[User]
Which numbered sense of "difference" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only <t>difference</t>, the degree of generosity

Senses:
1. definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | examples=he had a dispute with his wife
4. definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing
5. definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this sentence: "The only <t>difference</t>, the degree of generosity"

This appears to be describing what makes one thing different from another. The context suggests that "the degree of generosity" is what distinguishes or sets apart the things being compared.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" - This is about being unlike or dissimilar in general
2. "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" - This is about deviation from a standard
3. "a disagreement or argument about something important" - This is about disputes/arguments
4. "a significant change" - This is about notable changes
5. "the number that remains after subtraction" - This is mathematical

The sentence structure "the only difference, the degree of generosity" seems to be saying that the distinguishing factor or what makes them unlike is the degree of generosity.

This fits best with sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" - because the sentence is identifying what makes things different or unlike each other. The degree of generosity is what distinguishes them, which relates to the quality of being unlike or dissimilar.

Actually, looking more carefully, sense 4 "a significant change" could also work, but sense 1 seems more appropriate because we're talking about what distinguishes or makes things unlike each other.

The answer should be 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "degree" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only difference, the <t>degree</t> of generosity

Senses:
1. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence
2. definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness
3. definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. definition=a measure for arcs and angles | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "The only difference, the degree of generosity"

Let me analyze what "degree" means in this context. It's talking about "the degree of generosity" - this is referring to the amount or intensity of generosity. It's asking about how much generosity there is, the level or intensity of it.

Let me check the definitions:
1. "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - This fits. It's describing the intensity/amount of generosity.
2. "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - This could also fit, as "degree of generosity" describes a position on a scale of generosity.
3. "an award conferred by a college or university" - No, this is about academic degrees.
4. "a measure for arcs and angles" - No, this is mathematical.
5. "the highest power of a term or variable" - No, this is mathematical.
6. "a unit of temperature" - No, this is about temperature.
7. "the seriousness of something" - No, this doesn't fit.

Between 1 and 2, both seem applicable, but sense 1 is more directly about "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" which perfectly describes "degree of generosity" - it's indicating where generosity falls on a scale of intensity/amount.

Sense 2 is about "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series" which is similar but slightly different framing.

I think sense 1 is the best match because it explicitly mentions "intensity or amount or quality" and the example "a moderate grade of intelligence" is very similar in structure to "degree of generosity".

type: thinking

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "generosity" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only difference, the degree of <t>generosity</t>

Senses:
1. definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time
2. definition=acting generously

reasoning_content:
I need to determine which sense of "generosity" is being used in the sentence "The only difference, the degree of generosity."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is talking about "the degree of generosity"
- It's referring to a measurable quality or trait

Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" - This is a noun referring to a character trait/quality
Sense 2: "acting generously" - This is more about an action or behavior

In the sentence "the degree of generosity," the word is being used as a noun referring to the quality or trait itself (the degree to which someone has the trait of being willing to give). You can measure "the degree of generosity" - meaning the amount or level of this trait.

This fits better with Sense 1, which defines generosity as a trait/quality that can be measured by degree.

Sense 2 (acting generously) would be more about performing actions in a generous manner, which doesn't fit as well with "the degree of" phrasing.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In 2005, the <t>fear</t> of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Senses:
1. definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)
2. definition=an anxious feeling | examples=care had aged him
3. definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | examples=the fear of God

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the three senses provided:

Sentence: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)" - This describes a fear as an emotional response to a threat or danger. In the sentence, there is a "fear of invasion" - this is anticipatory fear of a potential danger (invasion by Polish plumbers). This fits this definition well.

2. "an anxious feeling" - This is more general, describing worry or anxiety. While the sentence does convey anxiety, this is quite vague compared to sense 1.

3. "a feeling of profound respect for someone or something" - This doesn't fit at all. There's no indication of respect for Polish plumbers or the concept of invasion.

The sentence clearly refers to fear as an emotion experienced in anticipation of a specific danger (the invasion of national territory). This is sense 1.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "invasion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In 2005, the fear of <t>invasion</t> of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder
2. definition=any entry into an area not previously occupied | examples=an invasion of tourists
3. definition=(pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body | examples=the tumor's invasion of surrounding structures

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."

The context here is about Polish plumbers entering French territory (this refers to the 2004 EU expansion when Poland joined the EU, causing concerns in France about immigration). The word "invasion" is being used metaphorically to describe an influx of people entering a territory.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder" - This is the military definition, and while the word is being used here, it's not literally an army invading for conquest or plunder. It's more of a metaphorical use.

2. "any entry into an area not previously occupied | examples=an invasion of tourists" - This fits perfectly. The example "invasion of tourists" is very similar to "invasion of Polish plumbers." This is about people entering an area in large numbers.

3. "(pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body" - This is a medical/pathological definition, which is clearly not applicable here.

The best match is sense 2, as it describes the metaphorical use of "invasion" to mean an influx of people into a territory, similar to the example of "invasion of tourists."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "territory" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national <t>territory</t> by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Senses:
1. definition=a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
2. definition=an area of knowledge or interest | examples=his questions covered a lot of territory
3. definition=the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state | examples=American troops were stationed on Japanese soil

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national <t>territory</t> by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."

