[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: angry
Target surface form: angry
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the <t>angry</t> driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=angry%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or showing anger | examples=angry at the weather; angry customers
2. sense_key=angry%5:00:00:stormy:00 | definition=(of the elements) as if showing violent anger | synonyms=furious, raging, tempestuous, wild | examples=angry clouds on the horizon; furious winds
3. sense_key=angry%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=severely inflamed and painful | examples=an angry sore

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word describes the truck driver's emotional state in response to the dangerous situation where the stranger stepped into traffic. This is clearly the sense of "feeling or showing anger" rather than a metaphorical description of natural elements (sense 2) or a medical condition (sense 3).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "angry" is being used.

The sentence reads: "when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them."

The driver is described as "angry" in response to the situation - presumably either:
1. Because someone stepped in front of their truck
2. Because they had to brake suddenly
3. Because of the dangerous situation

The context indicates this is about the driver's emotional state/reaction - they are experiencing anger.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=angry%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or showing anger | examples=angry at the weather; angry customers
   - This is the main adjectival sense meaning "feeling or showing anger"
   - This fits perfectly - the driver is showing/feeling anger

2. sense_key=angry%5:00:00:stormy:00 | definition=(of the elements) as if showing violent anger | synonyms=furious, raging, tempestuous, wild | examples=angry clouds on the horizon; furious winds
   - This is about natural elements (weather, clouds, winds) appearing angry
   - This doesn't fit - the driver is a person, not an element of nature

3. sense_key=angry%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=severely inflamed and painful | examples=an angry sore
   - This is about medical/health conditions (inflamed skin)
   - This doesn't fit - the driver is a person in an emotional state

The clear choice is sense 1 - the driver is displaying anger/feeling angry in response to the dangerous situation.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: driver
Target surface form: driver
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry <t>driver</t> jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=driver%1:18:00:: | definition=the operator of a motor vehicle
2. sense_key=driver%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle
3. sense_key=driver%1:18:01:: | definition=a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver
4. sense_key=driver%1:10:00:: | definition=(computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device | synonyms=device driver
5. sense_key=driver%1:06:00:: | definition=a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee | synonyms=number one wood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates that "driver" refers to the operator of the moving van. The key phrase "jumped down from the cab" establishes that this is someone controlling a motor vehicle. The moving van is explicitly mentioned in the preceding sentence, and the driver's role is to operate this truck during the intersection incident.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "driver" is being used.

From the context:
- "the angry <t>driver</t> jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them"
- The scene involves "a huge moving van roared through the intersection"
- The driver "jumped down from the cab" of the truck

The key details are:
1. This is someone operating a motor vehicle (specifically a moving van/truck)
2. The person jumped down from the "cab" - which is the operator's compartment of a truck or bus
3. The context is about someone in control of a vehicle during traffic

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. "the operator of a motor vehicle" - This fits perfectly. The person is operating a moving van (a motor vehicle).

2. "someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle" - This doesn't fit. There are no animals mentioned, and this is about a moving van (motorized).

3. "a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver" - No golf context at all.

4. "a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device" - No computer context.

5. "a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee" - No golf context.

The answer is clearly sense 1: "the operator of a motor vehicle" - this person is operating/driving the moving van/truck.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: jump
Target surface form: jumped
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver <t>jumped</t> down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=jump%2:38:00:: | definition=move forward by leaps and bounds | synonyms=leap, bound, spring | examples=The horse bounded across the meadow; The child leapt across the puddle
2. sense_key=jump%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, start | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
3. sense_key=jump%2:33:00:: | definition=make a sudden physical attack on | examples=The muggers jumped the woman in the fur coat
4. sense_key=jump%2:30:00:: | definition=increase suddenly and significantly | examples=Prices jumped overnight
5. sense_key=jump%2:42:00:: | definition=be highly noticeable | synonyms=leap out, jump out, stand out, stick out
6. sense_key=jump%2:33:03:: | definition=enter eagerly into | examples=He jumped into the game
7. sense_key=jump%2:30:01:: | definition=rise in rank or status | synonyms=rise, climb up | examples=Her new novel jumped high on the bestseller list
8. sense_key=jump%2:38:11:: | definition=jump down from an elevated point | synonyms=leap, jump off | examples=the parachutist didn't want to jump; every year, hundreds of people jump off the Golden Gate bridge
9. sense_key=jump%2:38:05:: | definition=run off or leave the rails | synonyms=derail | examples=the train derailed because a cow was standing on the tracks
10. sense_key=jump%2:38:12:: | definition=jump from an airplane and descend with a parachute | synonyms=chute, parachute
11. sense_key=jump%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to jump or leap | synonyms=leap | examples=the trainer jumped the tiger through the hoop
12. sense_key=jump%2:38:07:: | definition=start (a car engine whose battery is dead) by connecting it to another car's battery | synonyms=jumpstart
13. sense_key=jump%2:31:00:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=pass over, skip, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
14. sense_key=jump%2:30:05:: | definition=pass abruptly from one state or topic to another | synonyms=leap | examples=leap into fame; jump to a conclusion
15. sense_key=jump%2:30:03:: | definition=go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions | synonyms=alternate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

The driver is jumping down from the elevated cab of the truck. The phrase "jumped down from the cab" directly matches sense 8's definition of "jump down from an elevated point," which includes synonyms "leap, jump off." The spatial context of descending from an elevated position (the truck cab) makes this the clear best match.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"...the truck came to a stop and the angry driver <t>jumped</t> down from the cab and walked back toward them."

