[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future <t>cancer</t> treatment and prevention.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future <t>cancer</t> treatment and prevention."

The word "cancer" here is being used in the context of medical treatment and prevention. The sentence is discussing genetic understanding and strategies for treating cancer, which is clearly referring to the medical condition.

Let me look at the senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream - This is the medical definition
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer - This is an astrological sense referring to people
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini - This is the constellation
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 - This is the zodiac sign
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae - This is a biological genus (crabs)

The sentence is clearly talking about cancer treatment and prevention in a medical/health context, so sense 1 is correct.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "treatment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer <t>treatment</t> and prevention.

Senses:
1. definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)
2. definition=the management of someone or something | examples=the handling of prisoners
3. definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "treatment":

Sentence: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer <t>treatment</t> and prevention."

Looking at the context:
- It's talking about cancer treatment
- It's paired with "prevention"
- It mentions "strategies for future cancer treatment"
- The context is about medical/health care for cancer

Now let's look at each sense:

1. "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" - This fits perfectly. Cancer treatment refers to medical procedures intended to relieve/cure cancer.

2. "the management of someone or something | examples=the handling of prisoners" - This is more about how something/someone is managed or handled. While technically management could apply, it's not the primary meaning here.

3. "a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture" - This is about artistic treatment, which doesn't apply here.

4. "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic" - This is about a formal discussion or communication about a topic, which doesn't apply here.

The correct answer is 1, as "cancer treatment" clearly refers to medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "future" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: That is for the <t>future</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=the time yet to come
2. definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future
3. definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence "That is for the <t>future</t>." to determine which sense of "future" is being used.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "the time yet to come" - This is the general temporal sense, referring to the period of time that hasn't happened yet.

2. "a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future" - This would be referring to a grammatical concept. The sentence doesn't seem to be about grammar.

3. "bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date" - This is a financial/trading term referring to futures contracts. The sentence doesn't seem to be about financial trading.

In the sentence "That is for the future," the speaker is saying "That is for the time yet to come" - meaning it's postponed or meant to happen later. This is clearly referring to the general concept of time that hasn't happened yet.

The answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are <t>developing</t> tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather
2. definition=work out | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | examples=develop land
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch
11. definition=become technologically advanced | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | examples=Report the news as it develops
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
Looking at the sentence: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

In this context, "developing" means creating or making something new - specifically, the scientists are creating new tests. This is about making/creating a new product or thing (the tests).

Let me check sense 1: "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation" with example "Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather"

This matches perfectly. The scientists are developing (making/creating) new tests. This is about creating something new, which is exactly what sense 1 describes.

Let me verify against other relevant senses:
- Sense 2 (work out) - could fit but less precise
- Sense 7 (elaborate) - not quite right
- Sense 13 (generate gradually) - possible but less specific
- Sense 10 (grow, progress, unfold) - not the right meaning here

Sense 1 is the clearest fit - it's about making/creating new tests.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "base" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests <t>based</t> on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=use as a basis for; found on | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Already, scientists are developing tests <t>based</t> on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

The word "based" is used here in the phrase "based on the newly identified genes." This means the tests are founded on or use the newly identified genes as a foundation/basis.

Looking at the senses:
1. "use as a basis for; found on" with example "base a claim on some observation" - This matches! The tests are based on (founded on) the newly identified genes.
2. "situate as a center of operations" - This doesn't fit
3. "use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes" - This doesn't fit

The answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "identify" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly <t>identified</t> genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something | examples=She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
2. definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal
3. definition=consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else | examples=He identified with the refugees
4. definition=conceive of as united or associated | examples=Sex activity is closely identified with the hypothalamus
5. definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example
6. definition=consider to be equal or the same | examples=He identified his brother as one of the fugitives

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly <t>identified</t> genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

In this context, "identified" means that scientists have discovered/recognized genes (that were previously unknown or unnamed). They've established which genes are associated with cancer risk.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something" - This fits. Scientists have recognized/identified which genes are relevant to cancer prediction.

2. "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name" - This could also fit somewhat, as identifying genes often means naming them.

3. "consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else" - Doesn't fit.

4. "conceive of as united or associated" - This could fit if we think of identifying genes as linking them to cancer.

5. "identify as in botany or biology, for example" - This is the biological sense of identifying organisms or features.

6. "consider to be equal or the same" - Doesn't really fit.

The most natural sense here is #1 - "recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something." The scientists have recognized/identified which genes are responsible for or associated with cancer susceptibility.

Sense #5 could also work since this is a biology context, but #1 is more fundamental and directly applies.

I think the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the <t>first</t> time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. definition=serving to set in motion | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue
4. definition=serving to begin | examples=the beginning canto of the poem
5. definition=ranking above all others | examples=was first in her class
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the <t>first</t> time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

The phrase is "for the first time" - this is an idiom that means "at the beginning, initially, or preceding all other instances."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "preceding all others in time or space or degree" - This could fit. "For the first time" means something is happening before any other time it has happened. This relates to preceding all others in time.

2. "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - This could also fit somewhat, as "the first time" indicates the beginning unit in a series of times something could happen.

3. "serving to set in motion" - This doesn't fit well.

4. "serving to begin" - This could fit as "for the first time" indicates something is beginning.

5. "ranking above all others" - This doesn't fit.

