[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: news
Target surface form: news
Context:
American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online <t>news</t> outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=news%1:10:00:: | definition=information about recent and important events | synonyms=intelligence, tidings, word | examples=they awaited news of the outcome
2. sense_key=news%1:10:01:: | definition=information reported in a newspaper or news magazine | examples=the news of my death was greatly exaggerated
3. sense_key=news%1:10:02:: | definition=a program devoted to current events, often using interviews and commentary | synonyms=news program, news show | examples=we watch the 7 o'clock news every night
4. sense_key=news%1:10:03:: | definition=informal information of any kind that is not previously known to someone | examples=it was news to me
5. sense_key=news%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being sufficiently interesting to be reported in news bulletins | synonyms=newsworthiness | examples=the judge conceded the newsworthiness of the trial; he is no longer news in the fashion world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "an online news outlet" refers to a platform that provides information about recent and important events. This matches sense 1, which defines news as "information about recent and important events." The context shows Iraq Oil Forum as a medium for disseminating current information about oil industry developments, fitting this general definition of news.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "news" and it appears in this context: "Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online <t>news</t> outlet."

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=news%1:10:00:: | definition=information about recent and important events | synonyms=intelligence, tidings, word | examples=they awaited news of the outcome
   - This is about information regarding recent/important events

2. sense_key=news%1:10:01:: | definition=information reported in a newspaper or news magazine | examples=the news of my death was greatly exaggerated
   - This is about information from newspapers or news magazines

3. sense_key=news%1:10:02:: | definition=a program devoted to current events, often using interviews and commentary | synonyms=news program, news show | examples=we watch the 7 o'clock news every night
   - This is specifically about TV/radio news programs

4. sense_key=news%1:10:03:: | definition=informal information of any kind that is not previously known to someone | examples=it was news to me
   - This is informal, about any information not previously known

5. sense_key=news%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being sufficiently interesting to be reported in news bulletins | synonyms=newsworthiness | examples=the judge conceded the newsworthiness of the trial; he is no longer news in the fashion world
   - This is about the quality of being newsworthy

In the context, "Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet" - the word "news" is being used as an adjective modifying "outlet." A "news outlet" is a medium or platform for distributing news/information about current events.

The most appropriate sense would be sense 1 or 2. Since the context mentions "an online news outlet," it's referring to a platform/medium for distributing information about recent and important events.

Sense 1 captures the general concept of information about recent and important events, which applies regardless of the medium. Sense 2 is too narrow since it specifically references newspapers and magazines, whereas this outlet is online. Senses 3, 4, and 5 don't fit—sense 3 is for broadcast programs, sense 4 is informal usage, and sense 5 refers to newsworthiness as a quality rather than the information itself. Sense 1 is the best match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: outlet
Target surface form: outlet
Context:
American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news <t>outlet</t>. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=outlet%1:06:01:: | definition=a place of business for retailing goods | synonyms=mercantile establishment, retail store, sales outlet
2. sense_key=outlet%1:06:02:: | definition=receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices | synonyms=wall socket, wall plug, electric outlet, electrical outlet, electric receptacle
3. sense_key=outlet%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, issue, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
4. sense_key=outlet%1:04:00:: | definition=activity that frees or expresses creative energy or emotion | synonyms=release, vent | examples=she had no other outlet for her feelings; he gave vent to his anger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "outlet" in this passage.

The sentence is: "Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet."

The target word "outlet" is being used to describe "Iraq Oil Forum" as an "online news outlet."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=outlet%1:06:01:: | definition=a place of business for retailing goods | synonyms=mercantile establishment, retail store, sales outlet
   - This refers to a store or retail establishment. While "outlet" could refer to a place, an "online news outlet" doesn't fit this sense well.

2. sense_key=outlet%1:06:02:: | definition=receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices | synonyms=wall socket, wall plug, electric outlet, electrical outlet, electric receptacle
   - This is clearly about electrical outlets/sockets. This doesn't fit "news outlet."

3. sense_key=outlet%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, issue, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
   - This refers to an opening or escape route. While this could metaphorically apply, it's not the best fit.

4. sense_key=outlet%1:04:00:: | definition=activity that frees or expresses creative energy or emotion | synonyms=release, vent | examples=she had no other outlet for her feelings; he gave vent to his anger
   - This sense refers to an outlet as a means of expression or release. An "online news outlet" is indeed a medium through which news is expressed/published/released to the public.

