[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for <t>president</t> than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context is clearly about U.S. elections, specifically discussing voting patterns in "races for president" and the "popular vote for president" in the United States. The passage references specific U.S. political figures (Adlai Stevenson, Goldwater) and compares presidential election results to congressional elections. Sense 2 is the most appropriate as it specifically defines the head of state of the United States government, which is what the passage discusses in the context of U.S. presidential elections.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "president" in this passage.

The passage discusses:
- Political ticket splitting between presidential and congressional elections
- Voters' preferences in races for president vs Congress
- The rise of voting for different parties at different electoral levels
- Specifically mentions "races for president" and "popular vote for president"

The target word "president" appears in the context: "voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress" and "the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats"

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: - an executive officer of a firm or corporation
   - Not relevant here; this is about government elections, not corporate leadership

2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: - the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government
   - This is specifically about the U.S. President as a person
   - The context is about "races for president" and "popular vote for president" - this is about the U.S. presidential election

3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: - the chief executive of a republic
   - This is more general; could apply to any republic, not specifically the U.S.
   - The context is clearly about U.S. politics (mentions Adlai Stevenson, Goldwater, references to U.S. congressional districts)

4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: - the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization
   - Not relevant; this is about election politics, not organizational leadership

5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: - the head administrative officer of a college or university
   - Not relevant; this is about government elections, not academic leadership

6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: - the office of the United States head of state
   - This treats "president" as an office/position rather than a person
   - The context speaks of "races for president" and "popular vote for president," which refers to the position being voted on in U.S. elections

Between senses 2 and 6, the passage is discussing U.S. electoral competition and voting patterns. The references to specific American political figures like Adlai Stevenson and Goldwater, combined with the focus on U.S. congressional districts, make it clear this is about American presidential politics. Sense 2 refers to the person holding the office, while sense 6 refers to the office itself—and given the phrasing "races for president" and "popular vote for president," the text is discussing the position being contested rather than a specific individual.

The answer is sense index 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seat
Target surface form: seats
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional <t>seats</t> or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seat%1:15:01:: | definition=a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane) | synonyms=place | examples=he booked their seats in advance; he sat in someone else's place
2. sense_key=seat%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
3. sense_key=seat%1:06:01:: | definition=furniture that is designed for sitting on | examples=there were not enough seats for all the guests
4. sense_key=seat%1:06:00:: | definition=any support where you can sit (especially the part of a chair or bench etc. on which you sit) | examples=he dusted off the seat before sitting down
5. sense_key=seat%1:15:00:: | definition=a center of authority (as a city from which authority is exercised)
6. sense_key=seat%1:15:02:: | definition=the location (metaphorically speaking) where something is based | examples=the brain is said to be the seat of reason
7. sense_key=seat%1:07:00:: | definition=the legal right to sit as a member in a legislative or similar body | examples=he was elected to a seat in the Senate
8. sense_key=seat%1:06:03:: | definition=a part of a machine that supports or guides another part
9. sense_key=seat%1:06:02:: | definition=the cloth covering for the buttocks | examples=the seat of his pants was worn through

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

The target word "seats" refers to positions of membership in Congress. The passage discusses the number of congressional seats won by the GOP compared to their popular vote percentage. This aligns with sense 7, which defines "seat" as "the legal right to sit as a member in a legislative or similar body."

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "seats" is being used.

The sentence says: "In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional <t>seats</t> or the popular vote for Congress."

The context is about political elections and congressional representation. "Seats" here refers to positions in Congress - the number of representatives or members the GOP has won in congressional elections.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. A space reserved for sitting (theater, train, etc.) - Not relevant here
2. The buttocks - Not relevant here
3. Furniture designed for sitting - Not relevant here
4. Part of a chair/bench for sitting - Not relevant here
5. A center of authority (city from which authority is exercised) - Possible, but not the best fit
6. The location where something is based (metaphorically) - Not the best fit
7. The legal right to sit as a member in a legislative or similar body - This is the best fit! The text is talking about congressional seats, which refers to positions/membership in Congress
8. Part of a machine - Not relevant here
9. Cloth covering for buttocks - Not relevant here