The context is about the fear of invasion of "national territory" by Polish plumbers. This is clearly referring to the geographical area that belongs to a nation/country under its jurisdiction.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a region marked off for administrative or other purposes" - This is too general and administrative in nature. It doesn't specifically emphasize the national/sovereign aspect.

2. "an area of knowledge or interest" - This doesn't fit at all. The sentence is not about knowledge or interest areas.

3. "the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state" - This fits perfectly. The sentence talks about the "national territory" which refers to the geographical area that belongs to a nation and is under its jurisdiction. The mention of invasion reinforces this is about sovereign territory.

The correct sense is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "horde" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Senses:
1. definition=a vast multitude
2. definition=a nomadic community
3. definition=a moving crowd

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "horde" is being used.

The sentence: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a vast multitude" - This refers to a large number of people or things
2. "a nomadic community" - This refers to a group of people who move from place to place
3. "a moving crowd" - This refers to a crowd that is in motion

In the context of the sentence, "hordes of Polish plumbers" refers to a large number of Polish plumbers. The sentence is using "hordes" to describe a vast multitude of people (plumbers). This is related to the fear of invasion by many people.

The word is not being used to describe a nomadic community (sense 2), as the Polish plumbers aren't being characterized as nomadic in this context.

The word is not specifically emphasizing the "moving" aspect of a crowd (sense 3), though hordes could imply movement.

Sense 1 "a vast multitude" is the most appropriate definition here. "Hordes" is being used to convey a large number of Polish plumbers.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "left" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right.

Senses:
1. definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare
3. definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | examples=jab with your left
4. definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right."

The sentence is discussing political perspectives - it mentions feeling on the "Left" and on the "Right". These are clearly political terms referring to political ideologies or political groups.

Looking at the senses:
1. Location near or direction toward the left side (geographical) - Not this one
2. Those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare - This is a political definition, referring to the left side of the political spectrum
3. The hand that is on the left side of the body - Not this one
4. The piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left (baseball) - Not this one
5. A turn toward the side of the body - Not this one

The correct sense is #2, which refers to those who support social or political change - this fits with "the Left" referring to the political left in the context of discussing political reactions to the Polish plumbers issue.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "right" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights
2. definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right
3. definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right
4. definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged
5. definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left
6. definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
7. definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | examples=he feels he is in the right
8. definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>."

The context here is discussing political ideology. The sentence mentions "on the Left and on the Right" - these are political terms referring to political ideologies or political groups.

Looking at the senses:
1. Definition about rights due to a person - not relevant
2. Location/direction toward right side - not relevant (not about physical location)
3. Outfield position - not relevant
4. Those who support political conservatism - THIS FITS! The sentence is contrasting the "Left" and the "Right" as political groups
5. The right hand - not relevant
6. A turn toward the right - not relevant
7. In accord with justice - not relevant
8. Interest in intangible things - not relevant

The answer is clearly 4, as it refers to political conservatism/conservative political groups, which is what "Right" means when used in the context of "Left and Right" political spectrum.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "side" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Senses:
1. definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church
2. definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal
5. definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side
6. definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side
7. definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food
10. definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. definition=an elevated geological formation | examples=he climbed the steep slope
12. definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

Let me analyze what "sides" means here. The sentence is talking about groups of people who have different opinions - those who see immigrants as a burden. It's clearly referring to different groups with opposing viewpoints or positions.

Looking at the senses:
1. A place within a region - doesn't fit
2. One of two or more contesting groups - this could fit
3. Either left or right half of a body - doesn't fit
4. A surface forming part of outside of object - doesn't fit
5. An extended outer surface of object - doesn't fit
6. An aspect of something - doesn't fit
7. A line segment of plane figure - doesn't fit
8. A family line of descent - doesn't fit
9. A lengthwise dressed half of animal carcass - doesn't fit
10. An opinion held in opposition to another in argument or dispute - this could fit
11. An elevated geological formation - doesn't fit
12. Sports spin on ball - doesn't fit

The key here is whether "sides" refers to "contesting groups" (sense 2) or "opinions in opposition" (sense 10).

Looking at the example for sense 2: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack" - this is about groups of people
Looking at the example for sense 10: "there are two sides to every question" - this is about different opinions/positions

In the sentence "Both sides see immigrants as a burden", it's talking about groups of people (presumably political groups like left/right) who hold a position. This seems to fit more with sense 2 - contesting groups - because it's the groups themselves, not just abstract opinions.

Actually, both could work, but sense 2 seems more appropriate because it's referring to the groups themselves rather than just the opinions.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "burden" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society.

Senses:
1. definition=an onerous or difficult concern | examples=the burden of responsibility
2. definition=weight to be borne or conveyed
3. definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
4. definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses of "burden":

Sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

In this context, "burden" refers to something that is problematic, difficult, or creates a strain on the economy and society. It's describing immigrants as something that is seen as creating difficulties or problems - an "onerous or difficult concern."

