[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not <t>know</t> which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The sentence "But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared" means Dr. Knudson did not possess knowledge or information about which specific genes were missing. This matches sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about." The example "I want to know who is winning the game!" is particularly parallel—both express lacking specific informational knowledge.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "know" appears:

"But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared."

This is asking what "know" means in this sentence. Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - This seems relevant. The doctor doesn't have information about which gene disappeared.

2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: "know how to do or perform something" - Not relevant, this is about ability/skill

3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" - This is similar to sense 1 but emphasizes "truth" and "belief"

4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - Not really fitting, it's not about being acquainted with genes

5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" - Not really, this is about experiencing something

6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: "accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority" - Not relevant

7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: "have fixed in the mind" - Possibly, but not the best fit

8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: "have sexual intercourse with" - Not relevant
The remaining senses—knowing the nature or character of something, distinguishing between things, or perceiving something as familiar—don't capture the primary meaning here. The best fit is sense #1, where the doctor simply lacks information about which specific gene disappeared. This aligns with examples like "I know that the President lied to the people" or "I want to know who is winning the game"—all cases of possessing or lacking factual knowledge.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: Then
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. <t>Then</t>, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the usage of "Then" in the sentence:

"But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer."

The word "Then" is used here as a sentence connector, indicating what happened next in the narrative sequence. It shows a temporal progression - first Knudson made observations and assumptions, but didn't know the answer. Then (next), another team found the answer.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: - "subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)" with synonyms "so, and so, and then" and examples "then he left; go left first, then right"
   - This fits the context well. "Then" is being used to show what happened next in the sequence of events.

2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: - "in that case or as a consequence" with examples "if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to"
   - This would indicate a conditional or consequential relationship, but that's not what's happening here. The team's finding is not necessarily a consequence of Knudson's uncertainty.

3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: - "at that time" with examples "I was young then; prices were lower back then"
   - This refers to a specific point in time in the past, but here "Then" is being used as a narrative connector showing sequence, not just pointing to a time period.

The best fit is sense 1, which describes "Then" as being used as a sentence connector showing subsequent events or temporal progression, which is exactly how it's used in this context.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scientific
Target surface form: scientific
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a <t>scientific</t> team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scientific%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the practice of science | examples=scientific journals
2. sense_key=scientific%3:00:00:: | definition=conforming with the principles or methods used in science | examples=a scientific approach

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "scientific" and I need to determine which sense is being used in the context.

Let me analyze the sentence: "Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer."

The two candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=scientific%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the practice of science | examples=scientific journals
2. sense_key=scientific%3:00:00:: | definition=conforming with the principles or methods used in science | examples=a scientific approach

In this context, "scientific team" refers to a team engaged in science/scientific work. The phrase "a scientific team" is describing a team that is involved in the practice of science - they are molecular geneticists and biologists doing research work.

Sense 1 ("of or relating to the practice of science") would fit this usage - it's describing a team that is engaged in the practice of science. The example "scientific journals" also fits this pattern - journals about/relating to the practice of science.

Sense 2 ("conforming with the principles or methods used in science") would describe something that follows scientific methods/principles, like "a scientific approach" in the example.

Looking at the context again: "a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee" - this is describing a team that is involved in science/scientific practice. It's not saying the team's approach is scientific (that would be sense 2), but rather that it's a team of scientists doing science.

Sense 1 seems to be the better fit here because it's "of or relating to the practice of science" - the team is one that practices science.

The sense_index would be 1 for the first sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific <t>team</t> led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a group of scientists working together on a research project led by Webster Cavenee. This matches sense 1 ("a cooperative unit") - a group of people collaborating together. Sense 2 refers to draft animals pulling something, which is clearly inapplicable to this scientific context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "team" is being used.

The context is: "Then, a scientific <t>team</t> led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer."