Sense 7 is clearly the correct answer. It directly addresses the meaning of "seats" in a congressional/legislative context, which is exactly what the passage is discussing.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: popular
Target surface form: popular
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the <t>popular</t> vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=popular%3:00:00:: | definition=regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public | examples=a popular tourist attraction; a popular girl
2. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large | examples=the popular vote; popular representation
3. sense_key=popular%5:00:01:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=democratic | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement
4. sense_key=popular%5:00:00:nonclassical:00 | definition=(of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people) | synonyms=pop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context uses "popular vote" in a political/electoral context, referring to the total votes cast by all citizens in an election. Sense 2 specifically defines "popular" as "carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large" and explicitly includes "the popular vote" as an example, making it the best fit for this usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "popular" is used:

"the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress"

The phrase "popular vote" refers to the total number of votes cast by the public in an election, as opposed to electoral votes or other mechanisms. This is a specific political term.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public" - This is about being well-liked or favored. This doesn't fit the context of "popular vote."

2. "carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large" - The definition is "carried on by or for the people" and the examples include "the popular vote; popular representation". This fits perfectly! The popular vote is a vote that involves all the people/citizens.

3. "representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large" - This is similar to sense 2, with synonyms being "democratic" and examples like "democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement". This could work, but sense 2 seems more specific to voting.

4. "(of music or art) new and of general appeal" - This is clearly about pop culture and doesn't apply here.

The context is specifically about the "popular vote" in elections. Sense 2 directly includes "the popular vote" as an example and defines it as "carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large," which is exactly what the popular vote means in electoral contexts.

The answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular <t>vote</t> for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to "popular vote for president" and "popular vote for Congress," which is about the aggregate count of votes cast by voters for a candidate or position. This matches sense 1, which defines vote as "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative." The example "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion" similarly refers to the counting/aggregate of individual votes.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "vote" is being used.

The sentence in question is: "In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular <t>vote</t> for Congress."

The context is discussing "popular vote" - referring to the total number of votes cast by voters for a particular candidate or position.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: - "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" - This would be about the act of voting or the process, but "popular vote" refers to the aggregate/total.

2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: - "the opinion of a group as determined by voting" - This is about the collective opinion/result.

3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: - "a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment" - This is about voting rights/suffrage, not relevant here.

4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: - "a body of voters who have the same interests" - This is about groups of voters, not about counting votes.

5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: - "the total number of voters who participated" - This is about voter turnout/participation.

The phrase "popular vote" in the context refers to the total number of votes cast. Looking at sense 1, it talks about "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" which fits the meaning of "popular vote" - the aggregate of individual votes counting.

Actually, sense 1 seems most appropriate - it's about the collective votes counted. The definition "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" describes exactly what "popular vote" is - the aggregate votes counted for each candidate.
The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opposite
Target surface form: opposite
Context:
Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting "has been on the rise over the past half century. In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the <t>opposite</t>. What accounts for the results of recent decades?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opposite%1:10:00:: | definition=a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other | synonyms=antonym, opposite word | examples=to him the antonym of `gay' was `depressed'
2. sense_key=opposite%1:24:03:: | definition=a relation of direct opposition | synonyms=reverse, contrary | examples=we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true
3. sense_key=opposite%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opponent
4. sense_key=opposite%1:24:04:: | definition=something inverted in sequence or character or effect | synonyms=inverse | examples=when the direct approach failed he tried the inverse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "opposite."

The sentence reads: "Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite."

The passage is discussing voting patterns and ticket splitting across different time periods. It states that:
- From 1948 onwards, voters tend to favor Republicans more for president than for Congress
- Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite

So "the opposite" here means that before 1932, voters tended to favor Republicans MORE for Congress than for President (or possibly favored Democrats more consistently). The word "opposite" is being used to describe the reverse or contrary state of affairs compared to the more recent pattern.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "opposite" as antonym - This refers to a word that means the opposite of another word. This doesn't fit because we're not talking about words or linguistic meaning.

2. "opposite" as relation of direct opposition/reverse/contrary - This fits well. The passage is saying the pattern was the reverse/contrary of what it is now. The example "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true" is very similar in structure to our usage.

3. "opposite" as opponent/contestant - This doesn't fit. There's no competitor or contestant being described.

4. "opposite" as something inverted in sequence or character - This could work, as it's describing something inverted/reversed. But sense 2 seems more directly applicable.

