[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
The justices agreed to hear the suit; indeed, a landmark 5.5 - hour argument is expected in March, and the outcome is likely to further roil the 2012 presidential race, which will be in full swing by the time the court's decision is released. The lawyer who will stand before the court and argue that the law should be thrown out is likely to be Paul Clement, who served as U.S. solicitor general during the George W. Bush administration. Clement's law firm, Bancroft PLLC, was one of almost two dozen firms that helped sponsor the annual dinner of the Federalist Society, a longstanding group dedicated to advocating conservative legal principles. Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the <t>case</t>. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly indicates a legal proceeding before the Supreme Court involving a lawsuit about healthcare law. The phrase "the court's conference over the case" refers to judicial proceedings, which directly matches sense 3's definition: "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" with synonyms including "lawsuit, suit, cause."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "case" in this sentence:

"The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case."

The context is clearly about:
1. A legal matter being heard by the Supreme Court
2. A suit about healthcare law
3. A lawyer preparing to argue before the court
4. The outcome of litigation

Looking at the sentence structure, "the case" refers to the legal proceedings being discussed throughout the paragraph.

Let me review the relevant senses:

1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: - "an occurrence of something" - too general
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: - "a special set of circumstances" - not quite right
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: - "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" - This matches perfectly! The synonyms are lawsuit, suit, cause. The context is about a legal proceeding/lawsuit.
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: - "the actual state of things" - not right
5-20. Various other senses about physical containers, people, etc. - not relevant

The best match is clearly sense 3 (case%1:04:00::), which defines case as "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" with synonyms including "lawsuit, suit, cause, causa."

This is a legal case being heard by the Supreme Court, so sense 3 is the clear answer.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendance
Target surface form: attendance
Context:
The lawyer who will stand before the court and argue that the law should be thrown out is likely to be Paul Clement, who served as U.S. solicitor general during the George W. Bush administration. Clement's law firm, Bancroft PLLC, was one of almost two dozen firms that helped sponsor the annual dinner of the Federalist Society, a longstanding group dedicated to advocating conservative legal principles. Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In <t>attendance</t> was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "In attendance was..." indicates that Mitch McConnell was present at the event. This usage directly corresponds to sense 1, which defines attendance as "the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)" The context is describing who was present at the Federalist Society dinner, not the frequency of presence or the total count of attendees.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "attendance" is being used.

The sentence reads: "In <t>attendance</t> was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law."

This phrasing "In attendance was..." means that Mitch McConnell was present at the event.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
   - This refers to the act of being present at an event
   - The phrase "In attendance" means "present at" - this fits perfectly

2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
   - This refers to frequency/regularity of being present
   - This is about how often someone is present (e.g., in the context of school)
   - This doesn't fit the context

3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent
   - This refers to the count/number of people present
   - While this could potentially fit if we're talking about the number of attendees, the usage "In attendance was" is more about identifying who was present, not counting them
   - This doesn't fit as well

The best fit is sense 1, which refers to "the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)" - the phrase "In attendance was Mitch McConnell" means "Present at the dinner was Mitch McConnell."

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: senate
Target surface form: Senate
Context:
The lawyer who will stand before the court and argue that the law should be thrown out is likely to be Paul Clement, who served as U.S. solicitor general during the George W. Bush administration. Clement's law firm, Bancroft PLLC, was one of almost two dozen firms that helped sponsor the annual dinner of the Federalist Society, a longstanding group dedicated to advocating conservative legal principles. Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the <t>Senate</t>'s top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=senate%1:14:00:: | definition=assembly possessing high legislative powers
2. sense_key=senate%1:14:01:: | definition=the upper house of the United States Congress | synonyms=United States Senate, U.S. Senate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly refers to the United States Senate, as evidenced by:
1. Mitch McConnell is identified as "the Senate's top Republican" - he was a U.S. Senator and Senate Republican Leader
2. The passage discusses U.S. politics, U.S. Congress, and American government institutions
3. The phrase refers to the upper house structure of the U.S. legislative system

This matches sense 2: "the upper house of the United States Congress"

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "Senate" in the given passage.

The context mentions:
"Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law."

Key contextual clues:
1. Mitch McConnell is mentioned as "the Senate's top Republican" - McConnell is a U.S. Senator and Republican leader
2. The passage discusses U.S. politics and law (healthcare law, U.S. solicitor general, Bush administration, U.S. Congress references)
3. The Senate's "top Republican" refers to a leadership position within the United States Senate

Now let's look at the two candidate senses:
1. sense_key=senate%1:14:00:: | definition=assembly possessing high legislative powers
2. sense_key=senate%1:14:01:: | definition=the upper house of the United States Congress | synonyms=United States Senate, U.S. Senate

Sense 1 is a general definition of any senate as a legislative assembly.
Sense 2 is specifically about the upper house of the United States Congress.