Let me check each sense:

1. "an onerous or difficult concern" with example "the burden of responsibility" - This seems to fit. A burden here is something viewed as problematic or creating strain.

2. "weight to be borne or conveyed" - This is the literal physical meaning of burden, which doesn't apply here since we're not talking about physical weight.

3. "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work" - This doesn't fit the context at all.

4. "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse" - This also doesn't fit the context.

The correct answer is sense 1, as "burden" is being used metaphorically to mean something that is seen as a difficult concern or problem for the French economy and society.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "economy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society.

Senses:
1. definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption
2. definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

In this context, "economy" refers to the economic system of France - the system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services within the country. The sentence is saying that immigrants are seen as a burden on France's economic system/structure.

Let me check each sense:
1. "the system of production and distribution and consumption" - This fits! The sentence is talking about the French economic system.
2. "the efficient use of resources" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't about efficient use of resources.
3. "frugality in the expenditure of money or resources" - This doesn't fit. It's not about being frugal.
4. "an act of economizing; reduction in cost" - This doesn't fit. It's not about reducing costs.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "society" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | examples=he joined a golf club
3. definition=the state of being with someone | examples=he missed their company
4. definition=the fashionable elite

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>."

In this context, "society" refers to the French people as a whole group, or the social structure/system of France. It's talking about the broader social organization and community as a whole, not:

- Not sense 2: It's not a formal association of people with similar interests (like a club)
- Not sense 3: It's not about being with someone or company
- Not sense 4: It's not about the fashionable elite

So it must be sense 1: "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization" - this fits perfectly as it refers to French society as the broader social group with its own cultural and economic structure.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "difference" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | examples=he had a dispute with his wife
4. definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing
5. definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

I need to understand what "difference" means in this context. The sentence is saying that the only difference is found in the degree of generosity. This is comparing two things and identifying what makes them unlike or dissimilar from each other.

Let me check each sense:

1. "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" - This refers to how things are different from each other. The sentence talks about a difference in the degree of generosity, which is about what makes things unlike or dissimilar.

2. "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" - This is more specific to deviations from a norm.

3. "a disagreement or argument about something important" - This is about disputes or conflicts, which doesn't fit here.

4. "a significant change" - This is about change over time, not comparison of unlike things.

5. "the number that remains after subtraction" - This is the mathematical definition, which doesn't apply here.

The sentence is identifying what makes something unlike or dissimilar (the degree of generosity differs between two things being compared). This matches sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "degree" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence
2. definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness
3. definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. definition=a measure for arcs and angles | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

The sentence is talking about the extent or amount of generosity. It's describing how much generosity is being granted - this is about the intensity or amount of a quality.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - This seems to fit. "degree of generosity" is talking about how much generosity (intensity/amount of a quality).

2. "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - This could also fit, as it's talking about a position on a scale of generosity.

3. An academic award - doesn't fit

4. A measure for angles - doesn't fit

5. Power of a term - doesn't fit

6. A unit of temperature - doesn't fit

7. The seriousness of something - This doesn't fit; we're not talking about the seriousness of something

Between 1 and 2, both seem similar. Sense 1 says "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" with example "a moderate grade of intelligence". Sense 2 says "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" with example "a remarkable degree of frankness".

Both examples (moderate grade of intelligence, remarkable degree of frankness) are similar to our usage (degree of generosity). The key difference is that sense 1 emphasizes "intensity or amount or quality" while sense 2 emphasizes "continuum or series or especially in a process".

Our sentence is about the amount/intensity of generosity on a scale, not necessarily a process. So sense 1 seems more appropriate.

Actually, looking more carefully, both could work, but sense 1 seems to be the primary meaning for "degree of X" where X is a quality like generosity. The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" in sense 2 is also very similar to our usage.
Sense 1 appears to be the better fit since it directly captures the notion of measuring how much of a quality—in this case generosity—is present, rather than positioning something within a broader process or series.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "generosity" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time
2. definition=acting generously

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "generosity" is being used.

"The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

In this sentence, "generosity" refers to a quality or trait that is being granted to immigrants in varying degrees. The sentence is talking about how generous one is willing to be toward immigrants.

Let me consider both senses:

1. "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" - This refers to generosity as a character trait or disposition - the tendency to be generous.

2. "acting generously" - This refers to the act or action of being generous.

In the sentence, "generosity" is being discussed as something that "one deigns to grant" - meaning one chooses to show to immigrants to a certain degree. The "degree of generosity" refers to how much one is willing to be generous.

This is referring to the trait or willingness to give, not to a specific generous action. It's talking about the quality or disposition of being generous (a trait), which would be sense 1.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "program" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Senses:
1. definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | examples=they drew up a six-step plan
2. definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works
3. definition=a radio or television show | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform
5. definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. definition=an integrated course of academic studies | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

François Hollande was a French politician who became President of France. The context is about him presenting aims and principles related to politics, mentioning immigration policy and co-development.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" - This could fit, but it's too generic.

2. "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" - This could work, referring to a political program/policy.

3. "a radio or television show" - Doesn't fit here.

4. "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" - This fits very well! Hollande is discussing his political program/platform with aims and principles.

