[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: services
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend <t>services</t>. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly indicates that "services" refers to religious worship. The passage discusses vicars pressing bell ringers to attend church services, and mentions "worship" explicitly. This matches sense 3: "the act of public worship following prescribed rules" with the example "the Sunday service." The synonyms "religious service, divine service" also confirm this is the correct sense.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "services" in this passage about church bell ringers.

The key context is:
"With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend <t>services</t>."

And later: "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service..."

This is clearly referring to religious church services - acts of public worship. The passage talks about vicars (church officials) pressuring bell ringers to attend these services. It's in the context of a church (St. Mary Abbot church is mentioned), and there's discussion about how ringers "skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. work done by one person or group that benefits another (general services)
2. an act of help or assistance
3. the act of public worship following prescribed rules | examples: the Sunday service
4. a company or agency that performs a public service
5. employment in or work for another
6. a force that is a branch of the armed forces
7. Canadian writer
8. a means of serving
9. tableware
10. the act of mating by male animals
11. feudal tenant duties
12. sports stroke
13. delivering a writ or summons
14. periodic maintenance on a car or machine
15. performance of duties by a waiter

Sense 3 is clearly the best fit: "the act of public worship following prescribed rules" with examples "the Sunday service". This directly matches the context where vicars are pressing ringers to attend religious services/worship.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two <t>years</t> ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "Two years ago" refers to a time period of approximately 24 months in the past when the event occurred. This is the standard calendar-based sense of "year" as a period containing 365 or 366 days, used for measuring the passage of time.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "years" is being used.

The sentence is: "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band..."

The context is referring to a time period in the past - "two years ago" - meaning approximately 24 months ago when a specific event (Rev. Hummerstone firing the bell ringers) occurred.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: - "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - This is the basic calendar year definition. The example "she is 4 years old" shows how this sense is used for measuring age and time passages.

2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: - "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity" - This refers to things like school year, fiscal year, etc. The context doesn't suggest a particular activity-based year.

3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: - "the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun" - This is the astronomical definition. Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: - "a body of students who graduate together" - This is the academic cohort sense. Not applicable.

In this context, "two years ago" is simply referring to a time period of approximately 24 months in the past. This is a straightforward usage of the basic calendar year definition - sense 1.

The answer should be sense 1.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, <t>vicar</t> of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context explicitly refers to "the Church of England" and describes "Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon" as being in charge of a parish location. This matches sense 3, which defines a vicar as "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "vicar" is being used.

From the context:
- We're talking about the Church of England (explicitly mentioned: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling")
- The example given is "Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon"
- He is described as being in charge of a parish (a specific location: Great Torrington, Devon)
- He has authority over church activities in the area (able to "sack the entire band" of ringers)

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman" - This is specifically for Roman Catholic clergy. The context clearly mentions Church of England, so this doesn't fit.

2. "(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel" - This is for the Episcopal Church. While the Episcopal Church and Church of England are related, the text explicitly states "Church of England."

3. "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish" - This explicitly mentions Church of England AND mentions being appointed to act as priest of a parish. The example of Jeremy Hummerstone being vicar of Great Torrington perfectly fits this description - he's a Church of England clergyman responsible for a parish.

The answer is clearly sense 3, as the context explicitly mentions the Church of England and describes a vicar responsible for a specific parish (Great Torrington).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: got
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, <t>got</t> so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "got so fed up" in the context means the vicar "became" or "entered into" a state of frustration and annoyance. This aligns with sense 2 ("enter or assume a certain state or condition") with the synonyms "become, go" and examples like "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news," which parallels the emotional state described in the sentence.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "got" in the sentence:

"Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"

The phrase is "got so fed up" which means "became so fed up" or "came to feel very frustrated/annoyed."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract" - Not appropriate here
2. "enter or assume a certain state or condition" - This fits! "got so fed up" means "entered/assumed the state of being fed up"
3. "cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition" - Not quite right
4. "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - Doesn't fit
5. "reach a destination" - Not applicable
6. "go or come after and bring or take back" - Not applicable
7. "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" - This could work too
8. "take vengeance on" - Not applicable
10. "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" - Not quite right
15. "give certain properties to something" - This could also work

The most direct match is sense 2: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" with the synonym "become, go". The example "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news" is very similar to "got so fed up" - both describe entering a state of frustration/annoyance.