This is referring to a group of scientists working together on a research project. Let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
   - This is described as a "cooperative unit (especially in sports)" with synonym "squad"
   - However, the gloss says "especially in sports" but the broader meaning of a cooperative unit would apply here

2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something
   - This refers to animals (like horses) that pull something together
   - This clearly doesn't fit - we're talking about scientists, not animals

The context is clearly about a group of scientists working together on a research project. This is a cooperative unit of people. While sense 1 says "especially in sports," the core definition of "a cooperative unit" applies to this scenario. The second sense is about draft animals, which is completely inappropriate here.

Therefore, the correct answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lead
Target surface form: led
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team <t>led</t> by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lead%2:38:01:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=take, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
2. sense_key=lead%2:42:04:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=leave, result | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
3. sense_key=lead%2:42:12:: | definition=tend to or result in | examples=This remark lead to further arguments among the guests
4. sense_key=lead%2:38:00:: | definition=travel in front of; go in advance of others | synonyms=head | examples=The procession was headed by John
5. sense_key=lead%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to undertake a certain action | examples=Her greed led her to forge the checks
6. sense_key=lead%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
7. sense_key=lead%2:41:00:: | definition=be in charge of | synonyms=head | examples=Who is heading this project?
8. sense_key=lead%2:42:01:: | definition=be ahead of others; be the first | synonyms=top | examples=she topped her class every year
9. sense_key=lead%2:41:12:: | definition=be conducive to | synonyms=contribute, conduce | examples=The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing
10. sense_key=lead%2:36:00:: | definition=lead, as in the performance of a composition | synonyms=conduct, direct | examples=conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years
11. sense_key=lead%2:42:03:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=go | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
12. sense_key=lead%2:38:02:: | definition=move ahead (of others) in time or space | synonyms=precede
13. sense_key=lead%2:42:02:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=run | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
14. sense_key=lead%2:32:01:: | definition=preside over | synonyms=moderate, chair | examples=John moderated the discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

The sentence describes a scientific team that was "led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee," which means Cavenee was in charge of the team. This matches sense 7 ("be in charge of"), which is synonymous with "head" and has the example "Who is heading this project?" This is the most accurate sense for "led" in this context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "led" in this sentence:

"Then, a scientific team <t>led</t> by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer."

The phrase "a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee" means that Webster Cavenee was in charge of or headed the scientific team.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. take somebody somewhere - Not applicable here
2. have as a result or residue - Not applicable
3. tend to or result in - Not applicable
4. travel in front of; go in advance of others - Not applicable
5. cause to undertake a certain action - Not applicable
6. stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope - Not applicable
7. be in charge of (head) - This seems to match! "Who is heading this project?"
8. be ahead of others; be the first - Not quite right
9. be conducive to - Not applicable
10. lead, as in the performance of a composition (conduct) - Not applicable
11. lead, extend, or afford access - Not applicable
12. move ahead (of others) in time or space - Not applicable
13. cause something to pass or lead somewhere - Not applicable
14. preside over (moderate, chair) - Similar to 7, but specifically about presiding

The best fit is sense 7: "be in charge of" with the example "Who is heading this project?" because the team was led BY Webster Cavenee, meaning he was in charge of it.

Sense 14 is also about being in charge, but it's more specific about "presiding over" a discussion/meeting context.

I think sense 7 is the best match because it directly matches the meaning of "being in charge of" a team.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: then
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, <t>then</t> at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "then" in this sentence:

"Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer."

The first occurrence of "then" is the target (marked with <t> tags).

Looking at the sentence structure: "He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee..."

The word "then" here is used to indicate what happened after the previous events. It's being used as a sentence connector showing temporal sequence - after Dr. Knudson found the damaged chromosome and assumed about missing genes, THEN a scientific team led by Cavenee found the answer.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
   - This matches well - "subsequently or soon afterward" and it's "often used as sentence connectors"

2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
   - This is used in conditional/consequence contexts, which doesn't quite fit

3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then
   - This refers to a specific time in the past, which doesn't fit this usage

The most appropriate sense is sense 1 - "subsequently or soon afterward" because "then" is used here as a sentence connector to show the temporal sequence of events in the narrative.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, <t>found</t> the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context describes a scientific team conducting systematic research using gene probes to determine which genes were missing in cancer patients. The phrase "found the answer" refers to establishing or determining something through a scientific investigation and experiment. Sense 4 ("establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study") best captures this meaning, especially given the example about a physicist finding a new particle through systematic research, which parallels the scenario in the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "found" to determine the best sense.

