[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
5:09 a.m. JROE: The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building <t>started</t> shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The sentence describes the building beginning to shake during an earthquake. The building, as the subject, "has a beginning" of the shaking action. This matches sense 4's definition: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense," similar to the example "The DMZ begins right over the hill." The word "started" here is intransitive, indicating the commencement of a state or action without an external agent causing it.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "started" in the sentence:

"the building started shaking like crazy"

This is describing the building beginning to shake. The subject "the building" is the thing that begins the action of shaking.

Let me go through the senses:

1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: - "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - This is about taking steps to do something. Not quite right.

2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: - "set in motion, cause to start" - This would be more about causing something to start. Not quite right.

3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: - "leave" - Not relevant.

4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: - "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" - This means something begins or starts existing. This could fit - the building began shaking.

5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: - "bring into being" - About creating something new. Not right.

6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: - "get off the ground" - About launching/initiating a project. Not right.

7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: - "move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm" - This is about jerking or jumping suddenly. Not quite right, though "shaking" could involve sudden movement.

8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: - "get going or set in motion" - About causing something to begin moving. This could work - the building started (began) shaking.
Continuing through the remaining senses, sense_key=start%2:38:00:: is essentially a duplicate of 8, while sense_key=start%2:41:04:: - "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object" - fits particularly well since "start shaking" is a natural, implied action. The sports-related sense and other variations don't apply to this context.

Comparing the strongest candidates, sense 4 stands out as the best match. It captures the core meaning of something having a beginning in a temporal sense, which is precisely what occurs when the building commences shaking. While senses 8 and 9 also involve initiating action, sense 4 most directly addresses the intransitive nature of the sentence where the subject itself begins a state or action.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shaking
Context:
5:09 a.m. JROE: The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started <t>shaking</t> like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is: "the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around."

The person is describing a building that is moving/vibrating, presumably from an earthquake. The building is "rocking around" which indicates movement back and forth.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. move or cause to move back and forth - could apply, involves back and forth motion
2. move with or as if with a tremor - a tremor/shaking movement, like an earthquake
3. shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively - rapid, intensive vibration
4. move back and forth or sideways - back and forth movement, with synonyms "rock, sway"
5. undermine or cause to waver - emotional/metaphorical meaning
6. stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of - emotional meaning
7. get rid of - different meaning
8. bring to a specified condition by shaking - different usage
9. shake (a body part) to communicate - specific body part usage

The context mentions:
- "the building started shaking like crazy"
- "It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports"
- "it was really rocking around"

The key clues are "shaking like crazy" and "rocking around". The building is undergoing physical movement/vibration.

Sense 4 says "move back and forth or sideways" with synonyms "rock, sway" and examples "the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed". This seems like the best fit because:
1. The building is described as "rocking around"
2. The definition explicitly includes "rock" as a synonym
3. It's about the structure moving back and forth

This is likely an earthquake scenario, and the building is swaying/rocking back and forth, which matches sense 4 perfectly.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flimsy
Target surface form: flimsy
Context:
JROE: The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a <t>flimsy</t> structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flimsy%5:00:01:weak:00 | definition=lacking solidity or strength | examples=a flimsy table; flimsy construction
2. sense_key=flimsy%3:00:02:: | definition=not convincing | synonyms=unconvincing | examples=unconvincing argument; as unconvincing as a forced smile
3. sense_key=flimsy%5:00:03:insignificant:00 | definition=lacking substance or significance; ; ; ; a fragile claim to fame" | synonyms=fragile, slight, tenuous, thin | examples=slight evidence; a tenuous argument

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a building that is "really rocking around" during an earthquake. The speaker is referring to the building's physical structural weakness and lack of solidity - it was built on supports and swayed dramatically during the tremor. This directly matches sense 1 ("lacking solidity or strength"), which includes the example "flimsy construction" and is clearly about the physical integrity of a structure.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "flimsy" is being used.

The context is about a building during what appears to be an earthquake. CAROLG says: "It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. **sense_key=flimsy%5:00:01:weak:00** | "lacking solidity or strength" | examples: "a flimsy table; flimsy construction"
   - This refers to physical weakness or lack of structural integrity
   - The examples include "flimsy construction" which directly relates to buildings
   - The context describes a building that is "rocking around" during shaking, suggesting it lacks structural strength

2. **sense_key=flimsy%3:00:02::** | "not convincing" | synonyms: unconvincing
   - This is about something not being persuasive or credible
   - The context is not about convincingness - it's about a physical building's structural properties

3. **sense_key=flimsy%5:00:03:insignificant:00** | "lacking substance or significance" | synonyms: fragile, slight, tenuous, thin
   - This is about lacking importance or substance in terms of significance
   - While "fragile" is listed as a synonym, this sense is more about significance than physical structure

The context clearly indicates the speaker is describing the physical characteristics of the building structure - how it was shaking and moving during an earthquake. The building is being described as structurally weak, not well-built. This matches perfectly with sense 1: "lacking solidity or strength" with the example "flimsy construction."