Sense 15 "give certain properties to something" with example "get someone mad" is also close, but sense 2 seems more appropriate because "got fed up" is more about assuming/entering a state rather than making someone else feel that way.

The answer should be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got <t>so</t> fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "so" in the phrase "got so fed up" expresses a very great extent or degree of the emotion/state "fed up." This matches sense 1 ("to a very great extent or degree") with examples like "never been so happy." The word intensifies the adjective "fed up" to indicate an extreme level of frustration that led to the vicar's drastic action of sacking the entire bell-ringing band.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence: "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got <t>so</t> fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"

The target word is "so" in the phrase "so fed up". Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "to a very great extent or degree" - example: "the idea is so obvious; never been so happy"
2. "in a manner that facilitates" - example: "he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior"
3. "in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied"
4. "to a certain unspecified extent or degree" - example: "I can only go so far"
5. "in the same way; also" - example: "I was offended and so was he"
6. "in the way indicated" - example: "hold the brush so"
7. "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed" - example: "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells"
8. "subsequently or soon afterward"
9. "(used to introduce a logical conclusion)"
10. "in truth"

In the context "got so fed up", "so" is modifying the adjective "fed up" to express a high degree or extent.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "never been so happy" - this is similar! "so happy" is expressing a great degree
- Sense 7: "he was so tired he could hardly stand" - this is also very similar, and it says "(usually followed by `that')" which suggests it's about degree to an extent

The difference between 1 and 7 is that sense 7 is "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed" and includes examples like "he was so tired he could hardly stand" - which shows the extent being expressed.
Even though the full sentence contains an implied consequence—he was so fed up that he sacked the band—there's no explicit "that" clause. Sense 1 captures the meaning here: expressing a very great extent without requiring a result clause. Sense 1 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with <t>ringers</t> who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context makes clear that "ringers" refers to people who ring church bells. The passage discusses their work "in the tower" (the belfry), their effort ("worked up a sweat"), their "changes" (a technical term for bell ringing patterns), and their relationship to the church services. This matches sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "ringer" is being used.

The passage is about bell ringers in a church. Key contextual clues:
- "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - referring to a church bell tower
- "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub" - they're performing some activity that requires effort
- "ringers who didn't attend service" - they're associated with services in a church
- "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises" - they work in the church tower

The context clearly indicates these are people who ring church bells. This matches sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms "toller, bell ringer."

Sense 2 (a person who is almost identical to another) doesn't fit.
Sense 3 (a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses) doesn't fit - they're not competing in this context.
Sense 4 (horseshoes - a successful throw) is completely unrelated to the context.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attend
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't <t>attend</t> service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates that the vicars are pressing ringers to be present at church services. This matches sense 1: "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." The example provided in this sense directly mentions attending church services, which is exactly the scenario described in the passage about ringers being expected to attend services at the church.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "attend" to find the best sense.

In the sentence: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services"

And also: "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service"

The context is clearly about church services. The ringers are being asked/expected to attend (be present at) church services.

Let me check each sense:

1. "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." - This matches perfectly. The example "She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church" is directly relevant to the context about attending church services.

2. "take charge of or deal with" - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about dealing with or taking charge of services.

3. "to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result" - This doesn't fit the context.

4. "work for or be a servant to" - This doesn't fit. The ringers aren't being servants at services.

5. "give heed (to)" - While this is related to attending, the context is specifically about being present at services, not about paying attention/heed.