The key phrase is "jumped down from the cab." The driver is coming down from the cab of the truck - this is descending from an elevated point.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. move forward by leaps and bounds - Not this, the action is downward
2. move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm - Not primarily about alarm/surprise, more about the physical action
3. make a sudden physical attack on - No attack here
4. increase suddenly and significantly - No, this is about prices
5. be highly noticeable - No
6. enter eagerly into - No
7. rise in rank or status - No
8. jump down from an elevated point - THIS MATCHES! "jump down from the cab" - synonyms include "leap, jump off" and examples include "the parachutist didn't want to jump"
9. run off or leave the rails - No, not about derailing
10. jump from an airplane with parachute - No
11. cause to jump or leap - No, the driver is doing the jumping himself
12. jump start a car engine - No
13. bypass - No
14. pass abruptly from one state to another - No
15. go back and forth - No

The answer is clearly sense 8: "jump down from an elevated point" - this directly matches the context of the driver jumping down from the cab of the truck.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cab
Target surface form: cab
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the <t>cab</t> and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cab%1:06:02:: | definition=a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits
2. sense_key=cab%1:06:01:: | definition=small two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage; with two seats and a folding hood | synonyms=cabriolet
3. sense_key=cab%1:06:00:: | definition=a car driven by a person whose job is to take passengers where they want to go in exchange for money | synonyms=hack, taxi, taxicab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "cab" is being used.

From the sentence: "the angry driver jumped down from the <t>cab</t> and walked back toward them"

The context mentions:
- A huge moving van roared through the intersection
- The truck came to a stop
- The angry driver jumped down from the cab

So the "cab" here refers to a part of a vehicle - specifically the front compartment of the truck where the driver sits.

Let me check each sense:

1. sense_key=cab%1:06:02:: - "a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits" - This matches! It's describing the driver's compartment of a truck.

2. sense_key=cab%1:06:01:: - "small two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage; with two seats and a folding hood" - This doesn't fit. This is about a horse-drawn carriage (cabriolet), not a truck.

3. sense_key=cab%1:06:00:: - "a car driven by a person whose job is to take passengers where they want to go in exchange for money" - This is a taxi/taxicab. This doesn't fit either, as this is about a truck, not a taxi service.

The correct sense is clearly sense 1, which describes the driver's compartment of a motor vehicle (in this case, the truck).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: walk
Target surface form: walked
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and <t>walked</t> back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=walk%2:38:00:: | definition=use one's feet to advance; advance by steps | examples=Walk, don't run!; We walked instead of driving
2. sense_key=walk%2:38:01:: | definition=accompany or escort | examples=I'll walk you to your car
3. sense_key=walk%2:33:00:: | definition=obtain a base on balls
4. sense_key=walk%2:38:03:: | definition=traverse or cover by walking | examples=Walk the tightrope; Paul walked the streets of Damascus
5. sense_key=walk%2:33:01:: | definition=give a base on balls to
6. sense_key=walk%2:41:00:: | definition=live or behave in a specified manner | examples=walk in sadness
7. sense_key=walk%2:41:01:: | definition=be or act in association with | examples=We must walk with our dispossessed brothers and sisters; Walk with God
8. sense_key=walk%2:38:02:: | definition=walk at a pace | examples=The horses walked across the meadow
9. sense_key=walk%2:38:05:: | definition=make walk | examples=He walks the horse up the mountain; Walk the dog twice a day
10. sense_key=walk%2:38:04:: | definition=take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure | synonyms=take the air | examples=The lovers held hands while walking; We like to walk every Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes the angry driver physically moving on foot back toward Phil and the stranger after jumping down from his vehicle cab. This is a straightforward use of "walked" meaning "use one's feet to advance; advance by steps"—the most basic and fundamental sense of the verb. The other senses (escort, baseball-related, traverse, manner of living, association, specific pace, causing another to walk, or leisure walking) do not fit the simple action being described here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine which sense of "walked" is being used.

In the sentence: "the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them"

The driver is moving on foot back toward Phil and the stranger. This is a physical movement from one location to another using one's feet.

Let me consider each candidate:

1. "use one's feet to advance; advance by steps" - This is the basic sense of walk. The driver walked (moved on foot) back toward them. This seems to fit.

2. "accompany or escort" - The driver is not escorting them, just walking toward them. Doesn't fit.

3. "obtain a base on balls" (baseball) - Not applicable here.

4. "traverse or cover by walking" - The driver is walking back toward them. This could work, but it implies a specific purpose of covering/traversing a distance.

5. "give a base on balls to" (baseball) - Not applicable.

6. "live or behave in a specified manner" - Not applicable here.

7. "be or act in association with" - Not applicable here.

8. "walk at a pace" - The driver is walking at some pace. Could fit.

9. "make walk" - Not applicable (the driver is walking, not making someone else walk).

10. "take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure" - The driver is not walking for pleasure, he's walking with purpose/anger toward them.