The best fit is sense 2: "a relation of direct opposition" with the synonym "reverse, contrary". The context clearly shows that prior voting patterns were contrary/reverse to the current patterns described earlier in the passage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: account_for
Target surface form: accounts for
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What <t>accounts for</t> the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=account_for%2:42:00:: | definition=be the reason or explanation for | examples=The recession accounts for the slow retail business
2. sense_key=account_for%2:32:00:: | definition=give reasons for | examples=Can you account for all these absences?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context asks "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" This is asking what is the reason or explanation for these voting patterns. Sense 1 ("be the reason or explanation for") fits perfectly, as it matches the example "The recession accounts for the slow retail business." The sentence seeks a causal explanation, not a demand for someone to justify absences (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the two candidate senses for "accounts for".

The sentence in context is: "What <t>accounts for</t> the results of recent decades?"

The two candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=account_for%2:42:00:: | definition=be the reason or explanation for | examples=The recession accounts for the slow retail business
2. sense_key=account_for%2:32:00:: | definition=give reasons for | examples=Can you account for all these absences?

Let me think about the difference:
- Sense 1: "be the reason or explanation for" - This is asking what is THE REASON/EXPLANATION for something
- Sense 2: "give reasons for" - This is asking someone to PROVIDE/EXPLAIN reasons for something (more of a demand for justification)

Looking at the context: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?"

This is asking "What is the reason or explanation for the results?" It's asking what explains or causes these results. The author is looking for what is responsible for or explains these patterns.

Sense 1 (be the reason or explanation for) fits perfectly here. The example "The recession accounts for the slow retail business" is very similar in structure and meaning.

Sense 2 (give reasons for) would be more like demanding someone explain their absences, which requires them to provide justification.

The answer should be sense 1.

Since the instructions ask for sense_index, I need to determine which number corresponds to sense 1. Looking at the ordering in the candidate senses list:
1. sense_key=account_for%2:42:00:: | definition=be the reason or explanation for
2. sense_key=account_for%2:32:00:: | definition=give reasons for
So sense 1 would have index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the <t>results</t> of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense for "results" in this sentence.

The target sentence is: "What accounts for the <t>results</t> of recent decades?"

Context clues:
- The passage discusses voting patterns and election outcomes
- "Results" refers to the outcomes or consequences of voting behavior in recent decades
- The passage mentions that voters favor Republicans more for president than for Congress (the "split personality")
- This is clearly referring to the consequences or outcomes of elections

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: - "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" with synonyms "consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot"
   - This fits well. The voting results are phenomena that follow and are caused by voter behavior.

2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: - "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem" with synonyms "solution, answer, resolution, solvent"
   - This doesn't fit. The "results" here are not statements that solve problems.

3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: - "something that results" with synonyms "resultant, final result, outcome, termination"
   - This could work. The voting results are "something that results" from the elections.

4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: - "the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause"
   - This is a technical linguistic sense, not applicable here.

Between senses 1 and 3, both could work, but sense 1 (with the definition emphasizing "phenomenon that follows and is caused") seems more directly applicable. The "results" in this context are the voting patterns/outcomes that follow from voter behavior - they are consequences and effects.

Sense 3 is more generic "something that results" while sense 1 is more specific about the causal relationship.
Sense 1 best captures what's happening here—the voting outcomes are direct consequences of voter behavior, not just generic results.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of <t>recent</t> decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "recent" in "results of recent decades" refers to decades that are in the immediate past or just previous to the present time. This aligns with sense 2's definition: "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time." The context discusses voting patterns "over the past half century," indicating temporal proximity to the present, not the "newness" implied by sense 1.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "recent" in the phrase "What accounts for the results of recent decades?"

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
   - This sense means "new" or "newly made/created"
   - Example: "recent graduates" = new graduates

2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel
   - This sense means "of the immediate past" or "just previous to the present time"
   - Synonym: late
   - This is about the time period, not about newness per se

In the context: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?"

The phrase "recent decades" refers to the decades that have just passed, the immediate past decades (the last few decades leading up to when this was written). It's referring to a time period that is in the immediate past, not to something that is "new" in the sense of newly created or newly made.

The second sense (sense 2) with definition "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time" fits perfectly here. This is about the temporal aspect - recent decades = decades in the immediate past.

The answer should be sense 2 (or index 2).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives. Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent <t>decades</t>? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "decades" in the phrase "recent decades" refers to a period of 10 years, which is sense 1. The entire context discusses voting patterns across different time periods (from before 1932 through the present), and "recent decades" means recent 10-year periods or time spans. This is clearly a temporal reference, not the numeral ten.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "decades" (plural of decade).