The best fit is clearly sense 1, which is about being present at meetings, church services, university, etc. The example given even mentions attending church services specifically.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend <t>service</t> he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context makes clear that "service" refers to a religious worship ceremony. The vicar was upset that bell ringers "didn't attend service," and the passage discusses worship in a church context. Sense 3 ("the act of public worship following prescribed rules") with its synonyms "religious service, divine service" and example "the Sunday service" is the perfect match for this usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the correct sense for "service" in this sentence:

"Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band..."

The context is about a vicar (church official) being upset with bell ringers who didn't attend "service." The passage mentions "worship" and "the church" throughout, and discusses religious context.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: - work done by one person or group that benefits another
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: - an act of help or assistance
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: - the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: - a company or agency that performs a public service
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: - employment in or work for another
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: - a force that is a branch of the armed forces
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: - Canadian writer (Robert William Service)
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: - a means of serving
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: - tableware
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: - the act of mating by male animals
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: - feudal duty
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: - sports stroke
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: - delivery of a writ
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: - maintenance on a car or machine
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: - performance of duties by a waiter or servant

The vicar is upset because bell ringers failed to attend a religious ceremony. The phrase "attend service" is a standard expression for participating in a worship gathering, and sense 3 directly captures this meaning with its definition of public worship and examples like "the Sunday service." The answer is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sack
Target surface form: sacked
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he <t>sacked</t> the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sack%2:40:00:: | definition=plunder (a town) after capture | synonyms=plunder | examples=the barbarians sacked Rome
2. sense_key=sack%2:41:00:: | definition=terminate the employment of; discharge from an office or position | synonyms=displace, fire, give notice, can, dismiss, give the axe | examples=The boss fired his secretary today; The company terminated 25% of its workers
3. sense_key=sack%2:40:01:: | definition=make as a net profit | synonyms=net, sack up, clear | examples=The company cleared $1 million
4. sense_key=sack%2:35:00:: | definition=put in a sack | examples=The grocer sacked the onions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly indicates that the vicar dismissed the bell ringers from their position because they weren't attending services. The synonyms "fire," "dismiss," and "can" in sense 2 align perfectly with this interpretation. The ringers' response of setting up a picket line further confirms this is about employment termination, not any other meaning of "sack."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "sacked" in this passage.

The sentence is: "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he <t>sacked</t> the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest."

Context clues:
1. A vicar (religious official) is dealing with bell ringers who don't attend services
2. He got "fed up" with them
3. He "sacked" them
4. The ringers responded by setting up a picket line in protest
5. The vicar is later described as "strong-willed" and pressing ringers to attend services

This is clearly about terminating employment or removing someone from a position. The ringers were part of the church band but weren't attending services, and the vicar dismissed them from their position as ringers.

Let me check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=sack%2:40:00:: - "plunder (a town) after capture" - This is not relevant. The vicar is not plundering.

2. sense_key=sack%2:41:00:: - "terminate the employment of; discharge from an office or position" with synonyms: displace, fire, give notice, can, dismiss, give the axe. This fits perfectly! The vicar fired/dismissed the bell ringers from their position.

3. sense_key=sack%2:40:01:: - "make as a net profit" - This is about financial gain, not relevant.

4. sense_key=sack%2:35:00:: - "put in a sack" - This is a literal meaning, not about dismissing people.

The answer is clearly sense 2 (sack%2:41:00::), which is about terminating employment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: entire
Target surface form: entire
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the <t>entire</t> band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=entire%5:00:01:whole:00 | definition=constituting the full quantity or extent; complete | synonyms=full, total | examples=an entire town devastated by an earthquake; gave full attention
2. sense_key=entire%5:00:02:whole:00 | definition=constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; - Bacon | synonyms=integral, intact | examples=a local motion keepeth bodies integral; was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime
3. sense_key=entire%5:00:00:smooth:02 | definition=(of leaves or petals) having a smooth edge; not broken up into teeth or lobes
4. sense_key=entire%5:00:00:uncastrated:00 | definition=(used of domestic animals) sexually competent | synonyms=intact | examples=an entire horse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "entire" in this context means the vicar dismissed all of the bell ringers—the complete, full band without exception. This matches the first sense: "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete," with synonyms "full" and "total." The example "an entire town devastated" parallels the usage here, where "entire band" means the whole group of ringers.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "entire" in this passage.

