[User]
Which numbered sense of "overall" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the <t>overall</t> cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Senses:
1. definition=involving only main features | examples=the overall pattern of his life
2. definition=including everything | examples=the overall cost

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the two senses provided:

The sentence uses "overall cost" - let me understand the context:
"Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the <t>overall</t> cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."

The word "overall" here is describing "cost" - and it's referring to the total/complete cost, including all aspects and all legislators' actions. It's not just the main features, but the comprehensive, total cost.

Let me compare the two senses:
1. "involving only main features" - example: "the overall pattern of his life" - this suggests the main outline or general pattern
2. "including everything" - example: "the overall cost" - this is explicitly about the total cost including all components

The sentence is talking about the complete/total cost associated with all legislators' actions. This matches sense 2: "including everything" with the example "the overall cost" which is the exact same phrase used in the sentence.

The answer is 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "cost" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall <t>cost</t> associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Senses:
1. definition=the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
2. definition=the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold) | examples=the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver
3. definition=value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something | examples=the cost in human life was enormous

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "cost" is being used.

The sentence states: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."

Here, "cost" refers to the negative consequences or burden associated with every legislator providing benefits to their own constituency. It's not about monetary expense specifically, but rather the overall burden or sacrifice involved - the consequences or what must be given up/foregone to achieve something.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor" - This is a literal monetary or resource expenditure. While the sentence mentions costs broadly, it's not specifically about spending on goods or services.

2. "the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)" - This is about the intrinsic or monetary value of something. This doesn't fit the context.

3. "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" - This is about the sacrifice, burden, or consequence of obtaining something. In this context, the "cost" is the burden or consequence that comes from all legislators doing what benefits their own constituencies - the overall burden to the system or society.

Sense 3 is the best fit because it captures the idea that there is a burden or consequence (what must be "undergone") associated with the collective action of legislators benefiting their own constituencies.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every <t>other</t> legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence: "...but not the overall cost associated with every <t>other</t> legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."

The word "other" is used here to mean "every other legislator" - meaning all the different/remaining legislators besides the one being discussed.

Let me check each sense:

1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - This fits! The sentence is talking about the constituents appreciating benefits for their legislator, but not the costs for every OTHER legislator (meaning the different, remaining legislators not yet mentioned/the ones distinct from their own). This is the classic meaning of "other" as in "the other one" or "all the others."

2. "recently past" - This would be like "the other day" or "the other evening." The example given is "the other evening" which is a temporal use. This doesn't fit our sentence.

3. "belonging to the distant past" - This is about ancient history. Doesn't fit.

4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" - This would mean the legislators are very unusual or strange. This doesn't fit the context.

The correct answer is sense 1. The word "other" means "different from the one mentioned; the remaining ones" - every legislator other than the individual one being discussed.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "do" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator <t>doing</t> likewise for his own constituency.

Senses:
1. definition=engage in | examples=make love, not war
2. definition=carry out or perform an action | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters
3. definition=get (something) done | examples=I did my job
4. definition=proceed or get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?
5. definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | examples=cause a commotion
6. definition=carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions | examples=practice law
7. definition=be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity | examples=A few words would answer
8. definition=create or design, often in a certain way | examples=Do my room in blue
9. definition=behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself | examples=You should act like an adult
10. definition=spend time in prison or in a labor camp | examples=He did six years for embezzlement
11. definition=carry on or function | examples=We could do with a little more help around here
12. definition=arrange attractively | examples=dress my hair for the wedding
13. definition=travel or traverse (a distance) | examples=This car does 150 miles per hour

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the word "doing" in context:

"Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator <t>doing</t> likewise for his own constituency."

The word "doing" here means that each legislator is "performing" or "carrying out" the action of winning benefits for their own constituency, just as the legislator in question does.

Let me look at the senses:

1. engage in - make love, not war
2. carry out or perform an action - John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters
3. get (something) done - I did my job
4. proceed or get along - How is she doing in her new job?
5. give rise to; cause to happen - cause a commotion
6. carry out or practice (jobs and professions) - practice law
7. be sufficient - A few words would answer
8. create or design - Do my room in blue
9. behave in a certain manner - You should act like an adult
10. spend time in prison - He did six years for embezzlement
11. carry on or function - We could do with a little more help
12. arrange attractively - dress my hair for the wedding
13. travel or traverse - This car does 150 miles per hour

In the sentence, "doing likewise" means "performing the same action" or "carrying out the same practice." This fits best with sense 2 "carry out or perform an action" or sense 6 "carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions."

Actually, "doing likewise for his own constituency" means each legislator is performing/carrying out the action of winning benefits for their constituents. This is sense 2 - "carry out or perform an action."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "suggest" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory <t>suggests</t> why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Senses:
1. definition=make a proposal, declare a plan for something | examples=the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax
2. definition=drop a hint; intimate by a hint
3. definition=imply as a possibility | examples=The evidence suggests a need for more clarification
4. definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases
5. definition=call to mind | examples=this remark evoked sadness

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Third, the theory <t>suggests</t> why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."

In this context, "suggests" means that the theory indicates or points to why legislators have lower security in office. It's explaining or implying a reason or cause.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "make a proposal, declare a plan for something" - The theory is not proposing something, so this doesn't fit.

2. "drop a hint; intimate by a hint" - While "suggest" can mean this in everyday language, this seems like a weaker meaning. The theory is more directly indicating/pointing to a reason.

3. "imply as a possibility" - This fits well. The theory implies or indicates why legislators have lower security. The example "The evidence suggests a need for more clarification" is very similar in structure to our sentence - evidence/theory suggests something.

4. "suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine" - This is clearly medical terminology, not applicable here.

