are:
1. "inflict damage upon" | examples: "The snow damaged the roof"
2. "suffer or be susceptible to damage" | examples: "These fine china cups damage easily"

In the sentence, "is damaged" is in the passive voice. This means damage is being inflicted upon the gene copy.

Sense 1: "inflict damage upon" - this would be the transitive use where something causes damage to something else
Sense 2: "suffer or be susceptible to damage" - this is about being prone to or capable of being damaged

Actually, looking at sense 2 more carefully - "suffer or be susceptible to damage" and the example "These fine china cups damage easily" - this sense seems to describe things that are easily damaged or susceptible to damage.

In the sentence, "one copy is damaged early in life" - the gene copy suffers damage. It becomes damaged. This suggests it's susceptible to being damaged.

So sense 2 seems more appropriate - the gene copy is something that can be damaged (susceptible to damage).

Let me think again about sense 1: "inflict damage upon" with example "The snow damaged the roof" - here snow is the agent inflicting damage.

In the passive "is damaged," we have the gene copy receiving the damage, which aligns more with sense 2 - being susceptible to or suffering damage.

So the answer should be 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "early" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged <t>early</t> in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=during an early stage | examples=early on in her career
2. definition=before the usual time or the time expected | examples=she graduated early
3. definition=in good time | examples=he awoke betimes that morning

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "early" is being used.

The sentence reads: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged <t>early</t> in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

The phrase is "damaged early in life."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "during an early stage" - examples: "early on in her career" - This refers to being during an early phase or beginning of something. "Early in life" would mean during the early stage/phase of life.

2. "before the usual time or the time expected" - examples: "she graduated early" - This refers to something happening before the expected time.

3. "in good time" - examples: "he awoke betimes that morning" - This is about doing something in a timely manner or with enough advance notice.

In the context "damaged early in life," the phrase means the damage occurred during an early stage/phase of that person's life (childhood/youth). This matches sense 1: "during an early stage."

Sense 2 would be if the damage occurred before the usual or expected time it would occur.
Sense 3 is about timeliness.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "life" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in <t>life</t>, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life
2. definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia
4. definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | examples=while there's life there's hope
5. definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | examples=the battery had a short life
6. definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. definition=animation and energy in action or expression | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life
13. definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | examples=he got life for killing the guard

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence carefully to understand which sense of "life" is being used.

The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in <t>life</t>, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

The phrase is "early in life" - this is referring to an early time period in a person's existence, during their lifetime.

Let me go through the senses:

1. "a characteristic state or mode of living" - No, this doesn't fit
2. "the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities" - Possibly, but this seems more about the experience/course
3. "the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living" - Could fit, but this is more about the course of existence
4. "the condition of living or the state of being alive" - No, this is about a state/condition
5. "the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)" - This is about a period of time something is functional
6. "the period between birth and the present time" - This is about the period from birth to now
7. "the period from the present until death" - No, this is forward-looking
8. "a living person" - No
9. "animation and energy" - No
10. "living things collectively" - No
11. "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms" - No
12. "an account of the series of events making up a person's life" - No
13. "a motive for living" - No
14. "a prison term" - No

The phrase "early in life" refers to the period/time during someone's lifetime. This best matches sense 6: "the period between birth and the present time" or sense 5: "the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)".

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 6, it says "the period between birth and the present time" with example "I have known him all his life" - this fits well with "early in life" as it refers to the time period in someone's lifetime.
Sense 6 is the best match. The phrase "early in life" uses "life" to mean the temporal span from birth onward, which aligns with how the definition describes a period within someone's lifetime.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "especially" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is <t>especially</t> prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling
2. definition=in a special manner | examples=a specially arranged dinner

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the two senses of "especially" to determine which one is being used.

The sentence is: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

In this context, "especially" means that the person is prone to cancer to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common. The sentence is explaining that such people are MORE prone to cancer compared to people without this genetic defect - it's a comparison of degree.

Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" - this fits the usage in the sentence.

Sense 2: "in a special manner" - this would mean the manner in which they are prone to cancer is special, which doesn't really fit. This sense is used when something is done in a particular or special way (like "a specially arranged dinner").

