[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impair
Target surface form: impaired
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impair%2:30:00:: | definition=make worse or less effective | examples=His vision was impaired
2. sense_key=impair%2:30:01:: | definition=make imperfect | synonyms=mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate | examples=nothing marred her beauty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a gene that, when impaired, loses its function as a cancer suppressor and allows healthy cells to become cancerous. This indicates a loss of effectiveness or functional capacity of the gene, which aligns with sense 1 ("make worse or less effective"). The passage emphasizes the functional compromise of the p53 gene's tumor-suppressing ability, rather than general damage or spoiling, making sense 1 the better fit.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the two candidate senses for "impaired" in this passage.

Context: "a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

The passage is discussing genes that suppress cancer. The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor. When this gene is "impaired," it loses its function to suppress cancer, allowing healthy cells to become cancerous.

Sense 1: "make worse or less effective" - This means to reduce the effectiveness or quality of something. The example "His vision was impaired" shows a situation where a function (vision) becomes less effective.

Sense 2: "make imperfect" - This means to damage or spoil something. Synonyms are mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate. The example shows that something becomes damaged or flawed.

In the context, the p53 gene when impaired loses its cancer-suppressing function. This means its effectiveness is reduced - it can no longer effectively suppress cancer. The gene's function to suppress cancer becomes less effective.

Both senses could work, but sense 1 ("make worse or less effective") is more specifically aligned with the idea that a gene's function or effectiveness is being reduced. When a tumor suppressor gene is impaired, its ability to suppress tumors is made less effective, which results in cancerous transformation.

Sense 2 is more about making something flawed or damaged in a general sense.

I think sense 1 is the better fit because the context specifically deals with functional impairment - the gene's ability to function as a tumor suppressor is being compromised, making it "less effective."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turns
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 16}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 16}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "turns" in the sentence:

"Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous."

This means the gene p53, when impaired, causes healthy colon cells to become cancerous. So we need a sense that means "to cause something to change into something else" or "to cause to become."

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. Change orientation or direction - No, not about direction
2. Undergo a transformation - This is more about the subject itself undergoing change
3. Undergo a change or development; become - "The water turned into ice" - This is passive, subject changes
4. Cause to move around or rotate - No, not about rotation
5. Change to the contrary/reverse - No
6. Pass to the other side - No
7. Pass into a condition gradually - "The weather turned nasty; She grew angry" - This could work but it's about gradual change
16. Cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics - "The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold" - This looks perfect! It's about causing something to transform into something else.

Looking at sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics" with examples "The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold"

This matches perfectly with "a gene... turns healthy colon cells cancerous" - the gene causes healthy cells to transform into cancerous cells.

The answer is sense 16.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

In the context "turns healthy colon cells cancerous," the word "healthy" is being used to describe normal cells that are free from disease, in direct contrast to the cancerous cells they become when the p53 gene is impaired. This matches sense 1, which defines "healthy" as "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "healthy" in this sentence:

"Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

In this context, "healthy" is describing colon cells that are normal, not diseased. The sentence is contrasting healthy cells with cancerous cells - it's saying that when the p53 gene is impaired, it turns normal, disease-free cells into cancerous cells.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease" - This fits well. The healthy cells are the ones free from disease, contrasting with the cancerous cells that result when the gene is impaired.

2. "financially secure and functioning well" - This doesn't apply to cells.

3. "promoting health; healthful" - This could apply but seems more about something that promotes health rather than something that is in a healthy state.

4. "exercising or showing good judgment" - This doesn't apply to cells.

5. "large in amount or extent or degree" - This doesn't apply to describing the state of cells as healthy.

The best fit is sense 1, which directly describes cells that are free from infirmity or disease, which is exactly what the context indicates - cells that have not yet been turned cancerous by the impaired p53 gene.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colon
Target surface form: colon
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context is clearly medical/anatomical. The passage discusses a gene (p53) that, when impaired, "turns healthy colon cells cancerous." This refers to the part of the large intestine where colorectal cancer can develop. The monetary units, city name, and punctuation mark senses are entirely irrelevant to this cancer research discussion.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "colon" is being used.

The sentence is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous."