In the passage:
"Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer."

The context is about a scientific team discovering the answer to which gene had disappeared in the cancer patients. They used gene probes to track genes.

Let me go through the candidate senses:

1. "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" - This suggests accidental discovery, but "found the answer" is more intentional.

2. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - This means to discover something through investigation. The examples mention "She detected high levels of lead" and "We found traces of lead in the paint" - both involve discovering something through testing/investigation.

3. "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" - This is about locating something that was lost/missed, like finding glasses.

4. "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - This is about establishing something after investigation/experiment. The example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" is very similar to our context - scientists investigating and discovering something.

5. "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds" - This is subjective belief, not applicable here.

6. "perceive or be contemporaneous with" - Not applicable.

7. "get something or somebody for a specific purpose" - Not applicable.

8. "make a discovery, make a new finding" - This is about making a discovery. The example "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" is similar to our context.

9. "make a discovery" - Similar to 8, example includes "She found that he had lied to her".

10. "obtain through effort or management" - Not quite right.

11. "decide on and make a declaration about" - This is a legal/judgment sense, not applicable.
Senses 12-16 don't fit the context either. The strongest matches are 2, 4, 8, and 9. Sense 4 stands out because it explicitly references investigation and experimentation, which directly parallels the scientific team's methodical approach to uncovering the answer through their research.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: answer
Target surface form: answer
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the <t>answer</t>. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=answer%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation | synonyms=reply, response | examples=I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics
2. sense_key=answer%1:10:02:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, result, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=answer%1:10:00:: | definition=the speech act of replying to a question
4. sense_key=answer%1:10:03:: | definition=the principal pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims
5. sense_key=answer%1:04:00:: | definition=a nonverbal reaction | examples=his answer to any problem was to get drunk; their answer was to sue me

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes a scientific discovery where a team solved the mystery of which genes were missing from chromosome 13. The word "answer" here refers to "a statement that solves a problem" - they found the solution to the question "which gene or genes had disappeared." This matches sense 2 with its definition about solving problems and its synonym "solution," which precisely captures what the scientists discovered using gene probes.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "answer" fits best.

In the context, Dr. Knudson found a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 in children with eye cancer. He knew the missing piece contained important genes, but "did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee...found the answer."

The answer here refers to what they discovered - they found the solution to the problem of which genes were missing. This is a discovery or solution to a problem they had been trying to solve.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "a statement made to reply to a question or request" - This is about replying to a direct question. The context isn't about replying to a question directly, it's about finding a solution.

2. "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem" - This fits very well. The team found the answer to which genes had disappeared - they solved the mystery. The synonyms include "solution" which is exactly what they found. The example "the answers were in the back of the book" also shows how "answer" can mean a solution to a problem.

3. "the speech act of replying to a question" - Similar to sense 1, this is about the act of replying, which doesn't fit as well as sense 2.

4. "the principal pleading by the defendant" - This is a legal term, clearly not applicable here.

5. "a nonverbal reaction" - The examples show "his answer to any problem was to get drunk", which is different from what's happening in the text. This doesn't fit.

Sense 2 is the best fit. The scientists found the answer (solution) to which genes were missing - they solved the molecular puzzle using gene probes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The <t>team</t> used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee," which refers to a group of people working cooperatively together on a research project. This matches sense 1: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" - the broader definition of a cooperative unit applies to scientific teams as well. Sense 2 refers to draft animals, which is clearly not relevant here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "team" is being used.

The context describes "a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee." This is clearly referring to a group of people working together on a scientific project, not draft animals pulling something.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

While sense 1 specifically mentions "especially in sports," the definition "a cooperative unit" can be applied more broadly to any group working together cooperatively, including scientific teams. The synonym "squad" also fits well with the context of a research group.

