[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are <t>members</t> of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context shows that "several of whom are members of the congregation," referring to ringers who have joined and participate in the church congregation. This matches sense 1, which defines a member as "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "members" appears:

"An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are <t>members</t> of the congregation."

The context is about a bell-ringing group (a band of ringers) and it states that some of these ringers are "members of the congregation" (the church congregation).

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: - "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)" - This fits well. The ringers are members of the congregation, meaning they are individuals who have joined and participate in the church congregation organization.

2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: - "anything that belongs to a set or class" - This is too generic and doesn't fit well. While technically they are part of a set, this is not the intended meaning.

3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: - "an external body part that projects from the body" - This doesn't fit at all. We're not talking about body parts.

4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: - "an organization that is a member of another organization" - This doesn't fit. The ringers are people, not organizations.

5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: - "the male organ of copulation" - This doesn't fit at all.

The best fit is sense 1, which refers to individuals who are part of a social group (the church congregation). The example "only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty" supports this interpretation.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

The target word refers to the members of the church community at Great Torrington who regularly attend services. The context explicitly establishes a church setting (mentioning the vicar, services, Church of England), and the phrase "members of the congregation" clearly denotes people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend the given church, making sense 1 the best fit.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "congregation."

The sentence is: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>."

Let me examine the three senses:

1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
   - This refers to the group of people who regularly attend a specific church as part of their faith community.

2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
   - This is a more general sense, meaning any assemblage or collection of people, animals, or things.

3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating
   - This is the act of gathering together, not the group itself.

In the context of the passage:
- We're discussing bell ringers at a church
- The text mentions "worship," "Church of England," "vicar," and "services"
- The passage specifically says "several of whom are members of the congregation"
- This is clearly referring to the church's congregation - the regular attendees of that church

Given that the passage is explicitly about a church and its activities, and the phrase refers to people who are "members of the congregation," sense 1 is the most appropriate. This refers to the group of people who attend a particular church as part of their faith community.

Sense 2 would be too general (any assemblage), and sense 3 refers to an action rather than a group.

The answer is sense 1.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there <t>still</t> are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "still" in this context means "despite anything to the contrary" or "nevertheless." The sentence structure—"But there still are not enough ringers"—uses "still" to express contrast and concession. Although a new band was formed with congregation members, the problem of insufficient ringers persists. This matches sense 2, which captures the adversative/concessive meaning with synonyms like "however," "nevertheless," and "even so."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for "still" in this sentence:

"But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."

Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1 (4:02:01): "with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation" - Examples: "it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?" This suggests continuity or persistence of a condition.

2. Sense 2 (4:02:04): "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" - This is used with a concessive clause, like "although/while X, still Y". The examples show this usage.

3. Sense 3 (4:02:00): "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" - Examples: "looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem" - This is about degree/extent comparisons.

4. Sense 4 (4:02:02): "without moving or making a sound" - Examples: "he sat still as a statue; time stood still" - This is about physical stillness.

In the context: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."

This is saying that despite the efforts (setting up a new band with congregation members), there is still (continuing to be) not enough ringers. The word "still" here means "even so" or "nonetheless" - it indicates that despite the positive changes, the problem persists.

Looking at sense 2 more carefully: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" with synonyms like "however, nevertheless, yet, all the same, even so". This fits perfectly - the sentence structure is: "But there still are not enough..." where "But" and "still" together convey concession and contrast.

Actually, this could also be sense 1 (continuation/persistence), but given the "But" at the beginning and the contrast with the previous sentence about setting up a new band, sense 2 (despite anything to the contrary) seems more accurate.
The "But" at the start signals a contrast that pushes toward sense 2 rather than sense 1's simple persistence. Sense 2 captures the concessive force—the shortage of ringers persists despite the efforts to establish a new band.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough <t>ringers</t> to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly describes people who ring church bells. The passage discusses bell ringing at churches (Great Torrington, St. Mary's Church), mentions "six of the eight bells," and references the tradition of bell ringing within a religious context. Sense 1, defining a ringer as "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)," is the only appropriate match.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "ringer" is being used.