Wait, let me reconsider. An "online news outlet" is typically a media organization or platform that publishes/distributes news. This is related to the concept of a "means of distribution" or "channel."
Reconsidering sense 1 more carefully—the "sales outlet" synonym suggests a distribution point. An "online news outlet" functions similarly as a platform where information is distributed to the public, making it a distribution channel or medium. This interpretation aligns better with how the term is actually used in the context of news organizations.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: Concerns
Context:
The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. <t>Concerns</t> over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The word "Concerns" in this context refers to things that cause anxiety or worry—specifically, security issues and political instability. This matches sense 4 ("something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness"), as evidenced by the example "New York traffic is a constant concern" and the synonyms "worry, headache, vexation." The phrase "Concerns over security" clearly indicates the sources of worry rather than the anxious feeling itself.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for "Concerns" in this passage.

From the context: "Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq..."

The word "Concerns" here is referring to anxieties or worries about security and political instability. These are things that cause worry or anxiety.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
   - This fits somewhat - security and political instability do affect the companies and the decision-makers

2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
   - This fits - "concerns over security" suggests anxious feelings about security

3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
   - This doesn't fit well - the context is about worries, not sympathy

4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
   - This fits well - "concerns over security" means things that cause anxiety/worry

5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business
   - This doesn't fit - the context isn't about a business entity

Between senses 2 and 4, the distinction matters. The passage refers to the actual sources of worry—security threats and political instability—rather than the emotional state itself. The example "New York traffic is a constant concern" parallels this usage perfectly, making sense 4 the strongest match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: security
Target surface form: security
Context:
The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over <t>security</t>, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being free from danger or injury | examples=we support the armed services in the name of national security
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: | definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=protection | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: | definition=freedom from anxiety or fear | examples=the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: | definition=a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: | definition=property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation | synonyms=surety | examples=bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: | definition=a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers | synonyms=security department | examples=the head of security was a former policeman
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: | definition=a guarantee that an obligation will be met | synonyms=surety
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: | definition=an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in | synonyms=security system, security measure
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: | definition=measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. | synonyms=security measures | examples=military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context is discussing concerns about physical safety and the threat of violence (bombings and political instability) that deter American companies from investing in Iraq. This aligns with sense 1: "the state of being free from danger or injury," as exemplified by "national security." The "concerns over security" refer to the dangerous conditions and lack of safety in the region.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine which sense of "security" is being used.

The target sentence is: "Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said."

Looking at the context:
- The passage discusses Iraq's oil industry opening after war
- There are "massive coordinated bombings Tuesday" mentioned
- There's "political instability as the U.S. military withdraws"
- These concerns are keeping American oil companies from investing

This is clearly about physical/personal safety from danger - the worry about bombings and violence that makes the situation unsafe for doing business.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. "the state of being free from danger or injury" | national security - This fits! It's about safety from bombings and violence.

2. "defense against financial failure; financial independence" - Not relevant here

3. "freedom from anxiety or fear" - This could fit emotionally, but it's more about physical safety

4. Financial securities (documents) - Not relevant

5. Property for creditor claims - Not relevant

6. Security department - Not relevant

7. Guarantee of obligation - Not relevant

8. Electrical device/alarm - Not relevant

9. "measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc." - This is about security measures/precautions

Between sense 1 and 9:
- Sense 1: "the state of being free from danger or injury" - this is about the condition of safety
- Sense 9: "measures taken as a precaution" - this is about the actions/measures

The context says "concerns over security" - it's expressing concern about the state of being safe (or lack thereof). The bombings and instability are THE security concerns - they make the place unsafe. This is sense 1.
Sense 9 would apply if the passage were discussing inadequate security measures, but here it's the overall condition of safety that's in question. The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bombing
Target surface form: bombings
Context:
The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated <t>bombings</t> Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bombing%1:04:00:: | definition=an attack by dropping bombs | synonyms=bombardment
2. sense_key=bombing%1:04:01:: | definition=the use of bombs for sabotage; a tactic frequently used by terrorists

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to "massive coordinated bombings" as a security concern in Iraq. This is a straightforward reference to bombing attacks that create security threats, which aligns with sense 1 ("an attack by dropping bombs"). While the incidents could also involve terrorist activity, the passage focuses on bombings as general attacks affecting security rather than specifically emphasizing sabotage or terrorist tactics, making sense 1 the more appropriate choice.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bombings" in the context of security concerns in Iraq. Let me analyze the two senses:

1. sense_key=bombing%1:04:00:: | definition=an attack by dropping bombs | synonyms=bombardment
2. sense_key=bombing%1:04:01:: | definition=the use of bombs for sabotage; a tactic frequently used by terrorists

Looking at the context: "Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq"

This is referring to a real event in Iraq during the security situation after the war. The phrase "massive coordinated bombings" suggests violent attacks that occurred. The context is about security concerns in Iraq.