This is clearly referring to a medical/anatomical context. The text is discussing cancer-related research, specifically about genes that suppress cancer. The mention of "colon cells" that can become cancerous is referring to cells in the part of the large intestine.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. colon%1:08:00:: - the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. colon%1:23:01:: - the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. colon%1:23:00:: - the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. colon%1:15:00:: - a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. colon%1:10:00:: - a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Given the medical context discussing cancer cells in the colon, the correct sense is clearly sense 1 - the part of the large intestine. This makes perfect sense because the text is talking about how a damaged p53 gene can turn healthy colon cells cancerous, which is a medical fact about colorectal cancer.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly refers to biological cells in the study of cancer. The passage discusses "retinal cell growth," "colon cells," and cancer-related cellular changes. Sense 2 is the biological definition: "the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms," which perfectly matches this scientific discussion about how genes affect cellular behavior and cancer development.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "cells" in this sentence.

The context is: "researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

This is clearly referring to biological cells - specifically colon cells in the context of cancer research. The passage discusses:
- Retinal cell growth (beginning of passage)
- Cancer research
- Genes and how they affect cells
- Colon cells becoming cancerous
- Tissue from lung and breast cancers

The passage is entirely about biology and cancer at the cellular level.

Now let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "any small compartment" (examples: cells of a honeycomb) - This is too general/metaphorical
2. "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals" - This is clearly about biological cells, which matches the context perfectly
3. "a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction" - This is about batteries/electrical cells, not biological
4. "a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement" - This is about political movements, not relevant
5. "a hand-held mobile radiotelephone" - This is about mobile phones/cellular phones, not relevant
6. "small room in which a monk or nun lives" - This is about monastic cells, not relevant
7. "a room where a prisoner is kept" - This is about prison cells, not relevant

The answer is clearly sense 2, which is the biological definition of cells as the basic structural and functional unit of organisms. This perfectly matches the context of discussing colon cells in cancer research.

The instruction says to return the sense_index, which would be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancerous
Target surface form: cancerous
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a scientific discovery about how an impaired p53 gene "turns healthy colon cells cancerous." This is a literal, medical use referring to cells becoming affected with or relating to cancer, not a metaphorical sense. Sense 1 (relating to or affected with cancer) is the appropriate choice, as exemplified by "a cancerous growth" which parallels the usage in discussing actual malignant cell transformation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "cancerous" is being used.

The target word is "cancerous" in the phrase: "a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

In the context, we have a scientific passage discussing cancer research. The passage specifically mentions:
- A gene that controls retinal cell growth
- Cancer-suppressors
- A gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous
- The p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers

The sentence "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" is clearly referring to the medical/biological condition where normal cells become malignant cells with cancer. This is a literal use of "cancerous" meaning "affected with cancer" or "relating to cancer."

Sense 1 is about literal cancer - cells that are affected with or relating to cancer. This matches perfectly.

Sense 2 is metaphorical - "like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads" - as shown in examples like "remorse was cancerous within him" where it's used figuratively.

In this context, we're talking about actual cells becoming affected with cancer, not a metaphorical use. So sense 1 is the correct choice.

Sense 1 has index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The target word "report" refers to the announcement or news account of the p53 gene discovery published by researchers. The phrase "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence..." shows it's being used to mean a news account or announcement of scientific findings, which matches sense 3: "a short account of the news."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word is "report" appearing in the phrase "Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence..."

Looking at the context:
- In the previous sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..."
- Then: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present..."

So "report" here refers to the reporting/announcement of a scientific finding. It's a reference to the news or announcement about the discovery of the p53 gene.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense 1 (report%1:10:03::): "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" - This could work, but doesn't capture the news/announcement aspect as well.

2. sense 2 (report%1:10:01::): "the act of informing by verbal report" - This is about the act of reporting, not the report itself as a noun.

3. sense 3 (report%1:10:00::): "a short account of the news" - This fits very well. It's referring to the news announcement/report about the p53 gene discovery. Examples include "the report of his speech" which is similar in structure to "report of the finding."

4. sense 4 (report%1:11:00::): "a sharp explosive sound" - Doesn't apply at all.

5. sense 5 (report%1:10:04::): "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment" - Doesn't apply.

6. sense 6 (report%1:10:02::): "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)" - Doesn't fit the context.

7. sense 7 (report%1:09:00::): "the general estimation that the public has for a person" - Doesn't apply.