The context discusses:
- Presidential election years and voting patterns
- A comparison of voting patterns "prior to 1948" vs "Now"
- The phrase "In every presidential election over the past half century"
- Discussion of what happened "Prior to 1932"
- Final question: "What accounts for the results of recent decades?"

The word "decades" appears in the question "What accounts for the results of recent decades?" This is asking about the causes of voting patterns in recent time periods.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
   - This is the temporal sense - a 10-year period

2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner
   - This is the numerical sense - the number 10

In the context, "recent decades" clearly refers to recent time periods (the last 10-year periods), not to the number 10. The entire passage is discussing voting patterns over different time periods. "Recent decades" means "recent 10-year periods" or more broadly "recent time periods."

The correct sense is sense 1 - a period of 10 years.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A <t>simple</t> economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "a simple economic theory" that provides an explanation for voting patterns. Here, "simple" means the theory is not complex or complicated in structure—it has few parts and relies on just three basic assumptions. This matches sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved," which is directly exemplified by phrases like "a simple problem" and aligns perfectly with how the passage uses it to characterize an economic theory.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "simple" appears:

"A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth."

The key phrase is "a simple economic theory" - the speaker is describing an economic theory as simple. Let me consider what "simple" means here:

1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: - "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved" - examples: "a simple problem; simple mechanisms" - This fits well. An economic theory being described as simple would mean it doesn't have many complex parts or is not overly complicated.

2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 - "easy and not involved or complicated" - synonyms: elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic - This could also fit, suggesting the theory is easy to understand.

3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 - "apart from anything else; without additions or modifications" - synonyms: bare, mere - This doesn't fit as well in this context.

4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 - "exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity" - This doesn't fit in the context of an economic theory.

5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 - This definitely doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: - botanical term about leaf shapes - Doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 - "unornamented" - Doesn't fit for describing a theory.

The best fit is sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved" because the context is describing an economic theory, and calling it "simple" means it doesn't have many complex parts and is not overly complicated. The examples "a simple problem; simple mechanisms" are very similar to "a simple economic theory."
While the "easy to understand" interpretation has merit, the structural meaning of lacking complexity better aligns with how the theory is being characterized in this passage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: partial
Target surface form: partial
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a <t>partial</t> explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=partial%5:00:00:incomplete:00 | definition=being or affecting only a part; not total | examples=a partial description of the suspect; partial collapse
2. sense_key=partial%3:00:01:: | definition=showing favoritism
3. sense_key=partial%5:00:00:inclined:02 | definition=(followed by `of' or `to') having a strong preference or liking for | synonyms=fond | examples=fond of chocolate; partial to horror movies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "partial" in "at least a partial explanation" describes an explanation that is incomplete or not total - only part of a full explanation. This matches sense 1 (being or affecting only a part; not total), as illustrated by the similar example "partial description of the suspect."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "partial" in the given context.

The sentence is: "A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth."

The three candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=partial%5:00:00:incomplete:00 | definition=being or affecting only a part; not total | examples=a partial description of the suspect; partial collapse
2. sense_key=partial%3:00:01:: | definition=showing favoritism
3. sense_key=partial%5:00:00:inclined:02 | definition=(followed by `of' or `to') having a strong preference or liking for | synonyms=fond | examples=fond of chocolate; partial to horror movies

In the context, "partial explanation" means an explanation that is incomplete or not total - it's describing the nature of the explanation being provided. The theory may provide "at least a partial explanation" - meaning it's not a complete or full explanation.

This clearly aligns with sense 1: "being or affecting only a part; not total"

The examples given for sense 1 ("partial description", "partial collapse") support this interpretation. "Partial description" is analogous to "partial explanation" - both refer to something that is incomplete or only partial.

Sense 2 (showing favoritism) doesn't fit the context at all.
Sense 3 (having a preference for something) would be used in phrases like "partial to chocolate" and doesn't fit here either.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: display
Target surface form: displayed
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality <t>displayed</t> by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=display%2:39:00:: | definition=to show, make visible or apparent | synonyms=expose, exhibit | examples=The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month; Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?
2. sense_key=display%2:41:00:: | definition=attract attention by displaying some body part or posing; of animals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

The word "displayed" in this context means "to show, make visible or apparent." The passage discusses how Americans display (reveal/exhibit) a "split personality" in their voting patterns—voting differently for president than for Congress. This clearly aligns with sense 1, which defines display as showing or making something apparent, with synonyms like "expose" and "exhibit." Sense 2, which refers to displaying body parts to attract attention, is clearly inapplicable here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "display" best fits the usage of "displayed" in this passage.