6. "highest in pitch..." - This doesn't fit.

The most appropriate sense is #1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree" because "the first time" explicitly refers to something preceding all other instances in time. This is the most direct and natural interpretation of this phrase.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | examples=this time he succeeded
2. definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses
3. definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time
4. definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears
7. definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | examples=do you know what time it is?
8. definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
9. definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
10. definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

The phrase is "for the first time". This means "on this occasion" or "in this instance" - referring to an instance or single occasion when something is happening for the first time ever.

Let me check each sense:

1. "an instance or single occasion for some event" - examples: "this time he succeeded" - This fits perfectly. "For the first time" means this is the first instance/occasion when something can predict cancer in healthy individuals.

2. "a period of time considered as a resource" - No, this isn't about time as a resource.

3. "an indefinite period" - No, this isn't about an indefinite period.

4. "a suitable moment" - No, it's not about whether it's a suitable moment.

5. "the continuum of experience" - No, this isn't about the philosophical continuum.

6. "a person's experience on a particular occasion" - No, this isn't about personal experience.

7. "a reading of a point in time as given by a clock" - No, this isn't about clock time.

8. "the fourth coordinate for specifying a physical event" - No, this isn't about spatial-temporal coordinates.

9. "rhythm as given by division into parts" - No, this isn't about rhythm.

10. "the period a prisoner is imprisoned" - No, this isn't about imprisonment.

The answer is definitely 1 - "an instance or single occasion for some event". The phrase "for the first time" is a classic usage of this sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "otherwise" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an <t>otherwise</t> healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=in other respects or ways | examples=he is otherwise normal
2. definition=in another and different manner | examples=very soon you will know differently

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and understand how "otherwise" is being used:

"Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

In this context, "otherwise" is modifying "healthy individual." It's saying that the individual is healthy in all other respects (i.e., they don't have any apparent symptoms or other health issues that would suggest they have cancer), but the test can predict whether they will get cancer anyway.

Let me check the two senses:

1. "in other respects or ways" - example: "he is otherwise normal" - This means he is normal in other respects/ways. This seems to match our usage. "Otherwise healthy" means healthy in other respects or ways.

2. "in another and different manner" - This would mean "in a different manner," which doesn't fit the context of the sentence.

The first sense is clearly the correct one. "Otherwise healthy individual" means an individual who is healthy in other respects, or normal in other respects.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "healthy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise <t>healthy</t> individual is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby
2. definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | examples=a healthy diet
4. definition=exercising or showing good judgment | examples=healthy scepticism
5. definition=large in amount or extent or degree | examples=it cost a considerable amount

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence reads: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise <t>healthy</t> individual is likely to get cancer."

In this context, "healthy" is describing an individual (person) who is free from disease or infirmity - they don't currently have cancer or any apparent health condition.

Let me check each sense:

1. "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease" - This fits perfectly. An "otherwise healthy individual" means someone who appears to be in good health and free from disease.

2. "financially secure and functioning well" - This doesn't apply to describing a person's physical/medical state in this context.

3. "promoting health; healthful" - This doesn't fit. The individual isn't promoting health; they are described as being in a healthy state.

4. "exercising or showing good judgment" - This doesn't apply to the context.

5. "large in amount or extent or degree" - This doesn't apply to the context.

The correct sense is 1 - it describes a person who is free from infirmity or disease.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "individual" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy <t>individual</t> is likely to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a single organism

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "individual" is being used.

The sentence reads: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy <t>individual</t> is likely to get cancer."

In this context, "individual" refers to a human being or person - specifically a single human being who might be at risk for cancer based on their genes.

Let me check the two definitions:
1. "a human being" - with the example "there was too much for one person to do"
2. "a single organism"

The word "individual" in the sentence is clearly referring to a human being/person. The sentence is about predicting whether a person might get cancer.

While technically a human being is also "a single organism," the first definition specifically defines it as "a human being," which is the more precise and accurate match for how the word is used in this sentence.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "likely" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is <t>likely</t> to get cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long
2. definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | examples=a likely result
3. definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | examples=potential clients
4. definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the use of "likely" in the sentence:

"Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is <t>likely</t> to get cancer."

The sentence is saying that the tests can predict whether a healthy person has a good chance of getting cancer in the future.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about" - This fits. The sentence is saying the individual has a good chance of getting cancer.

2. "likely but not certain to be or become true or real" - This is similar to sense 1, describing something probable but not certain.

3. "expected to become or be; in prospect" - This refers to something being potential or in the future.

4. "within the realm of credibility" - This means something is believable or plausible.

In the context of the sentence, "likely to get cancer" means "has a good chance of getting cancer" - which best matches sense 1.