Sense 2 is clearly about draft animals (like horses or oxen), which is not what the sentence is describing at all.

The answer is clearly sense 1 - this is about a cooperative unit of people working together, not animals pulling something.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team <t>used</t> a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The context shows that the team employed gene probes as a tool to accomplish their scientific goal of analyzing cells and finding defects. This is the straightforward meaning of "use" as "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose" - the defining feature of sense 1. The synonyms "utilize" and "employ" perfectly capture what the team did with the gene probes in this scientific research context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses to find the best fit for "used" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."

Looking at what "used" means here:
- The team employed/applied a battery of gene probes for a particular purpose (to analyze cells and find defects)
- This is describing using a tool or instrument for its intended purpose in scientific research

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" | synonyms: utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples: use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
   - This seems to fit well. The team is employing/utilizing gene probes for their scientific purpose. This is the most straightforward "use" meaning.

2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: "take or consume (regularly or habitually)" | synonyms: habituate | examples: She uses drugs rarely
   - Not applicable here. This is about consuming substances, not applicable to using tools.

3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: "use up, consume fully" | synonyms: expend | examples: The legislature expended its time on school questions
   - Not the right sense. While the probes might be consumed in the process, the primary meaning in context is not about consuming them fully.

4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: "seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage" | examples: She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
   - This implies exploitation or self-serving use, which doesn't fit the context of scientific research using tools.

The remaining senses don't apply either—sense 6 refers to past habits with "used to," and sense 5 is less direct than the primary meaning. Sense 1 clearly captures what's happening: the researchers deployed gene probes as instruments to accomplish their analytical goals.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battery
Target surface form: battery
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a <t>battery</t> of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battery%1:14:02:: | definition=group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place
2. sense_key=battery%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series | synonyms=electric battery
3. sense_key=battery%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of related things intended for use together | examples=took a battery of achievement tests
4. sense_key=battery%1:14:03:: | definition=a unit composed of the pitcher and catcher
5. sense_key=battery%1:06:03:: | definition=a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing ores | synonyms=stamp battery
6. sense_key=battery%1:04:01:: | definition=the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target | synonyms=barrage, barrage fire, bombardment, shelling | examples=they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops; the shelling went on for hours without pausing
7. sense_key=battery%1:04:00:: | definition=an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact | synonyms=assault and battery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The target word "battery" is used to mean a collection of related items (gene probes) intended for use together in the research. This matches sense 3, which defines battery as "a collection of related things intended for use together" with the example "took a battery of achievement tests." The context demonstrates this figurative usage where multiple gene probes are grouped as a cohesive set of research tools.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "battery" is being used.

In the sentence: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."

The word "battery" here refers to a collection of related things (gene probes) that are being used together for research purposes. This is clearly a figurative use of "battery" meaning a group or set of related items.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. Group of guns - not relevant
2. Device that produces electricity - not relevant
3. "a collection of related things intended for use together" with example "took a battery of achievement tests" - THIS IS IT
4. Unit in baseball - not relevant
5. Stamp battery for crushing ores - not relevant
6. Heavy artillery fire - not relevant
7. Physical assault - not relevant

The context clearly shows that "battery" is used to mean a collection of gene probes (tools/tests) being used together. This matches sense 3 perfectly: "a collection of related things intended for use together."

The example given in sense 3 ("took a battery of achievement tests") is nearly identical in structure to how "battery" is used in the target context ("a battery of gene probes").

The answer is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developed
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly <t>developed</t> "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "newly developed gene probes," which are tools/products that scientists recently created. Sense 1 ("make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation") fits best, as it directly parallels the examples given ("developed a new technique") and captures the meaning of inventing/creating new scientific instruments for tracking genes.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to understand which sense of "develop" is being used.

The context is about scientists who used "newly developed gene probes." The "gene probes" are described as "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."