The sentence is: "What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth."

Here, "displayed" means that Americans are showing or exhibiting a "split personality" - they vote differently in presidential elections vs. congressional elections.

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=display%2:39:00:: | definition=to show, make visible or apparent | synonyms=expose, exhibit | examples=The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month; Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?

2. sense_key=display%2:41:00:: | definition=attract attention by displaying some body part or posing; of animals

In the context, "split personality displayed by Americans" means the Americans are showing/revealing/exhibiting a split personality. This is clearly about making something visible or apparent - the split personality of American voters is being revealed through their voting patterns.

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "to show, make visible or apparent" with synonyms "expose, exhibit"

Sense 2 is about attracting attention by displaying body parts or animal behavior, which doesn't fit this context at all. The context is about exhibiting a personality trait, not displaying body parts or animal behavior.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: Americans
Context:
Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%. As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by <t>Americans</t> in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions:

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word is "Americans" in the phrase "displayed by Americans in the voting booth."

The context is discussing voting patterns and elections in what appears to be the United States - talking about presidential elections, the GOP (Republican party), votes for Congress, etc. The focus is on voter behavior in the U.S. political system.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
   - This refers to people from the United States

2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
   - This refers to a language/dialect, not people

3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country
   - This refers to people from any country in North, Central, or South America

Given the context about U.S. elections, presidential elections, Republicans (GOP), Congress, and voting behavior in what is clearly a U.S. political context, the word "Americans" refers to people from the United States specifically, not broadly from all of the Americas.

Sense 1 (a native or inhabitant of the United States) is the best fit.

Sense 2 refers to a language, not applicable here.

Sense 3 is too broad - it includes all of the Americas. While technically possible, the context makes it clear we're talking about U.S. voters specifically.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assumption
Target surface form: assumptions
Context:
As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress. In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three <t>assumptions</t>: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934
4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: | definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15
5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended
6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness
7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes an economic theory that "relies on three assumptions" - these are foundational premises (such as voters choosing between Republican and Democratic "brands") upon which the theory is built and from which conclusions about voting behavior are drawn. This matches sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn," with the synonym "premise" being particularly apt here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "assumptions" is being used.

In the context, the author states: "The theory relies on three assumptions:" and then lists items like voters can "buy" one of two brands when they select their political agents - the Republican brand or the Democratic brand.

These are foundational ideas that the economic theory takes as given premises - they are not being taken as physical possessions or religious concepts. They are not arrogant behavior claims either.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: - "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn" with synonyms premise, premiss. This seems to fit - the assumptions are premises upon which the theory is built.

2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: - "a hypothesis that is taken for granted" with synonyms supposition, supposal. This also seems to fit well - these are ideas taken for granted as part of the economic theory.

3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: - "the act of taking possession of or power over something" - Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: - Religious/Catholic concept - Not applicable.

5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: - Christian/Virgin Mary concept - Not applicable.

6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: - "audacious behavior that you have no right to" - Not applicable.

7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: - "the act of assuming or taking for granted" - This is also a candidate.

The best fit seems to be sense 1 or sense 2. Both are similar but:
- Sense 1 (1:10:00) frames these as statements or premises from which conclusions about voting behavior can be drawn
- Sense 2 (1:09:00) frames them as hypotheses or suppositions taken for granted

Given the economic theory context where these serve as foundational statements supporting the analysis, sense 1 is the most appropriate choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brand
Target surface form: brands
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two <t>brands</t> when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain | examples=And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard | synonyms=sword, blade, steel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "brands" is used here to describe recognizable types or kinds of political philosophies (Republican and Democratic). The passage employs a metaphor where voters "buy" one of two brands of political agents, similar to the example "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now." This usage emphasizes the categorization of different recognizable kinds rather than specific product names, making sense 2 the best fit.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "brands" in the context of presidential elections and voting. Let me analyze the context:

"Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention..."