Sense 1 explicitly includes the example "these services are likely to be available to us all before long" which has the same structure and meaning as our sentence.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "get" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to <t>get</t> cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle
2. definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news
3. definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | examples=He got his squad on the ball
4. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
5. definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock
6. definition=go or come after and bring or take back | examples=Get me those books over there, please
7. definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | examples=get an idea
8. definition=take vengeance on or get even | examples=We'll get them!
9. definition=achieve a point or goal | examples=Nicklaus had a 70
10. definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR
11. definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | examples=We finally got the suspect
12. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | examples=He grew a beard
13. definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | examples=He got AIDS
14. definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary
15. definition=give certain properties to something | examples=get someone mad
16. definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | examples=What are you driving at?
17. definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | examples=did you catch that allusion?
18. definition=attract and fix | examples=His look caught her
19. definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head
20. definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone
22. definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. definition=perceive by hearing | examples=I didn't catch your name
24. definition=suffer from the receipt of | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | examples=Scram!
27. definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. definition=irritate | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me
29. definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings
31. definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus
33. definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | examples=This beats me!
34. definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | examples=We began working at dawn
35. definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident
36. definition=make children | examples=Abraham begot Isaac

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

In this context, "get" means to become afflicted with or to be stricken by an illness. The sentence is talking about whether a healthy person is likely to develop or contract cancer.

Looking at the senses provided:
- Sense 13: "be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | examples: He got AIDS"

This is clearly the correct sense. The sentence is saying someone is likely to be stricken by or contract cancer, which is exactly what sense 13 describes.

The answer is 13.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get <t>cancer</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence is: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

This is clearly referring to a disease - a malignant growth or tumor. Scientists are developing tests to predict whether someone will develop this disease.

Looking at the senses:
1. Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - THIS MATCHES. This is the medical/disease definition.
2. A person born while the sun is in Cancer (astrology) - No, doesn't fit
3. A constellation - No, doesn't fit
4. The fourth sign of the zodiac - No, doesn't fit
5. Type genus of the family Cancridae (biological taxonomy) - No, doesn't fit

The correct answer is clearly sense 1, which refers to the disease itself.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "set" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books
2. definition=(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols | examples=the set of prime numbers is infinite
3. definition=several exercises intended to be done in series | examples=he did four sets of the incline bench press
4. definition=representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production | examples=the sets were meticulously authentic
5. definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | examples=the smart set goes there
6. definition=a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way | examples=the set of his mind was obvious
7. definition=the act of putting something in position | examples=he gave a final set to his hat
8. definition=a unit of play in tennis or squash | examples=they played two sets of tennis after dinner
9. definition=the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization | examples=the hardening of concrete
10. definition=evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris
11. definition=the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon | examples=before the set of sun
12. definition=(psychology) being temporarily ready to respond in a particular way | examples=the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution
13. definition=any electronic equipment that receives or transmits radio or tv signals | examples=the early sets ran on storage batteries

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

The word "set" here is being used to refer to a collection or group of discoveries. The phrase is "a set of discoveries" which means a collection of discoveries that belong together.

Looking at the senses:
1. "a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books" - This matches! A set of discoveries is a group of things (discoveries) of the same kind that belong together.

Let me check the other options to be sure:
2. Mathematics - doesn't fit
3. Exercises - doesn't fit
4. Scenery/theater - doesn't fit
5. Unofficial association - doesn't fit
6. Inclination to react - doesn't fit
7. Act of putting in position - doesn't fit
8. Tennis/squash unit - doesn't fit
9. Process of hardening - doesn't fit
10. Egyptian god - doesn't fit
11. Descent of heavenly body - doesn't fit
12. Psychology ready to respond - doesn't fit
13. Electronic equipment - doesn't fit

The answer is clearly 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "discovery" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of discovering something
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "discovery" is being used.

The sentence is: "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

The researcher has found a gene that is pivotal to colon cancer. The "discoveries" refers to the things that were discovered - the genes and findings about colon cancer.

Let me look at each sense:
1. "the act of discovering something" - This would refer to the process of discovering, not what was discovered
2. "something that is discovered" - This refers to the actual things that were found/discovered (the genes, the findings)
3. "a productive insight" - This could apply, as findings about colon cancer genes would be productive insights
4. "(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure..." - This is clearly not applicable as there's no legal context

The most straightforward interpretation is sense 2 - "something that is discovered" - because the researcher "has just found a gene" and these findings are referred to as "discoveries." The discoveries are the things discovered (the genes, the scientific findings).

However, sense 3 "a productive insight" could also apply since scientific discoveries are indeed productive insights.

Between 2 and 3, sense 2 is more literal and direct - the discoveries are the actual things discovered (the genes and their role in colon cancer), not just the insights themselves.

I believe the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "<t>says</t> Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

In this context, "says" is being used as an attribution verb - it's introducing what someone has said or expressed. Bert Vogelstein is expressing/stating the opinion that the discoveries are super-exciting.

Let me go through the senses:

1. "express in words" - This seems to be the basic definition of saying something. The example is "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is about expressing a thought or statement in words.

2. "report or maintain" - This is more about reporting facts or asserting something as true. Example: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"

3. "express a supposition" - This is about hypothetical statements. Example: "Let us say that he did not tell the truth"

4. "have or contain a certain wording or form" - This is about what something contains or how it's written. Example: "The passage reads as follows"

5. "give instructions" - This is about commanding. Example: "I said to him to go home"

6. "speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way" - This is about how something is pronounced. Example: "She pronounces French words in a funny way"

7. "communicate or express nonverbally" - This is about non-verbal communication. Example: "What does this painting say?"