5. "call to mind" - This is more about bringing something to memory/thought, not about indicating a causal relationship.

The best fit is sense 3: "imply as a possibility". The theory is implying or indicating why something is the case. This matches the example structure perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "national" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to <t>national</t> policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Senses:
1. definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero
2. definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests
3. definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government
4. definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. definition=inside the country | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior
6. definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."

The word "national" is used to describe "policy making" - specifically "national policy making."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" - This is very broad and could apply
2. "limited to or in the interests of a particular nation" - This could work, suggesting policy making for a nation
3. "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" - This fits well - national policy making would be policy making that applies to the entire country
4. "owned or maintained for the public by the national government" - This doesn't fit, as we're not talking about something owned/maintained
5. "inside the country" - This could mean domestic policy, but the phrasing is more about the scope than location
6. "characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation" - This doesn't fit
7. "of or relating to nationality" - This doesn't fit

The context contrasts "national policy making" with "local benefit-seeking" - so the national policy making is policy that affects/applies to the entire nation, as opposed to local/regional interests.

Sense 3 seems like the best fit: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" - national policy making is policy making that is concerned with and applicable to the entire nation.

Actually, sense 2 could also work, but sense 3 seems more specific and accurate given the contrast with "local."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "policy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national <t>policy</t> making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Senses:
1. definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution
2. definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "policy" is being used:

"Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."

In this sentence, "policy" is used in the context of "national policy making" and is being contrasted with "local benefit-seeking." The legislators are paying attention to national policy making.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" - This refers to a specific plan of action. In the sentence, "policy making" could refer to the process of creating plans of action for the nation.

2. "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - This is about the reasoning/argument behind government actions.

3. "written contract or certificate of insurance" - This is clearly not relevant here.

In the context of "national policy making," the word "policy" is referring to governmental plans or courses of action. The legislators are paying attention to the national government's plans/actions (policy making).

The first sense - "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" - seems most appropriate. The government (a social group) adopts policies/plans of action. The phrase "policy making" refers to the process of creating these plans.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "making" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy <t>making</t> relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Senses:
1. definition=the act that results in something coming to be | examples=the devising of plans
2. definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent
3. definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence is: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy <t>making</t> relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the act that results in something coming to be | examples=the devising of plans" - This refers to the act or process of making something. "Policy making" would be "the act of making policy" or "the process of creating policy."

2. "an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent" - This is about qualifications or fitness for something. This doesn't seem to apply here.

3. "(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake" - This is about the components or ingredients. This doesn't apply here either.

In the context of "national policy making," the word "making" refers to the act or process of making policy. This is sense 1: "the act that results in something coming to be" with examples like "the devising of plans."

"Policy making" = the act of making/devising policies.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "relative" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making <t>relative</t> to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Senses:
1. definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | examples=a relative stranger
2. definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the two definitions provided.

Sentence: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making <t>relative</t> to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."

In this sentence, "relative to" means "in comparison to" or "as compared to." The phrase "relative to local benefit-seeking" is comparing national policy making to local benefit-seeking.

Let me check the definitions:

1. "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete" - examples: "a relative stranger"
   - This sense talks about something not being absolute or complete, something that is estimated by comparison.

2. "properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to'" - examples: "the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime"
   - This sense refers to something being related or proportional to something else, and notes it's "usually followed by `to'".

In the sentence, "relative to" is being used to compare or relate national policy making to local benefit-seeking. The phrase "relative to" means "in comparison to" or "as compared to."

Looking at sense 2, it says "properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to'". This matches the usage in the sentence, where we're relating/comparing national policy making to local benefit-seeking using "relative to."

So the answer should be 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "local" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to <t>local</t> benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes
2. definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs
3. definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "local" is being used:

"Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."

The context here is comparing "national policy making" with "local benefit-seeking". The sentence is discussing how legislators are allocating their attention between national-level policies and local-level benefit-seeking.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area" - This definition focuses on administrative governance at a city/town/district level (as opposed to a larger area like a state or nation). In the context of "local benefit-seeking," this would mean seeking benefits for a city, town, or district level rather than national level.

2. "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" - This definition is more about the characteristics of a place, not specifically about administrative governance.

3. "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body" - This is clearly about medical/anatomical contexts and doesn't apply here.

In the sentence, "local" is being contrasted with "national" in the context of political attention and benefit-seeking. This strongly suggests sense 1, which contrasts "local" (city/town/district administration) with larger areas (implicitly, national administration).

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "have" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking <t>have</t> lower security in office.

Senses:
1. definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank
2. definition=have as a feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | examples=get an idea
4. definition=have ownership or possession of | examples=He owns three houses in Florida
5. definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | examples=He got his squad on the ball
6. definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!
7. definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc
8. definition=organize or be responsible for | examples=hold a reception
9. definition=have left | examples=I have two years left
10. definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?
11. definition=undergo | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR
14. definition=receive willingly something given or offered | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter
15. definition=get something; come into possession of | examples=receive payment
16. definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident
17. definition=achieve a point or goal | examples=Nicklaus had a 70
18. definition=cause to be born | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. definition=have sex with; archaic use | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence carefully:

"Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."

In this sentence, "have" is used to mean that legislators possess or experience a state of "lower security in office." This is describing something that the legislators possess or experience.

Let me look at the different senses:

1. "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" - This seems most appropriate. The legislators "have lower security" - meaning they possess or are in a state of lower security.

2. "have as a feature" - This doesn't quite fit.

3. "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" - This could work, but it's not the primary meaning here.

4. "have ownership or possession of" - This is similar to 1, but more concrete.

5. "cause to move" - Doesn't fit.