The best fit is sense 3: "a short account of the news" because "report" here refers to the announcement/news about the p53 gene discovery that was announced by researchers.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "other" in this context means "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." The sentence refers to "two other research teams" that found evidence about the p53 gene in lung and breast cancers, distinguishing them from the previously mentioned research teams (Dr. Dryja's team and the team that initially reported finding the p53 gene). This is a straightforward use of "other" to indicate additional, different entities.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "other" appears:

"Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The sentence is referring to research teams. Earlier in the text, Dr. Dryja's team made a discovery, and then researchers found the p53 gene. Now "two other research teams" are mentioned - meaning additional, different research teams.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - This fits. The sentence is saying these are different research teams from the ones previously mentioned (Dr. Dryja's team and the team that reported finding p53).

2. "recently past" - This doesn't fit. "Other" in this context isn't describing a time period.

3. "belonging to the distant past" - This doesn't fit either. Again, this is not about time.

4. "very unusual; different in character or quality" - This doesn't fit. The research teams are described as normal scientific teams, not unusual or strange.

The best fit is clearly sense 1, which defines "other" as "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." This is the standard use of "other" to refer to additional or different entities beyond those previously mentioned.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "research teams" that "uncovered evidence" together. This refers to a cooperative unit of people (researchers) working together on a common goal. While sense 1 glosses this as "especially in sports," the core definition of "a cooperative unit" applies directly to research teams. Sense 2 refers to draft animals, which is clearly not applicable here.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "teams" and I need to determine which sense is most appropriate in the context.

Let me analyze the context:
"Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The word "teams" here refers to groups of researchers/scientists working together on a research project. This is not about sports teams (sense 1 - "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)") and it's definitely not about draft animals pulling something (sense 2).

However, looking at sense 1 more carefully: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" - the key word here is "cooperative unit." While sense 1 mentions sports specifically, the definition is broader - it's about a cooperative unit. Research teams are indeed cooperative units of people working together.

Sense 2 is clearly about animals working together to pull something, which doesn't apply here.

So the best fit is sense 1 (sense_index: 1), as "research teams" are cooperative units, even though the sense glosses it as "especially in sports."

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 is defined as "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" with synonym "squad". The word "team" in the context of "research teams" definitely refers to a group of people working together cooperatively. This matches sense 1 - a cooperative unit. The "especially in sports" is just noting a common context, but the definition itself is broader.

So the answer should be sense_index: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes researchers uncovering scientific information that supports a belief about the presence of the p53 gene in cancer tissues. This aligns with sense 1 - "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" - which describes evidence as foundational knowledge that supports conclusions. The scientific example provided in sense 1 ("the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling") is parallel in meaning and context to the usage here. Sense 3 is inapplicable (legal context), and sense 2, while related, is narrower in scope than the comprehensive notion of evidence as a basis for belief intended here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the three candidate senses for the word "evidence" in this sentence:

"Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The three senses are:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: - "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" with example "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling"
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: - "an indication that makes something evident" with example "his trembling was evidence of his fear"
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: - "(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved"

In the context, the researchers "uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers." This is clearly about scientific evidence that supports a fact or belief - that the p53 gene is present in these cancers.

Sense 3 is about legal evidence, which is clearly not the intended meaning here since this is a scientific context, not a legal one.

Sense 2 talks about "an indication that makes something evident" - this is somewhat similar to sense 1, but sense 1 is broader: "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief."

Sense 1 is the best fit because:
- The researchers uncovered something that serves as a basis for belief about the presence of the p53 gene
- The example in sense 1 is also scientific in nature ("the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer")
- This fits perfectly with how evidence is being used in the scientific research context

I would choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "the same damaged p53 gene" refers to the identical gene mentioned in the previous sentence as being associated with colon cancer. The context establishes that this specific p53 gene (the one that was reported to turn healthy colon cells cancerous) is the very same genetic element found in lung and breast cancer tissues. This is a reference to identity—the exact same object across different contexts—which corresponds to sense 1.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "same" is being used.

The sentence is: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The word "same" here is referring to the p53 gene that was mentioned in the previous sentence - the one that "if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." The text is saying that the identical p53 gene (the one discussed as being associated with colon cancer) is also found in lung and breast cancers.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "same in identity" - definition says it refers to identical in nature/person. Examples: "the same man I saw yesterday" - this is about identity, the exact same person. "never wore the same dress twice" - the exact same dress.

2. "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" - Examples: "curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age" - this refers to similarity in properties.

3. "equal in amount or value" - synonyms like "equivalent amounts"

4. "unchanged in character or nature" - Examples: "the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever" - this refers to not changing.