8. "utter aloud" - This is about speaking something out loud. Example: "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office"

9. "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - This is about expressing an opinion. Example: "I say let's forget this whole business"

10. "recite or repeat a fixed text" - This is about repeating memorized text. Example: "Say grace"
11. "indicate" - This is about showing or pointing out. Example: "The clock says noon"

The most fitting senses here are 1 and 9. Sense 9 particularly matches the example "I say let's forget this whole business," which similarly expresses a judgment about something. The sentence uses "says" in its most fundamental role—simply introducing Vogelstein's quoted statement about the discoveries.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."

The context is that a researcher has discovered a gene. The word "found" here means that the researcher has discovered or determined the existence of a gene.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" - This is possible but doesn't capture the scientific discovery aspect.

2. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - This seems very fitting. The researcher determined the existence of a gene.

3. "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" - This could work, but it emphasizes searching for something that was lost, which doesn't quite fit.

4. "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - This could also work, as the researcher likely did an investigation/experiment to find the gene.

8. "make a discovery, make a new finding" - This seems very appropriate for a scientific discovery context.

9. "make a discovery" - Similar to 8.

The sentence emphasizes that this is "a super-exciting set of discoveries" and the researcher "has just found a gene." The use of "discoveries" in the sentence and the context of scientific research suggests that sense 8 or 9 would be most appropriate.

However, looking more carefully:
- Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - This directly describes what the researcher did - determine the existence of a gene.
- Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" - This is also about discovery.
- Sense 9: "make a discovery" - Same as 8 essentially.

I think sense 2 or 8 are most appropriate. Given the scientific context and that it's explicitly called "discoveries," sense 8 seems most precise for this usage.
Sense 2 actually captures the core action most directly—the researcher determined that a gene exists. While sense 8 emphasizes the discovery aspect, sense 2 is the most accurate fit for what occurred.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "only" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "<t>Only</t> a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

I need to determine which sense of "only" is being used here.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "and nothing more" - "merely" - This would mean "A decade ago, merely, cancer was a black box..." That doesn't seem right.

2. "without any others being included or involved" - "entirely" - This doesn't fit well with the sentence structure.

3. "with nevertheless the final result" - "He arrived only to find his wife dead" - This has the structure "only to..." which is not present here.

4. "in the final outcome" - "These news will only make you more upset" - This means "will end up making" or "will ultimately make". This doesn't fit.

5. "except that" - "It was the same story; only this time she came out better" - This is a contrasting sense. Doesn't fit.

6. "never except when" - "call me only if your cold gets worse" - This is about conditions. Doesn't fit.

7. "as recently as" - "I spoke to him only an hour ago" - This is about time, meaning "no more recently than" or "not before".

In the sentence "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box..." - the "only" here means "as recently as a decade ago" or "no more than a decade ago" or "just a decade ago". This is talking about how not long ago (only a decade) we knew nothing about cancer at the molecular level.

This matches sense 7: "as recently as" - similar to the example "I spoke to him only an hour ago" which means it was just/recently an hour ago.

The answer is 7.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "decade" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a <t>decade</t> ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of 10 years
2. definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

In this sentence, "decade" refers to a period of 10 years. The phrase "a decade ago" means "10 years ago."

Looking at the two senses:
1. a period of 10 years
2. the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

Sense 1 is the correct one being used here. The word "decade" is being used to describe a time period, not as a number itself.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago <t>cancer</t> was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "cancer" is being used.

The sentence is: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

The context here is:
- "a decade ago" - referring to a time in the past
- "a black box about which we knew nothing" - something not well understood
- "at the molecular level" - scientific/medical context

This is clearly referring to the disease cancer, specifically in a scientific/medical context discussing our understanding of cancer at the molecular level. This is talking about the malignant growth/tumor disease.

Let me check each sense:
1. "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division" - YES, this matches. It's talking about cancer as a disease.
2. "a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer" - NO, this is an astrological sense for a person, not the disease
3. "a small zodiacal constellation" - NO, this is astronomical
4. "the fourth sign of the zodiac" - NO, this is astrological
5. "type genus of the family Cancridae" - NO, this is biological taxonomy

The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we <t>knew</t> nothing at the molecular level.

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we <t>knew</t> nothing at the molecular level."

The sentence is saying that we had no knowledge or information about cancer at the molecular level a decade ago. The word "knew" here means to be cognizant or aware of, to possess knowledge or information about something.

Let me check each sense:

1. "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - This fits perfectly. We "knew nothing" means we possessed no knowledge or information about cancer at the molecular level.

2. "know how to do or perform something" - No, this is about ability/skill.

3. "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something" - This is more about belief/faith, not just possession of information.

4. "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - No, this is about familiarity with persons/objects.

5. "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" - This could potentially fit, but it emphasizes firsthand experience.

6. "accept (someone) to be what is claimed" - No, doesn't fit.

7. "have fixed in the mind" - This is similar to sense 1, about having knowledge.

8. "have sexual intercourse with" - No.

9. "know the nature or character of" - No, we're not talking about knowing the character of cancer.

10. "be able to distinguish, recognize as being different" - No, not about distinction.

11. "perceive as familiar" - No, not about familiarity.

The best answer is sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - because "we knew nothing" clearly means we had no knowledge or information about cancer at the molecular level.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "molecular" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the <t>molecular</t> level.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules | examples=molecular structure
2. definition=relating to simple or elementary organization; --G.A. Miller | examples=proceed by more and more detailed analysis to the molecular facts of perception

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the <t>molecular</t> level."