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: structure
Target surface form: structure
Context:
JROE: The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy <t>structure</t>, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=structure%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts | synonyms=construction | examples=the structure consisted of a series of arches; she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons
2. sense_key=structure%1:07:00:: | definition=the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts | examples=artists must study the structure of the human body; the structure of the benzene molecule
3. sense_key=structure%1:09:00:: | definition=the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations | examples=his lectures have no structure
4. sense_key=structure%1:08:00:: | definition=a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing | synonyms=anatomical structure, complex body part, bodily structure, body structure | examples=he has good bone structure
5. sense_key=structure%1:14:00:: | definition=the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships | synonyms=social organization, social organisation, social structure, social system | examples=the social organization of England and America is very different; sociologists have studied the changing structure of the family

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a physical building ("built up on supports") that was shaking during an earthquake. The word "structure" refers to the constructed building itself—a concrete, physical thing composed of various parts (supports, walls, etc.). This matches sense 1: "a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts." The other senses refer to either the arrangement/manner of construction (sense 2), abstract knowledge composition (sense 3), anatomical parts (sense 4), or social systems (sense 5), none of which fit the context of a physical building during an earthquake.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word is "structure" and the sentence is:

"It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around."

This is referring to a building that the speaker and clients are in during an earthquake. The context makes it clear that "structure" is being used to refer to a physical building.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=structure%1:06:00:: - "a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts" - This refers to a constructed object/building itself
2. sense_key=structure%1:07:00:: - "the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts" - This is about how something is constructed, not the thing itself
3. sense_key=structure%1:09:00:: - "the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations" - This is about abstract knowledge structure
4. sense_key=structure%1:08:00:: - "a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing" - This is anatomical, not relevant here
5. sense_key=structure%1:14:00:: - "the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships" - This is social structure, not relevant here

The speaker describes it as "a flimsy structure, built up on supports" - this is clearly referring to a physical building/thing that was constructed. The phrase "it was really rocking around" confirms this is a physical object.

Sense 1 (structure%1:06:00::) seems to be the best fit - it's "a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts" and the examples mention "the structure consisted of a series of arches" which is similar to a building.

Sense 2 is about the manner/arrangement of parts, not the thing itself.

So the answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: build
Target surface form: built
Context:
JROE: The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, <t>built</t> up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=build%2:36:00:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, make | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
2. sense_key=build%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, work up, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
3. sense_key=build%2:36:09:: | definition=build or establish something abstract | synonyms=establish | examples=build a reputation
4. sense_key=build%2:30:02:: | definition=improve the cleansing action of | examples=build detergents
5. sense_key=build%2:41:00:: | definition=order, supervise, or finance the construction of | examples=The government is building new schools in this state
6. sense_key=build%2:36:04:: | definition=give form to, according to a plan | examples=build a modern nation; build a million-dollar business
7. sense_key=build%2:36:10:: | definition=be engaged in building | examples=These architects build in interesting and new styles
8. sense_key=build%2:31:03:: | definition=found or ground | examples=build a defense on nothing but the accused person's reputation
9. sense_key=build%2:30:05:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, work up, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
10. sense_key=build%2:30:10:: | definition=develop and grow | examples=Suspense was building right from the beginning of the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a physical structure that was constructed/made from materials and parts (built up on supports). The speaker is describing the actual physical construction of the building, which corresponds to the sense "make by combining materials and parts" with the synonym "construct."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The sentence is: "It's a flimsy structure, <t>built</t> up on supports, and it was really rocking around."

The word "built" here is describing how the structure was constructed - it was made/constructed up on supports. The speaker is describing the physical construction of the building.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "make by combining materials and parts" - This fits well. The structure was built (constructed) from materials.

2. "form or accumulate steadily" - This doesn't fit. The context isn't about something accumulating over time.

3. "build or establish something abstract" - No, this is about a physical structure, not abstract.

4. "improve the cleansing action of" - No, unrelated.

5. "order, supervise, or finance the construction of" - Possible, but the context is more about the actual physical construction.

6. "give form to, according to a plan" - This could fit - the structure was given form/constructed according to how it was designed.

7. "be engaged in building" - No, this is passive voice describing the result, not someone actively building.

8. "found or ground" - No, not what's meant here.

9. "bolster or strengthen" - No, doesn't fit.

10. "develop and grow" - No, not relevant.

The most straightforward interpretation is sense 1: "make by combining materials and parts" or "construct". The structure was constructed/built up on supports using materials and parts.

Actually, looking more carefully, sense 1 has the definition "make by combining materials and parts" with synonyms "construct, make" which perfectly fits the context of a physical building being constructed.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: supports
Context:
JROE: The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on <t>supports</t>, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

The context describes a building that is "built up on supports" - these are physical devices that bear the weight of the structure. This is a straightforward reference to the structural elements (beams, pillars, etc.) that hold up the building and bear its weight, which matches sense 10: "any device that bears the weight of another thing."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"It's a flimsy structure, built up on <t>supports</t>, and it was really rocking around."