In the context, "the same damaged p53 gene" is referring to the identical gene that was mentioned earlier. It's not just similar in quality - it's the same gene. This is about identity - the very same genetic element being discussed in different contexts (colon cancer vs lung and breast cancers).

Sense 1 (identity) seems most appropriate here. The gene mentioned earlier is identical to the one found in lung and breast tissue.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a p53 gene that is "impaired" and causes health problems - it's a gene that is malfunctioning or defective at the biological level. This aligns with sense 1 ("harmed or injured or spoiled"), similar to how "damaged goods" are defective or spoiled. Sense 2, which refers to reputational harm or disgrace, is not applicable to a gene's physical/functional impairment.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "damaged" is being used.

The sentence reads: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The context is about a p53 gene that, according to the earlier sentence, "if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." So the damaged p53 gene is one that is malfunctioning or defective at the biological level.

Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "harmed or injured or spoiled" - This is the physical/material damage sense. The examples given are "damaged goods" and "badly damaged buildings." This refers to physical harm or injury to something.

2. Sense 2: "being unjustly brought into disrepute" - This is about reputation or status being harmed negatively. The examples are "a discredited politician" and "her damaged reputation." This is about loss of esteem or reputation.

In the context of the p53 gene, "damaged" refers to the gene being malfunctioned, impaired, or defective - which causes it to be unable to function properly (it turns healthy cells cancerous instead of suppressing cancer). This is closer to sense 1 - the gene is "harmed" or "spoiled" in its function, similar to how damaged goods are spoiled or defective.

Sense 2 doesn't fit because we're not talking about the gene's reputation being harmed - we're talking about the gene itself being defective/malfunctioning.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%3:00:01:: | definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
2. sense_key=present%3:00:02:: | definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The target word "present" in the context means the p53 gene exists or is located in tissue from lung and breast cancers. This matches Sense 2, which defines "present" as "being or existing in a specified place" (similar to "the murderer is present in this room"). The sentence is describing the physical presence/location of the gene in particular tissues, not referring to a temporal sense.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "present" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Here we're talking about the p53 gene being in tissue from lung and breast cancers. The word "present" is describing whether this gene exists/is located in that tissue.

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration" - This refers to something existing currently in time (like "the present leader" or "articles for present use").

2. Sense 2: "being or existing in a specified place" - This refers to something existing in a particular location (like "the murderer is present in this room").

In the context, we're saying the gene IS PRESENT in the tissue - meaning it exists or is located in that tissue. This is spatial/locational sense. The phrase "present in tissue" is very similar to the example "present in this room" - both are talking about existence in a specific location.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context is discussing cancer research and finding a damaged p53 gene "in tissue from lung and breast cancers." This clearly refers to biological tissue—the cellular material comprising organs and body parts—not tissue paper. The passage is about medical/scientific investigation of cancer at the cellular level.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "tissue" and I need to determine which sense is being used in the context.

Let me look at the context:
"Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The passage is discussing cancer research and mentions finding a damaged p53 gene in "tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The two candidate senses are:
1. "part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function" - This is biological tissue (like lung tissue, breast tissue, etc.)
2. "a soft thin (usually translucent) paper" - This is tissue paper

In the context of cancer research, specifically discussing lung and breast cancers and finding a damaged gene "in tissue from lung and breast cancers," it's clear that this refers to biological tissue - the actual cells and cellular material from the tumors/cancers, not tissue paper.

So the answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "most" is used to form the superlative of "common" in "the most common and lethal forms of the disease." This directly matches sense 1, which defines "most" as "used to form the superlative." The example provided (the king cobra is the most dangerous snake) is structurally parallel to the context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the word "most" in the sentence:

"Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease..."

Here, "most" is used to form the superlative of the adjective "common". It's comparing colon, lung and breast cancers to other forms of cancer to show they are the most common forms.

Let me look at the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
   - This matches the usage. "most common" is the superlative form of "common"
   - The example given is "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake" which is exactly parallel to our usage

2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
   - This would mean "very common and lethal"
   - This is possible, but it's less likely in this context. If they meant "very," they would probably say it differently.

3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
   - This doesn't fit at all. This would mean "almost common and lethal" which doesn't make sense in context.