The correct answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to <t>cancer</t> because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Looking at the sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to <t>cancer</t> because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

The context is clearly medical/biological. It's talking about:
- A defective suppressor gene (tumor suppressor gene - a genetics/medical concept)
- Cell division and tumor development
- How losing a second copy of a gene would cause cancer to develop

This is clearly referring to the medical condition of cancer - a malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.

Sense 1 matches this perfectly: "definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"

The other senses are:
- Sense 2: astrology (person born under Cancer sign)
- Sense 3: constellation
- Sense 4: zodiac sign
- Sense 5: genus of crabs

None of those other senses fit the context of this medical/genetic discussion.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "only" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need <t>only</t> lose the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need <t>only</t> lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

The phrase is "he need only lose the other copy" which means "he only needs to lose the other copy" or "all he needs to do is lose the other copy."

This is expressing "and nothing more" - it's saying that losing the other copy is all that needs to happen for cancer to develop. There's nothing more required beyond that.

Let me check the senses:
1. "and nothing more" - This fits. The sentence is saying he needs to lose the other copy, and that's all (nothing more) that needs to happen.
2. "without any others being included or involved" - This doesn't fit well
3. "with nevertheless the final result" - This doesn't fit
4. "in the final outcome" - This doesn't fit
5. "except that" - This doesn't fit
6. "never except when" - This doesn't fit
7. "as recently as" - This doesn't fit

The answer is 1. The word "only" here means "and nothing more" - he need only lose the other copy (and nothing more needs to happen) for cancer to develop.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "lose" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only <t>lose</t> the other copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war
4. definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!
8. definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. definition=retreat
10. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | examples=I missed that remark
11. definition=be set at a disadvantage | examples=This author really suffers in translation

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

In this context, the person needs to lose (not have/not maintain) one copy of the suppressor gene. The definition is about failing to keep or maintain something - in this case, one copy of a gene.

Let me check each sense:

1. "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have" - This fits perfectly. The person loses (ceases to have) the other copy of the gene.

2. "fail to win" - Doesn't fit

3. "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal" - Not about a person

4. "place (something) where one cannot find it again" - Not about misplacing something

5. "miss from one's possessions; lose sight of" - This is about missing something from one's possessions, which could work, but this is about a gene copy being lost from one's genetic material

6. "allow to go out of sight" - Not about allowing something to go out of sight

7. "fail to make money in a business" - Not relevant

8. "fail to get or obtain" - Not about failing to obtain

9. "retreat" - Not relevant

10. "fail to perceive or to catch with the senses" - Not about perception

11. "be set at a disadvantage" - Not directly relevant

The best fit is sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense"

This matches the biological context where the person needs to cease to have (lose) the other copy of the suppressor gene.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the <t>other</t> copy for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

Sentence: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the <t>other</t> copy for a cancer to develop."

In this sentence, "other" is used to refer to "the other copy" - meaning the second copy of the suppressor gene that hasn't been mentioned yet but is implied to exist (the first copy was already mentioned as being "one defective copy" or "one copy").

Let me check each sense:

1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - This fits! The sentence mentions "one defective copy" or "one copy" and then refers to "the other copy" - the second copy that is different from the first one already mentioned.

2. "recently past" - This doesn't fit. "Other" is not being used to mean recently past.

3. "belonging to the distant past" - This doesn't fit either.

4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" - This doesn't fit. The "other copy" is not being described as unusual or strange.

The correct sense is definitely 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other <t>copy</t> for a cancer to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "copy" is being used:

"A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

In this context, "copy" refers to a duplicate or instance of a gene. The person has two copies of the suppressor gene (one from each parent). One copy can be defective or damaged, and they need to lose the other copy for cancer to develop.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)" - This doesn't fit. The sentence is about genes, not written records.

2. "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" - This could fit in the sense that each copy of a gene is similar/identical to the other, but this is a biological context about gene copies.

3. "matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials" - This doesn't fit at all.

4. "material suitable for a journalistic account" - This doesn't fit.