The key distinguishing factors:
- Sense 1: "an attack by dropping bombs" - this is more general, referring to any attack with bombs
- Sense 2: "the use of bombs for sabotage; a tactic frequently used by terrorists" - this specifically emphasizes sabotage and terrorist tactics

In the context, we're talking about bombings that are creating security concerns in Iraq, which is undergoing political instability. This fits more with the general concept of bombings as attacks causing security issues. The coordinated nature suggests military or terrorist activity.

However, the context doesn't specifically emphasize "sabotage" or the "terrorist" nature as the primary definition. The focus is on bombings as attacks that create security concerns. Sense 1 ("an attack by dropping bombs") seems more appropriate as it's a straightforward attack reference, while Sense 2 emphasizes the sabotage/terrorist aspect which isn't as clearly emphasized in the context.

Actually, looking more carefully, both could work, but Sense 1 seems more straightforward - it's simply referring to bombing attacks as a security threat. The first sense is the more general and primary meaning.
Sense 1 is the better fit here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instability
Target surface form: instability
Context:
The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political <t>instability</t> as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "political instability as the U.S. military withdraws" in Iraq. This refers to the disorder or lack of stable political order in Iraq's governance and state structure. Sense 1 ("an unstable order") directly captures this meaning—the political system/order is unstable and disordered. This is distinct from sense 3 (which refers to literal imbalance with examples like hormonal imbalance) and better captures the political/social disorder implied in the passage.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "instability" and I need to find the best sense based on the context.

Let me analyze the context. The passage discusses concerns over:
1. Security issues (bombings)
2. Political instability as the U.S. military withdraws

The phrase "political instability" is key here. The context is about Iraq's political situation being unstable/unreliable, particularly as military forces withdraw. This is creating uncertainty and concerns about the political order and governance.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "an unstable order" - This refers to a disorder or lack of order in a system/political context
2. "unreliability attributable to being unstable" - This refers to being unreliable and unstable
3. "a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium" - This is more about physical or literal imbalance, with examples like "hormonal imbalance"
4. "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute" - This refers to lacking stability and resolve

In this context, "political instability" refers to the state of being unstable in political governance and order - the political system is not stable/secure. This is talking about the instability OF the political order itself, not necessarily an imbalance.

Sense 1 ("an unstable order") seems most appropriate because it specifically refers to an unstable political/social order.
Sense 4 ("the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute") also fits well - it's about the quality of being unstable.

Looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "an unstable order" - directly refers to disorder
- Sense 4: "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute" - refers to the quality

In the context of "political instability," we're talking about the state or quality of the political situation being unstable. Sense 1 seems to describe the condition itself (unstable order), while sense 4 describes the quality or attribute.
Sense 1 is the strongest match because it captures exactly what's happening—the political order itself has become unstable, which is the core meaning of political instability in this passage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: u.s.
Target surface form: U.S.
Context:
The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the <t>U.S.</t> military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "U.S." is being used.

Looking at the target sentence: "Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws..."

The phrase is "U.S. military" - this refers to the military of the United States.

The two candidate senses are:
1. The executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States (U.S. government)
2. North American republic containing 50 states... (the country itself)

In the phrase "U.S. military," the term "U.S." is being used to refer to the country/nation itself, not specifically to the government branches. The military is part of the government/country, but when we say "U.S. military," we're referring to the military of the United States as a country.

However, the military is technically part of the executive branch of government. But sense 1 is more about "the executive and legislative and judicial branches" together (the government structure), while sense 2 is about the country as a whole.

Looking at the broader context, "U.S. companies," "U.S. firms" - these refer to companies from the United States as a country, not specifically from the government branches.

I think sense 2 (the country itself) is the best fit here, because "U.S." when used as an adjective typically modifies nouns by referring to the country. "U.S. military," "U.S. companies," "U.S. firms" - all of these use U.S. to mean "of or from the United States (the country)."

Sense 2 is the better choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the <t>world</t>'s third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context refers to Iraq having "the world's third-largest proven crude reserves," which is a comparative statement about crude oil reserves on a global scale across all nations on Earth. This usage refers to the planet itself (Earth/globe) as the frame of reference for this comparison, making sense 4 the best fit: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "world" is used:

"Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said."