The best match is sense 1. The word "most" is clearly being used to form the superlative form of "common" (and "lethal"), which is exactly what sense 1 defines.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "common" in this context means "widely known or commonly encountered; ordinary or usual." The passage is stating that colon, lung, and breast cancers are the most frequently occurring (commonly encountered) and lethal forms of the disease, based on their prevalence and death toll statistics. This matches sense 2, which describes something that is widely encountered and ordinary/usual.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "common" in this passage.

The sentence is: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

In this context, "common" is used to describe something that is frequently occurring or widespread. The passage is stating that these three types of cancers are the most frequently encountered/widespread forms of the disease.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public" - This doesn't fit. The cancers aren't being shared by the community.

2. "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" - This seems to fit. The passage is saying these cancers are widely encountered/occur frequently. "the common man" and "a common sailor" examples suggest "frequently encountered" or "ordinary/usual"

3. "common to or shared by two or more parties" - This is about something being mutual/shared, which doesn't apply here.

4. "commonly encountered" with synonym "usual" - This fits well. These cancers are commonly encountered (occurring frequently in the population).

5. "being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language" - This is about vernacular language, not applicable.

6. "of or associated with the great masses of people" - This is about class/social status, not the frequency of cancers.

7. "of low or inferior quality or value" - Not applicable.

8. "lacking refinement or cultivation or taste" - Not applicable.

9. "to be expected; standard" - This could work, but it's more about what is expected/standard.

The best fits are senses 2 and 4. Both relate to "commonly encountered" or "usual/ordinary."
Sense 2 and sense 4 are quite similar in meaning. Sense 2 is more comprehensive, encompassing "widely known or commonly encountered" alongside "ordinary or usual," while sense 4 focuses specifically on "commonly encountered" with "usual" as a synonym. Since the passage emphasizes that these cancers are the most frequently occurring forms of the disease, sense 2 best captures this meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

**Reasoning:** In the context "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease," the word "forms" refers to different types or categories of cancer. Sense 2 defines "form" as "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" with synonyms "kind, sort, variety," which directly matches this usage. This is analogous to the provided example "sculpture is a form of art."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "forms" is being used.

The sentence is: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Here, "forms" is being used to mean "types" or "kinds" of cancer. The context is talking about different categories of the disease (cancer).

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. form%1:10:00:: - phonological/orthographic form (a word form) - not relevant
2. form%1:09:01:: - a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic (kind, sort, variety) - THIS seems very relevant
3. form%1:09:00:: - a perceptual structure/shape/pattern - not really fitting
4. form%1:07:01:: - spatial attributes/shape/configuration - not fitting
5. form%1:08:00:: - body of human being - not fitting
6. form%1:03:00:: - spatial arrangement - not fitting
7. form%1:07:00:: - visual appearance - not fitting
8. form%1:10:01:: - printed document - not fitting
9. form%1:14:02:: - biology: group of organisms within species - possibly fitting but too specific
10. form%1:10:02:: - arrangement of elements in composition - not fitting
11. form%1:07:03:: - particular mode in which something is manifested - could fit but less direct
12. form%1:26:00:: - distinct state of matter/phase - not fitting
13. form%1:14:00:: - body of students/class - not fitting
14. form%1:07:02:: - ability to perform - not fitting
15. form%1:06:00:: - life-size dummy - not fitting
16. form%1:06:01:: - mold for concrete - not fitting

The best match is sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" with synonyms "kind, sort, variety". The examples given include "sculpture is a form of art" which is very similar to the usage here - different types/kinds of cancer are different forms of the disease.

So the answer should be sense 2, which is at index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kill
Target surface form: killing
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
2. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: | definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: | definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: | definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
5. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: | definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: | definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: | definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: | definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: | definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night
12. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: | definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: | definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: | definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The word "killing" in this context means that the cancers are causing death—the diseases are fatal to thousands of Americans annually. This matches sense 4 ("be fatal"), which describes something as being a cause of death, similar to the examples "cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills." The context is about disease mortality, not intentional harm, making this the most appropriate sense.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "killing" in the sentence:

"Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year."