Given that:
- The context is clearly about U.S. politics
- Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator (upper house)
- The passage discusses the U.S. Congress context
- The phrase "the Senate's top Republican" specifically refers to the U.S. Senate, where McConnell held leadership positions (he was Senate Majority Leader and Republican Leader)

The best sense is #2 - the upper house of the United States Congress.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opponent
Target surface form: opponent
Context:
The lawyer who will stand before the court and argue that the law should be thrown out is likely to be Paul Clement, who served as U.S. solicitor general during the George W. Bush administration. Clement's law firm, Bancroft PLLC, was one of almost two dozen firms that helped sponsor the annual dinner of the Federalist Society, a longstanding group dedicated to advocating conservative legal principles. Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed <t>opponent</t> of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes Mitch McConnell as "an avowed opponent of the healthcare law," indicating someone who actively opposes and resists the law. This matches sense 2 ("someone who offers opposition"), which is further supported by synonyms like "adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister." Sense 1 ("a contestant matched against") refers to direct competitive scenarios and doesn't apply here, as McConnell is not in a direct contest with the law itself.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "opponent" is being used.

The target word is "opponent" in the phrase: "an avowed opponent of the healthcare law"

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

In the context, Mitch McConnell is described as "an avowed opponent of the healthcare law." This means he actively opposes the healthcare law and shows resistance to it.

Sense 1 (contestant matched against) would imply a direct competition or match scenario, like in sports or a direct contest.

Sense 2 (someone who offers opposition) is more general and refers to someone who actively opposes or resists something. The synonyms "adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister" all fit well with the context of someone who opposes a law.

The phrase "avowed opponent of the healthcare law" clearly indicates someone who opposes the law through their stance and position. This is not about being matched in a direct contest, but about offering opposition to the law.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

The sense index for sense 2 would be: sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: which is the second sense listed, so the index would be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: guest
Target surface form: guests
Context:
Clement's law firm, Bancroft PLLC, was one of almost two dozen firms that helped sponsor the annual dinner of the Federalist Society, a longstanding group dedicated to advocating conservative legal principles. Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured <t>guests</t> at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=guest%1:18:00:: | definition=a visitor to whom hospitality is extended | synonyms=invitee
2. sense_key=guest%1:18:02:: | definition=United States journalist (born in England) noted for his syndicated homey verse (1881-1959) | synonyms=Edgar Guest, Edgar Albert Guest
3. sense_key=guest%1:18:01:: | definition=a customer of a hotel or restaurant etc.
4. sense_key=guest%1:06:00:: | definition=(computer science) any computer that is hooked up to a computer network | synonyms=node, client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "guests" in this context refers to Scalia and Thomas as invited attendees at the dinner who are receiving hospitality. This matches sense 1: "a visitor to whom hospitality is extended," as they are the featured invitees at a formal dinner event. Sense 3 (customers of a hotel/restaurant) would not apply here since these are invited guests of honor rather than paying customers, and the other senses are clearly irrelevant.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "guests" (plural of guest).

Context: The passage talks about a dinner sponsored by law firms and companies. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel, and various people were in attendance. The passage then says "The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas."

So we're looking at people who are attending a dinner event. Let me check each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=guest%1:18:00:: - "a visitor to whom hospitality is extended" | synonyms=invitee
   This is someone invited as a visitor. In the context of a dinner, the featured speakers/attendees would be guests to whom hospitality is extended.

2. sense_key=guest%1:18:02:: - "United States journalist (born in England) noted for his syndicated homey verse (1881-1959)" | synonyms=Edgar Guest, Edgar Albert Guest
   This is a proper noun referring to a specific person. Not relevant here.

3. sense_key=guest%1:18:01:: - "a customer of a hotel or restaurant etc."
   This refers to paying customers. While the dinner was at a hotel, Scalia and Thomas are described as "featured guests" at the dinner - they're not customers, they're attendees invited to be the featured/notable people.

4. sense_key=guest%1:06:00:: - "(computer science) any computer that is hooked up to a computer network"
   This is clearly not relevant in this context.