The most basic and common sense here is sense 1: "use one's feet to advance; advance by steps." The driver simply walked (moved forward on foot) back toward them. This is the most straightforward interpretation.

Between sense 1 and sense 8, sense 1 is more general and basic. The context doesn't particularly emphasize the pace at which the driver walked, so sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stranger
Target surface form: stranger
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the <t>stranger</t> was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stranger%1:18:00:: | definition=anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found | synonyms=alien, unknown
2. sense_key=stranger%1:18:01:: | definition=an individual that one is not acquainted with

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context establishes that Phil doesn't know this person—he calls out to warn a man he's not acquainted with. The stranger is introduced precisely because he is someone unfamiliar to Phil, not because he doesn't belong in the environment. Sense 2 ("an individual that one is not acquainted with") best captures this relationship-based meaning.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "stranger" is most appropriate.

The target sentence is: "By then, the <t>stranger</t> was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend."

Let me examine the context:
1. A man (the stranger) is crossing the street and is about to be hit by a truck
2. Phil (Haney) calls out and saves him
3. After being saved, the man thanks Haney profusely and puts an arm around his shoulders

The two candidate senses are:
1. Sense 1: "anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found" (synonyms: alien, unknown)
   - This emphasizes someone who is out of place in their current environment

2. Sense 2: "an individual that one is not acquainted with"
   - This emphasizes the relationship/acquaintance status between the stranger and the speaker/other characters

Looking at the context, the key point is that Phil doesn't know this man - Phil calls out to warn him without thinking. The man is called a "stranger" because Phil is not acquainted with him. There's no emphasis on the man being out of place in the environment or being an "alien" to the location.

The context shows that Phil saves a person he doesn't know (doesn't have acquaintance with). The definition "an individual that one is not acquainted with" fits perfectly. The man becomes friendly with Phil only after being saved, but he is initially introduced as a stranger, meaning someone Phil doesn't know.

The first sense about "not belonging" or being an "alien" to the environment doesn't fit as well - the focus is not on whether the man belongs in the street or city, but rather on the fact that Phil doesn't know him personally.

So the best answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arm
Target surface form: arm
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one <t>arm</t> around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arm%1:08:00:: | definition=a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb
2. sense_key=arm%1:06:03:: | definition=any projection that is thought to resemble a human arm | synonyms=branch, limb | examples=the arm of the record player; an arm of the sea
3. sense_key=arm%1:06:01:: | definition=any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting | synonyms=weapon, weapon system | examples=he was licensed to carry a weapon
4. sense_key=arm%1:06:02:: | definition=the part of an armchair or sofa that supports the elbow and forearm of a seated person
5. sense_key=arm%1:14:00:: | definition=a division of some larger or more complex organization | synonyms=branch, subdivision | examples=a branch of Congress; botany is a branch of biology
6. sense_key=arm%1:06:00:: | definition=the part of a garment that is attached at the armhole and that provides a cloth covering for the arm | synonyms=sleeve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly shows the stranger putting "one arm around his shoulders," which is a straightforward reference to the human body part. This is the literal anatomical sense of arm - a limb being used in a gesture of gratitude and friendship.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The passage describes a scene where Phil saves a stranger from being hit by a truck. The relevant sentence is:

"By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one <t>arm</t> around his shoulders as if he were an old friend."

The target word "arm" here is being used as the stranger puts his arm around Phil's shoulders - this is a human body part being used in a gesture of friendship/gratitude.

Let me consider the candidate senses:

1. "a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb" - This is the literal human body part
2. "any projection that is thought to resemble a human arm" - This would be for things like branches, arms of the sea, etc.
3. "any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting" - This is about weapons
4. "the part of an armchair or sofa that supports the elbow and forearm" - This is about furniture
5. "a division of some larger or more complex organization" - This is about organizational structure
6. "the part of a garment that is attached at the armhole" - This is about sleeves

In the context "had one arm around his shoulders," this is clearly referring to the human body part. The stranger is putting his arm (the human limb) around Phil's shoulders in a gesture of gratitude/friendship.

The best match is sense 1: "a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb"

This is the literal, anatomical use of the word arm in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shoulder
Target surface form: shoulders
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his <t>shoulders</t> as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm
2. sense_key=shoulder%1:13:00:: | definition=a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg
3. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:02:: | definition=a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula | synonyms=shoulder joint, articulatio humeri
4. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:01:: | definition=the part of a garment that covers or fits over the shoulder | examples=an ornamental gold braid on the shoulder of his uniform
5. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:00:: | definition=a narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road | synonyms=berm | examples=the car pulled off onto the shoulder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes the stranger placing his arm around the other person's shoulders as a gesture of gratitude and friendly affection ("had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend"). This clearly refers to the anatomical part of the body—the physical shoulder region where one would naturally place an arm. Sense 1, "the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm," is the most appropriate match for this usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "shoulders" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his <t>shoulders</t> as if he were an old friend."

The context describes the stranger putting his arm around Phil's shoulders. This is clearly referring to the physical part of the body - the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm where one would put an arm around someone in a gesture of gratitude or friendship.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:00:: - "the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm" - This is the basic anatomical definition. This fits perfectly with the context where the stranger has his arm around the shoulders of the person.