6. "serve oneself to" - Doesn't fit.

7. "have a personal or business relationship" - Doesn't fit.

8. "organize or be responsible for" - Doesn't fit.

9. "have left" - Doesn't fit.

10. "be confronted with" - Doesn't fit.

11. "undergo" - Could work, legislators undergo a state of lower security.

12. "suffer from; be ill with" - Doesn't fit exactly.

13. "cause to do" - Doesn't fit.

14. "receive willingly" - Doesn't fit.

15. "get something; come into possession of" - Could fit.

16. "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" - Doesn't fit.

17. "achieve a point or goal" - Doesn't fit.

18. "cause to be born" - Doesn't fit.

19. "have sex with" - Doesn't fit.
The first definition works best here—legislators "have lower security" in the abstract sense, meaning they possess or find themselves in this diminished state of office security.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "office" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in <t>office</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. definition=an administrative unit of government | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency
3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | examples=the function of a teacher
4. definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage
5. definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. definition=a job in an organization | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "office" is being used:

"Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in <t>office</t>."

The phrase is "security in office" - this is referring to the state of holding a position of power or authority. When someone has "security in office," it means they have stability in their position as an elected official or government representative.

Let me check each sense:

1. Place of business - No, this doesn't fit. "Security in office" isn't about a physical location.

2. An administrative unit of government - No, this doesn't match.

3. The actions and activities assigned to a person or group - No, this is about functions/duties.

4. (Of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power - YES. This fits perfectly. "Security in office" means security in holding power/position. The example given is "being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage" which is very similar to the usage in the sentence.

5. Professional or clerical workers - No, this doesn't fit.

6. A religious rite or service - No, this doesn't fit.

7. A job in an organization - This could potentially fit, but sense 4 is more specific and accurate. Legislators don't just have "jobs" - they hold political office, which refers to being in power.

The best answer is 4, which specifically addresses the idea of holding power/being in a position of authority, which is exactly what "security in office" means.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "member" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For example, first-term - term <t>members</t> of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | examples=only members will be admitted
2. definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia
3. definition=an external body part that projects from the body | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association
5. definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "For example, first-term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat."

The word "members" here refers to people who are part of the House (U.S. House of Representatives). These are individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization (the House).

Let me check each sense:

1. "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)" - This matches! Members of the House are individuals who have joined and participate in the group organization that is the House of Representatives.

2. "anything that belongs to a set or class" - This is too general and doesn't fit the context of people.

3. "an external body part that projects from the body" - No, this doesn't fit at all.

4. "an organization that is a member of another organization" - No, members of the House are people, not organizations.

5. "the male organ of copulation" - Definitely not appropriate here.

The correct answer is sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "vulnerable" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most <t>vulnerable</t> of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=susceptible to attack | examples=a vulnerable bridge
2. definition=susceptible to criticism or persuasion or temptation | examples=vulnerable to bribery
3. definition=capable of being wounded or hurt | examples=vulnerable parts of the body

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the context in which "vulnerable" is used.

The sentence states: "For example, first-term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat."

The context is about political incumbents (people holding office in the House). The sentence is saying that first-term members were once "the most vulnerable of incumbents" but have now become "virtually immune to defeat."

"Vulnerable of incumbents" in this political context means they were susceptible to being defeated in elections - they were at risk or exposed to the possibility of losing their political position.

Let me check each sense:

1. "susceptible to attack" - This could apply as being exposed to electoral challenge/attack
2. "susceptible to criticism or persuasion or temptation" - This is about being vulnerable to influence
3. "capable of being wounded or hurt" - This is more literal/physical

The key phrase is "immune to defeat" which is contrasted with being "vulnerable." This suggests vulnerability means being susceptible to something happening (in this case, losing an election).

Sense 1 ("susceptible to attack") seems most appropriate here, as the context of political incumbents being vulnerable to electoral defeat is about being susceptible to attack from political opponents. The example "a vulnerable bridge" refers to something exposed to attack.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Susceptible to attack" could mean physically attacked. But in the political context, it means exposed to being defeated/challenged - which is a form of "attack" in a broader sense.

I think sense 1 is the best fit because incumbents being "vulnerable" means they are susceptible to being challenged/attacked politically and possibly defeated.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "become" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have <t>become</t> virtually immune to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news
2. definition=undergo a change or development | examples=The water turned into ice
3. definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. definition=enhance the appearance of | examples=Mourning becomes Electra

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "For example, first-term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat."

The word "become" here is used to mean that first-term members have changed into a state where they are "virtually immune to defeat." They used to be "the most vulnerable of incumbents" but have now changed into being immune to defeat.

Let me check each sense:

1. "enter or assume a certain state or condition" - This fits well. They have entered/assumed the condition of being virtually immune to defeat. The example "He became annoyed" shows someone entering/assuming an annoyed state.

2. "undergo a change or development" - This also could fit, as they have undergone a change from being vulnerable to being immune. However, the example given "The water turned into ice" seems to describe this sense better, and that's about a physical transformation.

3. "come into existence" - This doesn't fit. They didn't come into existence; they changed their status.

4. "enhance the appearance of" - This doesn't fit at all. Nothing to do with appearance here.

The most appropriate sense is #1 - "enter or assume a certain state or condition" because the members have entered/assumed the condition of being virtually immune to defeat. This is very similar to the example "He became annoyed" where someone assumes an annoyed state.

Actually, sense 2 could also work, but sense 1 seems more precise and direct for this usage.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "immune" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually <t>immune</t> to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to the condition of immunity | examples=the immune system
2. definition=secure against | examples=immune from taxation as long as he resided in Bermuda
3. definition=relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)
4. definition=(usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence | examples=immune to persuasion

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "For example, first-term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat."