The phrase "newly developed gene probes" is describing tools/technology that were recently created or invented.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: - "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation" - Examples include "Her company developed a new kind of building material" and "They developed a new technique". This seems very relevant since gene probes are new products/tools.

2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: - "work out" - Examples include developing a new theory. This could apply.

3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: - "gain through experience" - Less likely here.

4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: - "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - Not applicable.

5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: - "come into existence; take on form or shape" - Could apply but less specific than sense 1.

6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: - "change the use of and make available or usable" - Not quite right.

7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: - "elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses" - Not applicable.

8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: - "create by training and teaching" - Not applicable.

9-20. Other senses don't seem relevant.

The best fit is sense 1 (develop%2:36:01::) because:
- It explicitly deals with making something new (products)
- The examples mention "developed a new technique" which matches "developed gene probes"
- Gene probes are newly invented tools that scientists created, and the emphasis on "newly developed" aligns with the sense of creating novel products.

So the answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context discusses "snippets of genetic material" used as gene probes to track genes in cells. This refers to the physical material (DNA) that comprises genes, which aligns with sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene." The other senses don't fit as well—sense 1 focuses on hereditary inheritance patterns, sense 3 deals with historical origins, and sense 4 refers to the science of genetics itself rather than the actual molecular substance.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "genetic" appears:

"The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes," snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."

The phrase "genetic material" refers to the physical material that carries genetic information - this would be DNA or RNA. The context is about molecular geneticists using gene probes to analyze cellular material.

Let me examine each sense:

1. **Sense 1** (sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00): "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity" - This relates to inheritance patterns in families. While the passage does mention inherited disease (the damaged chromosome from a parent), the specific phrase "genetic material" doesn't directly refer to this aspect of heritability.

2. **Sense 2** (sense_key=genetic%3:01:02::): "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" - This directly relates to genes. "Genetic material" refers to the actual physical material (DNA) that comprises genes. This seems very relevant to the context.

3. **Sense 3** (sense_key=genetic%3:01:01::): "pertaining to or referring to origin" - This is about origins (like genetic history of a literary work). This doesn't fit the context well.

4. **Sense 4** (sense_key=genetic%3:01:00::): "of or relating to the science of genetics" - This would be more about the field/science of genetics itself. The phrase "genetic material" isn't referring to the science but to the actual material.

The phrase "genetic material" in the context of molecular biology refers to the molecules (DNA/RNA) that carry genetic information. Sense 2 ("of or relating to or produced by or being a gene") is the most precise fit because "genetic material" is the material that makes up genes - it's the physical substrate of genes.

The answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: material
Target surface form: material
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic <t>material</t> that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=material%1:27:00:: | definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
2. sense_key=material%1:10:00:: | definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. sense_key=material%1:06:00:: | definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | synonyms=fabric, cloth, textile | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent; woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC
4. sense_key=material%1:06:01:: | definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials; useful teaching materials
5. sense_key=material%1:18:00:: | definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material; she was vice-presidential material

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "snippets of genetic material" refers to the tangible, physical substance of DNA that serves as gene probes. In this scientific context, "material" describes the actual biological substance—the physical makeup of the genetic code—rather than information, supplies, or any other sense. The emphasis on "snippets" and the ability to visually track genes reinforces that this refers to the concrete, tangible substance itself.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "material" in this passage.

The target phrase is: "snippets of genetic <t>material</t>"

From the context, we learn that:
- Gene probes are "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell"
- This genetic material refers to physical DNA/genetic sequences that can be used as probes
- It's something tangible that can track genes in cells

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object" - This could fit as genetic material is tangible physical substance (DNA), synonyms include "stuff"

2. "information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form" - This is about information/data, not the physical substance itself

3. "artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers" - This is about fabric/cloth, clearly not relevant

4. "things needed for doing or making something" - Could fit, as genetic material is something needed/used for the experiment

5. "a person judged suitable for admission or employment" - Not relevant at all

Between senses 1 and 4:
- Sense 1 emphasizes the tangible, physical substance aspect
- Sense 4 emphasizes the material as things needed/used for a purpose

In this context, "genetic material" refers to the physical substance (DNA), not just "things needed for doing something." The passage describes it as "snippets" - physical pieces of genetic code. This is clearly referring to the tangible substance of DNA itself.