The context is about church bell ringing. The passage mentions:
- "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services"
- "ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"
- "the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest"
- "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation"
- "there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells"

This is clearly about people who ring church bells. The context explicitly talks about:
1. Church bells ("to ring more than six of the eight bells")
2. Church services and attendance
3. Bell ringing as an activity

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - This matches perfectly with the context about church bell ringing and congregation.
2. "a person who is almost identical to another" - Does not fit the context at all.
3. "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - Not related to church bells or the context.
4. "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg" - Completely unrelated to bells or church context.

The answer is clearly sense 1, which defines "ringer" as "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)". This perfectly matches the context where people are bell ringers at a church.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes church bell ringers and whether they have enough people to ring the bells in the church tower. Sense 3, "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification," is the best fit because:

1. The sentence explicitly discusses "ringers" (bell ringers) and their capacity to ring bells
2. The example "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" directly parallels this church bell-ringing context
3. The definition specifically addresses making bells ring, which is exactly what the sentence describes

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "ring" in this sentence:

"But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells."

The context is about church bell ringing. The sentence discusses "ringers" (people who ring bells) and the fact that they don't have enough of them to ring more than six of the eight bells in the church tower.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "sound loudly and sonorously" - This is about the bells making sound loudly
2. "ring or echo with sound" - This is about echoing/reverberating with sound
3. "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" - This is specifically about making bells ring, with examples like "Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church"
4. "get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone" - This is about phone calls, not applicable
5. "extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle" - This is about surrounding, not applicable
6. "attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify" - This is about tagging birds, not applicable

The context clearly indicates that "ring" refers to the action of making church bells ring. The passage mentions "ringers" (people who ring bells), bell towers, and the activity of ringing bells at church.

Sense 3 is the best fit because:
- It specifically mentions "make (bells) ring"
- The example "Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" is directly parallel to the context
- The definition includes "often for the purposes of musical edification" which fits the church context

Sense 1 could work too (sound loudly and sonorously), but sense 3 is more specific and directly about the action of ringing bells, which is what the sentence is about.

The answer should be sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to the physical metal bells in the church bell tower that are struck by ringers. The passage mentions "ringers" (those who ring the bells), the ability to "ring" them, and notes that "the bells have fallen silent" at another church. This is the basic sense of bells as hollow metal devices that produce sound when struck, which is sense 1.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "bells" in this passage.

The context is about church bell ringing. The passage mentions:
- "ringers" (bell ringers)
- "ring more than six of the eight bells"
- "the bells have fallen silent"
- "church bells"

This is clearly referring to the physical bells that are rung in a church bell tower. The text is discussing actual metal bells that are struck to produce sound for church services.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This is the basic definition of a bell as a physical object. This fits perfectly with the context of church bells being rung.

2. "a push button at an outer door" - This is a doorbell, not relevant here.

3. "the sound of a bell being struck" - This refers to the sound, not the physical object.

4. "nautical time units signaled by ship's bell" - This is specific to nautical contexts, not relevant.

5. "the shape of a bell" - This refers to the shape, not the actual bell.

6-8. These are biographical entries for people named Bell, clearly not relevant.

9. "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells" - This is about a musical instrument like a chime or gong, not the type of bells in a church tower.

10. "the flared opening of a tubular device" - This is not relevant to the context.

The best fit is sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This is the physical church bells being rung by the bell ringers in the tower.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the <t>bells</t> have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses bell ringers in church towers ringing physical bells ("ring more than six of the eight bells" and "the bells have fallen silent"). This clearly refers to the actual metal bell devices themselves that produce ringing sounds when struck, which corresponds to sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "bells" in this passage.