Let me analyze both senses:

1. "relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules" - This sense refers to things that have to do with molecules themselves. The example "molecular structure" shows structure made up of molecules.

2. "relating to simple or elementary organization" - This is a more general, abstract sense about something being broken down into simple or elementary components. The example mentions "molecular facts of perception" referring to elementary/basic facts.

In the sentence, "at the molecular level" is referring to the level of molecules - understanding cancer at the level of molecules and their interactions. This is clearly about molecules themselves, not about simple/elementary organization in a general sense.

The answer should be sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "level" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular <t>level</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence
2. definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness
4. definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level
5. definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid
6. definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | examples=park the car on the level
7. definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels
8. definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | examples=what level is the office on?

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

The phrase "at the molecular level" is describing a position or degree in a scale - specifically, it's referring to the molecular aspect or domain of understanding.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - This could fit as it's about a position on some scale (the scale being from macro to molecular understanding)

2. "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" - This is about value in a graded group, not quite right

3. "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - This fits well! The molecular level is a specific identifiable position in the continuum of scales (from atomic to cosmic, or from molecular to cellular to organism level)

4. "height above ground" - Not about height

5. "indicator that establishes the horizontal" - Not relevant

6. "a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line" - Not about a surface

7. "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" - This could work - molecular level as an abstract conceptual domain

8. "a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale" - Not about rooms

The best fit seems to be sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - the molecular level is a specific identifiable position in the scale/continuum of different levels of analysis.

Actually, sense 1 also fits well - it's about "a position on a scale" and molecular level is indeed a position on the scale of analytical perspectives.

Let me reconsider. Sense 3 emphasizes "position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" while sense 1 is "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality."

The molecular level is best described as a specific position in a continuum/series of analytical scales.

Sense 3 captures this most precisely—it's the position within a continuum of analytical frameworks rather than just a point on a simple scale.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "today" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Today</t>, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today
2. definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

I need to determine which sense of "today" is being used:

Sense 1: "the present time or age" | examples: "the world of today"
Sense 2: "the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)" | examples: "Today is beautiful"

In the sentence, "Today, we know that..." is referring to the present time period or the current era - it's saying that in our current time/age, we have this knowledge. This is not referring to the specific calendar day of the present moment, but rather to the present time or age in general.

This matches Sense 1: "the present time or age"

The sentence is saying "In the present time/age, we know that..." rather than "On this particular day, we know that..."

So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we <t>know</t> that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | examples=I know that the President lied to the people
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | examples=I know the feeling!
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Today, we <t>know</t> that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

The sentence is saying that we are aware of/possess knowledge about the fact that the accumulation of altered genes can initiate cancer. This is about being cognizant or aware of a fact or having knowledge/information about something.

Let me check each sense:

1. "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - This matches! The example is "I know that the President lied to the people" which has the same structure: "know that [fact/information]"

2. "know how to do or perform something" - No, this is about skills

3. "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" - This could potentially fit, but sense 1 is more precise since the sentence is about possessing information about a fact

4. "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - No

5. "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" - No

6. "accept (someone) to be what is claimed" - No

7. "have fixed in the mind" - No

8. "have sexual intercourse with" - No

9. "know the nature or character of" - No

10. "be able to distinguish, recognize as being different" - No

11. "perceive as familiar" - No

The answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "accumulation" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the <t>accumulation</t> of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=an increase by natural growth or addition
2. definition=several things grouped together or considered as a whole
3. definition=the act of accumulating
4. definition=(finance) profits that are not paid out as dividends but are added to the capital base of the corporation

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "accumulation" is being used:

"Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "an increase by natural growth or addition" - This could fit, as genes are being added/increased to create the accumulation
2. "several things grouped together or considered as a whole" - This could fit, as we're talking about several altered genes grouped together
3. "the act of accumulating" - This refers to the process of accumulating
4. "(finance) profits that are not paid out as dividends..." - This is clearly not relevant to the biological/medical context

Looking at the sentence more carefully:
- "accumulation of several of these altered genes" - the phrase emphasizes that multiple altered genes are present/grouped together
- The context is biological, not financial, so sense 4 is out
- The sentence is talking about genes that have collected or been added up over time to cause cancer

Sense 1 ("an increase by natural growth or addition") describes the process of things growing or being added.
Sense 3 ("the act of accumulating") also describes the process.

Actually, looking at sense 2 again: "several things grouped together or considered as a whole" - this seems to fit perfectly because the sentence is referring to "the accumulation of several of these altered genes" - treating them as a collection/group.

I think sense 2 or sense 1 could work, but sense 1 "an increase by natural growth or addition" seems most appropriate because it's about genes being added/increasing over time to cause cancer.

Actually, re-reading: sense 1 is about the result (an increase), while sense 3 is about the process (the act). The sentence seems to be referring to the thing itself - the accumulated collection - which would be closer to sense 2 or sense 1.
Sense 1 best captures what's happening here—the buildup of altered genes over time that triggers cancer development.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "altered" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these <t>altered</t> genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=changed in form or character without becoming something else; ; ; - Charles Dickens | examples=the altered policy promised success
2. definition=having testicles or ovaries removed
3. definition=changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose | examples=seeds precisely adapted to the area

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the three senses of "altered":

The sentence is: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

Context: This is about genes that have been changed/modified in a way that contributes to cancer development.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "changed in form or character without becoming something else" - This refers to a modification or change while the thing remains fundamentally the same. In the context of genes, "altered genes" would mean genes that have been changed in their form/character (their genetic sequence or function) without ceasing to be genes. This seems like a good fit.