The sentence is saying that first-term members of the House have become virtually immune to defeat - meaning they are not affected by or protected from defeat.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "relating to the condition of immunity" - This is about the immune system in a biological sense. The sentence isn't talking about biological immunity.

2. "secure against" - This could fit. They are secure against defeat. This seems plausible.

3. "relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)" - This is specifically about disease/infection, which doesn't fit the context.

4. "(usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence" - This is followed by "to defeat" and means not affected by defeat. This fits perfectly.

Looking at sense 2 vs sense 4:
- Sense 2: "secure against" with example "immune from taxation"
- Sense 4: "not affected by a given influence" with example "immune to persuasion"

The sentence uses "immune to defeat" which parallels the structure of sense 4 "immune to persuasion" (both using "to"). Sense 2 uses "from" in the example.

Sense 4 is the best fit because it uses the "to" preposition and the meaning of "not affected by" aligns with the sentence meaning that they cannot be defeated.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "defeat" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to <t>defeat</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | examples=it was a narrow defeat
2. definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "defeat" is being used.

The sentence is: "For example, first-term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to <t>defeat</t>."

The context here is about members of Congress (the House) and how they have become "immune to defeat." This is clearly talking about election outcomes - whether they lose their elections or not.

Let's examine each sense:

1. "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" - This would refer to losing an election, which is an unsuccessful ending to an electoral contest/struggle.

2. "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals" - This would refer to the emotional feeling of being defeated, not the actual defeat itself.

In the sentence, "immune to defeat" means they are protected from losing their elections, not protected from feeling defeated. It's talking about the actual outcome (losing an election), not the emotional response.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct answer.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "exception" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one <t>exception</t> to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=a deliberate act of omission | examples=with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news
2. definition=an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization | examples=all her children were brilliant; the only exception was her last child
3. definition=grounds for adverse criticism | examples=his authority is beyond exception

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "exception" is being used.

The sentence is: "The one <t>exception</t> to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a deliberate act of omission" - with example "with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news" - This means excluding or leaving something out. The example shows "exception" meaning "excluding/omitting."

2. "an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization" - with example "all her children were brilliant; the only exception was her last child" - This means something that is different from the general rule or pattern. The example shows one child being different from the general pattern that all children were brilliant.

3. "grounds for adverse criticism" - with example "his authority is beyond exception" - This means something that can be criticized or objected to.

In the given sentence, "The one exception to this recent trend" refers to something that does not conform to the recent trend. The defeat of these Republicans is presented as something that goes against what has been the recent trend. This is clearly sense 2 - an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "trend" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent <t>trend</t> was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current
2. definition=general line of orientation | examples=the river takes a southern course
3. definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book
4. definition=the popular taste at a given time | examples=leather is the latest vogue

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this sentence to determine which sense of "trend" is being used:

"The one exception to this recent <t>trend</t> was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

The sentence is discussing a general tendency or pattern - it's referring to a widespread pattern of behavior or outcome (in this case, presumably that freshman Republicans were being re-elected successfully). The "trend" here is being used to refer to this general pattern or tendency.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a general direction in which something tends to move" - This is about physical movement or direction, like a current. Not quite right.

2. "general line of orientation" - This is similar to #1, focused on direction/course. Not quite right.

3. "a general tendency to change (as of opinion)" - This refers to a general tendency or pattern of change. This seems to fit well with how "trend" is used in the sentence - referring to a general pattern or tendency in the political/electoral landscape.

4. "the popular taste at a given time" - This is about fashion or style. Not relevant here.

The sentence is talking about a general pattern/tendency in electoral outcomes (the trend of freshman Republicans being re-elected), so sense #3 "a general tendency to change (as of opinion)" best captures this usage, where "trend" refers to a general tendency or pattern in the political sphere.

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "defeat" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent trend was the <t>defeat</t> of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | examples=it was a narrow defeat
2. definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "defeat" is being used.

The sentence reads: "The one exception to this recent trend was the <t>defeat</t> of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

In this context, the sentence is talking about 13 freshman Republicans who were "running for re-election in 1982" and they experienced a "defeat." This is referring to the fact that these Republicans lost their re-election bids in 1982.

So the word "defeat" here means they lost/were unsuccessful in the election. This is clearly referring to "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" - specifically, they lost the contest (the 1982 election).

Sense 1 definition: "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" - This matches perfectly. The 13 Republicans experienced defeat (loss) in their re-election campaign.

Sense 2 definition: "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals" - This would be the emotional/psychological aspect, but the sentence is not talking about the feeling itself, but rather the actual event of losing.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "freshman" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 <t>freshman</t> Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=a first-year undergraduate
2. definition=any new participant in some activity

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "freshman" in the sentence provided.

The sentence reads: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

Here, "freshman Republicans" refers to Republicans who were newly elected or brought into office in 1980. They are not undergraduate students - they are politicians/members of government who are new to their position.

Let me check the two senses:
1. "a first-year undergraduate" - This doesn't fit. These are not college students.
2. "any new participant in some activity" - This fits perfectly. These are politicians who are new to office/the political position.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman <t>Republicans</t> brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas

reasoning_content:
The sentence is talking about "Republicans" who were "brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

This is clearly referring to members of the Republican Party (the US political party), not:
- An advocate of a republic in opposition to monarchy
- A tributary of the Kansas River

So the answer is sense 1: "a member of the Republican Party"


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bring" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans <t>brought</t> into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | examples=Bring me the box from the other room
2. definition=cause to come into a particular state or condition | examples=Long hard years of on the job training had brought them to their competence
3. definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | examples=I cannot work a miracle
4. definition=go or come after and bring or take back | examples=Get me those books over there, please
5. definition=bring into a different state | examples=this may land you in jail
6. definition=be accompanied by | examples=Can I bring my cousin to the dinner?
7. definition=advance or set forth in court; , | examples=bring charges
8. definition=bestow a quality on | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company
9. definition=be sold for a certain price | examples=The painting brought $10,000
10. definition=attract the attention of | examples=The noise and the screaming brought the curious
11. definition=induce or persuade | examples=The confession of one of the accused brought the others to admit to the crime as well

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand how "brought" is used:

"The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

In this sentence, "brought" describes what happened to the freshman Republicans - they were "brought into office" in 1980.