The context is about bell ringers in churches. The passage talks about:
- "ringers" - people who ring bells
- "ring more than six of the eight bells" at Great Torrington
- "the bells have fallen silent" at St. Mary's Church

This is clearly referring to church bells - the bells that are rung in a bell tower by bell ringers.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This is the basic definition of a bell, a physical object
2. "a push button at an outer door" - This is a doorbell, not what's meant here
3. "the sound of a bell being struck" - This refers to the sound/tolling, not the physical bell
4. "nautical time units signaled by ship's bells" - This is about maritime bells, not church bells
5. "the shape of a bell" - This is about the bell shape, not an actual bell
6-8. These are all proper nouns (people's names), not relevant
9. "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells" - This is about chimes/bell instruments, not the actual church bells
10. "the flared opening of a tubular device" - This is about bell shapes, not actual bells

The context clearly refers to physical bells in a church tower that are rung by bell ringers. Sense 1 ("a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck") is the most appropriate definition for the actual physical bells that are being discussed.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: silent
Target surface form: silent
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:quiet:01 | definition=marked by absence of sound | synonyms=soundless, still | examples=a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass
2. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to | synonyms=mum | examples=the witness remained silent
3. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=implied by or inferred from actions or statements | synonyms=tacit, understood | examples=gave silent consent; a tacit agreement
4. sense_key=silent%5:00:02:inaudible:00 | definition=not made to sound | synonyms=unsounded | examples=the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'; in French certain letters are often unsounded
5. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inaudible:00 | definition=having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility | examples=a silent dog whistle
6. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inarticulate:00 | definition=unable to speak because of hereditary deafness | synonyms=dumb, mute

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes church bells that "have fallen silent," meaning they no longer produce sound. This is a clear reference to the state of being without sound or quiet, which matches sense 1 ("marked by absence of sound"). The synonyms "soundless" and "still" directly support this interpretation, and the example "a silent house" parallels the idea of bells becoming quiet.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "silent" in the sentence:

"At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance."

The context is about church bells that have stopped ringing. "Fallen silent" means the bells are no longer making sound - they've become quiet or soundless.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "marked by absence of sound" | synonyms=soundless, still | examples=a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass
   - This refers to the state of being without sound, marked by quietness

2. "failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to" | synonyms=mum
   - This is about not communicating, not relevant here

3. "implied by or inferred from actions or statements" | synonyms=tacit, understood
   - This is about implicit meaning, not relevant

4. "not made to sound" | examples=the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'
   - This is about letters that aren't pronounced

5. "having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility"
   - This is about frequencies beyond human hearing

6. "unable to speak because of hereditary deafness"
   - This is about being unable to speak

The bells "have fallen silent" - this means they are no longer producing sound. They've become quiet/soundless. This matches sense 1: "marked by absence of sound" with synonyms like "soundless, still" and examples like "a silent house."

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow
Target surface form: following
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

The word "following" in this context means "as a result of" or "coming after in time as a consequence of." The bells at St. Mary's Church have fallen silent because of (following) a dust-up over church attendance. This matches sense 6: "come after in time, as a result," which is synonymous with "come after" and exemplified by "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "following" in the sentence:

"At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance."

This is saying that the bells have fallen silent AFTER/AS A RESULT OF a dust-up over church attendance.

The word "following" here is being used to mean "as a result of" or "in consequence of" - it's describing what happens after the dust-up.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Travel behind - doesn't fit
2. Be later in time - could work, but postdate is about dates
3. Come as a logical consequence - this is about logical consequences, not temporal ones
4. Travel along a certain course - doesn't fit
5. Act in accordance with rules - doesn't fit
6. Come after in time, as a result - THIS FITS! "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" - this is exactly like "the bells fell silent following a dust-up"
7. Behave in accordance with - doesn't fit
8. Be next - not really about cause/effect
9. Choose and follow theories - doesn't fit
10. Bring something about at a later time - doesn't fit quite right
11. Imitate behavior - doesn't fit
12. Discover course of development - doesn't fit
13. Follow with eyes/mind - doesn't fit
14. Be successor of - doesn't fit
15. Perform accompaniment - doesn't fit
16. Keep informed - doesn't fit
17. Be product or result - this could work! "Understanding comes from experience"
18. Accept leadership - doesn't fit
19-24. Various other senses involving surveillance, pursuit, meaning, and adherence - none of these fit the causal relationship being expressed.