5. "an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event" - Doesn't fit.

6. "an integrated course of academic studies" - Doesn't fit.

7. "a computer science sequence of instructions" - Doesn't fit.

8. "a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation" - Doesn't fit.

The best fit is sense 4 - "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" - because Hollande is discussing his political program in terms of policy aims (co-development, immigration solutions).

Actually, sense 2 could also work - "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" - his program addresses immigration and co-development.

But sense 4 is more specific and accurate for a political context where someone presents their aims and principles. The sentence specifically mentions "aims and principles of a political party" in the definition.

The answer should be 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "problem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved."

Senses:
1. definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | examples=she and her husband are having problems
2. definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. definition=a source of difficulty | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the use of "problem" in the sentence: "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved."

Looking at the context:
- The sentence is talking about an "immigration problem"
- It's described as something that needs to "be solved"
- This suggests a difficult situation or issue related to immigration

Let me compare with the three senses:

1. "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - This fits. Immigration is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. The sentence explicitly states the problem "would allow...to be solved."

2. "a question raised for consideration or solution" - This doesn't fit well. Immigration isn't being presented as a question or homework-type problem.

3. "a source of difficulty" - This could work, but it's more passive. Sense 1 better captures the active resolution aspect mentioned in the sentence.

The best match is sense 1, as it describes "immigration problem" as a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved, which aligns with the sentence's implication that it needs to be solved.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "notion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | examples=his impression of her was favorable
2. definition=a general inclusive concept
3. definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories
4. definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "notion" is being used.

The sentence is: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - This could fit. The text is talking about an idea/belief about immigration.

2. "a general inclusive concept" - This could also potentially fit, as it's referring to a concept about immigration.

3. "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea" - This talks about something unusual, odd, or whimsical. The sentence doesn't suggest the idea is particularly odd or fanciful.

4. "small personal articles or clothing or sewing items" - This clearly doesn't fit the context.

Between 1 and 2:
- Sense 1 describes "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - this fits well because the sentence is talking about an idea/belief about immigration that people seem to have confidence in (as it's described as an electoral asset).
- Sense 2 describes "a general inclusive concept" - this is more about a broad, encompassing concept.

In this context, "notion" refers to a conception or belief about immigration. Sense 1 ("a vague idea in which some confidence is placed") seems more appropriate because it captures the idea as something people believe in, rather than just a general concept.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "burden" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=an onerous or difficult concern | examples=the burden of responsibility
2. definition=weight to be borne or conveyed
3. definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
4. definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."

In this context, "burden" means something that is regarded as onerous, difficult, or oppressive - something that weighs heavily on people's minds as a concern or responsibility.

Let me check each sense:

1. "an onerous or difficult concern" | examples="the burden of responsibility" - This fits the sentence. Immigration is being presented as something seen as a difficult concern or responsibility.

2. "weight to be borne or conveyed" - This is the literal, physical meaning of burden. The sentence is not about physical weight.

3. "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work" - This doesn't fit.

4. "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse" - This doesn't fit either.

The sentence uses "burden" metaphorically to mean an onerous or difficult concern - something that is regarded as a problem or responsibility. This clearly matches sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "problem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | examples=she and her husband are having problems
2. definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. definition=a source of difficulty | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses of "problem" provided.

The sentence is: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."

In this context, "problem" is being used to describe immigration as something that is:
1. A burden (something that is difficult or troublesome)
2. May be an electoral asset (something that political candidates can use)
3. Economically costly (something that creates difficulties)

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - This refers to a problematic situation or condition that requires fixing. The example given is "she and her husband are having problems" which refers to a difficult situation.

2. "a question raised for consideration or solution" - This is more specific to mathematical or academic problems, like homework problems. Not applicable here.

3. "a source of difficulty" - This refers to something that causes or creates difficulty. The example is "one trouble after another delayed the job."

In the given sentence, immigration is being characterized as a "problem" - meaning it's viewed as something problematic or as a source of difficulty. This matches both sense 1 and sense 3, but sense 3 ("a source of difficulty") seems more precise because the sentence is saying immigration is viewed as a source of difficulty (even though economically it may not be).

Actually, looking more carefully, sense 1 "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" also fits well - the sentence is treating immigration as a state of difficulty.

Between 1 and 3, I think sense 1 is more appropriate here because the sentence is describing immigration as something that is viewed as problematic or difficult (a "problem"), which is the general state of difficulty.

Let me reconsider - sense 3 is "a source of difficulty" which is more specifically about what causes the difficulty. Sense 1 is more general about a difficulty that needs resolving.
Sense 3 seems to capture it better—immigration is presented as what people perceive to be causing the difficulty, the underlying source rather than just a general problematic state.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "book" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'
4. definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance
5. definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina
9. definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and determine which sense of "book" is being used.

The sentence says: "...in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)..."

The sentence is referring to a published work about immigration. It mentions that this is a recent publication with a specific title, publication date, publisher, and page count. This clearly indicates a published written work consisting of printed pages bound together.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)" - This matches perfectly. The example given is "I am reading a good book on economics" which is very similar to the context in the sentence.