Actually, looking more carefully, the sentence is using "copy" in a biological sense - referring to one of the duplicate versions of a gene. This most closely aligns with sense 2, which is "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing." In genetics, organisms typically have two copies of each gene (one from each parent), and they are essentially identical or very similar versions of the same gene.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a <t>cancer</t> to develop.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "cancer" is being used.

The sentence reads: "A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a <t>cancer</t> to develop."

The context is clearly medical/scientific - discussing:
- Defective genes (suppressor genes)
- Cell division/growth
- Genetic damage
- Development of tumors/growths

This is obviously referring to the disease cancer, not:
- A zodiacal sign (senses 3, 4)
- A person born under that sign (sense 2)
- A genus of crabs (sense 5)

Sense 1 states: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"

This perfectly matches the context of the sentence, which is discussing abnormal cell growth resulting from gene mutations.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to <t>develop</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand the context of how "develop" is being used.

"A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop."

In this sentence, "develop" means that cancer will come into existence or begin to emerge. The person is saying that if the other copy is lost, a cancer will emerge or come into being.

Looking at the senses:
1. make something new - No, cancer isn't being "made"
2. work out - No
3. gain through experience - No
4. come to have physical features - No
5. come into existence; take on form or shape - This could work. Cancer coming into existence.
6. change the use of and make available - No
7. elaborate theories - No
8. create by training - No
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest - This is close, but more about revealing something hidden
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through natural growth - This seems very appropriate. Cancer will grow and progress naturally.
11. become technologically advanced - No
12. cause to grow and differentiate - No, wrong voice
13. generate gradually - No
14. grow emotionally or mature - No
15. make visible by chemical solutions - No
16. geometry definition - No
17-19. Chess and music definitions - No
20. happen - This could work, but seems too general
21. expand in a mathematical series - No

Between sense 5 and 10, I think sense 10 is the best fit because it emphasizes the natural growth and progression of the cancer ("grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth"). The cancer will develop naturally from losing that copy of the gene.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape" - this is also quite appropriate.
Sense 10 captures the biological process more fully—the cancer doesn't just appear, but grows and unfolds naturally through the loss of that genetic safeguard.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "emerging" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Emerging</t> genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=coming to maturity | examples=the rising generation
2. definition=coming into existence | examples=an emergent republic

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the use of "emerging" in the sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

The word "emerging" is describing genetic tests that are coming into existence or coming into being - tests that are new and are developing/appearing now.

Let me look at the two senses:

1. "coming to maturity" - examples: "the rising generation" - this suggests something that is developing toward adulthood or full development

2. "coming into existence" - examples: "an emergent republic" - this suggests something that is beginning to exist or appearing for the first time

In the sentence, "emerging genetic tests" refers to tests that are new and coming into existence/appearing in development right now. They are tests that are newly appearing/coming into being, not necessarily tests that are reaching maturity (sense 1).

Actually, let me reconsider. "Emerging genetic tests" could mean tests that are coming into existence (developing, appearing) or tests that are reaching maturity (becoming viable/developed).

Looking at sense 1: "coming to maturity" with example "the rising generation" - the rising generation is young people who are developing/growing up toward adulthood.

Looking at sense 2: "coming into existence" with example "an emergent republic" - an emergent republic would be a new republic that is just coming into being/existence.

"Emerging genetic tests" seems more aligned with sense 2 - "coming into existence" - because they are new tests that are appearing/developing, similar to how "an emergent republic" is a new nation coming into being.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging <t>genetic</t> tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

The sentence is talking about "genetic tests" - tests that examine genes or genetic material to identify cancer susceptibility.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity" - This describes inherited traits/conditions. While cancer susceptibility can run in families, the word "genetic" here is not specifically talking about heredity or familial occurrence. It's describing the nature of the tests themselves.

2. "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" - This directly describes tests that work with genes. Genetic tests examine genes to determine susceptibility. This seems very fitting.

3. "pertaining to or referring to origin" - This is about origins of things like literary works. This doesn't fit the context.

4. "of or relating to the science of genetics" - This would describe something relating to the scientific field of genetics. Tests could be related to the science of genetics, but the more direct meaning is that they test genes.