The speaker is describing a building (the flimsy structure) that is built on supports. In this context, "supports" refers to physical structures that hold up the building - like support beams, pillars, or foundations that provide structural support to the building.

Let me go through the candidate senses:

1. sense 1 (support%1:04:04): "the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities" - Not relevant, this is about providing necessities.

2. sense 2 (support%1:04:00): "aiding the cause or policy or interests of" - Not relevant, this is about political/ideological support.

3. sense 3 (support%1:09:00): "something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest" - Not relevant, immaterial assistance.

4. sense 4 (support%1:04:03): "a military operation... to strengthen a military force" - Not relevant, military context.

5. sense 5 (support%1:04:02): "documentary validation" - Not relevant.

6. sense 6 (support%1:21:00): "the financial means whereby one lives" - Not relevant, financial context.

7. sense 7 (support%1:06:01): "supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation" - This seems very relevant! Example: "the statue stood on a marble support". This is about physical structures that hold things up.

8. sense 8 (support%1:04:01): "the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening" - This is about an action/act, but the context is referring to the physical objects themselves.
Sense 9 covers musical accompaniment, which doesn't apply here. Sense 10 describes "any device that bears the weight of another thing" with an example about shelf supports—this is also highly relevant to the physical objects holding up the building. Sense 11 addresses financial resources, which isn't applicable. Between senses 7 and 10, both capture the physical nature of what's being described, though sense 10's emphasis on weight-bearing devices seems most directly aligned with the structural context.

The plural form "supports" in the original phrase matches sense 10's example more closely than sense 7's singular reference. Sense 10 appears to be the strongest match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rock
Target surface form: rocking
Context:
JROE: The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really <t>rocking</t> around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rock%2:38:00:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=sway, shake | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
2. sense_key=rock%2:38:06:: | definition=cause to move back and forth | synonyms=sway | examples=rock the cradle; rock the baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

The target word "rocking" describes the building's involuntary movement during the earthquake—it is moving back and forth. This matches sense 1 ("move back and forth or sideways"), which captures intransitive movement. The context parallels the example "the tall building swayed" provided in sense 1. Sense 2 ("cause to move back and forth") describes deliberate causation and would be inappropriate here, as the building is not being intentionally rocked but rather is undergoing involuntary seismic motion.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine which sense of "rocking" is being used.

The context: "The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway." The speaker is describing a building that "was really rocking around" during what appears to be an earthquake.

The key clues:
1. "the building started shaking like crazy"
2. "It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around"
3. The building is moving involuntarily as a result of earthquake shaking

Now let me examine the two candidate senses:

Sense 1: "move back and forth or sideways" - synonyms: sway, shake | examples: "the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed"
- This describes something moving back and forth
- The examples include "the tall building swayed" which is very similar to the context
- This sense describes the movement that is happening to the building

Sense 2: "cause to move back and forth" - synonyms: sway | examples: "rock the cradle; rock the baby"
- This describes the action of deliberately causing something to move
- It's transitive (someone rocks something)
- In the context, the building is being shaken by an earthquake, not being intentionally rocked

The context clearly describes the building undergoing involuntary movement during an earthquake. The building itself is rocking (moving back and forth), not being caused to rock by someone or something deliberately.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct answer: "move back and forth or sideways" - this is intransitive movement.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stop
Target surface form: stopped
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us <t>stopped</t> breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | examples=Block his election; Halt the process
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | examples=The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | examples=block the way; barricade the streets
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context shows "The three of us stopped breathing for a moment," which describes ceasing or discontinuing the activity of breathing in response to the earthquake. This matches sense 2 "put an end to a state or an activity" with synonyms like "cease" and "discontinue," rather than the physical movement sense or other alternatives.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "stopped" is used:

"The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway."

The context indicates that the people "stopped breathing" - meaning they held their breath or ceased breathing momentarily in response to an earthquake.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "come to a halt, stop moving" - This is about physical movement stopping. "Stopped breathing" could fit here as breathing is a physical action, but it's more about ceasing an action/activity.

2. "put an end to a state or an activity" - This fits well. They stopped breathing (ceased the activity of breathing) for a moment. The synonyms include "discontinue, cease, give up, quit" which align with stopping breathing.

3. "stop from happening or developing" - This is about preventing something. Not really a fit here.

4. "interrupt a trip" - Not relevant.

5. "cause to stop" - This would be transitive, and the context shows reflexive use.

6. "prevent completion" - Not really fitting.

7. "hold back, as of a danger or an enemy" - Not the right sense.

8. "seize on its way" - Not relevant.

9. "have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense" - This is about something ending, which could fit "stopped breathing" in the sense that the breathing temporarily ended.

10. "render unsuitable for passage" - Not relevant.

11. "stop and wait" - Not relevant.

The best fit seems to be sense 2: "put an end to a state or an activity" - They stopped (ceased) breathing for a moment. This means they discontinued the activity of breathing.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 1: "come to a halt, stop moving" - Breathing is movement in a sense (physiological movement), and saying "stopped breathing" could mean breathing came to a halt.