2. "physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together" - This could also potentially fit, but it emphasizes the physical object itself rather than the written work/composition.

3. "a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone" - This doesn't fit as well.

4-11. These clearly don't fit the context.

The most accurate sense is #1 because it emphasizes that this is "a written work or composition that has been published" - which is exactly what is being described in the sentence. The book in question is a published academic work about immigration.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "immigration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)
2. definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "immigration" is being used.

The sentence reads: "...summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries..."

Let me examine each sense:

Sense 1: "migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)" - This is referring to the process/phenomenon of people moving into countries.

Sense 2: "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval" - This refers to a collective group of immigrants or the flow/number of immigrants during a specific time period.

In the context of the sentence, the text is discussing "the most recent knowledge of immigration" and later mentions "the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment." The focus seems to be on immigration as a process or phenomenon rather than on a specific body or group of immigrants arriving during a particular time interval.

The use of "knowledge of immigration" and discussing "migration flows" suggests this is about immigration as the phenomenon/process of migration (Sense 1), not about a specific body of immigrants (Sense 2).

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "people" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people
2. definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | examples=the Spanish people
3. definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations
4. definition=the common people generally | examples=separate the warriors from the mass

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "people" is being used in the title "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future."

Looking at the context: The book is about immigration and migration, discussing how migration shaped the world. The title "Exceptional People" refers to migrants or immigrants who have exceptional qualities or impacts.

Let me review the senses:

1. (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people
2. the body of citizens of a state or country | examples=the Spanish people
3. members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations
4. the common people generally | examples=separate the warriors from the mass

In this context, "Exceptional People" refers to immigrants or migrants as a group of human beings. It's not referring to citizens of a specific state (sense 2), not referring to family members (sense 3), and not referring to "the common people" as opposed to warriors or nobility (sense 4).

The title is using "people" to mean a group of human beings collectively - specifically, migrants/immigrants. This matches sense 1: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively."

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "migration" is being used.

The sentence discusses:
- Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron's book about immigration
- "How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future"
- The context discusses "the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries"
- This is clearly about people moving from one country to another

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another" - This matches the context perfectly. The passage is discussing immigration, people moving between countries, and its economic impacts.

2. "a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)" - This is too specific; the passage is discussing migration more broadly as a phenomenon, not a specific group of people migrating.

3. "(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule" - This is a chemistry term and is completely unrelated to the context.

4. "the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding" - This is about animals, not people, and is unrelated to the context.

The correct answer is clearly sense 1, as it refers to the movement of people from one country to another, which is the primary topic of the sentence about economic impacts and immigration policy.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "future" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the time yet to come
2. definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future
3. definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the usage of "Future" in the sentence.

The sentence is discussing a book title: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future"

In this context, "Future" refers to the time that is yet to come - specifically, the time period that migration will shape and define. It's not referring to a grammatical verb tense, and it's not referring to financial commodities traded at future dates.

So this is clearly sense 1: "the time yet to come"


[User]
Which numbered sense of "specialist" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning
2. definition=practices one branch of medicine

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which definition of "specialist" is being used.

In the sentence, "specialists" refers to economists and people who study immigration - people who are experts devoted to studying one particular field (in this case, immigration and economics).

Looking at the two definitions:
1. "an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning" - This fits the usage. The specialists mentioned are devoted to studying immigration and its economic impacts.
2. "practices one branch of medicine" - This is specifically about medical practice and doesn't fit the context of the sentence about immigration and economics.

The correct sense is definition 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the striking of one body against another
2. definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking
3. definition=influencing strongly | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "impact" is being used.

The sentence states: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

In this context, "impact" is being used to describe the effect or consequence of migration flows on economic factors like growth, wages, and employment. It's referring to the influence or effect that migration has on these economic outcomes - specifically a positive effect.

Let me check each definition:

1. "the striking of one body against another" - This is a physical/literal sense, not relevant here.

2. "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" with examples including "the book had an important impact on my thinking" - This matches perfectly. The migration flows have an impact (effect/consequence) on economic growth, wages, and employment.

3. "influencing strongly" - This is somewhat close but the example given talks about "impingement" which suggests an unwanted intrusion, whereas the sentence is discussing the positive impact as a favorable effect.

4. "the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat" - This is about conflict, not relevant here.

The correct sense is #2 - "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" - because the sentence is discussing how migration has a strong, positive effect on economic outcomes.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses of "migration" provided.

The sentence is discussing:
- Economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron
- A book about immigration and migration
- The positive impact of "migration flows" on economic growth, wages and employment in countries that admit immigrants

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another" - This is about people moving between countries/places. The context mentions immigration/migrants moving to countries that admit them. This fits.

2. "a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)" - This is specifically about a group/collective movement. The sentence says "migration flows" which could suggest movement of groups, but the main focus is on the economic impact of the movement itself, not specifically on a group.

3. "(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule" - This is clearly a chemistry definition and has nothing to do with the context about people, economics, and countries.

4. "the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding" - This is about animals, not people. The context is clearly about human migration/immigration.