The phrase "brought into office" means they were "caused to come into a particular state or condition" - specifically, the state of being in office.

Let me check each sense:
1. "take something or somebody with oneself somewhere" - No, it's not about physically taking them somewhere
2. "cause to come into a particular state or condition" - Yes! "brought into office" means they were caused to come into the state/condition of being in office
3. "cause to happen or to occur as a consequence" - This is about causing an event
4. "go or come after and bring or take back" - No
5. "bring into a different state" - This could work, but it's more specific than sense 2
6. "be accompanied by" - No
7. "advance or set forth in court" - No
8. "bestow a quality on" - No
9. "be sold for a certain price" - No
10. "attract the attention of" - No
11. "induce or persuade" - No

The correct answer is sense 2: "cause to come into a particular state or condition" - the Republicans were brought into (caused to enter) the state/condition of being in office.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "office" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into <t>office</t> in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. definition=an administrative unit of government | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency
3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | examples=the function of a teacher
4. definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage
5. definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. definition=a job in an organization | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and each sense of "office":

Sentence: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into <t>office</t> in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

The context is about freshman Republicans who were "brought into office" in 1980 and running for re-election in 1982. This is clearly referring to political positions - these are politicians who were elected to office (positions of power in government) and are now seeking re-election.

Let me check each sense:

1. "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed" - No, this is about a physical location. The sentence is not about a physical office.

2. "an administrative unit of government" - No, this is about an organizational unit like the CIA, not about the position itself.

3. "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" - No, this is about duties/functions.

4. "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power" - YES! This fits perfectly. "Brought into office" means these politicians were elected/brought into power in 1980. This is the correct sense.

5. "professional or clerical workers in an office" - No, this is about people, not the position.

6. "a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities" - No, not religious.

7. "a job in an organization" - This could potentially fit, but sense 4 is more specific and accurate for political context.

The answer is 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "revolution" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan <t>revolution</t> and running for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving | examples=the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
2. definition=the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
3. definition=a single complete turn (axial or orbital) | examples=the plane made three rotations before it crashed

reasoning_content:
The sentence is talking about the "Reagan revolution" - which refers to Ronald Reagan's election and the significant political and ideological changes that occurred during his administration and political movement.

Let me look at the three senses:

1. "a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving" - This fits perfectly. The Reagan revolution was indeed a significant shift in political thinking, economic policy, and governing philosophy.

2. "the overthrow of a government by those who are governed" - This doesn't fit. The Reagan revolution didn't involve overthrowing a government; Reagan was elected through democratic means.

3. "a single complete turn (axial or orbital)" - This is clearly not about physical rotation, so this doesn't apply.

The correct sense is #1, which describes a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving - which is exactly what the Reagan revolution represented politically and ideologically.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "run" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and <t>running</t> for re-election in 1982.

Senses:
1. definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath
2. definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | examples=If you see this man, run!
3. definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury
4. definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. definition=have a particular form | examples=the story or argument runs as follows
6. definition=move along, of liquids | examples=Water flowed into the cave
7. definition=perform as expected when applied | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in
8. definition=change or be different within limits | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion
9. definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again
11. definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?
12. definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures
13. definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok
15. definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject
16. definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature
17. definition=continue to exist | examples=These stories die hard
18. definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | examples=Run the dishwasher
20. definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | examples=We ran the ad three times
21. definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. definition=pass over, across, or through | examples=He ran his eyes over her body
23. definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. definition=make without a miss
25. definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor
26. definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. definition=be diffused | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. definition=sail before the wind
29. definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. definition=set animals loose to graze
32. definition=keep company | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!
35. definition=travel a route regularly | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland
37. definition=compete in a race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year
38. definition=progress by being changed | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts
39. definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | examples=melt butter
40. definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | examples=Her nylons were running
41. definition=become undone | examples=the sweater unraveled

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and <t>running</t> for re-election in 1982."

The word "running" here is used in the context of these Republican freshmen "running for re-election" - meaning they are competing or standing as candidates in an election.

Looking at the senses provided:
- Sense 9: "run, stand, or compete for an office or a position" with example "Who's running for treasurer this year?"

This is clearly the correct sense. The phrase "running for re-election" means competing in an election for office, which matches sense 9 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "freshman" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these <t>freshmen</t> placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=a first-year undergraduate
2. definition=any new participant in some activity

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "freshman" is being used.

Sentence: "Because these <t>freshmen</t> placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

The context clues are:
- "their partisan role" - they have a political role
- "spreading the Reagan revolution" - this is about political ideology
- "in national policy making" - they're involved in making national policy
- "vulnerable to defeat" - suggests they're politicians who can lose elections

This is clearly referring to freshmen members of Congress or the House of Representatives (freshmen who were newly elected to Congress and were supporting Reagan's policies). They are not first-year undergraduate students.