2. sense_key=shoulder%1:13:00:: - "a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg" - This is a culinary/meat sense. Doesn't fit.

3. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:02:: - "a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula" - This is a more specific anatomical sense referring to the shoulder joint. While technically correct, the context is about putting an arm around someone's shoulders, which typically refers to the broader shoulder region, not specifically the joint.

4. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:01:: - "the part of a garment that covers or fits over the shoulder" - This refers to clothing. Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:00:: - "a narrow edge of land along the side of a road" - This refers to a road feature. Doesn't fit.

The best choice is sense 1, which refers to the anatomical part of the body (the shoulder region). This is the most natural and common interpretation when someone puts an arm around another person's shoulders as a gesture of affection or gratitude.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: old
Target surface form: old
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an <t>old</t> friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=old%3:00:02:: | definition=(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age | examples=his mother is very old; a ripe old age
2. sense_key=old%3:00:01:: | definition=of long duration; not new | examples=old tradition; old house
3. sense_key=old%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=(used for emphasis) very familiar | examples=good old boy; same old story
4. sense_key=old%5:00:00:experienced:00 | definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=older | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
5. sense_key=old%5:00:03:past:00 | definition=belonging to some prior time | synonyms=erstwhile, former, onetime, quondam, sometime | examples=erstwhile friend; our former glory
6. sense_key=old%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=(used informally especially for emphasis) | synonyms=honest-to-god, honest-to-goodness, sure-enough | examples=a real honest-to-god live cowboy; had us a high old time
7. sense_key=old%5:00:00:early:01 | definition=of a very early stage in development | examples=Old English is also called Anglo Saxon; Old High German is High German from the middle of the 9th to the end of the 11th century
8. sense_key=old%5:00:00:preceding:00 | definition=just preceding something else in time or order | synonyms=previous | examples=the previous owner; my old house was larger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The phrase "as if he were an old friend" uses "old" to emphasize the familiarity and closeness between Phil and the stranger. Despite having just met moments before, the stranger's grateful behavior and physical affection (arm around shoulders) suggests he treats Phil with the warmth and comfort one shows to someone very familiar. Sense 3 captures this meaning of "old" as "very familiar" (exemplified by phrases like "good old boy" and "same old story").

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the phrase "as if he were an old friend."

The context describes Phil helping the stranger avoid being hit by a truck. The stranger is now thanking Phil profusely and has one arm around his shoulders "as if he were an old friend."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time - Not applicable here, as it's not about the person's age.

2. of long duration; not new - This could refer to the relationship being long-standing, but the stranger just met Phil.

3. (used for emphasis) very familiar - This seems to fit! The stranger is treating Phil as if he's very familiar with him, even though they just met. "Good old boy" and "same old story" are examples of emphasis on familiarity.

4. skilled through long experience - Not applicable here.

5. belonging to some prior time (erstwhile, former) - This could work - "old friend" might mean "former friend," but the context suggests the stranger treats Phil AS IF they were old/familiar friends, not that they used to be friends.

6. (used informally especially for emphasis) - Similar to sense 3, this is about emphasis, like "a real honest-to-god live cowboy"

7. of a very early stage in development - Not applicable.

8. just preceding something else in time or order - Not applicable.

The key phrase is "as if he were an old friend" - meaning the stranger is treating Phil with the familiarity and warmth one would show to an old, well-known friend. Even though they just met, the stranger's behavior suggests they're familiar friends.

Sense 3 "very familiar" seems to be the best fit. The "good old boy" example shows this usage of "old" to emphasize familiarity. When someone calls someone an "old friend," they often mean someone they're very familiar and comfortable with.

Actually, sense 5 about "belonging to some prior time" (former, erstwhile) could also work - meaning "former friend" or a friend from long ago.

But the stranger has just met Phil, so the emphasis here is on the immediate sense of closeness and comfort between them despite their brief acquaintance. Sense 3 captures this best—the word "old" underscores how deeply familiar they seem to each other in that moment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: friend
Target surface form: friend
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old <t>friend</t>. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=friend%1:18:00:: | definition=a person you know well and regard with affection and trust | examples=he was my best friend at the university
2. sense_key=friend%1:18:03:: | definition=an associate who provides cooperation or assistance | synonyms=ally | examples=he's a good ally in fight
3. sense_key=friend%1:18:02:: | definition=a person with whom you are acquainted | synonyms=acquaintance | examples=I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances; we are friends of the family
4. sense_key=friend%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who backs a politician or a team etc. | synonyms=supporter, protagonist, champion, admirer, booster | examples=all their supporters came out for the game; they are friends of the library
5. sense_key=friend%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers) | synonyms=Quaker

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context shows the stranger displaying affection and trust toward Phil—putting an arm around his shoulders and thanking him profusely. The phrase "as if he were an old friend" emphasizes the warmth, closeness, and emotional bond that characterizes sense 1: "a person you know well and regard with affection and trust." Although they have just met, the stranger is behaving toward Phil with the affection and intimacy of a close friend.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "friend" in this passage.

The key phrase is: "the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend."