The most appropriate sense is sense 1 - "a visitor to whom hospitality is extended" (an invitee). Scalia and Thomas are the featured guests at the dinner, meaning they are invited and receive hospitality as guests of the event.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dinner
Target surface form: dinner
Context:
Clement's law firm, Bancroft PLLC, was one of almost two dozen firms that helped sponsor the annual dinner of the Federalist Society, a longstanding group dedicated to advocating conservative legal principles. Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the <t>dinner</t>? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dinner%1:13:00:: | definition=the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday | examples=dinner will be at 8; on Sundays they had a large dinner when they returned from church
2. sense_key=dinner%1:14:00:: | definition=a party of people assembled to have dinner together | synonyms=dinner party | examples=guests should never be late to a dinner party

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes an organized formal event with sponsors, attendees, and featured guests held at a Washington hotel. This is a structured social gathering—a dinner party—rather than simply a meal. The phrases "the annual dinner of the Federalist Society," the mention of sponsoring firms, and the description of attendees and featured guests all indicate this is sense 2: a party of people assembled to have dinner together.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "dinner" is being used.

The context describes:
- "the annual dinner of the Federalist Society"
- "Another firm that sponsored the dinner"
- "The dinner was held at a Washington hotel"
- "In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell..."
- "The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas."

The key details:
1. This is an event/gathering organized by the Federalist Society
2. Multiple firms sponsored it
3. It was held at a hotel
4. Many important people attended (McConnell, Scalia, Thomas, etc.)
5. It's described as an "annual dinner" which is an event

Sense 1: "the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday" - This is the meal itself.

Sense 2: "a party of people assembled to have dinner together" / "dinner party" - This is a social event/gathering of people assembled to have dinner together.

Looking at the context, the passage is talking about an organized event with sponsors, attendees, and featured guests. The dinner is being described as an event that people attend, firms sponsor, and prominent figures are featured guests at. This is characteristic of a formal social gathering rather than just a meal.

The term "annual dinner" is commonly used to describe formal social events. The fact that it's held at a hotel, has sponsors, and featured guests all point to this being a structured event/party.

Sense 2 seems to be the better fit because this is describing a dinner party/formal gathering of people, not just the meal itself.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: justice
Target surface form: justices
Context:
Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two <t>justices</t> have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=justice%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being just or fair | synonyms=justness
2. sense_key=justice%1:04:00:: | definition=judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments
3. sense_key=justice%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=judge, jurist
4. sense_key=justice%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870 | synonyms=Department of Justice, Justice Department, DoJ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 3}

The word "justices" in this context refers to Scalia and Thomas as Supreme Court justices—individual public officials authorized to decide cases brought before the court. The passage discusses their attendance at Federalist Society events and potential ethical concerns related to their judicial roles. This matches sense 3, which defines justice as "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice" with synonyms judge and jurist.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "justices" in this passage.

The passage discusses:
- A court case about a healthcare law
- Supreme Court Justices Scalia and Thomas
- The Federalist Society
- Ethics rules regarding these justices

The target word is "justices" - it appears in the phrase "The two <t>justices</t> have been attending Federalist Society events for years."

This is clearly referring to Scalia and Thomas as judges/justices of the court, specifically Supreme Court justices.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=justice%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being just or fair | synonyms=justness
   - This is about the abstract concept of justice, not about people.

2. sense_key=justice%1:04:00:: | definition=judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments
   - This is about the act of judging, not about the people who are judges.

3. sense_key=justice%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=judge, jurist
   - This is about a person who is a judge/justice - this fits perfectly! Scalia and Thomas are public officials (Supreme Court justices) authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice.

4. sense_key=justice%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws... | synonyms=Department of Justice, Justice Department, DoJ
   - This is about the Department of Justice, not about individual judges.

The correct answer is clearly sense 3, which defines a justice as "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice" with synonyms "judge, jurist". This is exactly what Scalia and Thomas are - they are Supreme Court justices.
The answer is sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: event
Target surface form: events
Context:
Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society <t>events</t> for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=event%1:03:00:: | definition=something that happens at a given place and time
2. sense_key=event%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=case | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=event%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
4. sense_key=event%1:19:01:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "events" in this context refers to actual occasions or gatherings organized by the Federalist Society that the justices attended. This corresponds to sense 1: "something that happens at a given place and time" - a straightforward reference to social/professional gatherings or occurrences.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "events" is being used.