Sense 2 seems most appropriate - these are tests "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" because they examine genes to identify cancer susceptibility. Sense 4 could also work, but sense 2 is more specific and direct to what a "genetic test" is - it's a test based on genes.

I think the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "able" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be <t>able</t> to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim
2. definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | examples=able teachers
3. definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn
4. definition=having a strong healthy body | examples=an able seaman

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence is: "Emerging genetic tests will be <t>able</t> to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

The structure is "will be able to spot" - this is talking about the capability or possibility of the genetic tests being able to perform an action (spot cancer-susceptible individuals).

Let me look at each sense:

1. "(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something" - examples: "able to swim" - This matches the pattern "able to do something" (able to spot)

2. "have the skills and qualifications to do things well" - examples: "able teachers" - This is about people/teachers being skilled, not about something being capable of doing an action.

3. "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity" - examples: "able to learn" - This is about having inherent capacity, similar to sense 1 but more about inherent ability.

4. "having a strong healthy body" - examples: "an able seaman" - This is about physical fitness, not applicable here.

The sentence "will be able to spot" indicates that the tests will have the capability/means to perform the action of spotting. This matches sense 1 best - it's about having the necessary means or skill to do something, followed by "to" and an action.

Sense 3 could also fit, but sense 1 is more specifically about having the means or capability to do something, which is what "able to spot" means.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "individual" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible <t>individuals</t>, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a single organism

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "individual" is being used.

The sentence is: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Let me consider both senses:

1. "a human being" - examples: "there was too much for one person to do"
   - This refers to people/persons in general

2. "a single organism" - This is more biological/scientific in nature, referring to a single living thing

In the given sentence, the word "individuals" refers to people who are susceptible to cancer. The context is about genetic tests that will identify "cancer-susceptible individuals."

Looking at the context:
- Genetic tests are being used to identify individuals
- These are people who can be susceptible to cancer
- The diagnosis is for people

The use of "individuals" here refers to human beings or people. Even though it's in a scientific context about genetics, it's still referring to individual human beings/persons.

Sense 1 defines "individual" as "a human being" which fits perfectly in this context - the tests identify individual human beings who are susceptible to cancer.

Sense 2 defines it as "a single organism" which is more general and could apply to any organism.

Given the human context (cancer susceptibility in humans, predictive diagnosis for people), sense 1 (a human being) is the correct answer.

The answer is: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "believe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists <t>believe</t> is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists <t>believe</t> is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

The word "believe" is being used here to express what scientists think or regard something to be. Let me look at each sense:

1. "accept as true; take to be true" - This would mean accepting something as a fact, but here it's more about what scientists think/regard something as.

2. "judge or regard; look upon; judge" - This fits well. The scientists are judging or regarding what is described as "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." They're making a judgment about what something is.

3. "be confident about something" - This could fit somewhat, but it's more about confidence in something happening rather than making a judgment about what something is.

4. "follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer" - This is about religious belief, which doesn't apply here.

5. "credit with veracity" - This means to trust someone's truthfulness, which doesn't fit here.

The sentence structure is "scientists believe is a new age..." which is saying the scientists regard or judge this as "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis." This matches sense 2 best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a <t>new</t> age of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses of "new" to find the correct one.

Sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a <t>new</t> age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

In this context, "new age" refers to an era or period that is different from what existed before - a period characterized by predictive cancer diagnosis that hasn't been seen before or is innovative and different.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "not of long duration; having just come into being" - This could fit, but it's more about something that recently came into existence. The phrase "new age" suggests an era that is different and novel.

2. "original and of a kind not seen before" - This seems very fitting. The "new age of predictive cancer diagnosis" is being described as something original and of a kind not seen before.

3. "lacking training or experience" - Doesn't fit.

4. "having no previous example or precedent or parallel" - This also fits well, similar to sense 2.

5. "other than the former one(s); different" - This also fits the context.

6. "unaffected by use or exposure" - Doesn't fit.

7. "gratuitously new" - Doesn't fit.

8. "in use after medieval times" - Doesn't fit.

9. "used of a living language" - Doesn't fit.

10. "harvested at early stage" - Doesn't fit.

11. "unfamiliar" - Could fit.