Sense 1 = "a first-year undergraduate" - This would be a student in their first year of college
Sense 2 = "any new participant in some activity" - This fits the usage here, where freshmen refers to newly elected members of Congress participating in national policy making

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "place" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen <t>placed</t> far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | examples=Put your things here
2. definition=place somebody in a particular situation or location | examples=he was placed on probation
3. definition=assign a rank or rating to | examples=how would you rank these students?
4. definition=assign a location to | examples=The company located some of their agents in Los Angeles
5. definition=to arrange for | examples=place a phone call
6. definition=take a place in a competition; often followed by an ordinal | examples=Jerry came in third in the Marathon
7. definition=intend (something) to move towards a certain goal | examples=He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face
8. definition=recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something | examples=She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
9. definition=assign to (a job or a home)
10. definition=locate | examples=The film is set in Africa
11. definition=estimate | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
12. definition=identify the location or place of | examples=We localized the source of the infection
13. definition=make an investment | examples=Put money into bonds
14. definition=assign to a station
15. definition=finish second or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to place
16. definition=sing a note with the correct pitch

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

The word "placed" here means they put or assigned emphasis on their partisan role. Let me look at the senses:

1. put into a certain place or abstract location - This could fit. "Placed emphasis" means to put emphasis somewhere.
2. place somebody in a particular situation or location - Not quite right
3. assign a rank or rating to - Not right
4. assign a location to - Not right
5. to arrange for - Not right
6. take a place in a competition - Not right
7. intend something to move towards a certain goal - Not right
8. recognize as being - Not right
9. assign to (a job or a home) - Not right
10. locate - Not right
11. estimate - Not right
12. identify the location or place of - Not right
13. make an investment - Not right
14. assign to a station - Not right
15. finish second or better in a horse or dog race - Not right
16. sing a note with the correct pitch - Not right

The best fit is sense 1: "put into a certain place or abstract location" - they placed (put) emphasis on their role. This is using "place" in the abstract sense of putting or positioning something.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "emphasis" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen placed far more <t>emphasis</t> on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=special importance or significance | examples=the red light gave the central figure increased emphasis
2. definition=intensity or forcefulness of expression | examples=the vehemence of his denial
3. definition=special and significant stress by means of position or repetition e.g.
4. definition=the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch) | examples=he put the stress on the wrong syllable

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "emphasis" to find which one is being used.

The sentence is: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "special importance or significance" - This could fit. The sentence is saying the freshmen placed more importance/significance on their partisan role.

2. "intensity or forcefulness of expression" - This is about how forcefully something is expressed. The sentence doesn't seem to be about forceful expression of something.

3. "special and significant stress by means of position or repetition" - This is about highlighting something through its position or repetition. The sentence doesn't seem to be using this meaning.

4. "the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note" - This is a phonetic/musical term. The sentence is not about pronunciation or music.

Looking at the sentence more carefully: "placed far more emphasis on their partisan role" means they gave more importance, more weight, more focus to their partisan role. This is clearly about the special importance or significance given to something.

Sense 1 is the best fit: "special importance or significance" - and the example "the red light gave the central figure increased emphasis" shows how something is given special importance or prominence, which matches the usage in the sentence.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "role" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan <t>role</t> -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | examples=the function of a teacher
2. definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. definition=what something is used for | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes
4. definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "role" is being used:

"Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan <t>role</t> -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

The sentence is talking about the "role" of freshmen in the context of national policy making. The dash clarifies that this role involves "spreading the Reagan revolution."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" - This fits well with the context. The freshmen have a role (partisan role) that involves spreading the Reagan revolution.

2. "an actor's portrayal of someone in a play" - This is clearly not it, as we're not talking about theatrical performance.

3. "what something is used for" - This is about function of objects/tools, not about people's roles in society.

4. "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting" - This is close, but the emphasis seems more on what is "assigned, required, or expected" rather than just normal/customary activity in a social setting.

The most appropriate sense is #1, which defines role as "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" with the example "the function of a teacher." The freshmen are being assigned/expected to play a partisan role in spreading the Reagan revolution.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "spread" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- <t>spreading</t> the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=distribute or disperse widely | examples=The invaders spread their language all over the country
2. definition=become distributed or widespread | examples=the infection spread
3. definition=spread across or over | examples=A big oil spot spread across the water
4. definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | examples=open the map
5. definition=cause to become widely known | examples=spread information
6. definition=become widely known and passed on | examples=the rumor spread
7. definition=strew or distribute over an area | examples=He spread fertilizer over the lawn
8. definition=move outward | examples=The soldiers fanned out
9. definition=cover by spreading something over | examples=spread the bread with cheese
10. definition=distribute over a surface in a layer | examples=spread cheese on a piece of bread

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand how "spreading" is being used:

"Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

In this context, "spreading the Reagan revolution" means to cause the Reagan revolution to become widely known and adopted across the nation. The freshmen are trying to disseminate or propagate the Reagan revolution as part of their partisan role.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. distribute or disperse widely - This could apply, but it's more about physical distribution
2. become distributed or widespread - This is passive/intransitive
3. spread across or over - Not really applicable here
4. spread out or open from closed/folded state - Not applicable
5. cause to become widely known - This seems very applicable! "spreading the Reagan revolution" means causing it to become widely known
6. become widely known and passed on - This is passive/intransitive
7. strew or distribute over an area - More about physical distribution
8. move outward - Not really applicable
9. cover by spreading something over - Not applicable
10. distribute over a surface in a layer - Not applicable

The sentence uses "spreading" transitively with "the Reagan revolution" as the object. The freshmen are actively "spreading" (causing to become widely known) the Reagan revolution.