Sense 6 captures the intended meaning most precisely: the bells fell silent as a direct consequence of the dust-up, with one event temporally and causally following the other.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over <t>church</t> attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The target word "church" in "dust-up over church attendance" refers to a church service. The context emphasizes that the vicar is pressing ringers to attend services, and the conflict arose over attendance at these religious services. This aligns with sense 3 (a service conducted in a house of worship), where "church attendance" means attending church services.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "church" is being used.

The target word "church" appears in: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over <t>church</t> attendance."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
   - This refers to a denomination or group of Christians

2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
   - This refers to a physical building

3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
   - This refers to a religious service/event

4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
   - This refers to a congregation/community of people

The phrase is "dust-up over church attendance."

Let me think about what makes sense here:
- "church attendance" means attending the church
- This could refer to attendance at the physical location (sense 2)
- This could refer to attendance at services (sense 3)
- This could refer to attending as part of the church community (sense 4)

Looking at the broader context, the vicar is "pressing" ringers to attend services. There's a dispute about church attendance. The vicar "got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service."

The phrase "church attendance" most naturally refers to attending the services/worship at a church, which would be sense 3 (church service).

However, "church attendance" could also mean showing up at the building/community.

In the context of the vicar pressing ringers to attend services, "church attendance" refers to participation in the worship services themselves. Sense 3 fits best here, as the dispute centers on whether people are showing up for the actual services rather than just the building or the broader community.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The <t>vicar</t>, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly indicates Church of England clergy managing parishes in Devon and Somerset, England. The passage describes vicars who are appointed to lead parish churches (Great Torrington, St. Mary's Church in Ilminster), which directly corresponds to the Church of England definition of a vicar as a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "vicar" is being used.

The passage mentions:
1. "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon" - He appears to be the head priest/clergyman of a parish church
2. "the Vicar Hummerstone" - further reference to this person in charge of the church
3. "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset... The vicar, W.D. Jones" - Again, someone in charge of a church
4. "C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church" - Another person in charge of a church

The context is about English churches - specifically referencing Devon and Somerset, which are in England. The passage mentions "Church of England" references implicitly (bells, parishes, etc.).

Let me look at the three senses:

1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: - "a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman" - This doesn't fit because these are clearly Church of England/Anglican contexts, not Roman Catholic.

2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: - "(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel" - This could fit if these were Episcopal churches, but the context is clearly Church of England (England, not America).

3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: - "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish" - This is the best fit. The context is clearly Church of England (in England), and vicars are appointed as priests of parishes.

The best sense is sense 3, which specifically refers to Church of England vicars appointed to act as priests of parishes. The context clearly indicates these are Church of England clergy in parishes (Great Torrington, Ilminster, Somerset, etc.).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: refuse
Target surface form: refuses
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, <t>refuses</t> to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=refuse%2:32:00:: | definition=show unwillingness towards | synonyms=decline | examples=he declined to join the group on a hike
2. sense_key=refuse%2:40:00:: | definition=refuse to accept | synonyms=reject, pass up, turn down, decline | examples=He refused my offer of hospitality
3. sense_key=refuse%2:42:00:: | definition=elude, especially in a baffling way | synonyms=defy, resist | examples=This behavior defies explanation
4. sense_key=refuse%2:40:01:: | definition=refuse to let have | synonyms=deny | examples=She denies me every pleasure; he denies her her weekly allowance
5. sense_key=refuse%2:42:04:: | definition=resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ | synonyms=resist, reject | examples=His body rejected the liver of the donor
6. sense_key=refuse%2:41:00:: | definition=refuse entrance or membership | synonyms=reject, turn down, turn away | examples=They turned away hundreds of fans; Black people were often rejected by country clubs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

In the context provided, the vicar "refuses to talk about it," meaning he shows unwillingness or declines to discuss the church attendance dispute. This directly matches sense 1 (show unwillingness towards/decline), not the other senses which involve refusing to accept something (sense 2), denying someone something (sense 4), or refusing entrance (sense 6). The context emphasizes his unwillingness to engage in the conversation, which is the core meaning of sense 1.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "refuses" in this sentence:

"The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'"