The sentence is clearly about human migration - people moving from one country to another. The most appropriate definition is sense 1, which defines migration as "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another."

The answer is: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "flow" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)
2. definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time
3. definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression
4. definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge
5. definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal
6. definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | examples=two streams of development run through American history
7. definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and determine which sense of "flow" is being used.

The sentence is discussing "migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

Looking at the context, "migration flows" refers to the movement of people (migrants) from one place to another. It's not about physical fluids or gases.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)" - Not about fluids
2. "the amount of fluid that flows in a given time" - Not about measuring fluids
3. "the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression" - This could work, as it refers to movement/progression
4. "any uninterrupted stream or discharge" - This could work too
5. "something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal" - This seems very fitting! "Migration flows" refers to streams of people moving, which directly resembles a flowing stream
6. "dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas" - This is more about ideas/events
7. "the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus..." - Definitely not applicable

Sense 5 seems most appropriate because:
- It specifically mentions "a stream of people"
- Migration flows refers to movements of people continuously
- The metaphorical use of "flow" to describe the movement of people is captured in this definition

The answer is 5.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "employment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being employed or having a job | examples=they are looking for employment
2. definition=the occupation for which you are paid | examples=he is looking for employment
3. definition=the act of giving someone a job
4. definition=the act of using | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "employment" provided.

The sentence states: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants."

In this context, "employment" is being discussed as something that can be affected by migration flows. The sentence is talking about economic outcomes - growth, wages, and employment. It's referring to the overall condition/state of having jobs in a country, not:
- A specific job someone has (sense 2)
- The act of hiring someone (sense 3)
- The use of something (sense 4)

Looking at sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job" with example "they are looking for employment" - this fits perfectly. The sentence is discussing employment as an economic metric/condition that can be impacted by immigration.

Sense 2 would refer to a specific occupation, which doesn't fit.
Sense 3 would be about hiring, which doesn't fit.
Sense 4 would be about using something, which doesn't fit.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "country" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | examples=the state has elected a new president
2. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | examples=he returned to the land of his birth
3. definition=the people who live in a nation or country | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood
4. definition=an area outside of cities and towns | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | examples=it was a mountainous area

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence says: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

The word "countries" here refers to nations or states that are admitting immigrants. Let me look at each sense:

1. "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - This could fit because countries are indeed politically organized bodies. The context is about countries admitting immigrants, which is a political/governmental action.

2. "the territory occupied by a nation" - This could also fit because countries occupy territories.

3. "the people who live in a nation or country" - This doesn't fit as well because the sentence is talking about countries admitting immigrants, not the people themselves.

4. "an area outside of cities and towns" - This definitely doesn't fit. The sentence is not talking about rural areas.

5. "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary" - This doesn't fit well either.

The most precise fit is sense 1 - "a politically organized body of people under a single government" because:
- The sentence talks about countries "which admit immigrants" - this is an action taken by a political body/government
- The context is about migration policy and government action
- This captures the essence of what countries are in this political/governmental sense

So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "immigration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)
2. definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

In this sentence, "immigration" refers to the act or process of people migrating into a country to settle there. The sentence is talking about restraining (limiting) this movement of people.

Let me examine both senses:

1. "migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)" - This is the process/act of immigrating.

2. "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval" - This refers to the group/collective of immigrants during a time period.

In the context of "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth," we're talking about restraining the process or flow of immigration itself, not restraining a specific body of immigrants. This is referring to the phenomenon of immigration as a process, which matches sense 1.

Sense 2 would be more like "the immigration [arriving] led to growth" - referring to a specific group of immigrants.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | examples=the increase in unemployment
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

In this context, "growth" is referring to economic growth - the increase in the economy's size, production, or output.

Looking at the senses:

1. Biological growth of organisms - not relevant here
2. A progression from simpler to more complex forms (with example about culture) - this could be related, but it's more about development/progress rather than economic expansion
3. A process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important - examples given is "the increase in unemployment" - this is about increase/expansion of something
4. Vegetation that has grown - not relevant
5. The gradual beginning or coming forth - not relevant
6. Abnormal tissue growth (tumor) - not relevant
7. Something grown or growing - could be possible but vague

Sense 3 seems the most appropriate because:
- It defines growth as "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important"
- Economic growth is indeed about something becoming larger/more important
- The example given is about increase, which is what economic growth represents

The answer is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "employment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being employed or having a job | examples=they are looking for employment
2. definition=the occupation for which you are paid | examples=he is looking for employment
3. definition=the act of giving someone a job
4. definition=the act of using | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>."

In this context, "employment" refers to the state or condition of having a job. The sentence is saying that restraining immigration harms employment - meaning it leads to fewer people being employed or makes it harder to find jobs.

Let me look at each definition:

1. "the state of being employed or having a job" - This fits because the sentence is talking about how immigration policy affects people's ability to have jobs (the state of being employed).

2. "the occupation for which you are paid" - This would be a specific job or profession, which doesn't fit the context. The sentence isn't talking about a particular occupation.

3. "the act of giving someone a job" - This would be the action of hiring, which doesn't fit the sentence's meaning.