But sense 2 with "discontinue, cease, give up" seems more semantically appropriate for "stopped breathing" - it emphasizes the cessation of an activity rather than just halting movement.
Sense 2 best captures what's happening here—the characters discontinued their breathing momentarily, which aligns with the definition of putting an end to an activity.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: breathe
Target surface form: breathing
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped <t>breathing</t> for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=breathe%2:29:00:: | definition=draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs | synonyms=take a breath, respire, suspire | examples=I can breathe better when the air is clean; The patient is respiring
2. sense_key=breathe%2:42:00:: | definition=be alive | examples=Every creature that breathes
3. sense_key=breathe%2:40:00:: | definition=impart as if by breathing | examples=He breathed new life into the old house
4. sense_key=breathe%2:42:01:: | definition=allow the passage of air through | examples=Our new synthetic fabric breathes and is perfect for summer wear
5. sense_key=breathe%2:32:01:: | definition=utter or tell | examples=not breathe a word
6. sense_key=breathe%2:32:03:: | definition=manifest or evince | examples=She breathes the Christian spirit
7. sense_key=breathe%2:32:00:: | definition=take a short break from one's activities in order to relax | synonyms=rest, catch one's breath, take a breather
8. sense_key=breathe%2:30:03:: | definition=reach full flavor by absorbing air and being let to stand after having been uncorked | examples=This rare Bordeaux must be allowed to breathe for at least 2 hours
9. sense_key=breathe%2:29:01:: | definition=expel (gases or odors) | synonyms=emit, pass off

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes people physically stopping their respiratory activity ("stopped breathing for a moment") during an earthquake. This is the literal physiological act of drawing air into and expelling it from the lungs in response to a shock, matching sense 1: "draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine which sense of "breathe" is being used.

Context: "The three of us stopped <t>breathing</t> for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway."

This is from an account of an earthquake. The speaker is describing how three people physically stopped breathing momentarily during an earthquake.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs" - This is the basic physiological act of breathing
2. "be alive" - A figurative use
3. "impart as if by breathing" - Figurative
4. "allow the passage of air through" - About fabric/materials
5. "utter or tell" - "not breathe a word"
6. "manifest or evince" - "breathes the Christian spirit"
7. "take a short break from one's activities" - "catch one's breath"
8. "reach full flavor by absorbing air" - For wine
9. "expel gases or odors" - Emit

In the context, people are physically reacting to an earthquake. They "stopped breathing for a moment" - this is the literal physical action of inhaling and exhaling air. When someone is shocked or scared, they often hold their breath involuntarily, which is what happened here.

This clearly matches sense 1: "draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs" with the definition about the basic physiological respiratory process. The context shows the literal physical action, not any figurative meaning.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: moment
Target surface form: moment
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a <t>moment</t>, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=moment%1:28:00:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=minute, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
2. sense_key=moment%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=mo, minute, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=moment%1:28:02:: | definition=at this time | synonyms=here and now, present moment | examples=the disappointments of the here and now; she is studying at the moment
4. sense_key=moment%1:07:00:: | definition=having important effects or influence | synonyms=consequence, import | examples=decisions of great consequence are made by the president himself; virtue is of more moment than security
5. sense_key=moment%1:19:00:: | definition=a turning force produced by an object acting at a distance (or a measure of that force)
6. sense_key=moment%1:09:00:: | definition=the n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed value

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes people stopping breathing during an earthquake for a brief, short duration of time. The phrase "stopped breathing for a moment" uses "moment" to mean an indefinitely short period of time, which matches sense 2 ("an indefinitely short time") with its synonyms and example "wait just a moment."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "moment" is being used.

The context is: "The three of us stopped breathing for a <t>moment</t>, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway."

This is referring to a very brief period of time during an earthquake. The speaker and two others stopped breathing for a short amount of time.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "a particular point in time" - This would mean a specific point, like when something happens. Example: "the moment he arrived"

2. "an indefinitely short time" - This refers to a brief, short duration of time. Examples: "wait just a moment; in a mo" - This fits the context perfectly.

3. "at this time" - This is about the present moment or current time. Example: "she is studying at the moment"

4. "having important effects or influence" - This is about importance/consequence, not about time.

5. "a turning force produced by an object" - This is a physics term, not relevant here.

6. "the n-th moment of a distribution" - This is a statistical/mathematical term, not relevant here.

In the given context, "stopped breathing for a moment" clearly refers to a short, indefinite period of time. This best matches sense 2, which is defined as "an indefinitely short time" with synonyms like "mo, minute, second, bit" and examples like "wait just a moment".

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: kept
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it <t>kept</t> on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "kept on coming" in the context of the earthquake "continuing to occur" clearly matches sense 2 (continue a certain state, condition, or activity). The synonyms "continue, go on, proceed" and the example "Keep on working!" directly parallel the usage here, where "kept on coming" means the earthquake "continued to come/shake."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "kept" is used:

"The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway."