In this context, the vicar is unwilling to discuss the dust-up over church attendance. He's declining to have a conversation about it.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=refuse%2:32:00:: | definition=show unwillingness towards | synonyms=decline
   - This is about showing unwillingness, declining to do something
   - The example: "he declined to join the group on a hike"
   - This seems very fitting for the context

2. sense_key=refuse%2:40:00:: | definition=refuse to accept | synonyms=reject, pass up, turn down, decline
   - This is about refusing to accept something
   - The example: "He refused my offer of hospitality"
   - This is more about refusing an offer or acceptance

3. sense_key=refuse%2:42:00:: | definition=elude, especially in a baffling way | synonyms=defy, resist
   - This is about eliding or defying understanding
   - Example: "This behavior defies explanation"
   - This doesn't fit

4. sense_key=refuse%2:40:01:: | definition=refuse to let have | synonyms=deny
   - This is about denying someone something
   - Example: "She denies me every pleasure"
   - This doesn't fit the context

5. sense_key=refuse%2:42:04:: | definition=resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ
   - This is a medical sense about organ transplants
   - Doesn't fit

6. sense_key=refuse%2:41:00:: | definition=refuse entrance or membership
   - This is about refusing entrance or membership
   - Doesn't fit the context

The first sense clearly matches—the vicar is displaying unwillingness to discuss the matter, which aligns with "show unwillingness towards." The answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talk_about
Target surface form: talk about
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to <t>talk about</t> it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:00:: | definition=to consider or examine in speech or writing | synonyms=discourse, discuss | examples=The author talks about the different aspects of this question; The class discussed Dante's `Inferno'
2. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:01:: | definition=discuss or mention | synonyms=talk of | examples=They spoke of many things

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context shows the vicar refusing to "talk about" the conflict, saying it would "reopen the wound." This is a straightforward refusal to discuss or mention a topic, which aligns with sense 2's definition of "discuss or mention." The context does not suggest a detailed examination or analytical consideration of the issue, but rather a simple refusal to bring the subject up at all.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "talk about" is being used.

The context shows:
"The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'"

The vicar refuses to discuss or mention the conflict/disagreement (the "dust-up") about church attendance.

Let me examine the two candidate senses:

Sense 1: "to consider or examine in speech or writing" with synonyms "discourse, discuss" and examples like "The author talks about the different aspects of this question; The class discussed Dante's `Inferno'"

Sense 2: "discuss or mention" with synonyms "talk of" and examples of discussing things

In the context, the vicar is refusing to discuss/mention the conflict. He says it would reopen the wound. This is clearly about not wanting to discuss or speak about something.

Both senses seem applicable, but let me consider the nuances:
- Sense 1 emphasizes "consider or examine in speech or writing" - more about thoughtful discussion/analysis
- Sense 2 emphasizes "discuss or mention" - simpler, more direct meaning

In the given context, the vicar simply refuses to discuss/talk about the issue - there's no indication of detailed examination or analysis. He just doesn't want to mention it or discuss it at all. This seems more aligned with Sense 2's "discuss or mention" which is broader and simpler.

Actually, both could work, but Sense 2 seems more appropriate given the simplicity of the refusal - he just doesn't want to discuss it, period. Sense 1's emphasis on "consider or examine" suggests a more analytical discussion, whereas the context is simply about refusing to mention or discuss something.

I'll go with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: saying
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, <t>saying</t> it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The word "saying" here is used to introduce the vicar's stated reason for refusing to talk about the conflict. In context, the vicar is expressing in words (stating) his justification: "it would reopen the wound." This is the fundamental sense of communicating verbal content - expressing something in words - which aligns with sense 1 ("express in words" with synonyms state, tell). While sense 2 (report or maintain) could apply, sense 1 is the more direct and basic sense that fits this usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "saying" in this passage.

The context is: "The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, <t>saying</t> it would 'reopen the wound.'"

Here, "saying" is used in a participial form, but it's essentially functioning as a verb. The vicar refuses to talk about it, and the reason (what he says) is that it would "reopen the wound."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell
This is the basic sense of expressing something in words.