The context shows:
1. Phil (or Haney) just saved a stranger's life by warning him about the truck
2. They have just met moments ago
3. The stranger is now treating Phil as if they were an old friend - being very affectionate and grateful
4. The phrase "as if he were an old friend" is important - it's comparing the stranger's behavior to that of a close friend

Let me evaluate the senses:

1. Sense 1: "a person you know well and regard with affection and trust" - This is the primary, most intimate sense of friend. The phrase "as if he were an old friend" suggests this closeness, though ironically they just met.

2. Sense 2: "an associate who provides cooperation or assistance" - This could apply since Phil just helped the stranger, but the context doesn't emphasize cooperation/assistance relationship.

3. Sense 3: "a person with whom you are acquainted" - This is less intimate than sense 1, but the context emphasizes the gratitude and affection shown.

4. Sense 4: "a person who backs a politician or a team etc." - Not applicable here.

5. Sense 5: Religious Society of Friends - Not applicable.

The key phrase is "as if he were an old friend" which emphasizes the warmth, affection, and trust that would come with a close friendship. Even though they just met, the stranger is acting toward Phil with the familiarity and warmth of an old friend. This best matches Sense 1, which emphasizes affection and trust.

Sense 1 is the best answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: driver
Target surface form: driver
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the <t>driver</t> started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=driver%1:18:00:: | definition=the operator of a motor vehicle
2. sense_key=driver%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle
3. sense_key=driver%1:18:01:: | definition=a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver
4. sense_key=driver%1:10:00:: | definition=(computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device | synonyms=device driver
5. sense_key=driver%1:06:00:: | definition=a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee | synonyms=number one wood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly describes someone operating a truck. The passage mentions "the truck came to a stop," the driver "jumped down from the cab," and refers to "the truck driver's face." This unambiguously refers to the operator of a motor vehicle.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The passage is about:

1. A man being nearly hit by a truck
2. Phil calls out to warn the man
3. The truck comes to a stop
4. "the angry driver jumped down from the cab"
5. The target word "driver" appears when it says "So the <t>driver</t> started to curse"
6. Then it mentions "the truck driver's face"

The context clearly indicates we're talking about someone who operates a motor vehicle - specifically a truck. The passage mentions:
- "the truck came to a stop"
- "the angry driver jumped down from the cab" (cabs are parts of trucks)
- "the truck driver's face"

This is obviously sense 1: "the operator of a motor vehicle" - specifically, a truck driver.

The other senses don't make sense:
- Sense 2: animal driver (no animals mentioned)
- Sense 3: golfer (no golf context)
- Sense 4: computer program (no computer context)
- Sense 5: golf club (no golf context)

The answer is clearly sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver <t>started</t> to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The sentence "the driver started to curse at both of them" uses "started" in the sense of taking the first step or beginning an action. The construction "started to curse" indicates the driver began cursing, which matches sense 1's definition of "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action," paralleled by the example "We began working at dawn."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to understand how "started" is being used.

The sentence is: "So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

In this context, "started" means the driver began or commenced cursing at them. The construction is "started to curse" which is about beginning an action.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
   - This fits well: "started to curse" = began cursing

2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
   - This is about causing something to start, less fitting

9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
   - This is about beginning something

Looking at the context, "started to curse" is clearly about the driver beginning to curse or taking the first step in the action of cursing.

Sense 1 fits best: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" with the example "We began working at dawn" - this is parallel to "started to curse at both of them."

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: curse
Target surface form: curse
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to <t>curse</t> at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=curse%2:32:00:: | definition=utter obscenities or profanities | synonyms=cuss, blaspheme, swear, imprecate | examples=The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street
2. sense_key=curse%2:32:02:: | definition=heap obscenities upon | examples=The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger
3. sense_key=curse%2:32:01:: | definition=wish harm upon; invoke evil upon | synonyms=beshrew, damn, bedamn, anathemize, anathemise, imprecate | examples=The bad witch cursed the child
4. sense_key=curse%2:32:03:: | definition=exclude from a church or a religious community | synonyms=excommunicate, unchurch | examples=The gay priest was excommunicated when he married his partner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly indicates the truck driver is directing angry, profane language **at** both men ("curse at both of them"). This matches sense 2 (heap obscenities upon), which specifically involves directing obscenities toward someone, as opposed to sense 1 which merely refers to uttering profanities generally. Sense 3 about wishing harm or invoking evil is inapplicable here—the driver is expressing anger through language, not making supernatural wishes.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "curse" in this passage.

The relevant sentence is: "So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

The context shows:
- The truck driver is angry
- He's directing his anger at both the man Phil saved and Phil himself
- He's expressing his anger verbally (the action verb is "curse at")
- The phrase "curse at both of them" suggests he's directing angry, likely obscene language toward them

Now let me evaluate each sense:

1. **Sense 1** (utter obscenities or profanities): "utter obscenities or profanities" - synonyms include cuss, blaspheme, swear. This sense refers to using foul language or profanities. The example given is "The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street" - describing people using profane language.

2. **Sense 2** (heap obscenities upon): "heap obscenities upon" - This is about directing obscenities at someone else. The example is "The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger" - again, directing profane language at someone.

3. **Sense 3** (wish harm upon): "wish harm upon; invoke evil upon" - This is about wishing bad things to happen to someone, with examples like "The bad witch cursed the child" - this is about curses in a magical/superstitious sense.

4. **Sense 4** (excommunicate): This is clearly not applicable here as it involves religious exclusion.