The context is about an earthquake. The building was shaking, and "it kept on coming" refers to the earthquake continuing/persisting.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: - keep in a certain state, position, or activity - doesn't fit well
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: - continue a certain state, condition, or activity - This seems very relevant! "Keep on coming" means "continue to come"
   - Synonyms: continue, go on, proceed, go along
   - Examples: Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
   - This matches perfectly!

The phrase "kept on coming" is essentially the same as "continued to come" or "went on coming". The earthquake kept shaking/coming continuously.

This is clearly sense 2, which is about continuing an action or state.

Let me verify there are no other better fits:
- Sense 4 is about preventing/stopping, which is the opposite
- Sense 14 is about keeping under control, not relevant
- Sense 15 is about maintaining safety, not relevant

Yes, sense 2 (keep%2:42:07::) is the best fit. The index would be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: coming
Context:
The Sunset -LCB- District -RCB- was more or less like a pajama party all evening, lots of people & dogs walking around, drinking beer. 6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on <t>coming</t> we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session!

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 3}

The word "coming" in this context refers to the earthquake continuing to occur or happen. When the speaker says "when it kept on coming," they mean when the shaking kept happening/continuing. This matches sense 3: "come to pass; arrive, as in due course" - meaning to happen or occur. The earthquake is an event that happens and continues to happen, prompting them to lunge for the doorway.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully:

"The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on <t>coming</t> we lunged for the doorway."

The context is describing an earthquake that was "shaking" and "rocking around." The speaker says "when it kept on coming" they lunged for the doorway.

Here "coming" refers to the continuation of the earthquake - it's continuing to happen, to keep arriving/continuing.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody" - This is about physical movement toward a destination. In the context, the earthquake isn't moving toward them; it's continuing to happen.

2. "reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress" - Also about reaching a destination, doesn't fit.

3. "come to pass; arrive, as in due course" - This means "happen" or "occur". This could fit! The earthquake "came" (happened, occurred).

4. "reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position" - About entering a state, not quite right.

5. "to be the product or result" - Not about causation here.

6. "be found or available" - Not applicable.

7. "come forth" - Could mean to emerge, but not quite the right meaning.

8. "be a native of" - Not relevant.

9. "extend or reach" - Not applicable.

10. "exist or occur in a certain point in a series" - About sequence, not quite.

11. "cover a certain distance" - Not applicable.

12. "come under, be classified or included" - Not applicable.

13. "happen as a result" - This is about something happening as a result, which could work.

14. "add up in number or quantity" - Not applicable.
15. "develop into" - Not applicable.

16. "be received" - Not applicable.

17. "come to one's mind; suggest itself" - Not applicable.

18. "come from; be connected by a relationship" - Not applicable.

19. "proceed or get along" - Not applicable.

20. "experience orgasm" - Not applicable.

21. "have a certain priority" - Not applicable.

Sense 3 seems most fitting: "come to pass; arrive, as in due course" captures the earthquake continuing to occur. When the tremors persisted, they rushed toward the doorway for safety.

Comparing sense 3 against sense 13 ("happen as a result"), the distinction is clear—the earthquake wasn't happening as a consequence of something else, but rather simply ongoing. So sense 3 is the answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to <t>say</t>, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "Needless to say" is an idiomatic expression meaning "it is unnecessary to state" or "it goes without saying." In this context, "say" refers to the act of expressing or stating something in words. The sense that best fits is the basic sense of expressing ideas verbally ("express in words"), even though the entire phrase is formulaic and used to indicate that something is obvious without needing explicit statement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the phrase "Needless to say" to determine which sense of "say" is being used.

The phrase "Needless to say" is an idiomatic expression that means "it goes without saying" or "it is obvious that." The word "say" here is being used in a way that doesn't involve actual speech or utterance of words.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "express in words" - This is about actual expression through words. Not quite right for the idiomatic use.

2. "report or maintain" - This is about stating/claiming something. Could fit but doesn't quite capture the idiom.

3. "express a supposition" - This involves assuming or supposing. Not the right sense.

4. "have or contain a certain wording or form" - This is about what text/writing contains, like "What does the law say?" Not quite right.

5. "give instructions to or direct somebody" - This is about commanding. Not applicable.

6. "speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way" - This is about pronunciation. Not right.

7. "communicate or express nonverbally" - This is about expressing meaning without words. Examples include "What does this painting say?" This could work for an idiom.

8. "utter aloud" - This is about actual pronunciation. Not applicable.

9. "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - This is about stating opinion. Could work.

10. "recite or repeat a fixed text" - This is about repetition. Not applicable.

11. "indicate" - Examples: "The clock says noon" - This is about something indicating or showing.

In the phrase "Needless to say," we're using "say" in a non-literal sense. It means "it is unnecessary/needless to point out" or "it need not be stated."