In this context, "brands" is being used metaphorically to refer to different types or kinds of political philosophy/ideology. The text is saying that voters can choose between two different "brands" (Republican or Democratic), just like they would choose between products.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
   - This is the commercial/marketing sense where a brand is a name for a product

2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
   - This is a more general sense meaning "a type or kind of something"

3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
   - This is about literal burning marks

4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
   - This is about actual burning wood

5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy
   - This is metaphorical but about shame/disgrace

6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon
   - This is about swords

The passage uses "brands" to describe distinct varieties of political ideology, with the "buying" metaphor suggesting commercial connotations. Between the product-specific sense and the broader "recognizable kind" sense, the latter fits better here since it captures how Republican and Democratic philosophies function as distinct categories or types. The example "there's a new brand of hero" parallels the usage perfectly—both refer to recognizable varieties rather than specific product names.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: political
Target surface form: political
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their <t>political</t> agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=political%3:00:00:: | definition=involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; - Daniel Goleman | examples=calling a meeting is a political act in itself; political pressure
2. sense_key=political%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power | examples=political opinions
3. sense_key=political%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the profession of governing | examples=political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "political agents" in this context refers to politicians and representatives from different political parties (Republican and Democratic). The phrase is describing entities that are characteristic of politics and political parties, which directly aligns with sense 1: "involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians." The context makes clear that "political" here characterizes the agents by their association with political parties and the political system, rather than focusing on personal opinions about power (sense 2) or specifically on governing professions (sense 3).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "political" is being used.

The sentence is: "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

The word "political agents" refers to politicians who represent different political parties and ideologies. The context is discussing politicians and their roles in the government, relating to politics and political parties.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=political%3:00:00:: - "involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians" - Examples: "calling a meeting is a political act in itself; political pressure"
   This sense covers the general concept of politics, political parties, and politicians.

2. sense_key=political%3:01:01:: - "of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power" - Examples: "political opinions"
   This sense is more about personal/individual viewpoints on authority and power.

3. sense_key=political%3:01:02:: - "of or relating to the profession of governing" - Examples: "political career"
   This sense is about the profession of government/governing.

In the context, "political agents" refers to politicians and representatives from political parties. The word is being used to describe agents who are involved in politics and political parties. This aligns best with sense 1, which explicitly mentions "politics or parties or politicians."

While sense 3 could also fit (relating to the profession of governing), sense 1 is more directly applicable since it explicitly mentions "parties or politicians" and "political" here is describing the nature of the agents in terms of their involvement with politics and parties.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: agent
Target surface form: agents
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political <t>agents</t> -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agent%1:17:00:: | definition=an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect | examples=their research uncovered new disease agents
2. sense_key=agent%1:18:02:: | definition=a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
3. sense_key=agent%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that exerts some force or effect
4. sense_key=agent%1:18:01:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=factor, broker
5. sense_key=agent%1:18:03:: | definition=any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau | synonyms=federal agent
6. sense_key=agent%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of the animate entity that instigates or causes the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=agentive role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes voters selecting political "agents" who represent different brand ideologies (Republican vs. Democratic). These agents are representatives acting on behalf of political organizations, which directly aligns with sense 2: "a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense of "agents" here.

The context is discussing a voting theory where "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents." The text explains that these agents represent either a Republican brand (minimalist state, private markets) or a Democratic brand (big government, public intervention).

In this context, "agents" refers to political representatives or candidates that voters choose - they are acting on behalf of parties and their political ideologies. The text explicitly refers to them as political agents representing different brands/parties.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect" - This is about agents that cause effects (like disease agents), not about political representatives.

2. "a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations" - This fits perfectly. The agents here are representatives (candidates/parties) acting on behalf of political organizations (the Republican and Democratic parties).

3. "a substance that exerts some force or effect" - This is about chemical/physical substances, not political representatives.

4. "a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission" - This is about business intermediaries, not political representatives.

5. "any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau" - While this mentions "representative," it's specifically about federal agencies/bureaus, not political parties or voting choices.

6. "the semantic role of the animate entity that instigates or causes the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" - This is a linguistic/semantic role, not a noun sense for agents.

The best fit is clearly sense 2: "a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations" - in this case, political agents representing parties.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a <t>Republican</t> brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context explicitly contrasts the "Republican brand" with the "Democratic brand" when discussing voters' choices between two major political parties. The passage is referring to the Republican Party as a political organization, not to republicanism as a form of government. This matches sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine which sense of "Republican" is being used.

In the passage, the text discusses:
"A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a <t>Republican</t> brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

The context is clearly discussing "Republican" as a political party affiliation - it's contrasting the "Republican brand" with the "Democratic brand" in terms of their ideological positions. The passage is talking about voters choosing between these two major political parties.