Sense 5 "cause to become widely known" with the example "spread information" fits perfectly. "Spreading the Reagan revolution" is similar to "spreading information" - both are about causing ideas/information to become widely known.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "revolution" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan <t>revolution</t> -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving | examples=the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
2. definition=the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
3. definition=a single complete turn (axial or orbital) | examples=the plane made three rotations before it crashed

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the three definitions of "revolution":

The sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

The context is about the Reagan revolution in national policy making. This refers to the significant political and ideological changes brought about during Ronald Reagan's presidency and political movement. It's not about a physical rotation or turn, and it's not about overthrowing a government in the violent sense.

Let me check each definition:

1. "a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving" - This fits perfectly. The Reagan revolution represents a significant shift in political ideology and policy approaches.

2. "the overthrow of a government by those who are governed" - This doesn't fit. The Reagan revolution was a political movement within the existing democratic system, not an overthrow of government.

3. "a single complete turn (axial or orbital)" - This is clearly not relevant to this context.

The correct answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "national" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in <t>national</t> policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero
2. definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests
3. definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government
4. definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. definition=inside the country | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior
6. definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in <t>national</t> policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

The word "national" is being used to describe "policy making." Let me consider each sense:

1. "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" - This is general but could apply
2. "limited to or in the interests of a particular nation" - This could work
3. "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" - This seems to fit - national policy making would be policy making that applies to/concerns the entire country
4. "owned or maintained for the public by the national government" - This is specific to things like parks, doesn't fit
5. "inside the country" - This could work but is less specific
6. "characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation" - Doesn't fit well
7. "of or relating to nationality" - Doesn't fit

The phrase "national policy making" refers to policy making that applies to or is concerned with the entire nation/country, not just one region. This best matches sense 3: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" with the example "the national government."

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "policy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national <t>policy</t> making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution
2. definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the three senses of "policy" to determine which one is being used.

The sentence is: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" - This refers to a specific plan or course of action. In the context of "national policy making," this would refer to government plans and decisions.

2. "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - This refers to the justification or reasoning behind government actions.

3. "written contract or certificate of insurance" - This is about insurance documents, which is clearly not relevant here.

In the context of "national policy making," the word "policy" refers to government plans, decisions, and courses of action. The sentence is about freshmen congressmen who were focused on spreading the Reagan revolution (Republican ideology) in national policy making - meaning they were trying to influence government decisions and plans.

This best fits sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" - specifically referring to government/national policy plans.

Sense 2 could also potentially apply, but it's more about the rationalization/argumentation, whereas the sentence seems to be referring more directly to the actual government plans and decisions being made.

The most appropriate answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "making" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy <t>making</t>, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Senses:
1. definition=the act that results in something coming to be | examples=the devising of plans
2. definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent
3. definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence is: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy <t>making</t>, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the act that results in something coming to be" with examples "the devising of plans" - This refers to the act or process of making/creating something.

2. "an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something" with examples "her qualifications for the job are excellent" - This is about qualifications or requirements that fit someone for something.

3. "(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something" with examples "the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake" - This refers to ingredients or components.

In the sentence, "national policy making" refers to the process or act of making national policy - i.e., the act of creating/developing national policy. This clearly matches sense 1: "the act that results in something coming to be" - policy making is the act that results in policy coming to be. The phrase "policy making" (or "policymaking") refers to the process of developing policies.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "indicate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fourth, the theory <t>indicates</t> why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Senses:
1. definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness
2. definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | examples=I showed the customer the glove section
3. definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
4. definition=give evidence of | examples=The evidence argues for your claim
5. definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Fourth, the theory <t>indicates</t> why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office."

The word "indicates" here means that the theory provides evidence or shows why the Republican Party may have difficulty. The theory is demonstrating or showing the reason/cause.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "be a signal for or a symptom of" - This would mean the theory is a signal or symptom of something. Not quite right.

2. "indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively" - The example shows pointing/directing toward something. The theory isn't really pointing to a place or directing us.

3. "to state or express briefly" - This could work. The theory is expressing/stating why the Republican Party has difficulty. This seems plausible.

4. "give evidence of" - This would mean the theory gives evidence of something. But the theory is explaining why something happens, which is more about providing evidence/demonstration.

5. "suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine" - This is medical context, not applicable here.

Looking more carefully at the sentence: the theory "indicates why" - meaning it shows, demonstrates, or provides evidence for why the Republican Party has difficulty. This is closest to sense 4 "give evidence of" - the theory gives evidence of why something is the case.

Actually, sense 3 "to state or express briefly" also seems quite appropriate - the theory states or expresses briefly why the Republican Party has difficulty.

Between 3 and 4:
- Sense 4: "give evidence of" - the theory provides evidence for a conclusion
- Sense 3: "to state or express briefly" - the theory states/expresses the reason

I think sense 3 is more appropriate here. The theory is stating or expressing why something is the case.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "attract" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time <t>attracting</t> viable candidates for congressional office.

Senses:
1. definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men
2. definition=be attractive to | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me
3. definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office."

In this context, "attracting" means the Republican Party is trying to draw or recruit viable candidates toward itself - they want candidates to come to/join the Republican Party.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" - This fits the meaning. The Republican Party is trying to direct/draw candidates toward itself through their appeal as a party.

2. "be attractive to" - This is a bit different; it means "appeal to" someone. While related, this is more passive and about something being appealing rather than actively drawing something toward oneself.

3. "exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach" - This is about physical forces, like gravity. Not applicable here since we're talking about attracting political candidates.

The most appropriate sense is #1. The party is trying to attract (draw toward itself) viable candidates through its appeal and political attributes.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable <t>candidates</t> for congressional office.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "candidate" is being used.

The sentence is: "Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office."

Let's look at each sense:

1. "a politician who is running for public office" - This describes someone actively engaged in a campaign for public office.