The phrase is "which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves"

This is talking about Iraq having the world's third-largest proven crude reserves. This refers to crude oil reserves across all countries on Earth, i.e., the planet Earth or the globe.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=world%1:17:01::** - "everything that exists anywhere" - This is too broad/philosophical. Not the right sense.

2. **sense_key=world%1:14:01::** - "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about a group of people with shared interest.

3. **sense_key=world%1:09:00::** - "all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you" - This is personal/subjective. Not right.

4. **sense_key=world%1:17:00::** - "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" - This makes sense! "The world's third-largest proven crude reserves" = the Earth's/the globe's third-largest proven crude reserves. Examples include "the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world" which fits this context.

Comparing the remaining options, sense 6 about "a part of the earth that can be considered separately" is too narrow since we're discussing global reserves, and sense 8 about "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" doesn't apply here. The context clearly points to the planet itself as the reference point for comparing Iraq's reserves on a worldwide scale.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyst
Target surface form: analysts
Context:
The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, <t>analysts</t> said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyst%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is skilled at analyzing data
2. sense_key=analyst%1:18:02:: | definition=an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
3. sense_key=analyst%1:18:01:: | definition=a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis | synonyms=psychoanalyst

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context discusses analysts commenting on oil industry business decisions, company ventures, competitive dynamics, and financial patterns in Iraq's oil sector. The analysts are expert commentators on business and financial matters in the energy industry, which aligns with the definition of an expert who studies financial data and recommends appropriate business actions, rather than a general data analyst or psychoanalyst.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "analyst" is being used.

The sentence is: "Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said."

The context shows that analysts are commenting on:
1. The surprising representation (or lack thereof) of American oil companies in Iraq's oil industry
2. Oil industry dynamics and business decisions
3. Political and security factors affecting business ventures in Iraq

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyst%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is skilled at analyzing data
2. sense_key=analyst%1:18:02:: | definition=an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
3. sense_key=analyst%1:18:01:: | definition=a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis | synonyms=psychoanalyst

Sense 3 (psychoanalyst) is clearly not relevant here - this is not about mental health or psychoanalysis.

Between senses 1 and 2:
- Sense 1 is more general: "someone who is skilled at analyzing data"
- Sense 2 is more specific: "an expert who studies financial data... and recommends appropriate business actions"

In this context, the analysts are discussing oil industry decisions, business ventures, and economics. This is clearly about financial and business analysis in the oil/energy sector. The analysts are expert commentators on the oil industry and business patterns.

Sense 2 (financial analyst) is the best fit because the context is specifically about:
- Oil industry business deals and ventures
- Financial/business decisions by companies
- Market dynamics and competitive positions

This is an expert commenting on financial and business patterns in the oil industry, which matches sense 2 best.
The answer is sense_index: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: u.s.
Target surface form: U.S.
Context:
Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. <t>U.S.</t> firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context makes clear that "U.S. firms" refers to companies from the United States as a country and nation-state, not the U.S. government. This is evident from the comparative reference to "Asians and Europeans" (other nations) and the discussion of private oil companies competing globally. The passage contrasts different countries and their companies in the oil industry, which aligns with sense 2 (the country as a whole) rather than sense 1 (the government specifically).

reasoning_content:
The target word is "U.S." in the context of "U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals..."

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: - "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States" - This refers to the U.S. government specifically (the governmental institutions).

2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: - "North American republic containing 50 states..." - This refers to the United States as a country/nation.

In the context, we see "U.S. firms" - these are companies from the United States (the country). The passage is talking about companies from different countries competing in Iraq's oil industry. When we say "U.S. firms," we're referring to companies from the United States as a country/nation, not from the U.S. government specifically.

Also, looking at the broader context:
- "American oil giants"
- "Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way"
- "American oil companies"
- "U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage"
- "Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies"

All of this is clearly referring to companies from the United States as a country/nation, not from the government. The contrast is between countries (U.S., China, Europe, Asia) and their private companies.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 2: the United States as a country/nation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: cases
Context:
Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some <t>cases</t> at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "in some cases" in this context means "in some instances" or "in some occurrences." The sentence refers to specific examples where U.S. firms were at a disadvantage, which directly corresponds to sense 1 (an occurrence of something; instance). The synonyms "instance" and "example" and the example "it was a case of bad judgment" align perfectly with this usage pattern.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "cases" in this sentence:

"U.S. firms were in some <t>cases</t> at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders."