The sentence is: "The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=event%1:03:00:: | definition=something that happens at a given place and time
   - This is a general definition for an occurrence or happening

2. sense_key=event%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=case | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
   - This is about a set of circumstances or a case

3. sense_key=event%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
   - This is a physics/relativity term, clearly not appropriate here

4. sense_key=event%1:19:01:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, issue, upshot
   - This is about consequences or results of something

In the context "attending Federalist Society events for years," the word "events" refers to meetings, gatherings, or occasions organized by the Federalist Society. This is clearly sense 1 - something that happens at a given place and time. It refers to actual occurrences or occasions that people attend.

Sense 2 is about "in that event" meaning "in that case" - not applicable here.
Sense 3 is physics jargon - not applicable.
Sense 4 is about consequences - not applicable.

The best answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: years
Target surface form: years
Context:
Another firm that sponsored the dinner, Jones Day, represents one of the trade associations that challenged the law, the National Federation of Independent Business. Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for <t>years</t>. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=years%1:28:00:: | definition=a late time of life | synonyms=old age, age, eld, geezerhood | examples=old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years
2. sense_key=years%1:28:01:: | definition=a prolonged period of time | synonyms=long time, age | examples=we've known each other for ages; I haven't been there for years and years
3. sense_key=years%1:28:02:: | definition=the time during which someone's life continues | synonyms=days | examples=the monarch's last days; in his final years
4. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=year, twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
5. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | synonyms=year | examples=a school year
6. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | synonyms=year | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
7. sense_key=class%1:14:04:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class, year | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "years" is being used.

The sentence is: "The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years."

This is clearly referring to a prolonged or extended period of time - not a specific number of calendar years, but rather an indefinite long stretch of time.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=years%1:28:00:: - "a late time of life" (old age) - Not applicable. This is about old age/senior years of life, which is not what's meant here.

2. sense_key=years%1:28:01:: - "a prolonged period of time" (long time, age) - This fits perfectly. The examples given are "we've known each other for ages; I haven't been there for years and years" - this matches the context.

3. sense_key=years%1:28:02:: - "the time during which someone's life continues" (days) - This refers to someone's lifetime, which is not what's meant in this context.

4. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: - "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - This refers to specific calendar years, which is too concrete for this usage.

5. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: - "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year" - Not applicable.

6. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: - "the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun" - Not applicable.

7. sense_key=class%1:14:04:: - "a body of students who graduate together" - Not applicable.

The best match is sense 2: "a prolonged period of time" because the context shows that the justices have been attending these events for an extended, unspecified length of time. This is consistent with the synonym "long time" and the examples provided.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rule
Target surface form: rules
Context:
Another sponsor was pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc, which has an enormous financial stake in the outcome of the litigation. The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics <t>rules</t>. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation
2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example | synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula | examples=the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception
3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice | synonyms=linguistic rule
5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=principle | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. sense_key=rule%1:28:00:: | definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. sense_key=rule%1:26:00:: | definition=dominance or power through legal authority | synonyms=dominion | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa; the rule of Caesar
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02:: | definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. sense_key=rule%1:10:03:: | definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. sense_key=rule%1:09:02:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=principle | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:04:: | definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | synonyms=formula | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs; he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials
12. sense_key=rule%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths | synonyms=ruler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes "ethics rules" that govern the conduct of federal justices. The phrase refers to prescribed guidelines or regulations that define standards for ethical behavior. Sense 3 ("prescribed guide for conduct or action") is the best fit, as it directly captures the meaning of formal ethical guidelines that prescribe how people should act. This is further confirmed by the immediately following explanation about the Code of Conduct.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "rules" in this passage.

Context analysis:
The passage discusses justices Scalia and Thomas attending Federalist Society events. The key phrase is: "It's nothing that runs afoul of ethics <t>rules</t>."

This clearly refers to ethical guidelines or regulations that govern conduct. The passage then explains: "In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices."

So "rules" here refers to prescribed guidelines for ethical conduct.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation
   - This is about principles or conditions that govern behavior. This seems relevant.

2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example
   - This doesn't fit; it's about patterns or norms as examples.

3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
   - This is about prescribed guides for conduct or action. This seems very relevant.

4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing a linguistic practice
   - Not relevant; this is about linguistic rules.

5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true
   - Not the best fit.

6-12: These are clearly not about ethical conduct guidelines.

The best candidates are:
- Sense 1 (rule%1:09:00::): "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior"
- Sense 3 (rule%1:10:00::): "prescribed guide for conduct or action"

Looking at the context, "ethics rules" refers to prescribed guidelines that define how people should conduct themselves ethically.