4. "the act of using" - This is about usage/application, which doesn't fit the context at all.

The correct answer is sense 1, as it refers to the state of being employed or having a job, which is what is being "harmed" in the sentence.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Fears</t> about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)
2. definition=an anxious feeling | examples=care had aged him
3. definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | examples=the fear of God

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the senses provided.

The sentence is: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)" - This is about being afraid of something specific that could harm you, like fear of heights or fear of spiders.

2. "an anxious feeling | examples=care had aged him" - This refers to anxiety or concern about something, a worried feeling.

3. "a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | examples=the fear of God" - This is about having deep respect or reverence.

In the sentence, "Fears about the impact of immigrants" refers to concerns or anxieties about what immigrants might do to the job market. It's not a panic or immediate emotion of danger (sense 1), and it's not about respect (sense 3). It's about anxious concerns or worries - sense 2.

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=the striking of one body against another
2. definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking
3. definition=influencing strongly | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and the different senses of "impact" provided.

Sentence: "Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the striking of one body against another" - This is a physical/literal sense of impact. The sentence is not talking about physical collision.

2. "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" with example "the book had an important impact on my thinking" - This sense refers to the effect or consequence that something has. In the sentence, "impact of immigrants" refers to the effect or consequence that immigrants have (on the job market, wages, etc.).

3. "influencing strongly" with example about "impingement of American values on European culture" - This is about strong influence. While related, this seems more about the action of influencing rather than the result/consequence.

4. "the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat" - This is about violent conflict, which is not relevant to the sentence about immigrants and wages.

The sentence is using "impact" to mean "the effect or consequence" that immigrants have on the labor market and wages. This matches sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect."

The answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "notion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | examples=his impression of her was favorable
2. definition=a general inclusive concept
3. definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories
4. definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

raw_output:
1

The sentence uses "notion" to mean a vague idea or belief that people hold and act upon ("fears are based on the notion that..."). This matches sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "notion" is being used.

The sentence is: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - This could fit, as the sentence is discussing an idea/belief that people hold about immigrants.

2. "a general inclusive concept" - This could also potentially fit as it's talking about a conceptual idea.

3. "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea" - This doesn't seem to fit well, as the sentence is discussing a serious concern, not something odd or fanciful.

4. "(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items" - This doesn't fit at all; the sentence has nothing to do with sewing items or personal articles.

Between 1 and 2, I need to think about which is more accurate:
- Sense 1 emphasizes "vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - this fits well with "fears...are based on the notion that..." - it's a belief/idea that people hold
- Sense 2 is "a general inclusive concept" - while it could apply, sense 1 seems more precise

The key phrase is "based on the notion that" - this suggests it's an idea or belief. Sense 1 is specifically about a vague idea with some confidence placed in it, which matches this usage perfectly.

The answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "notion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | examples=his impression of her was favorable
2. definition=a general inclusive concept
3. definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories
4. definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

[Assistant]
1

The sentence uses "notion" to mean a vague idea or belief that people hold and act upon ("fears are based on the notion that..."). This matches sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed."

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 4. Return only the integer.

reasoning_content:
Let me reconsider the senses:

1. "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - example: "his impression of her was favorable"
2. "a general inclusive concept"
3. "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea" - example: "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories"
4. "(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items" - example: "buttons and needles are notions"

In the sentence: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

The word "notion" here refers to a general belief or concept - that immigrants are liable to replace native workers. This seems more like a general concept rather than just a vague idea.

Sense 2 is "a general inclusive concept" - this seems to fit better. The "notion that immigrants replace native workers" is a general concept or idea.

So the answer should be 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "worker" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native <t>workers</t>, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. definition=a person who acts and gets things done | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native <t>workers</t>, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

The sentence is talking about workers who can be replaced by immigrants, specifically unskilled workers, and the impact on wages. This is discussing people in employment/occupation context.

Let me check each sense:

1. "a person who works at a specific occupation" - This fits. The context is about people who work, specifically unskilled workers, and their employment/wages.

2. "a member of the working class (not necessarily employed)" - This could fit loosely, but the context is specifically about people in employment (replacing them, wage pressure), not just the working class in general.

3. "sterile member of a colony of social insects" - This is clearly not applicable to the context about immigrants and wages.

4. "a person who acts and gets things done" - This is too general and doesn't fit the specific employment context.

The most appropriate sense is #1 - "a person who works at a specific occupation" because the sentence is specifically discussing people employed in jobs (particularly unskilled jobs) who could be replaced by immigrants.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "one" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it
2. definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "one" is being used.

The sentence is: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages."

Here, "ones" is a plural form of "one." Let me look at the context:
- "native workers, in particular unskilled ones"

In this context, "ones" is referring to "workers" (specifically unskilled workers). It's used as a pronoun to replace the noun "workers" to avoid repetition.

So we have:
- "native workers" (the full noun phrase)
- "unskilled ones" (where "ones" replaces "workers")

This matches sense 2: "definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one"

In sense 2, "one" refers to "a single person or thing" - and when used as a pronoun, it stands for a noun that was mentioned before. In this case, "ones" stands for "workers."