The key phrase is "curse at both of them." This suggests the driver is directing angry, profane language toward them. Both sense 1 and sense 2 could work, but sense 2 (heap obscenities upon) is more specific because it includes the directionality ("at" or "upon" them), whereas sense 1 is more general about uttering obscenities.
The "at" in "curse at both of them" is the crucial detail—it indicates the driver is heaping obscenities upon them rather than simply uttering profanities in general. Sense 2 captures this directed nature perfectly, making it the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plot
Target surface form: plot
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a <t>plot</t> together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plot%1:09:00:: | definition=a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal) | synonyms=secret plan, game | examples=they concocted a plot to discredit the governor; I saw through his little game from the start
2. sense_key=plot%1:15:00:: | definition=a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation | synonyms=plot of land, plot of ground, patch | examples=a bean plot; a cabbage patch
3. sense_key=plot%1:10:00:: | definition=the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc. | examples=the characters were well drawn but the plot was banal
4. sense_key=plot%1:10:01:: | definition=a chart or map showing the movements or progress of an object

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "plot" is used to mean a secret scheme or conspiracy. The truck driver accuses Phil and the stranger of being "in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record." This matches sense 1, which defines plot as "a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)." The context clearly indicates the driver believes they conspired together, which aligns perfectly with the synonyms "secret plan" and the given examples of plots being schemes to discredit someone.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "plot" is being used.

In the passage, the angry truck driver says: "they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

The driver is accusing Phil and the stranger of conspiring together to damage his safe-driving record. This is clearly referring to a secret scheme or conspiracy.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)" - This fits perfectly. The driver thinks they conspired to ruin his record.

2. "a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation" - This doesn't fit at all. The context has nothing to do with land or vegetation.

3. "the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc." - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about a narrative in a fictional work.

4. "a chart or map showing the movements or progress of an object" - This doesn't fit either.

The correct answer is clearly sense 1, which is the sense of a secret scheme or conspiracy. The examples given ("they concocted a plot to discredit the governor; I saw through his little game from the start") perfectly match the usage in the text.

The sense index for sense 1 is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ruin
Target surface form: ruin
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to <t>ruin</t> his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ruin%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy completely; damage irreparably | synonyms=destroy | examples=You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!; The tears ruined her make-up
2. sense_key=ruin%2:41:00:: | definition=destroy or cause to fail | examples=This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election
3. sense_key=ruin%2:40:00:: | definition=reduce to bankruptcy | synonyms=bankrupt, break, smash | examples=My daughter's fancy wedding is going to break me!; The slump in the financial markets smashed him
4. sense_key=ruin%2:35:01:: | definition=reduce to ruins | examples=The country lay ruined after the war
5. sense_key=ruin%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of virginity | synonyms=deflower | examples=This dirty old man deflowered several young girls in the village
6. sense_key=ruin%2:30:00:: | definition=fall into ruin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context shows the driver is concerned about his safe-driving record being damaged. The phrase "ruin his safe-driving record" is about causing something to fail or be harmed, not about physical destruction or financial ruin. This aligns with sense 2 ("destroy or cause to fail"), as exemplified by the parallel structure "ruin your chances of winning the election."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to understand which sense of "ruin" is being used.

The context: "So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

The driver is upset because his safe-driving record might be affected. Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "destroy completely; damage irreparably" - to physically destroy or damage something irreparably (e.g., ruining a car with sugar, ruining makeup with tears)

2. "destroy or cause to fail" - to destroy or cause something to fail (e.g., ruining chances of winning an election)

3. "reduce to bankruptcy" - to make someone bankrupt (financial ruin)

4. "reduce to ruins" - to reduce something to physical ruins (e.g., a country ruined after war)

5. "deprive of virginity" - a specific meaning related to sexual matters

6. "fall into ruin" - a noun form meaning deterioration

In this context, the driver is talking about his safe-driving record being ruined. A safe-driving record is not something that can be physically destroyed (sense 1) or reduced to bankruptcy (sense 3). It's also not about virginity (sense 5) or falling into ruin (sense 6).

The most appropriate sense is sense 2: "destroy or cause to fail" - because the driver's concern is that his safe-driving record will be damaged/harmed/caused to fail. This is similar to "ruining your chances of winning the election" - both are about causing something important to fail.

Sense 2 seems like the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: record
Target surface form: record
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving <t>record</t>. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=record%1:10:03:: | definition=anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events | examples=the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques
2. sense_key=record%1:06:00:: | definition=sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove | synonyms=phonograph record, phonograph recording, disk, disc, platter
3. sense_key=record%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had | examples=at 9-0 they have the best record in their league
4. sense_key=record%1:04:01:: | definition=the sum of recognized accomplishments | synonyms=track record | examples=the lawyer has a good record; the track record shows that he will be a good president
5. sense_key=record%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record book, book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
6. sense_key=record%1:04:00:: | definition=an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested (as in a sport) | examples=he tied the Olympic record; coffee production last year broke all previous records
7. sense_key=record%1:21:00:: | definition=a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction | examples=they could find no record of the purchase
8. sense_key=record%1:10:00:: | definition=a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted | synonyms=criminal record | examples=he ruled that the criminal record of the defendant could not be disclosed to the court; the prostitute had a record a mile long