The sentence is: "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the <t>entire</t> band"

The word "entire" is modifying "band" - referring to the bell ringers' group. The vicar sacked the entire band, meaning all of them, the complete group, without exception.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete" - synonyms: full, total. Example: "an entire town devastated by an earthquake; gave full attention". This fits perfectly - the entire band means the complete/full band, all members.

2. "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" - synonyms: integral, intact. Example: "a local motion keepeth bodies integral; was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime". This refers more to something being whole/unbroken, not damaged.

3. "(of leaves or petals) having a smooth edge; not broken up into teeth or lobes" - This is botanical, doesn't apply here.

4. "(used of domestic animals) sexually competent" - This is about animals not being castrated, doesn't apply here.

The best fit is sense 1 - "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete". The vicar dismissed all of the bell ringers (the entire band = the full/complete band, all of them). This is the most natural interpretation in context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the <t>ringers</t> promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The passage is about people who ring church bells. Key contextual clues:
- "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - belfry is where church bells are housed
- "their changes are completed" - this refers to bell ringing changes
- "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below" - they do this after ringing bells
- The vicar is dealing with ringers who don't attend church services
- "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises" - the bell tower

This is clearly about people who ring church bells.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - This matches perfectly
2. "a person who is almost identical to another" (dead ringer) - Doesn't fit
3. "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - Doesn't fit
4. "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg" - Doesn't fit

The answer is clearly sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: promptly
Target surface form: promptly
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers <t>promptly</t> set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=promptly%4:02:02:: | definition=with little or no delay | synonyms=quickly, quick | examples=the rescue squad arrived promptly; come here, quick!
2. sense_key=promptly%4:02:00:: | definition=in a punctual manner | synonyms=readily, pronto | examples=he did his homework promptly
3. sense_key=promptly%4:02:01:: | definition=at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence) | synonyms=right away | examples=he promptly forgot the address

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes the ringers responding immediately to being dismissed by setting up a picket line. The word "promptly" here means they did this with little delay or quickly in response to the vicar's action. This matches sense 1's definition of "with little or no delay" and its synonyms "quickly, quick," which align perfectly with the narrative of swift, reactive action.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "promptly" is used:

"...the vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest."

The ringers set up a picket line "promptly" after being fired. This suggests they did it very quickly, with little or no delay.

Let me examine each sense:

1. **Sense 1**: "with little or no delay" - synonyms: quickly, quick. Example: "the rescue squad arrived promptly". This fits the context. The ringers quickly/rapidly set up a picket line after being sacked.

2. **Sense 2**: "in a punctual manner" - synonyms: readily, pronto. Example: "he did his homework promptly". This is about doing something on time or in a timely manner. This doesn't really fit as well - it's more about being punctual to a schedule.

3. **Sense 3**: "at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence)" - synonyms: right away. Example: "he promptly forgot the address". This means immediately or right away. While the action (protesting) happened immediately, this sense seems more oriented toward something negative or undesirable happening. The picket line action itself isn't necessarily an undesirable occurrence in the way the example "forgot the address" is.

The context clearly shows the ringers did something quickly/rapidly in response to being sacked - they set up a picket line. The best fit is Sense 1: "with little or no delay" which emphasizes the quick response.

Sense 3 could also work ("at once"), but Sense 1 seems more natural and better fits the synonyms given (quickly, quick).