The most appropriate sense appears to be sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" - because the text emphasizes that this is a completely new way of doing cancer diagnosis that represents something novel and unprecedented. This is the most precise fit given the context about this being an innovative development in medical science.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "age" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new <t>age</t> of predictive cancer diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age
2. definition=an era of history having some distinctive feature | examples=we live in a litigious age
3. definition=a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | examples=she was now of school age
4. definition=a prolonged period of time | examples=we've known each other for ages
5. definition=a late time of life | examples=old age is not for sissies

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "age":

Sentence: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new <t>age</t> of predictive cancer diagnosis."

The context is "a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis" - this is talking about a new era or period marked by a distinctive feature (predictive cancer diagnosis).

Let me check each sense:

1. "how long something has existed" - No, this doesn't fit. It's not about duration of existence.

2. "an era of history having some distinctive feature" - Yes! This fits perfectly. It's referring to a new era/age characterized by predictive cancer diagnosis capabilities. Similar to how we talk about "the space age" or "the information age."

3. "a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises" - No, this is about a person's age in years.

4. "a prolonged period of time" - This is somewhat similar to sense 2, but sense 2 is more specific - it's about an era with a distinctive feature. Sense 4 is just a prolonged period without that distinctive character.

5. "a late time of life" - No, this is about old age specifically.

The answer is definitely 2. The sentence uses "age" to mean "an era of history having some distinctive feature" - specifically, an era of predictive cancer diagnosis.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive <t>cancer</t> diagnosis.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "cancer" is being used.

The sentence is: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis."

Key context clues:
- "genetic tests"
- "cancer-susceptible individuals"
- "predictive cancer diagnosis"
- "scientists"

This is clearly talking about medical diagnosis and genetic predisposition to disease. The word "cancer" here refers to the disease (malignant tumor/growth), not anything related to astrology or zodiac signs.

Looking at the senses:
1. "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division" - This matches perfectly with the medical context
2. A person born under the Cancer zodiac sign - Not relevant
3. A constellation - Not relevant
4. A zodiac sign - Not relevant
5. Type genus of family Cancridae - This is a taxonomic classification, not relevant to the medical context

The correct answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the <t>first</t> beneficiaries of the new findings.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. definition=serving to set in motion | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue
4. definition=serving to begin | examples=the beginning canto of the poem
5. definition=ranking above all others | examples=was first in her class
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings."

In this context, "first" is describing which beneficiaries they are among. Let me consider each sense:

1. "preceding all others in time or space or degree" - This could work, as "first beneficiaries" could mean they came before others in time/degree. The example "the first house on the right" shows it's about order/sequence.

2. "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - This is about being the initial one in a sequence. "First beneficiaries" could mean they are the initial/beginning beneficiaries in a series of beneficiaries.

3. "serving to set in motion" - This seems to relate to starting something, like an inaugural issue. Not really applicable here.

4. "serving to begin" - Similar to 3, about beginning. Not really the right fit.

5. "ranking above all others" - This means being superior or best. "First in her class" means best. This doesn't fit because we're not saying Bill and Bonnie are the best beneficiaries.

6. "highest in pitch or chief among parts" - This is about music/hierarchy. Not applicable.

Between 1 and 2, the difference is subtle. Sense 1 is about "preceding all others in time or space or degree" with an example about physical location. Sense 2 is about "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - this is more specifically about being the initial member of a sequence.

"First beneficiaries" most naturally means they are among the initial/beginning beneficiaries - the ones who received benefits early on in the program. This is sense 2 - the beginning unit in a series of beneficiaries.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "beneficiary" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first <t>beneficiaries</t> of the new findings.

Senses:
1. definition=the recipient of funds or other benefits
2. definition=the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "beneficiary" is being used.

Sentence: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first <t>beneficiaries</t> of the new findings."

In this sentence, Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are described as beneficiaries of the new findings. They are receiving the benefits that come from the new findings.

Let me look at the two senses:

1. "the recipient of funds or other benefits" - This is a noun that describes a person who receives something beneficial (could be money or other benefits).

2. "the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" - This is a more grammatical/linguistic definition, referring to a semantic role in a clause with a verb.