2. "having testicles or ovaries removed" - This is a medical/biological term referring to sterilization or castration. This doesn't make sense in the context of genes.

3. "changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose" - This suggests the change was made intentionally to improve something or make it more suitable. In the cancer context, the genes have been altered, but not necessarily to improve them or make them more fit - quite the opposite, these alterations cause cancer. So this doesn't seem like the right sense.

The correct answer should be sense 1, as it describes a change in form or character (the genetic sequence or function has changed) without the genes becoming something else (they're still genes, just altered ones). This is the most natural interpretation in the biological context.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "initiate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can <t>initiate</t> a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=bring into being | examples=He initiated a new program
2. definition=take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of | examples=This South African surgeon pioneered heart transplants
3. definition=accept people into an exclusive society or group, usually with some rite | examples=African men are initiated when they reach puberty
4. definition=bring up a topic for discussion
5. definition=set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for | examples=Hitler's attack on Poland led up to World War II

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can <t>initiate</t> a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

The word "initiate" here means to start or begin a cancer. Let me match this with the definitions:

1. "bring into being" - This could work. If genes initiate cancer, they bring cancer into being.
2. "take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of" - This doesn't fit well in this context.
3. "accept people into an exclusive society or group, usually with some rite" - This is clearly not about genes and cancer.
4. "bring up a topic for discussion" - This doesn't fit.
5. "set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for" - This fits very well. The altered genes set cancer in motion or start it.

Both 1 and 5 seem possible, but let me think more carefully:
- Sense 1: "bring into being" - suggests creating or establishing something
- Sense 5: "set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for" - suggests starting something

In the context of cancer, the genes are starting/initiating the cancer process. Sense 5 with the example "Hitler's attack on Poland led up to World War II" seems most appropriate as it's about starting a process or event. The genes initiate (start/set in motion) the development of cancer.

Actually, I think sense 1 "bring into being" could also work, but sense 5 "set in motion, start an event" seems more precise since cancer is an ongoing process/event rather than just something being brought into existence.

I'll go with sense 5.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a <t>cancer</t> and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "cancer" is being used.

The sentence is: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

The context is clearly about genes, altered genes, cell division issues, and something that can become deadly. This is discussing a medical/biological condition.

Let me look at each sense:

1. A malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - This fits perfectly with the context about altered genes causing cell division problems and something deadly.

2. A person born while the sun is in Cancer - This doesn't fit at all. The sentence isn't about a person or zodiac signs.

3. A small zodiacal constellation - Not related to the medical context.

4. The fourth sign of the zodiac - Not related to the medical context.

5. Type genus of the family Cancridae (crabs) - Not related to the medical context.

The sentence is clearly using sense 1, which refers to the medical/biological condition of malignant growth or tumor.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "then" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, <t>then</t>, propel it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | examples=then he left
2. definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?
3. definition=at that time | examples=I was young then

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "then" in the sentence:

"Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, <t>then</t>, propel it into a deadly state."

The sentence is describing a sequence of events:
1. First, altered genes accumulate and initiate cancer
2. Then, the cancer is propelled into a deadly state

The word "then" here is used to show that one event happens after another - it shows the sequence of what happens after the cancer is initiated. It means "subsequently" or "next" or "after that."

Let me check each sense:
1. "subsequently or soon afterward" - YES, this fits. The cancer is initiated and then (subsequently) it is propelled into a deadly state.
2. "in that case or as a consequence" - This is about logical consequence, but the sentence is more about temporal sequence.
3. "at that time" - This is referring to a specific point in time, which doesn't fit here.

The correct answer is sense 1 - "subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)"


[User]
Which numbered sense of "propel" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, <t>propel</t> it into a deadly state. "

Senses:
1. definition=cause to move forward with force | examples=Steam propels this ship
2. definition=give an incentive for action | examples=This moved me to sacrifice my career

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the two senses provided:

Sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, <t>propel</t> it into a deadly state."

Sense 1: "cause to move forward with force" - example: "Steam propels this ship"
Sense 2: "give an incentive for action" - example: "This moved me to sacrifice my career"

In the context of the sentence, "propel it into a deadly state" is being used metaphorically. The altered genes are not physically moving the cancer forward with force. Rather, they are driving it or pushing it toward becoming deadly.

This is more aligned with Sense 2 - "give an incentive for action" - which means to drive or motivate something toward a particular state or condition. The genes are giving the cancer an impetus to progress into a deadly state.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 2 says "give an incentive for action" which is about motivation. In the sentence, the genes are propelling the cancer into a deadly state - this is more about driving it forward in a metaphorical sense.

Sense 1 is "cause to move forward with force" - this could work metaphorically. The genes cause the cancer to move forward (progress) toward a deadly state with force.