I'll go with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: protest
Target surface form: protest
Context:
It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in <t>protest</t>. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=protest%1:10:00:: | definition=a formal and solemn declaration of objection | synonyms=protestation | examples=they finished the game under protest to the league president; the senator rose to register his protest
2. sense_key=protest%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent | synonyms=objection, dissent
3. sense_key=protest%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a strong public expression of disagreement and disapproval | examples=he shouted his protests at the umpire; a shower of protest was heard from the rear of the hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "set up a picket line in protest" clearly describes a public, organized manifestation of dissent—the ringers' response to being sacked was to establish a visible, coordinated protest action. This matches sense 2's definition of "the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent." Sense 1 refers to formal declarations of objection, and sense 3 emphasizes vocal expression, neither of which captures the organized public action depicted here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine the best sense for "protest" in the phrase "the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest."

Context clues:
- The ringers were sacked (fired) by the vicar
- They "promptly set up a picket line in protest"
- A picket line is a public demonstration/manifestation of dissent
- This is a public, organized action showing disagreement

Let me examine the three candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "a formal and solemn declaration of objection" - synonyms: protestation. Examples are "they finished the game under protest to the league president; the senator rose to register his protest" - these are formal declarations or registrations of objection

2. Sense 2: "the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent" - This specifically mentions "public (often organized) manifestation of dissent" which matches a picket line perfectly

3. Sense 3: "the act of making a strong public expression of disagreement and disapproval" - examples mention "he shouted his protests" and "a shower of protest was heard" - these are verbal/auditory expressions

The key phrase is "set up a picket line in protest" - a picket line is a physical, organized public manifestation. This fits best with sense 2 which specifically includes "public (often organized) manifestation of dissent."

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: club
Target surface form: club
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating <t>club</t> that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=club%1:14:01:: | definition=a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together | synonyms=baseball club, ball club, nine | examples=each club played six home games with teams in its own division
2. sense_key=club%1:14:00:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=social club, society, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=club%1:06:00:: | definition=stout stick that is larger at one end | examples=he carried a club in self defense; he felt as if he had been hit with a club
4. sense_key=club%1:06:02:: | definition=a building that is occupied by a social club | synonyms=clubhouse | examples=the clubhouse needed a new roof
5. sense_key=club%1:06:01:: | definition=golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball | synonyms=golf club
6. sense_key=club%1:06:03:: | definition=a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more black trefoils on it | examples=he led a small club; clubs were trumps
7. sense_key=club%1:06:04:: | definition=a spot that is open late at night and that provides entertainment (as singers or dancers) as well as dancing and food and drink | synonyms=cabaret, nightclub, nightspot | examples=don't expect a good meal at a cabaret; the gossip columnist got his information by visiting nightclubs every night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "club" to find the best sense.

Context: The passage is about church bell ringers in Devon who were part of a group. The vicar says "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises."

The key phrase is "self-perpetuating club" - this suggests a group or association of people with similar interests who maintain themselves over time. The vicar is criticizing them as being a closed group that perpetuates itself.

Let me go through the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=club%1:14:01:: - a team of professional baseball players - No, this is about baseball, not relevant here.

2. sense_key=club%1:14:00:: - a formal association of people with similar interests (social club, society, guild, lodge, order) - This fits! The ringers are described as a "club" that is "self-perpetuating," which means they maintain themselves as a group with similar interests (bell ringing).

3. sense_key=club%1:06:00:: - stout stick that is larger at one end - No, this is a physical object used for hitting things, not relevant.

4. sense_key=club%1:06:02:: - a building that is occupied by a social club - No, the context isn't about a building.

5. sense_key=club%1:06:01:: - golf equipment - No, not relevant to bell ringers.

6. sense_key=club%1:06:03:: - a playing card - No, not relevant.

7. sense_key=club%1:06:04:: - a spot open late at night with entertainment - No, not relevant.