Sense 3 is more precise here—it specifically captures the prescriptive nature of ethical rules, whereas sense 1 takes a broader view of governing principles. Since the passage emphasizes formal ethical guidelines that explicitly prescribe conduct, sense 3 aligns better with the intended meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: justice
Target surface form: justices
Context:
The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, <t>justices</t> are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=justice%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being just or fair | synonyms=justness
2. sense_key=justice%1:04:00:: | definition=judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments
3. sense_key=justice%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=judge, jurist
4. sense_key=justice%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870 | synonyms=Department of Justice, Justice Department, DoJ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly refers to Scalia and Thomas as individuals holding judicial positions, and discusses justices as public officials who are subject to ethics rules and attend events. This matches the sense of "justice" as "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice," synonymous with "judge" or "jurist."

reasoning_content:
The target word is "justices" in the context of a discussion about Supreme Court justices (Scalia and Thomas) and their attendance at events, as well as ethics rules for justices.

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. justice%1:07:00:: - "the quality of being just or fair" - This is about the abstract concept of fairness/justice
2. justice%1:04:00:: - "judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments" - This is about judicial decision-making
3. justice%1:18:00:: - "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice" with synonyms "judge, jurist" - This is about a person who is a judge
4. justice%1:14:00:: - "the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws" - This is about the Department of Justice

In the context, the passage explicitly discusses:
- "Scalia and Thomas" as "justices"
- "justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct"
- Reference to a "judge may attend fund-raising events"
- Discussion of "lower federal justices"

The word "justices" here is clearly referring to Supreme Court judges/justices as individual persons who hold the position of judge. This directly matches sense 3: "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice" with synonyms "judge, jurist".

The answer should be sense index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the <t>actions</t> of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The context discusses a Code of Conduct that "governs the actions of lower federal justices." Here, "actions" refers to the things judges do—their deeds, conduct, and behavior that are regulated by ethical guidelines. This matches sense 1: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)," which captures the notion of deeds and concrete behaviors that can be regulated by a code of conduct.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "actions" is being used.

The sentence reads: "In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices."

The context is about the Code of Conduct - ethical/legal rules that govern conduct. The "actions" here refers to things that people do - behaviors, conduct, deeds. It's about what judges do in their official capacity.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
   - This is about deeds, things done. This seems very relevant.

2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
   - This is about being active, a state. Doesn't fit as well.

3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement
   - Not relevant, this is about military.

4. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position
   - This could work since justices are government body members, but the code of conduct governs individual actions/conduct

5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot
   - Not relevant.

6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful
   - Not relevant.

7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism
   - Not relevant.

8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another
   - This is about legal proceedings/lawsuits, not about conduct governed by code.

9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization
   - Could fit, but the code of conduct is about individual conduct.

10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field
    - Not relevant.

The most fitting sense is action%1:04:02:: - the definition of something done or deeds. The Code of Conduct specifically regulates the behaviors and conduct of judges, making this the clearest match for how "actions" is used in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: justice
Target surface form: justices
Context:
The dinner was held at a Washington hotel hours after the court's conference over the case. In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal <t>justices</t>. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=justice%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being just or fair | synonyms=justness
2. sense_key=justice%1:04:00:: | definition=judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments
3. sense_key=justice%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=judge, jurist
4. sense_key=justice%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870 | synonyms=Department of Justice, Justice Department, DoJ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine the correct sense of "justices" in the given sentence.

The context is discussing judges who attend events, and specifically refers to "Scalia and Thomas" as "two justices." The sentence states: "In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices."

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=justice%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being just or fair | synonyms=justness
   - This is about the abstract concept of fairness/justice, not about people.

2. sense_key=justice%1:04:00:: | definition=judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments
   - This is about the process or concept of judgment, not about people.

3. sense_key=justice%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=judge, jurist
   - This refers to judges/public officials who decide cases. This fits perfectly with "Scalia and Thomas" being justices (Supreme Court justices), and "lower federal justices" (lower court judges).

4. sense_key=justice%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870 | synonyms=Department of Justice, Justice Department, DoJ
   - This refers to the Department of Justice, which is not what is meant here.

The context clearly discusses Supreme Court justices (Scalia and Thomas) and lower federal justices (judges in lower courts). The word "justices" is being used to refer to people who are judges/public officials in courts.