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The phrase "safe-driving record" refers to the driver's track record or history of accomplishments in safe driving. This matches sense 4, which defines record as "the sum of recognized accomplishments" with the synonym "track record." The driver is concerned about his driving history being negatively affected by the incident.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "record" appears in the sentence:

"So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

The phrase is "safe-driving record." This refers to the driver's history or track record of safe driving. The driver is concerned that his history of safe driving (as in accident-free driving) might be affected by this incident.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=record%1:10:03:: - anything providing permanent evidence of past events (general evidence)
2. sense_key=record%1:06:00:: - phonograph record (music disk) - clearly not relevant
3. sense_key=record%1:23:00:: - the number of wins versus losses in sports - not relevant
4. sense_key=record%1:04:01:: - the sum of recognized accomplishments (track record) - this seems very relevant as "safe-driving record" would be about his accomplishments/history of safe driving
5. sense_key=record%1:10:02:: - a compilation of known facts about something - could fit
6. sense_key=record%1:04:00:: - an extreme attainment; best/worst performance (like Olympic records) - this is about breaking records in performance
7. sense_key=record%1:21:00:: - a document serving as legal evidence - not the main meaning here
8. sense_key=record%1:10:00:: - a list of crimes (criminal record) - while "record" can mean this, it doesn't fit the context of "safe-driving record"

The best fit is sense 4 (record%1:04:01::) which defines it as "the sum of recognized accomplishments" with synonyms including "track record." A "safe-driving record" is exactly this - a history of accomplishments (or lack thereof) in safe driving. The synonym "track record" makes this very clear.
Sense 1 is too broad, and while sense 5 could apply, sense 4 is the most precise match for what the driver means by his safe-driving record—his accumulated history of driving performance.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: man
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the <t>man</t> he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to a specific adult male person - "the stranger" or "the guy" who Haney saved from being hit by the truck. The word is used in its most basic sense to denote an adult male individual, not a generic reference to humanity, nor any of the other specialized senses (serviceman, subordinate, manservant, etc.).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "man" is best.

In the passage: "Then the <t>man</t> he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

The context is:
- A truck driver was angered
- Haney shouted to warn him about a guy (the stranger)
- The stranger was grateful and put his arm around Haney's shoulders
- The driver cursed at both of them
- Then "the man he saved" turned and looked at the driver
- The driver suddenly stopped swearing and left

So "the man he saved" refers to the stranger who Haney saved from being hit by the truck. This is clearly referring to a specific adult male person in the narrative.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)" - This fits. It's referring to a specific adult male person.

2. "someone who serves in the armed forces" - No evidence of this in the context.

3. "the generic use of the word to refer to any human being" - No, this is referring to a specific individual, not a generic reference.

4. "any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae" - This is too generic/biological.

5. "a male subordinate" - No indication of a subordinate relationship.

6. "an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent)" - While the stranger does show composure, this isn't the primary meaning here.

7. "a manservant who acts as a personal attendant" - No, the stranger isn't a servant.

8. "a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend)" - No romantic relationship indicated.

9. "Isle of Man" - Not relevant.

10. "game equipment consisting of an object" - Not relevant.

11. "all of the living human inhabitants" - Not relevant.

The best fit is sense 1: "an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)" - a straightforward reference to an adult male person in the narrative.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: save
Target surface form: saved
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he <t>saved</t> turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=save%2:41:01:: | definition=save from ruin, destruction, or harm | synonyms=salvage, salve, relieve
2. sense_key=save%2:40:00:: | definition=to keep up and reserve for personal or special use | synonyms=preserve | examples=She saved the old family photographs in a drawer
3. sense_key=save%2:41:00:: | definition=bring into safety | synonyms=carry through, pull through, bring through | examples=We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack
4. sense_key=save%2:40:02:: | definition=spend less; buy at a reduced price
5. sense_key=save%2:40:01:: | definition=accumulate money for future use | synonyms=lay aside, save up | examples=He saves half his salary
6. sense_key=save%2:30:00:: | definition=make unnecessary an expenditure or effort | synonyms=make unnecessary | examples=This will save money; I'll save you the trouble
7. sense_key=save%2:41:02:: | definition=save from sins | synonyms=deliver, redeem
8. sense_key=save%2:41:05:: | definition=refrain from harming | synonyms=spare
9. sense_key=save%2:40:04:: | definition=spend sparingly, avoid the waste of | synonyms=economize, economise | examples=This move will save money; The less fortunate will have to economize now
10. sense_key=save%2:40:03:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, keep | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
11. sense_key=save%2:32:04:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=write | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly shows that Haney shouted to warn the truck driver, preventing him from hitting the stranger with his truck. The target word "saved" refers to preventing the stranger from being harmed or struck by the vehicle. This matches sense 1: "save from ruin, destruction, or harm," with synonyms like "salvage" and "relieve" that capture the protective action of rescuing someone from danger.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "saved" in this sentence.

The context: A man shouts to warn a truck driver, preventing the driver from hitting a stranger with his truck. The man he "saved" is referring to the stranger who was about to be hit by the truck.

So "saved" here means the protagonist prevented the stranger from being harmed/hit by the truck. He rescued him from potential harm or danger.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "save from ruin, destruction, or harm" - This fits the context well. The stranger was about to be hit by a truck, which would cause harm.