The best answer is sense 2, which refers to "a formal association of people with similar interests" - this perfectly captures the meaning of "club" in this context where the ringers are described as a self-perpetuating social group.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treat
Target surface form: treated
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that <t>treated</t> the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treat%2:41:00:: | definition=interact in a certain way | synonyms=handle, do by | examples=Do right by her; Treat him with caution, please
2. sense_key=treat%2:30:01:: | definition=subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition | synonyms=process | examples=process cheese; process hair
3. sense_key=treat%2:29:00:: | definition=provide treatment for | synonyms=care for | examples=The doctor treated my broken leg; The nurses cared for the bomb victims
4. sense_key=treat%2:32:00:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, handle, plow, deal, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
5. sense_key=treat%2:40:00:: | definition=provide with a gift or entertainment | examples=Grandmother always treated us to the circus; I like to treat myself to a day at a spa when I am depressed
6. sense_key=treat%2:34:00:: | definition=provide with choice or abundant food or drink | synonyms=regale | examples=Don't worry about the expensive wine--I'm treating; She treated her houseguests with good food every night
7. sense_key=treat%2:32:03:: | definition=engage in negotiations in order to reach an agreement | examples=they had to treat with the King
8. sense_key=treat%2:31:00:: | definition=regard or consider in a specific way | examples=I treated his advances as a joke

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "treated".

Context: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises."

The sentence is saying that the ringers treated the tower as a separate premises - meaning they regarded it or considered it in a particular way (as a separate premises).

Let me go through the senses:

1. interact in a certain way (handle, do by) - This could fit, but it's more about how you interact with someone.

2. subject to a process or treatment - No, this doesn't fit. The tower isn't being subjected to processing.

3. provide treatment for - No, not medical treatment.

4. act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression - No, this is more about dealing with a topic.

5. provide with a gift or entertainment - No, this doesn't fit.

6. provide with choice or abundant food or drink - No, this doesn't fit.

7. engage in negotiations - No, this doesn't fit.

8. regard or consider in a specific way - Yes! The sentence is saying they "regarded" or "considered" the tower as a separate premises.

The best fit is sense 8: "regard or consider in a specific way". The example "I treated his advances as a joke" shows exactly this usage - treating something as something else (regarding or considering it in that way).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the <t>tower</t> as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to the bell tower of the church (mentioned as "belfry" earlier in the passage). The ringers work in this physical structure, and the vicar is discussing how they treated it as separate from the main church premises. This is a literal reference to the architectural structure of a church tower, making sense 1 (a structure taller than its diameter that can stand alone or be attached to a larger building) the correct choice.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "tower" is being used.

In the passage, the vicar says: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises."

The context is about church bell ringers and their relationship with the church. The passage mentions "belfry" (the bell tower of a church), and discusses ringers working in what appears to be a church building.

The "tower" here is clearly referring to the church tower - the physical structure that contains the bells. This is the building/structure where the ringers work, which they're treating as "separate premises."

Let me examine the three senses:

1. "a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building" - This is the general definition of a tower. In this context, it refers to the church tower, which is a tall structure attached to (or part of) a church building.

2. "anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower" - This refers to things that look tower-like but aren't necessarily towers. The examples given are a column of white powder or a tower of dust - these are more metaphorical uses.

3. "a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships" - This is a tugboat, which has nothing to do with the context.

Given that the passage is clearly about a church tower (the belfry is mentioned, ringers work there), sense 1 is clearly the correct choice. It's a literal structure of a church, not a metaphorical column-like shape.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sort
Target surface form: sort
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as <t>sort</t> of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sort%1:09:00:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, form, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
2. sense_key=sort%1:07:00:: | definition=an approximate definition or example | examples=she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing
3. sense_key=sort%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a particular character or nature | examples=what sort of person is he?; he's a good sort
4. sense_key=sort%1:22:00:: | definition=an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion | synonyms=sorting | examples=the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "sort of a separate premises" uses "sort" as an approximate descriptor, indicating an inexact or vague characterization. This matches Sense 2 ("an approximate definition or example"), which is exemplified in the provided examples like "she wore a sort of magenta dress." The context shows the vicar is suggesting the ringers treated the tower somewhat like—but not exactly as—a separate premises, which is precisely how "sort of" functions as an approximation marker.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "sort" to determine the best sense.