The word "killing" here is used in the context of cancer causing death. The cancers are collectively causing the death of almost 200,000 Americans per year.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly" - This emphasizes intentional killing
2. "thwart the passage of" - Not relevant
3. "end or extinguish by forceful means" - Not the right meaning
4. "be fatal" - This is about something being the cause of death without specifying intentionality
5. "be the source of great pain for" - Not relevant
6. "overwhelm with hilarity" - Not relevant
7. "hit with so much force as to make a return impossible" - Not relevant
8. "hit with great force" - Not relevant
9. "deprive of life" - This is similar to sense 1 but more general
10. "cause the death of, without intention" - This specifically notes unintentional killing
11. "drink down entirely" - Not relevant
12. "mark for deletion" - Not relevant
13. "tire out completely" - Not relevant
14. "cause to cease operating" - Not relevant
15. "destroy a vitally essential quality of" - Not relevant

The key here is that the cancers are causing death. The sentence says "killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" - these are deaths caused by disease, which is not intentional. This would be either sense 4 ("be fatal"), sense 9 ("deprive of life"), or sense 10 ("cause the death of, without intention").

Sense 4 "be fatal" seems most appropriate because it emphasizes that something is the cause of death, and in this context the disease/cancer is what's fatal.
Comparing the remaining options, sense 4 fits best. The examples given—like "cigarettes kill" and "drunken driving kills"—show inanimate things causing death through their inherent harmful nature, which matches how disease causes mortality. Sense 10 focuses on accidental deaths, while sense 9 is too general. The cancers are fatal agents causing these deaths.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: Americans
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "Americans" in the context refers to people living in the United States who die from cancer. The passage discusses cancer mortality statistics and mentions U.S. laboratories conducting research, indicating a focus on the United States specifically. This corresponds to sense 1, which defines Americans as natives or inhabitants of the United States.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Americans" in the context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Let me analyze the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

In the context, "Americans" refers to people. The text mentions "killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" in the context of cancers. This is clearly referring to people.

Sense 2 is about the English language, so it's immediately ruled out.

Now I need to decide between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1: natives or inhabitants of the United States
- Sense 3: natives or inhabitants of North American, Central American, or South American countries

The context discusses cancer statistics that are being referenced in what appears to be a medical/scientific publication. The article mentions "the U.S., Canada and Britain" as locations where laboratories are racing to find genes. The focus of the article seems to be primarily on the United States (given the context about cancer statistics).

The more natural interpretation of "Americans" in this context, especially when talking about mortality statistics in what appears to be a U.S.-based publication, is people from the United States specifically, rather than all of North/Central/South America.

So the best sense is sense 1: "a native or inhabitant of the United States"


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context states that 200,000 Americans die "a year" from these cancers. This is referring to a standard 12-month period (365 or 366 days) as a unit of temporal measurement for annual mortality statistics. This corresponds to sense 1, which defines year as "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense for "year" in this sentence:

"Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

The phrase "a year" here refers to a period of time during which 200,000 Americans die from cancer. This is a straightforward temporal measurement - the sentence is saying that annually, 200,000 Americans die from these cancers.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr
   - This refers to a 12-month period, the standard calendar year

2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity
   - This would be something like a "school year" - a specific part of the year designated for a particular purpose

3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun
   - This is about astronomical/orbital periods

4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together
   - This is about a class of students

In the context, "a year" clearly means a 12-month period of time. The sentence is stating that annually (per year/per 12-month period), 200,000 Americans die from these cancers. This is sense 1 - the standard 365/366-day period.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. <t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "Right" in "Right now about a dozen laboratories..." means "at the present moment" or "immediately," referring to the current time when laboratories are racing to discover tumor-suppressing genes. This matches sense 2 (immediately), which captures the temporal meaning of "right now" in context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "Right" in the context provided.

The sentence is: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

In this context, "Right" means "at this moment" or "at the present time." It's used to describe the current time.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. "precisely, exactly" - No, doesn't fit
2. "immediately" - This could fit, but the primary meaning here is more about the present time
3. "exactly" - No
4. "toward or on the right; also used figuratively" - No, not about direction
5. "in the right manner" - No
6. "an interjection expressing agreement" - No
7. "completely" - No
8. "(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree" - No
9. "in accordance with moral or social standards" - No
10. "in an accurate manner" - No

Looking more carefully at sense 2: "immediately" with example "she called right after dinner" - this doesn't quite fit either because "right now" means "at this moment" or "at the present time."

Actually, wait. Let me reconsider. "Right now" is an idiom that means "at the present moment" or "immediately" or "at this time." Looking at the senses again:

Sense 2 says "immediately" with examples like "she called right after dinner" - this shows "right" used to mean something happening soon after or immediately.

In "Right now," it means "at the present moment" which is similar to "immediately" or "at this time."

The best fit would be sense 2: "immediately" because that captures the temporal meaning of "right now" as used in the context.