2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver
This involves stating something as a claim or assertion.

3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose
This is about hypothetical statements.

4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read
This is about what text says.

5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority
This is about giving orders.

6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate
This is about pronunciation.

7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally
This covers nonverbal communication. Other senses include uttering aloud, stating one's opinion or judgment, reciting fixed text, and indicating something. In this passage, "saying" introduces the vicar's stated reason for his refusal—that reopening the matter would cause pain. The word functions to present his justification or explanation.

The most fitting sense is the first one: "express in words," with core synonyms like "state" and "tell." This captures how the vicar is articulating why he won't discuss it. While sense 2 (report or maintain) could work since he's asserting something would happen, sense 1 better reflects the fundamental act of putting his reasoning into language.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, <t>vicar</t> of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly indicates this is a Church of England setting: the locations mentioned (Great Torrington, Ilminster Somerset) are in England, the references are to bell-ringing traditions (characteristic of C of E parishes), and the vicar is described as being "in charge of a nearby church" dealing with parish matters like congregation attendance and church management. Sense 3, which defines a vicar as "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish," is the appropriate fit.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "vicar" is being used.

From the passage:
- The vicar is "C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church"
- He's discussing church bells and is commenting on matters related to the parish (bell tower, altar, congregation)
- The context mentions churches: St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, Great Torrington, and references to "a nearby church"
- Earlier in the text, "the Vicar Hummerstone" is mentioned, also discussing church bells
- The context is entirely about Anglican/Church of England bell-ringing traditions and church management

Now let me examine the three senses:

1. Sense 1: "a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman" - This is a Catholic priest acting as a deputy. The context doesn't suggest this is Catholic; it's clearly Church of England.

2. Sense 2: "(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel" - This is an Episcopal Church term for someone in charge of a chapel.

3. Sense 3: "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish" - This is a Church of England clergyman appointed to be priest of a parish.

The context mentions Somerset and Great Torrington (both in England), church bells (an English tradition), and the overall setting is clearly Church of England. The person is described as clergy in charge of "a nearby church," which matches the description of a parish priest.

Sense 3 is the best fit - this is clearly about the Church of England context, and the vicar is appointed to act as priest of a parish.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby <t>church</t>, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context makes clear that "church" refers to a physical building or place of worship. The mention of "the bell tower," "the stairs from the bell tower," and "the altar" all point to architectural/structural features of an actual church building. The vicar is described as the vicar "of a nearby church," indicating the church as a physical location, not a service, denomination, or congregation. Sense 2 best captures this meaning: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "church" in the target sentence.

The target sentence is: "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby <t>church</t>, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar."

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: - "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship" - This refers to a denomination or religious organization, not what's meant here.

2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: - "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" - This refers to the physical building where worship takes place. Example: "the church was empty"

3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: - "a service conducted in a house of worship" - This refers to a church service/worship activity itself. Example: "don't be late for church"

4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: - "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church" - This refers to a congregation or group of people.

In the context: "vicar of a nearby church" - The vicar is the priest/minister of a church. He's not a vicar of a service, not a vicar of a denomination in this sense, but a vicar OF a church building/place.

The phrase "the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar" indicates a physical structure - the bells are in a tower, there are stairs, and an altar. This clearly indicates they're talking about a physical building.