The sentence is: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises"

Looking at the phrase "sort of a separate premises" - this is using "sort of" as an approximate or vague description. The speaker is saying the tower was treated like/approximately/somewhat like a separate premises.

Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1 (sense_key=sort%1:09:00::): "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" - This would be about categorizing things like "kind" or "form". This doesn't fit well here.

2. Sense 2 (sense_key=sort%1:07:00::): "an approximate definition or example" with examples "she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing" - This is exactly the pattern we see! "sort of" is being used to give an approximate or vague description.

3. Sense 3 (sense_key=sort%1:18:00::): "a person of a particular character or nature" - This is about describing people. Not relevant here.

4. Sense 4 (sense_key=sort%1:22:00::): "an operation that segregates items into groups" - This is about sorting/organizing. Not relevant.

The best fit is Sense 2, which deals with approximate descriptions using "sort of". The examples given ("she wore a sort of magenta dress") match the pattern perfectly with "sort of a separate premises".

The answer is sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: separate
Target surface form: separate
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a <t>separate</t> premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=separate%3:00:00:: | definition=independent; not united or joint | examples=a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways
2. sense_key=separate%5:00:00:detached:00 | definition=standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything | synonyms=freestanding | examples=a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage
3. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:segregated:00 | definition=separated according to race, sex, class, or religion | examples=separate but equal; girls and boys in separate classes
4. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00 | definition=have the connection undone; having become separate | synonyms=disjoined

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The vicar describes the ringers treating the tower as "a separate premises," meaning they viewed it as an independent and distinct entity, not united with the church's worship mission. This aligns with sense 1 (independent; not united or joint), as the tower was conceptually separated from the church's core religious function, similar to how the examples describe "separate issues" or "separate ways."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine which sense of "separate" is being used.

The context is: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises"

The vicar is saying that the ringers treated the bell tower as if it were a separate premises (separate space/location). He's describing it as being independent and distinct from the church proper.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "independent; not united or joint" - This could fit, suggesting the tower was treated as independent and not connected to the church's main operations/worship.

2. "standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything" - This is about physical separation. The examples mention "a freestanding bell tower" which is literally a bell tower that stands apart. The context does mention "separate premises" which could imply physical separation.

3. "separated according to race, sex, class, or religion" - This doesn't fit the context at all. This is about segregation.

4. "have the connection undone; having become separate" - This is about something that was connected but is now disconnected.

The key phrase is "treated the tower as sort of a separate premises." The vicar is saying that the ringers viewed the tower as an independent, distinct space - separate from the church. This is more about the conceptual independence rather than just physical separation.

Sense 1 seems to be the best fit - it emphasizes that the tower was treated as independent and not united with the church proper. The examples given for sense 1 ("a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways") align with the idea of treating something as distinct and independent.

Sense 2 talks about "standing apart" and "not attached," which could also work, but the examples seem more focused on literal physical structures.

I think sense 1 is the best choice because it captures the meaning of treating the tower as an independent entity, not united with the church's mission.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone <t>says</t>. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

The Vicar Hummerstone is stating his opinion and judgement about the ringers' behavior ("They were a self-perpetuating club..."). This is a clear example of declaring one's viewpoint, which matches sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare." The context shows the vicar making an evaluative statement about how the ringers treated the tower, not merely reporting facts or simply uttering words, but expressing a reasoned assessment.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this carefully. The target word is "says" in the context: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises," the Vicar Hummerstone says.

In this context, the Vicar is expressing/stating his opinion or judgement about the ringers and their behavior. He's making a statement about how they treated the tower.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "express in words" - This is a general sense about expressing something in words. The vicar is indeed expressing his words.