The closest sense would be either:
- Sense 7 (communicate nonverbally) - which treats "say" metaphorically
- Sense 11 (indicate) - which treats "say" as showing/indicating

The idiom fundamentally relies on "say" meaning to express or state something, so sense 1 (express in words) fits best, even though the phrase itself is formulaic and doesn't require actual utterance.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: session
Target surface form: session
Context:
6:50 a.m. CAROLG: I was just sitting down to meet with some new therapy clients, a couple, and the building started shaking like crazy. It's a flimsy structure, built up on supports, and it was really rocking around. The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first <t>session</t>! 7:13 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=session%1:10:00:: | definition=a meeting for execution of a group's functions | examples=it was the opening session of the legislature
2. sense_key=session%1:28:00:: | definition=the time during which a school holds classes | synonyms=school term, academic term, academic session | examples=they had to shorten the school term
3. sense_key=session%1:04:00:: | definition=a meeting devoted to a particular activity | examples=a filming session; a gossip session
4. sense_key=session%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of spiritualists | synonyms=seance, sitting | examples=the seance was held in the medium's parlor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes a therapy appointment with new clients. The speaker refers to this meeting as "an interesting first session," which clearly indicates a meeting devoted to a particular activity (therapy). This matches sense 3: "a meeting devoted to a particular activity" with examples like "a filming session; a gossip session." A therapy session fits this pattern precisely.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "session" in this passage.

The context describes:
- CAROLG is about to meet with "new therapy clients, a couple"
- They were having what would be "an interesting first session"
- This is clearly referring to the first meeting/appointment with these therapy clients

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=session%1:10:00:: - "a meeting for execution of a group's functions" - This refers to formal proceedings like a legislature meeting. Not applicable here.

2. sense_key=session%1:28:00:: - "the time during which a school holds classes" - This is about academic terms. Not applicable here.

3. sense_key=session%1:04:00:: - "a meeting devoted to a particular activity" - Examples include "a filming session; a gossip session". This describes a meeting for a specific purpose/activity. A therapy session would fit this definition perfectly.

4. sense_key=session%1:14:00:: - "a meeting of spiritualists" - This is about seances/spiritualism. Not applicable here.

The context clearly indicates this is a therapy meeting - "meet with some new therapy clients, a couple" - this is a "session" devoted to the particular activity of therapy. This matches sense 3 perfectly.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trouble
Target surface form: trouble
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest <t>trouble</t> was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trouble%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=problem | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=trouble%1:11:01:: | definition=an angry disturbance | synonyms=fuss, bother, hassle | examples=he didn't want to make a fuss; they had labor trouble
3. sense_key=trouble%1:11:00:: | definition=an event causing distress or pain | examples=what is the trouble?; heart trouble
4. sense_key=trouble%1:04:02:: | definition=an effort that is inconvenient | synonyms=difficulty | examples=I went to a lot of trouble; he won without any trouble
5. sense_key=trouble%1:12:03:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=worry | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills
6. sense_key=trouble%1:26:02:: | definition=an unwanted pregnancy | examples=he got several girls in trouble

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "trouble" refers to the scared family who couldn't reach anyone by phone, which is presented as a source of difficulty or a problem in the described situation. This aligns with sense 1's definition of "a source of difficulty" with the synonym "problem."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "trouble" is being used.

The context is: "Biggest <t>trouble</t> was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing."

The speaker is describing what was the biggest problem/difficulty in a situation. The "trouble" refers to scared family members who couldn't get through on the phone - this is a source of difficulty or a problem in the situation being described.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "a source of difficulty" with examples like "one trouble after another delayed the job" - This fits well. The trouble is a source of difficulty (scared family unable to reach others).

2. "an angry disturbance" with synonyms fuss, bother, hassle - This could work with "bother" but it doesn't seem like there's an angry disturbance happening. It's more about the problem/difficulty.

3. "an event causing distress or pain" - This could fit, but it's more about the event itself rather than the source of difficulty.

4. "an effort that is inconvenient" - This doesn't fit as well. It's not about effort.

5. "a strong feeling of anxiety" (worry) - This could fit since the family was scared and worried, but the context says "the trouble was scared family" - it's talking about the family as the trouble, not the feeling itself.

6. "an unwanted pregnancy" - Clearly not relevant.

The best fit is sense 1: "a source of difficulty" - The scared family who couldn't get a phone line through is presented as the main problem/difficulty that occurred. This is the most direct interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spend
Target surface form: spent
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and <t>spent</t> a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spend%2:42:00:: | definition=pass time in a specific way | synonyms=pass | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
2. sense_key=spend%2:40:00:: | definition=pay out | synonyms=expend, drop | examples=spend money
3. sense_key=spend%2:40:01:: | definition=spend completely | examples=I spend my pocket money in two days

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context shows "spent a really horrible hour not knowing" - meaning the family passed or experienced an hour in a horrible way. This matches sense 1 (pass time in a specific way), which is synonymous with the verb "pass" and exemplified by similar temporal expressions like "spending your summer vacation."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The sentence is: "and spent a really horrible hour not knowing"

The family "spent a really horrible hour not knowing." This means they passed an hour doing something (worrying, being anxious about not knowing what was happening).