Sense 1 ("the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object") is the best fit. DNA is tangible biological substance.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presence
Target surface form: presence
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's <t>presence</t> in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presence%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being present; current existence | examples=he tested for the presence of radon
2. sense_key=presence%1:15:00:: | definition=the immediate proximity of someone or something | synonyms=front | examples=she blushed in his presence; he sensed the presence of danger
3. sense_key=presence%1:18:00:: | definition=an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby
4. sense_key=presence%1:09:00:: | definition=the impression that something is present | examples=he felt the presence of an evil force
5. sense_key=presence%1:07:00:: | definition=dignified manner or conduct | synonyms=bearing, comportment, mien
6. sense_key=presence%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "presence" in this context refers to the state of being present or current existence. The gene probes are used to track whether a gene exists/is present in a cell. This matches sense 1: "the state of being present; current existence." The example provided in that sense ("he tested for the presence of radon") is analogous to the scientific context here where they are testing for the presence of genes in cells.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "presence" in this scientific passage.

The relevant sentence is: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."

Here, "presence" is being used to mean "the state of being present" or "current existence." The gene probes are tracking whether a gene exists/is present in a cell. This is about the actual existence or state of a gene within a cell.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "the state of being present; current existence" - This matches perfectly. The gene probes track whether genes exist/are present in cells.

2. "the immediate proximity of someone or something" - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about physical proximity.

3. "an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby" - Definitely not relevant here.

4. "the impression that something is present" - This suggests a feeling or impression, not the actual state of presence.

5. "dignified manner or conduct" - This is about demeanor, not relevant.

6. "the act of being present" - This is similar to sense 1 but more about the action/act rather than the state.

The best fit is sense 1, which explicitly defines "presence" as "the state of being present; current existence" with the example "he tested for the presence of radon" - which is very similar to our context where gene probes test for the presence of genes.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a <t>cell</t>. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context is clearly about biological cells in the context of molecular genetics and cancer analysis. The passage mentions "cells extracted from eye tumors" and discusses tracking genes' presence "in a cell" using genetic material probes. This refers to the fundamental biological unit of organisms, which is sense 2.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "cell" is being used.

The context is about:
- Dr. Knudson studying eye cancer
- Chromosome 13 and inherited damage
- A scientific team finding defects by analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors
- Using gene probes that can "track a gene's presence in a cell"

The passage is clearly discussing cells in a biological context - specifically cells from eye tumors. The gene probes can track a gene's presence "in a cell" - this is referring to the fundamental biological unit.

Let me review the candidate senses:
1. Any small compartment (like honeycomb cells) - not relevant
2. The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms - THIS IS IT! The passage is about biological cells, the basic units of organisms
3. A device that delivers electric current - not relevant
4. A small unit serving as part of a larger political movement - not relevant
5. A hand-held mobile radiotelephone - not relevant
6. Small room where monk/nun lives - not relevant
7. A room where prisoner is kept - not relevant

The context clearly indicates biological cells - cells from eye tumors, where genetic material can be tracked. This is sense 2, which defines it as "the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms."

The sense index should be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyze
Target surface form: analyzing
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By <t>analyzing</t> cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyze%2:31:00:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=analyze%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
3. sense_key=analyze%2:31:04:: | definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse | examples=analyze today's financial market
4. sense_key=analyze%2:31:03:: | definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes scientists examining cells extracted from eye tumors to identify genetic defects. This is a technical, scientific analysis where the cells (specimens) are broken down into components to understand their genetic structure. Sense 2 is the best fit because it specifically covers "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features" and includes "analyze a specimen" as an example, which directly parallels the scenario of analyzing tumor cell specimens.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "analyze" (as "analyzing") is being used.