The best sense is clearly sense 3, which defines justice as "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice" with synonyms being "judge, jurist."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: code
Target surface form: code
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under <t>code</t>'s Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=code%1:10:01:: | definition=a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones) | synonyms=codification
2. sense_key=code%1:10:00:: | definition=a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy
3. sense_key=code%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions | synonyms=computer code

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to the "Code of Conduct," which is explicitly described as a set of rules and principles that govern the actions of federal judges. This directly corresponds to the first sense definition: "a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)." The passage discusses specific rules within this code (Canon 4C), reinforcing that "code" refers to an established system of written rules.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "code" in the phrase "Code of Conduct". Let me analyze the context:

The passage is discussing ethics rules for Supreme Court justices. It mentions that "justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices." Then it references "code's Canon 4C" which states rules about what judges may or may not do at fund-raising events.

This is clearly referring to a set of rules or principles that govern behavior - specifically the Code of Conduct for federal judges. This is a system of rules or laws that are written down.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)" - This matches perfectly. The Code of Conduct is a written set of rules and principles governing judicial behavior.

2. "a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy" - This is about codes like cipher codes or secret codes. This doesn't fit the context at all.

3. "(computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program" - This is about computer programming. This doesn't fit the context.

The answer is clearly sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: judge
Target surface form: judge
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A <t>judge</t> may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The context is discussing ethics rules for federal justices/judges. The quote explicitly mentions "a judge may attend fund-raising events" in reference to the Code of Conduct that applies to judges. This is clearly discussing judges in their legal/judicial capacity.

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice" - This is the definition of a judge as a judicial officer. Synonyms are justice, jurist.

2. Sense 2: "an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality" - This would refer to someone who makes judgments or evaluations in a general sense, like an art judge or sports judge.

In this context, the passage is explicitly discussing the Code of Conduct for judges, federal justices, and ethics rules for judges deciding cases. The text mentions "lower federal justices" and discusses judges attending fundraising events, which is clearly in the context of judicial ethics and the legal system.

This clearly corresponds to sense 1 - the judge as a public official in the judicial system.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: event
Target surface form: events
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising <t>events</t> of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=event%1:03:00:: | definition=something that happens at a given place and time
2. sense_key=event%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=case | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=event%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
4. sense_key=event%1:19:01:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

The target word "events" in this context refers to actual gatherings or occasions (fund-raising events, Federalist Society events) that occur at specific times and places. This matches sense 1: "something that happens at a given place and time." The other senses are either too abstract (sense 2), domain-specific to physics (sense 3), or refer to consequences rather than occurrences (sense 4).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "events" is being used.

In the sentence: "The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years."

And also: "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations..."

The context makes it clear that "events" refers to actual gatherings, ceremonies, or occasions that happen at specific times and places - in this case, fund-raising events organized by the Federalist Society.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. **sense 1** (event%1:03:00): "something that happens at a given place and time" - This is the most general and natural interpretation. A Federalist Society event is something that happens at a given place and time - it's a social gathering/fund-raising occasion.

2. **sense 2** (event%1:26:00): "a special set of circumstances" - This is more abstract and philosophical, referring to a situation or condition rather than an actual occurrence or gathering.

3. **sense 3** (event%1:19:00): "a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory" - This is a physics/relativity theory sense, clearly not applicable here.

4. **sense 4** (event%1:19:01): "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - This means a consequence or effect, which doesn't fit the context.

The clear answer is **sense 1** because the context refers to actual gatherings/occasions (fund-raising events, Federalist Society events) that occur at specific times and places. This is the basic, common meaning of "event" as an occurrence.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organization
Target surface form: organizations
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other <t>organizations</t> although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organization%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who work together | synonyms=organisation
2. sense_key=organization%1:09:00:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organisation, system | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
3. sense_key=organization%1:14:01:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=organization%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business | synonyms=organisation | examples=he was brought in to supervise the organization of a new department
5. sense_key=organization%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organisation, system | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here
6. sense_key=organization%1:04:01:: | definition=the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically | synonyms=organisation | examples=his organization of the work force was very efficient
7. sense_key=organization%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, establishment, formation, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to "law-related and other organizations" that host fund-raising events. The word refers to actual groups or institutions (such as the Federalist Society mentioned earlier in the passage), not to processes, structures for classification, or qualities of orderliness. This matches sense 1: "a group of people who work together."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "organizations" best fits.

In the passage, the context mentions: "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

The word "organizations" here refers to entities/bodies that hold fund-raising events. The mention of "Federalist Society events" and "law firms" in the context suggests these are groups or institutions.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "a group of people who work together" - This is a general definition that could fit. Organizations like the Federalist Society fit this.

2. "an organized structure for arranging or classifying" - This refers to the arrangement or structure itself, not an entity. Doesn't fit well here.

3. "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" - This focuses on the administrative structure/body. Could fit.