Looking at the two candidate senses:
1. "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" - This is the political party sense
2. "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government" - This is the governmental form sense (republicanism as a system of government)

Given the context where it explicitly mentions "Republican brand," "Democratic brand," and talks about voters selecting between these two political agents, sense 1 is clearly the correct choice. The passage is using "Republican" to refer to the Republican Party, not to the concept of a republican form of government.

So the answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brand
Target surface form: brand
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican <t>brand</t> that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain | examples=And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard | synonyms=sword, blade, steel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 2}

The passage uses "brand" to refer to recognizable types or kinds of political ideology (Republican vs. Democratic). The context emphasizes that voters "buy one of two brands" - a Republican brand representing one political philosophy and a Democratic brand representing another. This matches sense 2's definition of "a recognizable kind," which is supported by the example "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now" - a comparable metaphorical usage. The commercial product definition (sense 1) is too literal and specific, while the other senses refer to burning marks, weapons, or disgrace - all clearly inapplicable here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "brand" in this passage.

The target sentence is: "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Here, "brand" is being used metaphorically. The passage is discussing political ideology/type using the metaphor of consumer choice ("buy" one of two brands). The Republican and Democratic "brands" refer to recognizable types or kinds of political philosophy/ideology.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
   - This is about naming a commercial product

2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
   - This is about a recognizable type or kind of something
   - The example "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now" is very similar to the usage here
   - This fits the metaphorical usage where we're talking about a type/kind of political philosophy

3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning

4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning

5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon

Sense 2 captures the intended meaning—referring to a recognizable type or kind of political ideology. The parallel with "a new brand of hero" demonstrates how "brand" functions here as a category or variety rather than a commercial trademark. The answer is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minimalist
Target surface form: minimalist
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the <t>minimalist</t> state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minimalist%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to artistic minimalism
2. sense_key=minimalist%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context discusses political ideology, specifically describing the Republican brand as believing in the "minimalist state" in contrast to Democratic support for "big government and public intervention." This clearly refers to a political position advocating for minimal government involvement and reforms, which corresponds to sense 2 ("advocating minimal reforms in government or politics"). Sense 1 about artistic minimalism is not relevant to this political discussion.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "minimalist" is being used.

The context is about political ideology. The passage discusses:
- A Republican brand that "believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action"
- This is contrasted with the Democratic brand that "believes in big government and in public intervention"

So "minimalist" here is being used to describe a political position - specifically, a position that favors a minimal/reduced role of government and relies on private markets rather than government intervention.

Let's look at the two senses:

1. sense_key=minimalist%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to artistic minimalism
   - This is about artistic/aesthetic minimalism - this doesn't fit the context at all

2. sense_key=minimalist%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)
   - This is about political minimalism - advocating for minimal government intervention/reforms
   - This matches the context perfectly

The context clearly discusses political ideology, specifically the Republican belief in a "minimalist state" which emphasizes private markets over government action. This is aligned with sense 2, which is about advocating minimal reforms in government or politics.

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist <t>state</t> and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context discusses political philosophy where the "minimalist state" is contrasted with "big government" and described as believing "in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action." This clearly refers to the state as the institution and apparatus of government—specifically, the group of people and structures comprising government that can be sized as "minimalist" or "big." This matches sense 3's definition: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "state" in this sentence:

"a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action"

The context is discussing political philosophy and economic theory about government intervention. The phrase "minimalist state" is contrasted with "big government" and "public intervention." This is clearly referring to the concept of government or the apparatus of government.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: - territory occupied by constituent administrative districts (like a US state)
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: - the way something is with respect to its main attributes
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: - the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: - a politically organized body of people under a single government (nation, country)
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: - chemistry definition (states of matter)
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: - a state of depression or agitation
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: - territory occupied by a nation
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: - the federal department (State Department)

In the phrase "minimalist state," the word refers to the institution of government itself - the government apparatus and its role in the economy. This is about the concept of the state as a political/governmental entity.

Looking at the options:
- Sense 3 refers to "the group of people comprising the government" - this fits
- Sense 4 refers to "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this also refers to the political entity

The key phrase is "minimalist state and virtues of private markets" - this is discussing the state as an institution that can be "minimalist" or "big," which refers to the scope and role of government.
Sense 3 focuses specifically on government actors themselves, while Sense 4 encompasses the broader nation-state. In political philosophy discourse about "minimalist state," we're referring to the governmental institution and its scope of power. Sense 3 best captures this—the group of people who comprise the government and exercise state authority.