The context describes:
- Cells extracted from eye tumors
- The scientists are examining/breaking down these cells to discover genetic defects
- They're looking at the structure of chromosomes and genes
- The method involves using gene probes to track genetic material

Let me examine each sense:

1. "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning" - This is a general sense meaning to study carefully to understand. Example: analyzing a sonnet or criminal evidence.

2. "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features" - This involves breaking something down into parts, often in a technical/scientific way. Examples: analyzing a specimen, analyzing a sentence.

3. "break down into components or essential features" - Very similar to sense 2, more general application. Example: analyzing financial market.

4. "subject to psychoanalytic treatment" - This is about psychological analysis/therapy. Not relevant here.

In this context, they are examining cells extracted from tumors to break down and understand their genetic structure. They're performing a scientific, technical examination to discover which genes are defective. This is most consistent with sense 2, which specifically mentions "analyze a specimen" as an example - and they are literally analyzing cellular specimens from tumors.

Sense 2 seems most appropriate because:
- It explicitly mentions "specimen" as an example
- It involves breaking down something (cells) into components to understand genetic defects
- It's about technical/scientific analysis
- The context is clearly about examining cellular/genetic material

The answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing <t>cells</t> extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context is clearly biological/medical: analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors to examine chromosome defects and genetic material. The passage discusses cells in their fundamental biological role as the basic structural units of organisms containing genetic material (chromosomes and genes). This directly corresponds to sense 2, the standard biological definition of cell.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "cell" is being used.

The context is about:
- A chromosome with a missing piece
- A gene related to cancer
- A scientific team using "gene probes" to track genes in a cell
- Analyzing "cells extracted from eye tumors"
- Finding defects in chromosome 13

This is clearly a biological/medical context. The passage is discussing cells in the biological sense - the basic structural and functional unit of organisms. The cells are extracted from tumors and analyzed for genetic defects.

Let me review the candidate senses:
1. "any small compartment" (like honeycomb cells) - This is too general
2. "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms" - This matches perfectly with the context
3. "a device that delivers an electric current" - No, this is not about batteries or electrical cells
4. "a small unit serving as part of a larger political movement" - No, not political
5. "a hand-held mobile radiotelephone" - No, this is not about phones
6. "small room in which a monk or nun lives" - No, not about religious cells
7. "a room where a prisoner is kept" - No, not about prison cells

The answer is clearly sense 2: the biological definition of cell. The context mentions cells extracted from tumors, and the passage is about analyzing genes and chromosomes within these cells, which is clearly referring to biological cells.

The sense index should be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extract
Target surface form: extracted
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells <t>extracted</t> from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extract%2:35:04:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
2. sense_key=extract%2:40:00:: | definition=get despite difficulties or obstacles | examples=I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions
3. sense_key=extract%2:36:00:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, evoke, elicit, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
4. sense_key=extract%2:30:00:: | definition=extract by the process of distillation | synonyms=distill, distil | examples=distill the essence of this compound
5. sense_key=extract%2:35:07:: | definition=separate (a metal) from an ore
6. sense_key=extract%2:35:05:: | definition=obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action | synonyms=press out, express | examples=Italians express coffee rather than filter it
7. sense_key=extract%2:31:00:: | definition=take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy | synonyms=excerpt, take out
8. sense_key=extract%2:31:02:: | definition=calculate the root of a number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The word "extracted" in this context means the cells were removed or taken out from the eye tumors for analysis. This matches sense 1, which defines "extract" as "remove, usually with some force or effort" with synonyms like "pull out, take out, draw out." The biological sample collection involves removing tissue/cells from the source, which is the core meaning of this sense.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."

The word "extracted" here means that the cells were taken/removed from eye tumors. The scientists are removing biological samples (cells) from tumors for analysis.

Let me go through the senses:

1. sense_key=extract%2:35:04:: - "remove, usually with some force or effort" - pull weeds, extract a bad tooth. This is about removing something by pulling or force.

2. sense_key=extract%2:40:00:: - "get despite difficulties or obstacles" - extracting a promise. This is more abstract.