In the sentence "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings," there's no action verb that would create a semantic role. Rather, we're simply describing Bill and Bonnie as people who will receive/benefit from the new findings.

This matches sense 1: "the recipient of funds or other benefits" - they are recipients of the benefits from the new findings.

Sense 2 is more about grammatical relationships in clauses with verbs (e.g., "The doctor prescribed medicine to the patient" - the patient would be the beneficiary in terms of semantic role).

The answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the <t>new</t> findings.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the <t>new</t> findings."

The word "new" is describing "findings" - research findings or discoveries.

Let me go through the senses:

1. "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" - This fits. The findings are recent/newly discovered. Example given: "a new law" - just made.

2. "original and of a kind not seen before" - This could fit somewhat, but the word "novel" in the definition suggests something more uniquely original.

3. "lacking training or experience" - This doesn't apply to findings.

4. "having no previous example or precedent or parallel" - This is stronger than what's implied - unexampled/unprecedented.

5. "other than the former one(s); different" - This doesn't seem to fit the context.

6. "unaffected by use or exposure" - This doesn't apply to findings.

7. "(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new" - This would imply newfangled, which doesn't seem to fit.

8. "in use after medieval times" - Doesn't apply.

9. "used of a living language..." - Doesn't apply.

10. "(of crops) harvested at an early stage..." - Doesn't apply.

11. "unfamiliar" - This could work, but "new findings" more directly means recently discovered.

The most natural reading is sense 1: the findings are newly discovered/recently made. This is the straightforward meaning of "new" in this context.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "finding" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new <t>findings</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | examples=the determination of molecular structures
2. definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new <t>findings</t>."

The word "findings" is being used here to refer to results or discoveries, likely from research or investigation. The Quillans are "beneficiaries of" these findings, meaning they benefit from the results or conclusions that have been made.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation" - This refers to the process of research or calculation itself, with an example of "determination of molecular structures"

2. "the decision of a court on issues of fact or law" - This is a legal term, and there's nothing in the sentence suggesting a legal/court context.

3. "something that is found" with example "the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner" - This refers to actual discovered things or results.

In the context of "the new findings," this is most commonly used in research or scientific contexts where "findings" refers to the results, conclusions, or discoveries that have been made.

Looking at sense 1, it's about "the act of determining" but the examples suggest this refers to research results.

Looking at sense 3, "something that is found" with the example showing findings as results/conclusions from an examination.

Given the context "among the first beneficiaries of the new findings," this seems to refer to research results or discoveries. Sense 1 seems most appropriate as it's about research and calculation results, though sense 3 could also work.

Actually, sense 1 seems to be about the process/act, while sense 3 is about the results. In "beneficiaries of the findings," we're talking about the results themselves, not the process. So sense 1 might be better, or... actually, sense 1 says "the act of determining" which is the process, not the findings themselves.
Sense 1 appears to be the best fit here—it captures research-based discoveries, which aligns with how "findings" is typically used in scientific contexts. While sense 3 also works as "something that is found," sense 1 more directly addresses the research results that would benefit the Quillans.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "couple" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., <t>couple</t> knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=a pair who associate with one another | examples=the engaged couple
2. definition=a pair of people who live together | examples=a married couple from Chicago
3. definition=a small indefinite number | examples=he's coming for a couple of days
4. definition=two items of the same kind
5. definition=(physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces that act along parallel lines

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "couple" in the sentence:

"The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987..."

The sentence is referring to two people from Dedham, Massachusetts. The context suggests these are two people who are together as a unit - they are married or in a committed relationship (as evidenced by the fact that they're discussing a child "of theirs" and talking about pregnancy).

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "a pair who associate with one another" - This could fit, but it's quite general
2. "a pair of people who live together" - This fits well. The sentence is talking about two people in what appears to be a domestic relationship
3. "a small indefinite number" - This doesn't fit. We're clearly talking about exactly two people, not "a couple of" meaning "a few"
4. "two items of the same kind" - This doesn't fit; these are people, and the usage is different
5. "(physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces" - This clearly doesn't fit

Between senses 1 and 2, sense 2 is more specific and appropriate. The couple here are people who live together (implied by the context of marriage/pregnancy), not just people who associate with one another. Sense 2 is the better fit.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple <t>knew</t> even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "know" is being used.