4. "the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business" - This is about the process/act of organizing, not the entity itself. Doesn't fit.

5. "an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized" - This is about the quality of being organized. Doesn't fit.

6. "the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically" - This is about the process. Doesn't fit.

7. "the act of forming or establishing something" - This is about the process of forming. Doesn't fit.

The best fit is sense 1: "a group of people who work together" - this refers to organizations as actual entities/groups. In the context, "law-related and other organizations" clearly refers to actual institutions and groups that host events, like the Federalist Society.

Sense 3 could also work, but it's more specific about administrative bodies, whereas sense 1 is the more general and natural interpretation.
Sense 1 captures what's needed here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: judge
Target surface form: judge
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the <t>judge</t> may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to judges in their official judicial capacity - discussing the Code of Conduct governing federal justices and rules for judges attending fund-raising events. The passage deals with judicial ethics and the authority granted to federal judges to decide cases, which aligns perfectly with sense 1: "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice." Sense 2 (an authority who estimates worth or quality) does not fit this legal/judicial context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "judge" best fits.

Looking at the sentence: "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

The context is discussing:
1. Supreme Court justices (Scalia and Thomas)
2. The Code of Conduct that governs actions of lower federal justices
3. Canon 4C which states rules for "a judge"
4. This is clearly about judicial ethics and conduct rules

The two candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: - "a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice" (synonyms: justice, jurist)
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: - "an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality" (synonyms: evaluator)

The context is clearly about a legal/judicial figure - someone who is governed by the Code of Conduct and Canon 4C. The passage discusses rules that apply to federal justices and judges, and Canon 4C is specifically about conduct for judges in a judicial capacity.

Sense 1 is clearly the correct answer - it refers to a public official authorized to decide questions in court, which is the legal sense of judge. This matches the context perfectly where we're discussing judicial ethics, court conduct, and federal justices.

Sense 2 would be about someone who estimates worth or quality, which doesn't fit this judicial/legal context at all.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speaker
Target surface form: speaker
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a <t>speaker</t>, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speaker%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous) | synonyms=talker, utterer, verbalizer, verbaliser | examples=the speaker at commencement; an utterer of useful maxims
2. sense_key=speaker%1:06:00:: | definition=electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance | synonyms=loudspeaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system
3. sense_key=speaker%1:18:01:: | definition=the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly | examples=the leader of the majority party is the Speaker of the House of Representatives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to Canon 4C's prohibition against judges being "a speaker" at fund-raising events. In this context, "speaker" means someone who delivers a public speech or address at an event. This aligns with sense 1, which defines the word as "someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech)," with the example "the speaker at commencement" being directly parallel to the usage here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "speaker" is being used.

In the sentence, we have:
"...the judge may not be a <t>speaker</t>, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

This is part of Canon 4C which discusses what judges can and cannot do at fund-raising events. The context lists three prohibited roles:
1. a speaker
2. a guest of honor
3. or featured on the program

Let me consider each sense:

1. **Sense 1** (someone who expresses in language; someone who talks, delivers a public speech): This refers to someone who speaks, delivers a public address. In the context of fund-raising events, this would mean someone who gives a speech or address at the event.

2. **Sense 2** (electro-acoustic transducer/loudspeaker): This is clearly not relevant here. This is about audio equipment, not about people at events.

3. **Sense 3** (presiding officer of a deliberative assembly, like Speaker of the House): This is about a specific formal role in legislative bodies. While the text does mention "the Senate's top Republican," this sense refers to a specific formal position, not to someone who speaks at a fund-raising event.

Given the context about fund-raising events and what judges are prohibited from being, the word "speaker" refers to someone who gives a speech or presentation at the event. This is clearly sense 1 - "someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)."