I think Sense 1 is the correct one here, as "propel" is being used metaphorically to mean "drive forward" or "cause to progress."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "deadly" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a <t>deadly</t> state. "

Senses:
1. definition=causing or capable of causing death | examples=a fatal accident
2. definition=of an instrument of certain death | examples=deadly poisons
3. definition=extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom | examples=venomous snakes
4. definition=involving loss of divine grace or spiritual death | examples=the seven deadly sins
5. definition=exceedingly harmful
6. definition=(of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

The context is about cancer becoming dangerous or fatal. Let me look at each sense:

1. "causing or capable of causing death" - This fits well. Cancer is deadly in that it can cause death.

2. "of an instrument of certain death" - This doesn't fit. Cancer isn't an "instrument" of death.

3. "extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom" - This is about poison/venom, which doesn't apply to cancer in this context.

4. "involving loss of divine grace or spiritual death" - This is a religious/spiritual meaning, not applicable here.

5. "exceedingly harmful" - This could fit, as cancer is very harmful.

6. "(of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect" - This specifically refers to diseases with rapid and violent effects.

The most appropriate sense is #1 "causing or capable of causing death" because the sentence is talking about cancer progressing to a state where it causes death. It's the most straightforward and common usage of "deadly" in this medical context.

Sense #6 is also possible since cancer is a disease, but sense #1 is more directly appropriate as it's the core meaning being used.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly <t>state</t>. "

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | examples=the state has elected a new president
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | examples=he returned to the land of his birth
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state."

The word "state" here refers to the condition or situation of cancer - it's describing how the cancer is or what condition it's in (a "deadly state"). This is about the way something is with respect to its main attributes or characteristics.

Looking at the senses:
1. Territory of administrative district - No
2. The way something is with respect to its main attributes - YES, this fits
3. Group of people comprising government - No
4. Politically organized body - No
5. Chemistry/states of matter - No
6. A state of depression or agitation - This could fit somewhat, but it's more about mood/emotional state
7. Territory occupied by a nation - No
8. US Department of State - No

The best fit is sense 2: "the way something is with respect to its main attributes" because the sentence is describing the condition or state that cancer is in.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "call" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists <t>call</t> the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | examples=I tried to call you all night
4. definition=utter a sudden loud cry | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle
5. definition=order, request, or command to come | examples=She was called into the director's office
6. definition=pay a brief visit | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'
8. definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!
10. definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'
13. definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. definition=demand payment of (a loan) | examples=Call a loan
15. definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | examples=He called his trump
16. definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance
17. definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty
25. definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name
26. definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes."

In this sentence, "call" means to assign a name or designation to something. The scientists are naming or designating the new class of genes as "tumor-suppressors" or "anti-cancer genes."

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" - This is about assigning a proper name, like naming a person. The example is "They named their son David." This is close but seems more about proper names.

2. "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" - This is about calling someone something that reflects a quality, like "He called me a bastard." This could fit, but it's more about ascribing a quality through a name.

27. "consider or regard as being" - This is about considering something to be a certain way. Example: "I would not call her beautiful." This fits the idea of regarding or treating something as being something.

Looking at the sentence more carefully: "Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors" - this is saying that scientists designate/name this class of genes as tumor-suppressors.

This matches sense 27 best - "consider or regard as being" - because they are regarding/considering these genes to be tumor-suppressors. The example "I would not call her beautiful" uses "call" in exactly this way - to consider or regard as being.

So the answer is 27.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the <t>new</t> class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Scientists call the <t>new</t> class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes."

In this context, "new" is being used to describe a class of genes that has recently been discovered or identified. The genes were not previously known to exist as a distinct class.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" - This seems to fit. The class of genes has recently been discovered/identified.

2. "original and of a kind not seen before" - This could also fit, as this class of genes represents something novel.

3. "lacking training or experience" - No, doesn't fit.

4. "having no previous example or precedent or parallel" - This could fit, but it's very extreme.

5. "other than the former one(s); different" - Could fit somewhat, but not the best.

6. "unaffected by use or exposure" - No.

7. "(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new" - No.

8. "in use after medieval times" - No.

9. "used of a living language; being the current stage in its development" - No.

10. "(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development" - No.

11. "unfamiliar" - This could fit as well.

The best fit seems to be sense 1, which emphasizes the recent discovery of this class of genes. The key word is "recently come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" - the class of genes has recently been discovered/identified by scientists.

Sense 2 is also plausible (original and of a kind not seen before), but sense 1 seems more directly applicable because it explicitly mentions "discovered" and emphasizes the recent nature of this discovery.

I'll go with sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "class" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the new <t>class</t> of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | examples=there are two classes of detergents
2. definition=a body of students who are taught together | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
3. definition=people having the same social, economic, or educational status | examples=the working class
4. definition=education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings | examples=he took a course in basket weaving
5. definition=a league ranked by quality | examples=he played baseball in class D for two years
6. definition=a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97
7. definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
8. definition=elegance in dress or behavior | examples=she has a lot of class

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Scientists call the new <t>class</t> of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes."

In this context, "class" is referring to a grouping or category of genes that share a common characteristic (being tumor-suppressors). Scientists are categorizing different genes into a group based on their shared function.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a collection of things sharing a common attribute" - This fits! The sentence is talking about a class (collection) of genes that share the common attribute of being tumor-suppressors.

2. "a body of students who are taught together" - No, this is not about students.

3. "people having the same social, economic, or educational status" - No, this is not about social classes.

4. "education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings" - No, this is not about education/lessons.

5. "a league ranked by quality" - No, not about rankings or leagues.