Sense 1 is about the numeral/number 1, which is not the case here.

Therefore, the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "pressure" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | examples=he gave the button a press
4. definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | examples=the insistence of their hunger
5. definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages."

In this context, "pressure" is being used metaphorically to describe a force or influence that causes wages to go down. It's not physical pressure (like sense 1 or 5 or 7), and it's not literally pressing (sense 3).

Let me consider the remaining senses:
- Sense 2: "a force that compels" - This could fit, as there's a downward force on wages
- Sense 4: "the state of demanding notice or attention" - This doesn't fit well
- Sense 6: "an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress" - This could fit in the context of economic distress

Looking at sense 2 more carefully: "a force that compels" with examples of "the public brought pressure to bear on the government" - this is about a compelling force or influence.

In the sentence, "exerting downward pressure on wages" means applying a downward force or influence that compels wages to decrease. This is more about the force or influence itself rather than a state of distress.

Sense 2 ("a force that compels") seems to be the best fit, as it describes the downward influence on wages as a compelling force or pressure.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "experience" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But <t>experience</t> shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities | examples=a man of experience
2. definition=the content of direct observation or participation in an event | examples=he had a religious experience
3. definition=an event as apprehended | examples=a surprising experience

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the use of "experience" in the sentence:

"But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

The sentence is saying that experience (empirical observation/facts) demonstrates/shows that immigrants are complementary to local labor.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities" - This refers to experience as a quality or attribute that someone has gained over time.

2. "the content of direct observation or participation in an event" - This refers to what is directly observed or known through direct participation. The phrase "experience shows" suggests that what we have observed/learned demonstrates something.

3. "an event as apprehended" - This refers to a specific event as it is perceived.

In the sentence, "experience shows that..." is referring to what we have learned or observed through direct observation - empirical evidence. This is closest to sense 2, which defines experience as "the content of direct observation or participation in an event."

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase "experience shows" is using "experience" in the sense of accumulated knowledge that comes from observation. Looking more carefully:

Sense 1 talks about "accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation"
Sense 2 talks about "the content of direct observation or participation in an event"

In "experience shows that...", it's referring to what has been learned from observation over time - the accumulated knowledge from observation. This fits sense 1 better - accumulated knowledge that results from direct participation/observation.

So the answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "replacement" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than <t>replacements</t> of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another | examples=replacing the star will not be easy
2. definition=someone who takes the place of another person
3. definition=an event in which one thing is substituted for another | examples=the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood
4. definition=a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
5. definition=filling again by supplying what has been used up
6. definition=a person who follows next in order | examples=he was President Lincoln's successor

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to understand which sense of "replacement" is being used:

"But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than <t>replacements</t> of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

In this sentence, "replacements" is being used to refer to immigrants as entities that could take the place of local laborers. The sentence is saying that immigrants are NOT replacements of local labor, but are instead complementary to it.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another" - This is about the action/act, not about the thing itself.

2. "someone who takes the place of another person" - This could work, as it refers to a person who takes another's place.

3. "an event in which one thing is substituted for another" - This is about an event/action, not the thing itself.

4. "a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another" - This fits well - it refers to the person or thing that takes the place, which is what immigrants would be in this context.

5. "filling again by supplying what has been used up" - This doesn't fit.

6. "a person who follows next in order" - This is about succession, and the examples show "successor" which has a different meaning.

Between 2 and 4, sense 4 is more comprehensive as it includes both "person or thing" and the noun is being used as a noun for the entity itself, which matches the usage in the sentence where "replacements" is a plural noun referring to people/entities.

The answer is 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "labor" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local <t>labor</t>, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | examples=there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field
2. definition=productive work (especially physical work done for wages) | examples=his labor did not require a great deal of skill
3. definition=concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child | examples=she was in labor for six hours
4. definition=an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement
5. definition=a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries
6. definition=the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913
7. definition=any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted | examples=he prepared for great undertakings

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence to determine which sense of "labor" is being used:

"But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

The sentence is talking about immigrants in relation to local labor. It's discussing whether immigrants replace or complement the existing workforce. The phrase "shortage of local labor" suggests we're talking about workers or the workforce.

Let me examine each sense:

1. A social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages - This would refer to workers as a group/class. The example given is "there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field" which is very similar to our sentence context.

2. Productive work (especially physical work done for wages) - This would refer to the work itself, not the workers. The example is "his labor did not require a great deal of skill" which is about the work.

3. Concluding state of pregnancy - Not relevant here.

4. An organized attempt by workers to improve their status - Not what's being discussed here.

5. A political party in Great Britain - Not relevant.

6. The federal department in the United States - Not relevant.

7. Any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted - This is too general and vague.

In the sentence, "local labor" refers to workers/workforce, not the work itself. When we say "there is a shortage of local labor," we're talking about a shortage of workers, not a shortage of work. The context is about the economic impact of immigrants on the workforce.

Sense 1 is the best fit: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" - and the example even says "there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field" which is structurally identical to "there is a shortage of local labor" in our sentence.

The answer is 1.