The answer is sense 2: a place for public (especially Christian) worship. This is the most natural reading - the vicar is the vicar of a church building/place of worship.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: feel
Target surface form: feels
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, <t>feels</t> the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=feel%2:37:00:: | definition=undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind | synonyms=experience | examples=She felt resentful; He felt regret
2. sense_key=feel%2:31:00:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
3. sense_key=feel%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles | synonyms=sense | examples=He felt the wind; She felt an object brushing her arm
4. sense_key=feel%2:29:00:: | definition=be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state | examples=My cold is gone--I feel fine today; She felt tired after the long hike
5. sense_key=feel%2:31:01:: | definition=have a feeling or perception about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior or attitude | examples=She felt small and insignificant; You make me feel naked
6. sense_key=feel%2:39:01:: | definition=undergo passive experience of: | examples=We felt the effects of inflation; her fingers felt their way through the string quartet
7. sense_key=feel%2:42:00:: | definition=be felt or perceived in a certain way | examples=The ground feels shaky; The sheets feel soft
8. sense_key=feel%2:39:10:: | definition=grope or feel in search of something | examples=He felt for his wallet
9. sense_key=feel%2:35:00:: | definition=examine by touch | synonyms=finger | examples=Feel this soft cloth!; The customer fingered the sweater
10. sense_key=feel%2:35:01:: | definition=examine (a body part) by palpation | synonyms=palpate | examples=The nurse palpated the patient's stomach; The runner felt her pulse
11. sense_key=feel%2:40:00:: | definition=find by testing or cautious exploration | examples=He felt his way around the dark room
12. sense_key=feel%2:39:09:: | definition=produce a certain impression | examples=It feels nice to be home again
13. sense_key=feel%2:35:11:: | definition=pass one's hands over the sexual organs of | examples=He felt the girl in the movie theater

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The vicar Marshall is expressing his belief or opinion that the fault lies in the stairs from the bell tower. This sense of "feels" means "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds," which matches the synonym "find" - as in "I find that the fault is in the stairs." The speaker is conveying his perspective or judgment about the cause of the problem, not describing a physical sensation or his emotional state.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the sentence and context to determine the correct sense of "feels":

"But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar."

The key is understanding what "feels" means here. Let me look at the context:
- Marshall is expressing an opinion/belief about where the fault lies
- The sentence structure is "feels the fault is in..."
- This is about forming a judgment or opinion, not about physical sensation or emotional state

Let me examine the relevant candidate senses:

1. sense_key=feel%2:37:00:: - "undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind" - This is about emotional experiences like resentment or regret. Not the best fit.

2. sense_key=feel%2:31:00:: - "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds" with examples "I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious" - This seems very relevant! The vicar is expressing a belief/opinion about where the fault lies.

4. sense_key=feel%2:29:00:: - "be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state" - This is more about being aware of one's own state, not expressing an opinion about something external.

The sentence "feels the fault is in the stairs" is expressing Marshall's opinion/belief that the fault is in the stairs. This aligns perfectly with sense 2 (sense_key=feel%2:31:00::): "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds."

The synonym "find" also supports this - "I find the fault is in the stairs" would make sense.

So the answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fault
Target surface form: fault
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the <t>fault</t> is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fault%1:04:00:: | definition=a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention | synonyms=mistake, error | examples=he made a bad mistake; she was quick to point out my errors
2. sense_key=fault%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=defect, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
3. sense_key=fault%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being inadequate or falling short of perfection | synonyms=demerit | examples=they discussed the merits and demerits of her novel; he knew his own faults much better than she did
4. sense_key=fault%1:17:00:: | definition=(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other | synonyms=faulting, geological fault, shift, fracture, break | examples=they built it right over a geological fault; he studied the faulting of the earth's crust
5. sense_key=fault%1:11:00:: | definition=(electronics) equipment failure attributable to some defect in a circuit (loose connection or insulation failure or short circuit etc.) | examples=it took much longer to find the fault than to fix it
6. sense_key=fault%1:07:01:: | definition=responsibility for a bad situation or event | examples=it was John's fault
7. sense_key=fault%1:04:01:: | definition=(sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area) | examples=he served too many double faults

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

The vicar is identifying the stairs as the source or cause of the problem—the reason for the disruption during church services. In this context, "fault" means responsibility for or the cause of a bad situation (the "dust-up" and falling silence of the bells), not a physical defect or mistake, but rather where the blame/responsibility lies for the problematic situation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The passage is discussing problems at churches with bell ringers. Specifically, it says:

"But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the <t>fault</t> is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar."

The vicar is saying that the problem (the reason bells have fallen silent, or why there's been a "dust-up") is located in the stairs from the bell tower. He's saying the stairs are the problem/issue.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention" - This is about an action being wrong, not a physical location issue.

2. "an imperfection in an object or machine" - This is about a defect in something physical. The stairs could have an imperfection/defect.