The sentence is: "The Dedham, Mass., couple <t>knew</t> even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."

The couple "knew" that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for the disease. They possessed knowledge or information about a fact - that there was a 50% chance their child would have this genetic condition.

Let me check each sense:

1. "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - This fits perfectly. They knew/were aware of the fact that their child had a 50% chance of having the disease.

2. "know how to do or perform something" - No, this is not about knowing how to do something.

3. "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" - Similar to 1, but emphasizes belief and faith. This could work, but 1 seems more precise.

4. "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - No, not about being acquainted with a person or object.

5. "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" - No, this is about knowing through experience.

6. "accept (someone) to be what is claimed" - No, doesn't fit.

7. "have fixed in the mind" - Could fit, but less precise than 1.

8. "have sexual intercourse with" - No, doesn't fit.
The remaining definitions about knowing character, distinguishing between things, or perceiving something as familiar don't apply here. The answer is clearly sense 1—the couple possessed factual knowledge about the genetic risk their child would face.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "even" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew <t>even</t> before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that
2. definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works
3. definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | examples=looked sick and felt even worse
4. definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and understand how "even" is being used:

"The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987..."

Here "even" is modifying the phrase "before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987."

The sentence is saying they knew this fact BEFORE she became pregnant - and the use of "even" emphasizes that they knew it at this point in time, which is somewhat surprising or notable because it was before she was even pregnant.

Let me check each definition:

1. "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected" - This could work. The "even" here is emphasizing something that might be somewhat unexpected - they knew this before pregnancy happened.

2. "in spite of; notwithstanding" - This would mean "despite before Bonnie became pregnant" which doesn't make grammatical sense in this context.

3. "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" - This would be for comparative statements, like "even worse" or "even more."

4. "to the full extent" - This doesn't fit here.

The word "even" is being used as an intensive to emphasize the earliness of their knowledge - they knew this fact even at such an early point (before pregnancy). This is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "before" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even <t>before</t> Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=earlier in time; previously | examples=I had known her before
2. definition=at or in the front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "before" in the given sentence:

"The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even <t>before</t> Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."

In this sentence, "before" is being used to indicate a point in time that is earlier or prior to another event. The couple knew about the risk "before" Bonnie became pregnant in 1987. This is clearly referring to time - something that happened earlier or previously.

Let me check the two senses provided:
1. "earlier in time; previously" - examples: "I had known her before"
2. "at or in the front" - examples: "I see the lights of a town ahead"

The sentence uses "before" to mean "earlier in time; previously" because the couple knew about this risk at a time earlier than when Bonnie became pregnant.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "become" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie <t>became</t> pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news
2. definition=undergo a change or development | examples=The water turned into ice
3. definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. definition=enhance the appearance of | examples=Mourning becomes Electra

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "became":

Sentence: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987..."

The sentence is saying that Bonnie entered or assumed a pregnant state/condition. She went from not being pregnant to being pregnant.

Let me check each sense:

1. "enter or assume a certain state or condition" - This fits perfectly. Becoming pregnant means entering the state of being pregnant.

2. "undergo a change or development" - While this could be somewhat related, it's more about transformation. The example "The water turned into ice" is about physical transformation. Being pregnant is more about entering a state.

3. "come into existence" - This doesn't fit. The example "What becomes has duration" seems abstract. The baby came into existence, not Bonnie becoming pregnant as an event of something coming into existence.

4. "enhance the appearance of" - This doesn't fit at all. Becoming pregnant doesn't enhance appearance in the way this sense implies.

The best match is sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" with the example "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news." Just as becoming annoyed means entering a state of being annoyed, becoming pregnant means entering the state of being pregnant.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "pregnant" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became <t>pregnant</t> in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
2. definition=rich in significance or implication | examples=a meaning look
3. definition=filled with or attended with | examples=words fraught with meaning

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and match it to the correct sense of "pregnant."

The sentence is: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became <t>pregnant</t> in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."