2. "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" - This describes someone who is being considered or proposed as a possibility for something.

In the sentence, the context is about "attracting viable candidates for congressional office." The candidates here are people who the Republican Party wants to attract to run for congressional office. These would be people who are actively running or willing to run for office, not just being considered.

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase "attracting viable candidates" suggests they are seeking out people who could potentially run. This could fit sense 2 - people being considered for the office.

However, sense 1 is about "a politician who is running for public office" - these are people actively running.

The key word is "attracting" - they want to attract candidates. This suggests potential candidates who might run, not necessarily people already running. So this seems to fit sense 2 better - "someone who is considered for something."

But wait, "candidates for congressional office" is a very standard phrase that typically refers to people running for office, which would be sense 1.

I think in this context, sense 1 is more appropriate because the phrase "candidates for congressional office" refers to politicians who are running for (or willing to run for) public office. Sense 2 is more general and refers to someone merely being considered, while sense 1 specifically refers to people running for public office.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "office" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional <t>office</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. definition=an administrative unit of government | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency
3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | examples=the function of a teacher
4. definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage
5. definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. definition=a job in an organization | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "office" is being used:

"Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office."

In this context, "congressional office" refers to a political position - a job or position in government, specifically a position in Congress.

Let me review each sense:

1. "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed" - This refers to a physical location. The sentence is not about a physical place.

2. "an administrative unit of government" - This is about a government agency/unit. While related to government, the sentence is specifically about candidates running for positions, not about a government administrative unit.

3. "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" - This is about function/role/duties. Could be relevant.

4. "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power" - This is about the state of being in power/holding a position, particularly the condition itself.

5. "professional or clerical workers in an office" - This is about people, not relevant here.

6. "a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities" - Not relevant, this is about religious services.

7. "a job in an organization" - This is about a position/job. This seems most appropriate for "congressional office" - a position/job in Congress.

The answer should be 7, as "congressional office" refers to a job or position in an organization (Congress).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "potential" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Potential</t> candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Senses:
1. definition=existing in possibility | examples=a potential problem
2. definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | examples=potential clients

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "potential" is being used.

Sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

In this sentence, "potential candidates" refers to people who could possibly become candidates - they are candidates in possibility, not yet actual candidates. The word "potential" is describing candidates who haven't actually run or become official candidates yet, but might do so.

Now let me compare with the two senses:

1. "existing in possibility" | examples: "a potential problem"
   - This means something that could exist or happen but hasn't yet
   - A "potential problem" is something that might become a problem

2. "expected to become or be; in prospect" | examples: "potential clients"
   - This means people/things that are expected to become clients/that prospect
   - "Potential clients" are people who might become clients

Looking at the sentence again: "Potential candidates" - these are people who might become candidates (or might run for office). They are not yet actual candidates, but they could be.

Both definitions seem somewhat applicable, but let me think more carefully:

Sense 1: "existing in possibility" - potential candidates are candidates in possibility
Sense 2: "expected to become or be; in prospect" - potential candidates are expected to be/become candidates

Actually, these are very similar. But sense 2 with the phrase "in prospect" and "expected to become or be" seems more directly aligned with the example "potential clients" - people who are expected to become clients.

Similarly, "potential candidates" are people expected to become candidates or in prospect to be candidates.

So the answer should be 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "candidate" is being used.

"Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

In this sentence, "candidates" refers to people who are running for public office (specifically, it appears to be a political context). The sentence mentions:
- They are "running" (which suggests they are running for office)
- There's mention of "congressional salary" (legislative office context)
- There's mention of "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" (electoral/political context)

Now let me compare the two senses:

1. "a politician who is running for public office" - This describes someone who is actively running for office
2. "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" - This describes someone who is being considered or eligible for something

The sentence says "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..." This suggests people who could potentially run for office - so they are people being considered or eligible to run, not necessarily people who are already actively running.

Actually, looking more carefully: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running" - this suggests they are considering whether to run. The word "potential" modifies "candidates," and the sentence discusses whether they would choose to run.

This seems to fit sense 2 better: "someone who is considered for something" - people who could be considered or who are eligible to be candidates, but haven't necessarily committed to running yet.

But sense 1 "a politician who is running for public office" could also fit if we interpret "candidates" as those seeking office.

Given the emphasis on "potential" and the discussion of whether they would be discouraged from "running," I think sense 2 fits best - they are people who could be candidates (considered for the position), not yet confirmed as candidates who are actually running.

Actually, I need to reconsider.

In political contexts, "candidate" typically refers to someone actively running or who has declared their intention to run for office. The passage specifically discusses congressional elections and the factors that might discourage someone from running, which aligns more closely with sense 1. Sense 2 applies more broadly to any position or honor, whereas this context is distinctly about electoral politics.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "discourage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Potential candidates may be <t>discouraged</t> from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.

Senses:
1. definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
2. definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged
3. definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | examples=I warned him not to go too far

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "discourage" is being used.

The sentence is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

Let me break this down:
- "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running" - this means candidates are prevented from running or shown opposition to the action of running
- The sentence is comparing two things that might discourage them: the congressional salary vs. the prospect of defeat

Let me look at each sense:

1. "try to prevent; show opposition to" - This fits well. The candidates are being discouraged from running (prevented from running or shown opposition to the action)

2. "deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged" - This is about causing someone to feel discouraged emotionally. While related, the sentence seems to be about preventing them from running as an action.

3. "admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior" - This doesn't fit well. The sentence isn't about counseling or admonishing behavior.

Sense 1 seems to be the best fit. The meaning is that something is preventing or showing opposition to candidates running, not that it's making them feel emotionally discouraged (though those could be related).