6. "a body of students who graduate together" - No, this is not about graduating students.

7. "(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders" - This could also fit, as it's a biological taxonomy context. However, the definition here is about a taxonomic rank (specifically between orders and phyla). In the sentence, "class" seems to be used more generally to mean a category or group of genes, not necessarily at the specific taxonomic rank level.

8. "elegance in dress or behavior" - No, this is not about elegance.

Between 1 and 7, sense 1 seems more appropriate because the sentence is simply referring to a grouping of genes with shared characteristics, using "class" in its general sense of "a collection of things sharing a common attribute" rather than as a specific biological taxonomic rank.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "simply" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or <t>simply</t> anti-cancer genes.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=absolutely | examples=I just can't take it anymore
3. definition=absolutely; altogether; really | examples=we are simply broke
4. definition=in a simple manner; without extravagance or embellishment | examples=she was dressed plainly

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the use of "simply" in the sentence:

"Scientists call the new class of genes tumor-suppressors, or simply anti-cancer genes."

In this context, "simply" is being used to introduce an alternative, simpler name or way of referring to something. It means "and nothing more" or "in other words" - it's indicating that "anti-cancer genes" is another term for the same thing, a more direct or simpler way of expressing the concept.

Let me check each sense:

1. "and nothing more" - This fits. The sentence is saying these genes are called tumor-suppressors, or simply (meaning "and nothing more" / "in other words") anti-cancer genes. This is an alternative, simpler way of expressing the same thing.

2. "absolutely" - This doesn't fit well in context.

3. "absolutely; altogether; really" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't using "simply" to mean "absolutely" or "really."

4. "in a simple manner; without extravagance or embellishment" - This could potentially fit if we think about "simply" describing the manner in which they're calling it that (plainly, without embellishment), but sense 1 is more appropriate.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "function" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When <t>functioning</t> normally, they make proteins that hold a cell's growth in check.

Senses:
1. definition=perform as expected when applied | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in
2. definition=serve a purpose, role, or function | examples=The tree stump serves as a table
3. definition=perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function | examples=His wife officiated as his private secretary

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "When functioning normally, they make proteins that hold a cell's growth in check."

The word "functioning" here is being used to describe something that is operating or working as it should. Let me check each sense:

1. "perform as expected when applied" - This is about something performing as expected when put to use. The sentence says "when functioning normally" which does seem to fit this - something that works/performs as expected when working normally.

2. "serve a purpose, role, or function" - This is about serving in a particular purpose or role. The sentence doesn't really indicate that the cells/proteins are serving as something specific or in a particular role.

3. "perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function" - This is about performing specific duties attached to an office or position. The sentence doesn't mention any office or duties attached to a position.

The most appropriate sense is #1 - "perform as expected when applied." The sentence is talking about cells functioning normally, which means they are performing/operating as expected. This is the core meaning of how "functioning" is being used here.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hold" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When functioning normally, they make proteins that <t>hold</t> a cell's growth in check.

Senses:
1. definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | examples=keep clean
2. definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please
3. definition=organize or be responsible for | examples=hold a reception
4. definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank
5. definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | examples=take for granted
6. definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | examples=bear a grudge
7. definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains
8. definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit
9. definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | examples=She bears the title of Duchess
10. definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | examples=The beam holds up the roof
11. definition=contain or hold; have within | examples=The jar carries wine
12. definition=have room for; hold without crowding | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests
13. definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held
14. definition=support or hold in a certain manner | examples=She holds her head high
15. definition=be valid, applicable, or true | examples=This theory still holds
16. definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
17. definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises
18. definition=be capable of holding or containing | examples=This box won't take all the items
19. definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight
20. definition=protect against a challenge or attack | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!
21. definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | examples=He's held by a contract
22. definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience
23. definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
24. definition=resist or confront with resistance | examples=The politician defied public opinion
25. definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | examples=The same laws apply to you!
26. definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
27. definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | examples=moderate your alcohol intake
28. definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi
29. definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
30. definition=cause to stop | examples=Halt the engines
31. definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate
32. definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | examples=He can hold his liquor
33. definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
34. definition=declare to be | examples=She was declared incompetent
35. definition=be in accord; be in agreement | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement
36. definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "When functioning normally, they make proteins that <t>hold</t> a cell's growth in check."

The context is about proteins preventing or restraining a cell's growth - keeping it from growing too much. The proteins are limiting or controlling the cell's growth.

Let me look at the definitions:

1. "keep in a certain state, position, or activity" - This could fit, as holding growth in check means keeping it in a restrained state.

7. "to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement" - This seems very fitting. The proteins "hold back" or limit the cell's growth.

27. "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits" - This also fits well - holding growth in check means keeping it within limits.

The phrase "hold in check" specifically means to keep under control or limit. This most directly aligns with definition 27, which explicitly mentions "hold or keep within limits" and "hold in restraint."

Definition 7 is also close with "limit or hold back from movement," but 27 seems more precise since it includes "hold or keep within limits" and the example doesn't use "in check."

Actually, looking more carefully, definition 1 says "keep in a certain state, position, or activity" - this could mean keeping growth restrained/limited.

But definition 27 explicitly says "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits" which perfectly captures "hold in check."

I think 27 is the best answer.