2. "to keep up and reserve for personal or special use" - Doesn't fit. Not about preserving something for later use.

3. "bring into safety" - This also fits well. The protagonist brought the stranger into safety by warning/preventing the truck from hitting him.

4. "spend less; buy at a reduced price" - Doesn't fit. Not about money/shopping.

5. "accumulate money for future use" - Doesn't fit. Not about money.

6. "make unnecessary an expenditure or effort" - Doesn't fit. Not about making something unnecessary.

7. "save from sins" - Doesn't fit. Not about religious salvation.

8. "refrain from harming" - Could fit, but less precise than the others.

9. "spend sparingly, avoid the waste of" - Doesn't fit. Not about economizing.

10. "retain rights to" - Doesn't fit. Not about retaining rights.

11. "record data on a computer" - Doesn't fit. Not about computers.

Between senses 1 and 3, both could work:
- Sense 1: "save from ruin, destruction, or harm" - emphasizes the harm being prevented
- Sense 3: "bring into safety" - emphasizes bringing to a state of safety
- Haney's shout prevented the stranger from being struck, moving him from immediate danger to safety. Sense 3 captures this transition most directly—the stranger was brought into a safe state rather than merely protected from harm.

Looking at the examples again, sense 1 emphasizes rescuing from harm itself, while sense 3 focuses on the resulting safe condition. Since the core action involves pulling someone away from a truck and into safety, sense 1 actually fits better—it's specifically about saving from harm, which matches what occurred.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turned
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved <t>turned</t> and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "turned" in the phrase "the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face" describes a change in physical orientation or direction. The man rotates his body to face the driver. This matches sense 1 ("change orientation or direction"), which is strongly supported by the example "The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face"—a structurally similar usage where someone changes their directional orientation to perform an action.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the specific usage of "turned" in this passage.

The sentence is: "Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

This describes the man physically rotating his body/head to face the truck driver and look at him. It's about changing the direction his body/face is pointing.

Let me look at the relevant candidate senses:

1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face

This fits perfectly. It's about changing orientation/direction. The example "The mugger turned and fled" is very similar to our context - it's about the person physically reorienting themselves.

Other potentially relevant senses:
- sense 6 (turn%2:38:03::): pass to the other side - doesn't fit
- sense 19 (turn%2:38:13::): cause to move along an axis or into a new direction - this could also fit, but sense 1 seems more directly about the person turning themselves

The context shows: "turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face" - this is clearly about the man changing his physical orientation/direction to face the driver.

Sense 1 is the best match - it's about changing orientation or direction, and the example "The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face" is nearly identical in structure to our usage (someone turning to do something).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look
Target surface form: looked
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and <t>looked</t> squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards | examples=She looked over the expanse of land; Look at your child!
2. sense_key=look%2:39:01:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=appear, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
3. sense_key=look%2:29:00:: | definition=have a certain outward or facial expression | examples=How does she look?; The child looks unhappy
4. sense_key=look%2:39:02:: | definition=search or seek | synonyms=search | examples=We looked all day and finally found the child in the forest; Look elsewhere for the perfect gift!
5. sense_key=look%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, face | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
6. sense_key=look%2:41:13:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
7. sense_key=look%2:32:00:: | definition=convey by one's expression | examples=She looked her devotion to me
8. sense_key=look%2:31:00:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=expect, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
9. sense_key=look%2:42:02:: | definition=accord in appearance with | examples=You don't look your age!
10. sense_key=look%2:31:02:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, calculate, reckon | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a deliberate, intentional action where "the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face." This is clearly about directing one's gaze or attention toward something specific—the driver's face. Sense 1 ("perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards") with its example "Look at your child!" directly matches this meaning. The other senses relate to impressions, expressions, searching, or abstract meanings, none of which fit the concrete physical action being described here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully:

"Then the man he saved turned and <t>looked</t> squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

The key context is:
- The man "turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face"
- This is a deliberate, intentional action
- It's done "without saying a word" - a silent but meaningful gesture
- The man is looking directly at the driver's face

Let me consider each sense:

1. sense 1: "perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards" - This fits the basic action of looking. "Look at your child!" example shows directing gaze.

2. sense 2: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" - This is about appearance/impression, like "She seems to be sleeping"

3. sense 3: "have a certain outward or facial expression" - About the expression on one's face, like "How does she look?" or "The child looks unhappy"

4. sense 4: "search or seek" - About searching, not applicable here

5. sense 5: "be oriented in a certain direction" - About physical orientation of objects

6. sense 6: "take charge of or deal with" - Not applicable

7. sense 7: "convey by one's expression" - About conveying something through facial expression

8. sense 8: "look forward to the probable occurrence of" - About expecting

9. sense 9: "accord in appearance with" - Not applicable

10. sense 10: "have faith or confidence in" - Not applicable

The sentence is describing a physical action of looking - the man directs his gaze toward the driver's face. This is the act of perceiving/directing one's gaze, not about what impression is given or what expression is conveyed.

Sense 1 "perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards" with the example "Look at your child!" is the most appropriate. This is about the act of looking/directing attention toward something.
The answer is sense 1.