3. "the quality of being inadequate or falling short of perfection" - This is about a quality of inadequacy.

4. "(geology) a crack in the earth's crust..." - This is specifically geological and doesn't apply here.

5. "(electronics) equipment failure..." - This is specific to electronics, not applicable.

6. "responsibility for a bad situation or event" - The vicar is saying the fault (responsibility/blame/problem/cause) is in the stairs.

7. "(sports) a serve that is illegal..." - Not applicable in this context.

The key is that Marshall is attributing the problem/blame to the stairs. The word "fault" here means "the cause of a problem" or "responsibility for the issue". This best fits sense 6: "responsibility for a bad situation or event".

Actually, looking more carefully - the vicar says the fault IS IN the stairs. This suggests the fault is a physical problem with the stairs (an imperfection), which would be sense 2. But it could also mean the stairs are the cause of the problem, which is sense 6.

Given the context that the issue is about the stairs being in an awkward location and causing disruption to prayer, sense 2 (an imperfection in an object) seems less likely than sense 6 (responsibility for a bad situation).

The vicar is pinpointing the stairs as the source of the disruption—they're what's causing the conflict. Sense 6 best captures this meaning: "responsibility for a bad situation or event."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: next
Target surface form: next
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located <t>next</t> to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00 | definition=immediately following in time or order | synonyms=following | examples=the following day; next in line
2. sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01 | definition=nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space | synonyms=adjacent, side by side | examples=had adjacent rooms; in the next room
3. sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=future, succeeding | examples=our next president

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The target word "next" in the phrase "located next to the altar" describes the spatial relationship between the stairs and the altar. This is the sense of "nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space," which matches the synonyms "adjacent" and the example "in the next room." The other senses deal with temporal succession and political succession, which are not relevant to this spatial context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The sentence is: "...the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located <t>next</t> to the altar."

The target word "next" appears in "located next to the altar" - describing the spatial relationship between the stairs from the bell tower and the altar.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. **sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00** - "immediately following in time or order" with examples "the following day; next in line"
   - This sense is about temporal succession or sequence. This doesn't fit the context since we're not talking about time or order of succession.

2. **sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01** - "nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space" with synonyms "adjacent, side by side" and examples "had adjacent rooms; in the next room"
   - This sense is about spatial proximity. The stairs are described as being "next to the altar" - this is clearly about physical location and proximity. The examples "in the next room" is nearly identical to our context. This fits perfectly.

3. **sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00** - "(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving" with synonyms "future, succeeding" and examples "our next president"
   - This sense is about future elected officers. This has nothing to do with our context about physical location of stairs.

The clear answer is sense 2, which describes spatial adjacency. The word "next" is used to indicate that the stairs are located immediately adjacent to the altar, without intervening space.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: altar
Target surface form: altar
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the <t>altar</t>. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=altar%1:06:01:: | definition=the table in Christian churches where communion is given | synonyms=communion table, Lord's table
2. sense_key=altar%1:06:00:: | definition=a raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "altar" is being used.

Context: The passage discusses church bells and ringers. It mentions "the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar." The vicar is pointing out that the ringers make a loud noise ("So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang") while "the congregation is at prayer."

The two candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=altar%1:06:01:: | definition=the table in Christian churches where communion is given | synonyms=communion table, Lord's table
2. sense_key=altar%1:06:00:: | definition=a raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made

Given the context:
- This is clearly a Christian church setting (mentions "Christian churches," "congregation," "prayer," bells in church towers)
- The passage specifically mentions "the congregation is at prayer" - this is the setting near the altar
- In Christian churches, the altar is specifically the table where communion is given
- Sense 2 is more general (gifts or sacrifices to a god), which would be more pagan/ancient religious contexts
- Sense 1 is specific to Christian churches

The context strongly indicates this is a Christian church (St. Mary's Church), and the altar is being mentioned in relation to where it's located in the church (next to the bell tower stairs), and where the congregation is at prayer.

Sense 1 (altar%1:06:01::) is the better fit - it's specifically "the table in Christian churches where communion is given."