The example "the speaker at commencement" directly parallels the usage here - someone who gives a speech at an event.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the <t>program</t> of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 5
}
```

The word "program" in this context refers to an announcement or document listing the events and participants at a formal gathering (the Federalist Society dinner event). The ethics rule prohibits judges from being "featured on the program," meaning they cannot be listed or named as speakers or honored guests on the official announcement of the event. This matches sense 5, which defines program as "an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event," exemplified by "you can't tell the players without a program."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The phrase in question is: "featured on the program of such an event."

Looking at the full context, this is referring to the Federalist Society dinner event. The Canon 4C rule states judges cannot "be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

So "program" here refers to a list or announcement of what will occur at an event - specifically the order of events or list of participants/speakers at the dinner.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: - a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan)
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: - a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: - a radio or television show
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: - a document stating the aims and principles of a political party
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: - an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: - an integrated course of academic studies
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: - (computer science) a sequence of instructions
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: - a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation

Sense 5 seems most appropriate: "an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event" with the example "you can't tell the players without a program". While this mentions theatrical/sporting events specifically, the spirit of it applies to any formal event - it's a listing of what will occur or who will participate.

Sense 8 could also work - "a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation" but that seems to emphasize the actual performance rather than the document/announcement.
Sense 5 captures the core meaning here—it's fundamentally about the document or announcement listing participants and events, which aligns with being "featured on the program" at a formal dinner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: event
Target surface form: event
Context:
In attendance was, among others, Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican and an avowed opponent of the healthcare law. The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an <t>event</t>." Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=event%1:03:00:: | definition=something that happens at a given place and time
2. sense_key=event%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=case | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=event%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
4. sense_key=event%1:19:01:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to "fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations," which are actual occurrences or gatherings that happen at specific times and places. This aligns with sense 1: "something that happens at a given place and time." The other senses are not applicable—sense 2 relates to hypothetical cases (usually in phrases like "in that event"), sense 3 is a physics/relativity concept, and sense 4 concerns consequences or effects.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "event" is being used.

The sentence in context is: "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event."

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=event%1:03:00:: | definition=something that happens at a given place and time
   - This is a general sense of "event" meaning any occurrence

2. sense_key=event%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=case | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
   - This sense refers to a hypothetical case or circumstance

3. sense_key=event%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
   - This is a physics/relativity concept, not relevant here

4. sense_key=event%1:19:01:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
   - This refers to consequences or effects, not what's being discussed

In the context, "event" refers to "fund-raising events" - which is a specific occurrence or happening at a particular place and time. The text is talking about actual fundraising events that judges may or may not attend.

This matches sense 1: "something that happens at a given place and time" - a general, straightforward meaning of event as an occurrence or happening.

Sense 2 would be used in phrases like "in that event" (meaning "in that case"), which is not how it's used here.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proximity
Target surface form: proximity
Context:
The featured guests at the dinner? Scalia and Thomas. It's nothing new: The two justices have been attending Federalist Society events for years. And it's nothing that runs afoul of ethics rules. In fact, justices are exempt from the Code of Conduct that governs the actions of lower federal justices. If they were, they arguably fell under code's Canon 4C, which states, "A judge may attend fund-raising events of law-related and other organizations although the judge may not be a speaker, a guest of honor, or featured on the program of such an event." Nevertheless, the sheer <t>proximity</t> of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists. "This stunning breach of ethics and indifference to the code belies claims by several justices that the court abides by the same rules that apply to all other federal judges," said Bob Edgar, the president of Common Cause.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proximity%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being close together | synonyms=propinquity
2. sense_key=proximity%1:15:00:: | definition=the region close around a person or thing
3. sense_key=proximity%1:09:00:: | definition=a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit | synonyms=law of proximity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context uses "proximity" to mean the state or property of being close together - specifically, the closeness of Scalia and Thomas to the law firms and company involved in the case. This is the straightforward meaning of physical or relational closeness, matching sense 1 ("the property of being close together"). Sense 2 refers to a region or area around something, and sense 3 is a specialized Gestalt psychology principle, neither of which apply here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine which sense of "proximity" is being used here.

The context is discussing how Justices Scalia and Thomas were attending Federalist Society events, and there's concern about their proximity to law firms involved in a case and a company with financial interests.

The sentence reads: "Nevertheless, the sheer proximity of Scalia and Thomas to two of the law firms in the case, as well as to a company with a massive financial interest, was enough to alarm ethics-in-government activists."

Let me examine the three candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=proximity%1:07:00::** - "the property of being close together" | synonym: propinquity
   - This refers to the quality or state of being near in space or distance.

2. **sense_key=proximity%1:15:00::** - "the region close around a person or thing"
   - This refers to the area or region that is near something or someone.

3. **sense_key=proximity%1:09:00::** - "a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit" | synonym: law of proximity
   - This is a specific technical term from psychology/Gestalt theory about perception.

In this context, "proximity" is being used to refer to the state or fact of being close to (the law firms and company). It's not referring to a region or area around someone, nor is it referring to a Gestalt principle.

The meaning is clearly about being "close" in terms of relationships or connections - the closeness of the justices to these organizations/companies that have interests in the case. This is the general sense of "being close together" or "the state of being near."

Sense 1 fits best: "the property of being close together" - this is the general quality of being near or close in proximity to something.