The context mentions:
- "Bonnie became pregnant in 1987"
- "any child of theirs had a 50% chance"
- Reference to eye cancer risk

This is clearly talking about Bonnie being in a state of carrying a developing fetus - she is going to have a baby.

Let me check the senses:

1. "carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life" - This matches perfectly. Bonnie became pregnant means she was carrying a developing fetus.

2. "rich in significance or implication | examples=a meaning look" - This is a figurative use meaning full of meaning or significance. This doesn't apply here.

3. "filled with or attended with | examples=words fraught with meaning" - This is also figurative, meaning full of or heavy with something. This doesn't apply here.

The correct sense is definitely 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "child" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any <t>child</t> of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=a young person of either sex | examples=she writes books for children
2. definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | examples=they had three children
3. definition=an immature childish person | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived
4. definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "child" is being used.

The sentence reads: "...that any <t>child</t> of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."

Let me consider each definition:

1. "a young person of either sex" - This would typically refer to someone who is young, like a small child.

2. "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - This refers to the biological relationship of being someone's son or daughter, regardless of their age.

3. "an immature childish person" - This refers to someone who acts childishly or immaturely.

4. "a member of a clan or tribe" - This refers to a person belonging to a group.

In the context of the sentence, "any child of theirs" is referring to offspring - biological children of the couple. The couple is worried about the 50% chance of risk for retinoblastoma. The word "child" here refers to their biological offspring (son or daughter).

This matches sense 2: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - because the text explicitly mentions "any child of theirs," which is describing their biological offspring.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "chance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% <t>chance</t> of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances | examples=the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington
2. definition=an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another | examples=bad luck caused his downfall
3. definition=a risk involving danger | examples=you take a chance when you let her drive
4. definition=a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible | examples=the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5
5. definition=the possibility of future success | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "chance":

The sentence states: "any child of theirs had a 50% <t>chance</t> of being at risk for retinoblastoma"

The context here is clearly mathematical/statistical. The phrase "50% chance" is expressing a probability - a specific numerical measure of how likely an event is to occur. The 50% is a concrete probability expressed as a percentage, which represents the ratio of favorable cases to total possible cases.

Let me go through each sense:

1. "a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances" - This is about opportunity. Not really fitting here since it's specifically mathematical.

2. "an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another" - This is about luck/randomness, but it's not specifically about probability measurement.

3. "a risk involving danger" - While there is danger (eye cancer), the sentence isn't emphasizing the risk aspect as much as the probability.

4. "a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible" - This perfectly matches the usage! The "50%" is explicitly a measure of probability, a ratio expressing likelihood.

5. "the possibility of future success" - This is about prospects/future success, which doesn't apply here.

The answer is clearly 4, as it's the only definition that specifically addresses a mathematical probability measurement, which is exactly what "50% chance" represents.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "eye" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an <t>eye</t> cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=the organ of sight
2. definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent
3. definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | examples=it is in the center of town
5. definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "eye" is being used:

"The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an <t>eye</t> cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."

The sentence is talking about "eye cancer" - specifically retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is indeed a cancer of the eye, the organ of sight.

Let me check each definition:

1. "the organ of sight" - This is what the sentence is referring to. The cancer affects the eye, the visual organ.
2. "good discernment (either visually or as if visually)" - Not applicable here
3. "attention to what is seen" - Not applicable here
4. "an area that is approximately central within some larger region" - Not applicable here
5. "a small hole or loop (as in a needle)" - Not applicable here

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye <t>cancer</t> that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "cancer" is being used.

The sentence says: "...an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."

The context makes it clear that "cancer" here refers to a medical condition - specifically a malignant tumor affecting the eye (retinoblastoma). The passage is discussing a genetic risk of developing this disease, not talking about astrology, zodiac signs, or biological genus classifications.

Looking at the definitions:
1. "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream" - This matches perfectly with the use of "eye cancer" in the sentence.

2. A person born while the sun is in Cancer (astrology) - Not relevant to the medical context

3. A zodiacal constellation - Not relevant to the medical context

4. The fourth sign of the zodiac - Not relevant to the medical context

5. Type genus of the family Cancridae (crabs) - Not relevant to the medical context

The answer is clearly 1.