3. sense_key=extract%2:36:00:: - "deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning)" - drawing out meaning from data. This is about deriving information.

4. sense_key=extract%2:30:00:: - "extract by the process of distillation" - distilling essence. This is specific to chemical extraction.

5. sense_key=extract%2:35:07:: - "separate (a metal) from an ore" - specific to metallurgy.

6. sense_key=extract%2:35:05:: - "obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action" - pressing out, expressing. This is about obtaining something from a substance.

7. sense_key=extract%2:31:00:: - "take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy" - excerpting text.

8. sense_key=extract%2:31:02:: - "calculate the root of a number" - mathematical operation.

In the context, "cells extracted from eye tumors" means the cells were removed/taken out from the tumors. This most closely matches sense 1, which is about removing something. The verb "extracted" means the cells were removed from the tumors for analysis.
Sense 1 best captures what's happening—the fundamental action of taking something out from a source.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to eye tumors in a medical/anatomical setting. The phrase "cells extracted from eye tumors" indicates the eye as the physical organ of sight, where cancerous tumors are being examined. This is the literal anatomical reference to the organ, not figurative usage related to discernment, attention, center of something, or a small opening.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "eye" in this passage.

The context is about cancer research, specifically about analyzing tumor cells. The phrase is "cells extracted from eye tumors."

Let me look at each candidate sense:

1. "the organ of sight" - This refers to the physical eye as the organ that allows sight. This would make sense in a medical context discussing tumors in the eye.

2. "good discernment (either visually or as if visually)" - This is about having judgment or taste (e.g., "eye for fashion"). This doesn't fit the context.

3. "attention to what is seen" - This is about looking/seeing (e.g., "catch her eye"). This doesn't fit the context.

4. "an area that is approximately central within some larger region" - This is about the center/heart of something (like the eye of a hurricane). This doesn't fit the medical context about tumors.

5. "a small hole or loop (as in a needle)" - This is about a physical opening like in a needle. This doesn't fit the medical context about tumors.

The sentence is "cells extracted from eye tumors" - this is clearly referring to the eye as the organ of sight, specifically tumors that occur in or are extracted from the eye organ. This is a medical/anatomical context.

The answer is sense 1: "the organ of sight"


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they <t>found</t> defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

The context describes a systematic analysis of cells using gene probes to detect the presence of defects in chromosome 13. The sense "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (sense 2) best captures this meaning, as the team is determining/detecting the presence of specific chromosome abnormalities through laboratory analysis. The example "We found traces of lead in the paint" is particularly parallel to this usage—both involve discovering the presence of something through careful analysis or investigation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "found" in this sentence:

"By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."

The team is using gene probes to detect/discover defects in chromosome 13. They are searching through analyzed cells and discovering or determining the existence/presence of these defects.

Let me go through the candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "come upon, as if by accident" - This suggests accidental discovery, but the context is about systematic analysis with gene probes, not accidental discovery.

2. Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - This fits well. The examples include "We found traces of lead in the paint" which is very similar - detecting/discovering the presence of something through analysis.

3. Sense 3: "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" - This is about locating lost things, not about discovering the presence/existence of defects.

4. Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - This could fit since they're doing analysis and investigation. The example "The physicist who found the elusive particle" is similar.

5. Sense 5: "come to believe on the basis of emotion" - Not relevant.

6. Sense 6: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" - Not the right fit.

7. Sense 7: "get something or somebody for a specific purpose" - Not relevant.

8. Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" - This could fit, similar to sense 2.

9. Sense 9: "make a discovery" - Similar to sense 8 and 2.

10. Sense 10: "obtain through effort or management" - Not the best fit.

11-16: Not relevant.

The best candidates are senses 2, 4, 8, and 9.
Sense 2 appears most precise—it directly captures detecting the presence of defects through systematic analysis, much like the lead traces example. Sense 4 also works well since the discovery results from deliberate investigation and analysis, though sense 2 more specifically emphasizes the detection aspect rather than the broader establishment through study.