2. "report or maintain" - This means to allege or claim something. While the vicar is making a statement, this seems more like making a claim or assertion about a fact.

3. "express a supposition" - This is about supposing or hypothesizing. Not applicable here.

4. "have or contain a certain wording or form" - This is about what text says, like "What does the law say?" Not applicable.

5. "give instructions to or direct somebody" - Not applicable, he's not giving instructions.

6. "speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way" - This is about the manner of speaking. Not applicable.

7. "communicate or express nonverbally" - Not applicable, this is verbal.

8. "utter aloud" - This is about saying something aloud, just speaking it out.

9. "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - This is about stating one's opinion or making a declaration.

10. "recite or repeat a fixed text" - Not applicable.

11. "indicate" - This is like what a clock says. Not applicable.

The key phrase in the context is that the Vicar Hummerstone is making a statement/expressing an opinion about the ringers. He's characterizing them as "a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises."

Between sense 1 (express in words), sense 2 (report or maintain), and sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement; declare), sense 9 seems most appropriate because:
The Vicar is clearly declaring his view about the ringers' behavior rather than simply uttering words or reporting facts. His characterization of them as a self-perpetuating club reflects a personal judgment, making sense 9 the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely <t>new</t> band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The context describes a replacement bell-ringing band that has been formed after the vicar dismissed the entire previous band. The use of "new" here emphasizes that this is a **different band** from the former one that was sacked. Sense 5 ("other than the former one(s); different") best captures this meaning, as exemplified by the similar phrase "they now have new leaders" - indicating replacement or substitution rather than simply recent creation. The structural parallel in the examples strengthens this interpretation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "new" appears:

"An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation."

The context is that the vicar sacked the entire old bell-ringing band and now there is a different band. The word "new" is describing this band.

Let me consider each sense:

1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: - "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" - This could work. The band has just been formed.

2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 - "original and of a kind not seen before" - Too strong. It's not that this is a completely novel/original kind of band.

3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 - "lacking training or experience" - Possibly, but the context doesn't emphasize inexperience, just that it's a different band.

4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 - "having no previous example or precedent or parallel" - Too strong.

5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 - "other than the former one(s); different" - This fits! The band is different from the old one that was sacked.

6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: - "unaffected by use or exposure" - Not relevant.

7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 - "gratuitously new" (newfangled) - No.

8-10. Historical/linguistic senses - Not relevant.

11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 - "unfamiliar" - Could work.

The key question is whether "new" means:
- A band that has recently come into existence (sense 1)
- A band that is different/other than the former one (sense 5)

The passage emphasizes replacement—this is the band that replaced the sacked one. Sense 5 ("other than the former one(s); different") captures this best, similar to how "they now have new leaders" works. Though sense 1 also applies since the band has recently formed, the context's focus on the distinction from the old band makes sense 5 the stronger fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings <t>today</t> at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "today" in this context refers to the specific current day on which the new bell-ringing band is performing ("An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington"). This is a temporal reference to the day in the present moment, contrasting with the past situation two years ago when the old band was dismissed. This matches sense 2, which defines "today" as "the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)," as evidenced by the example "did you see today's newspaper?"

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "today" is being used.

The sentence is: "An entirely new band rings <t>today</t> at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation."

This is referring to a specific action happening on the current day (the day being discussed in the present moment of writing/speaking). The sentence is saying that "An entirely new band rings" - this is happening on the current day.

Let me examine the two senses:

1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
   - This sense refers to the present time/era/age as a general concept

2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?
   - This sense refers to the specific day (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)

In the context "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington," the word "today" is being used to refer to the specific current day - the day on which the new band is now ringing bells. It's contrasting the current state with the past (when the old band was sacked two years ago).

This matches sense 2 much better - it's referring to the day that includes the present moment, not the broader "present time or age."

The answer should be sense_index 2.