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=spend%2:42:00:: | definition=pass time in a specific way | synonyms=pass | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
   - This is about passing time in a specific way
   - The example shows "how are you spending your summer vacation?" which is similar to our context
   - In the context, "spent a really horrible hour" means they passed/experienced an hour in a horrible way

2. sense_key=spend%2:40:00:: | definition=pay out | synonyms=expend, drop | examples=spend money
   - This is about paying out money or expending resources
   - Doesn't fit the context at all - they're not spending money

3. sense_key=spend%2:40:01:: | definition=spend completely | examples=I spend my pocket money in two days
   - This is about completely using up/exhausting something
   - This could fit partially, as they exhausted/used up an hour, but it's more about using something completely

The best fit is sense 1 - "pass time in a specific way". The family spent (passed) a horrible hour, meaning they went through/experienced an hour in a horrible manner while not knowing what was happening.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hour
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible <t>hour</t> not knowing. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The target word "hour" in the phrase "spent a really horrible hour not knowing" refers to a special and memorable period. The context emphasizes the emotional weight of the experience—the family's anxiety and distress during the time they didn't know where their daughter was. The adjective "horrible" qualifies this as a significant, emotionally charged period rather than merely a neutral unit of time.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The sentence is: "and spent a really horrible hour not knowing"

This is describing a period of time during which the family spent time worrying, not knowing where their daughter was.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
   - This refers to a specific unit of time (60 minutes)

2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
   - This refers to what time it is on the clock

3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
   - This refers to an important or significant time period

4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away
   - This refers to distance expressed as time to travel

In the context, "spent a really horrible hour not knowing" - this is describing a period of time that felt particularly bad/significant. However, is it sense 1 (a simple unit of time) or sense 3 (a special/memorable period)?

The word "horrible" modifies the hour, which suggests it was an emotionally significant or unpleasant period. This sounds more like sense 3 than sense 1.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Spent a really horrible hour not knowing" could be interpreted as either:
- A literal period of approximately 60 minutes that was horrible (sense 1)
- A memorable/special (in this case, unpleasantly memorable) period (sense 3)
The emphasis on how awful the experience was points toward sense 3—the definition capturing a significant, emotionally charged moment rather than just a neutral measurement of time.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knowing
Context:
The three of us stopped breathing for a moment, and then when it kept on coming we lunged for the doorway. Needless to say, it was an interesting first session! 7:13 a.m. CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not <t>knowing</t>. 8:01 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a family who "spent a really horrible hour not knowing" during an emergency when they couldn't get through on phone lines. They lacked information about what was happening—they were uninformed and without knowledge. This directly matches sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about." The negation "not knowing" emphasizes the absence of this factual knowledge during the crisis.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "knowing":

Context: "spent a really horrible hour not knowing" - This is referring to a family who couldn't get a phone line through during an emergency situation with the Albany earthquake.

The family spent a horrible hour "not knowing" what was happening - they were in a state of uncertainty about the situation, unable to get information about whether their family members were safe.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - This fits well. They were "not knowing" means they lacked knowledge/information about the situation.

2. "know how to do or perform something" - Doesn't fit. They're not talking about lacking a skill.

3. "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something" - Could fit, but it's more about conviction than about having information.

4. "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - Doesn't fit well.

5. "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" - Could fit, as they're experiencing the state of not knowing.

6. "accept (someone) to be what is claimed" - Doesn't fit.

7. "have fixed in the mind" - Doesn't fit.

8. "have sexual intercourse with" - Obviously not.

9. "know the nature or character of" - Doesn't fit.

10. "be able to distinguish, recognize as being different" - Doesn't fit.

11. "perceive as familiar" - Doesn't fit.

The best fit is sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about." The family couldn't get phone lines through, so they spent a horrible hour "not knowing" - lacking information about the situation.

Sense 5 could also work, but sense 1 is more directly about lacking information/knowledge, which is the core meaning in this context.
Sense 1 is the answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn <t>started</t> rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The lawn "started rolling" means the rolling motion began at a particular moment in time. This matches sense 4 ("have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense"), where an event or action begins at a specific point. The example "The second movement begins after the Allegro" is parallel—both describe something coming into being at a temporal point. The context emphasizes the moment when the earthquake's rolling motion commenced ("when the lawn started rolling").

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "started":

The sentence is: "We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet."

Wait, let me re-read the target context more carefully:

"Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn <t>started</t> rolling like ocean waves."

So the subject is "the lawn" and the verb is "started rolling". This is describing the lawn beginning to move/roll.

Let me consider the senses:

1. "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - This is about someone beginning an action they are doing. Not quite right.

2. "set in motion, cause to start" - This would be more about someone causing something. The lawn wasn't caused to roll by anyone directly.

3. "leave" - Not applicable here.

4. "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" - The lawn began to roll. This fits - the rolling action began/commenced.

5. "bring into being" - Not quite right.

6. "get off the ground" - Could work, but more idiomatic.

7. "move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm" - Not really surprise here.

8. "get going or set in motion" - This could work - the lawn began to move.

9. "begin or set in motion" - This is similar to 8.

10. "begin work or acting in a certain capacity" - Not applicable.

11. "play in the starting lineup" - Not applicable.

12. "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - Similar to 4.

13. "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object" - Could work.

14. "bulge outward" - Not applicable.

The lawn "started rolling" means the rolling motion began.

The rolling motion of the lawn commenced, which aligns with sense 4 ("have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense") as shown in examples like "The DMZ begins right over the hill." Sense 9 ("begin or set in motion") also works, though sense 4 better captures the intransitive nature of the lawn's rolling beginning on its own. Sense 4 captures this better—the rolling action had a beginning at a specific moment in time. That's the most precise fit for how "begin" is used in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: roll
Target surface form: rolling
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started <t>rolling</t> like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=roll%2:38:00:: | definition=move by turning over or rotating | synonyms=turn over | examples=The child rolled down the hill; turn over on your left side
2. sense_key=roll%2:38:01:: | definition=move along on or as if on wheels or a wheeled vehicle | synonyms=wheel | examples=The President's convoy rolled past the crowds
3. sense_key=roll%2:42:00:: | definition=occur in soft rounded shapes | synonyms=undulate | examples=The hills rolled past
4. sense_key=roll%2:35:05:: | definition=flatten or spread with a roller | synonyms=roll out | examples=roll out the paper
5. sense_key=roll%2:39:00:: | definition=emit, produce, or utter with a deep prolonged reverberating sound | examples=The thunder rolled; rolling drums
6. sense_key=roll%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange or or coil around | synonyms=wind, wrap, twine | examples=roll your hair around your finger; Twine the thread around the spool
7. sense_key=roll%2:35:01:: | definition=begin operating or running | examples=The cameras were rolling; The presses are already rolling
8. sense_key=roll%2:30:10:: | definition=shape by rolling | examples=roll a cigarette
9. sense_key=roll%2:29:06:: | definition=execute a roll, in tumbling | examples=The gymnasts rolled and jumped
10. sense_key=roll%2:40:00:: | definition=sell something to or obtain something from by energetic and especially underhanded activity | synonyms=hustle, pluck
11. sense_key=roll%2:38:10:: | definition=move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion | synonyms=undulate, flap, wave | examples=The curtains undulated; the waves rolled towards the beach
12. sense_key=roll%2:38:09:: | definition=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment | synonyms=wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam, cast | examples=The gypsies roamed the woods; roving vagabonds
13. sense_key=roll%2:38:12:: | definition=move, rock, or sway from side to side | examples=The ship rolled on the heavy seas
14. sense_key=roll%2:38:11:: | definition=cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner of as if on an axis | synonyms=revolve | examples=She rolled the ball; They rolled their eyes at his words
15. sense_key=roll%2:32:00:: | definition=pronounce with a roll, of the phoneme /r/ | examples=She rolls her r's
16. sense_key=roll%2:30:08:: | definition=boil vigorously | synonyms=seethe | examples=The liquid was seething; The water rolled
17. sense_key=roll%2:30:06:: | definition=take the shape of a roll or cylinder | examples=the carpet rolled out; Yarn rolls well
18. sense_key=roll%2:30:07:: | definition=show certain properties when being rolled | synonyms=roll up | examples=The carpet rolls unevenly; dried-out tobacco rolls badly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

The context describes the lawn moving "like ocean waves," which indicates a wavy, undulating motion with rising and falling movements. Sense 11 ("move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion") with its synonym "undulate" and example of waves rolling perfectly captures this earthquake-induced wave-like movement of the ground, rather than simple rotation (sense 1), rocking side-to-side (sense 13), or the shape of terrain (sense 3).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is: "Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves."

The lawn is described as rolling "like ocean waves" - this suggests a wavy, undulating motion. The grass/earth beneath them is moving in a wave-like pattern due to an earthquake.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. sense 1: "move by turning over or rotating" - not quite right, not about rotation
2. sense 2: "move along on or as if on wheels" - not relevant
3. sense 3: "occur in soft rounded shapes" with synonym "undulate" - this could fit
4. sense 4-6: not relevant
5. sense 11: "move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion" - synonyms: undulate, flap, wave. Example: "the waves rolled towards the beach"
6. sense 13: "move, rock, or sway from side to side" - this could also fit

The key phrase is "rolling like ocean waves" - this suggests undulation or wavy motion.

Sense 3 says "occur in soft rounded shapes" with examples about hills rolling past - this is about the appearance/shape.

Sense 11 says "move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion" with examples "the waves rolled towards the beach" - this is about the actual motion in waves.

Sense 13 says "move, rock, or sway from side to side" - this is more about rocking.

Given the comparison to "ocean waves," sense 11 ("move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion") seems most appropriate. The lawn is moving in a wavy, undulating pattern like ocean waves, not just existing in rounded shapes (sense 3) or swaying side to side (sense 13).

The answer should be sense 11.