In this context, "in some cases" means "in some instances" or "in some circumstances" - referring to specific examples of situations where U.S. firms were at a disadvantage.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: - "an occurrence of something" with synonyms "instance, example" - This fits! "in some cases" = "in some instances"

2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: - "a special set of circumstances" - This also could work, meaning "in some special circumstances"

3-5. Not relevant (legal proceeding, container items)

6-9. Not relevant (people requiring services, subjects, problems, statements)

10. "the quantity contained in a case" - Not relevant

11. "grammatical case" - Not relevant

12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: - "a specific state of mind that is temporary" - Not appropriate here

13-20. Not relevant (person, type sizes, plant/animal coverings, containers, etc.)

The most appropriate sense is #1, which explicitly mentions "instance" as a synonym and gives the example "it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday" - this is exactly the usage pattern we see with "in some cases."

Sense #2 could work but is less precise - it refers to "special set of circumstances" whereas sense #1 is more directly about "an occurrence" or "an instance."

The best answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other <t>government</t> controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "government controlled energy firms" refers to energy companies that are controlled by the government as the governing authority of a political unit. Sense 1 defines government as "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit," which aligns with this usage where "government" designates the institutional authority that owns or controls these firms.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "government" is being used.

The context discusses: "U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms..."

In this sentence, "government" is being used as an adjective modifying "controlled energy firms" - meaning government-controlled energy firms. This refers to energy firms that are controlled by the government (the governing authority).

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit" - This refers to the government as an institution/organization. The example "the government reduced taxes" shows the government as a noun acting as an organization. This sense would fit if we're talking about firms controlled by the government (the organization/authority).

2. "the act of governing; exercising authority" - This is about the process/action of governing. The examples show it as an abstract concept about the activity of governing. This doesn't seem to fit.

3. "the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed" - This refers to the system of government (like democracy, monarchy, etc.). This doesn't fit the context.

4. "the study of government of states and other political units" - This is about the academic field. This doesn't fit at all.

In the phrase "government controlled energy firms," the word "government" is functioning as a noun modifier, referring to firms that are controlled by the government (the governing authority). This is clearly sense 1, which defines government as "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit."

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: energy
Target surface form: energy
Context:
Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled <t>energy</t> firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=energy%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs | synonyms=free energy | examples=energy can take a wide variety of forms
2. sense_key=energy%1:07:00:: | definition=forceful exertion | synonyms=vigor, vigour, zip | examples=he plays tennis with great energy; he's full of zip
3. sense_key=energy%1:07:02:: | definition=enterprising or ambitious drive | synonyms=push, get-up-and-go | examples=Europeans often laugh at American energy
4. sense_key=energy%1:07:01:: | definition=an imaginative lively style (especially style of writing) | synonyms=muscularity, vigor, vigour, vim | examples=his writing conveys great energy; a remarkable muscularity of style
5. sense_key=energy%1:26:00:: | definition=a healthy capacity for vigorous activity | synonyms=vim, vitality | examples=jogging works off my excess energy; he seemed full of vim and vigor
6. sense_key=energy%1:19:01:: | definition=any source of usable power | examples=the DOE is responsible for maintaining the energy policy
7. sense_key=energy%1:14:00:: | definition=the federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States; created in 1977 | synonyms=Department of Energy, Energy Department, DOE

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

The context refers to "government controlled energy firms" in the oil and energy industry. The target word here refers to energy as a source of usable power - companies that produce or deal with energy resources. This aligns with sense 6, which defines energy as "any source of usable power" and provides an example about energy policy, clearly referring to the energy sector/industry.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "energy" in this sentence.

The sentence mentions: "U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs..."

Here, "energy firms" refers to companies in the energy industry - companies that produce, distribute, or deal with energy sources like oil, natural gas, electricity, etc.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=energy%1:19:00:: - physics definition about thermodynamic quantity and capacity to do work
2. sense_key=energy%1:07:00:: - forceful exertion/vigor
3. sense_key=energy%1:07:02:: - enterprising drive/ambition
4. sense_key=energy%1:07:01:: - imaginative lively style
5. sense_key=energy%1:26:00:: - healthy capacity for vigorous activity
6. sense_key=energy%1:19:01:: - any source of usable power (with DOE example about energy policy)
7. sense_key=energy%1:14:00:: - the federal department (DOE)

The context is talking about "government controlled energy firms" - companies in the energy sector. This is referring to energy as a source of usable power or fuel/power sources. Sense 6 (energy%1:19:01::) has the definition "any source of usable power" and gives the example "the DOE is responsible for maintaining the energy policy" which is clearly about the energy industry/sector.

Sense 1 is about the physics definition, which wouldn't make sense for "energy firms."

So the best answer is sense 6, which corresponds to index 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American <t>companies</t> that reached deals with the ministry. Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent years, walked away empty-handed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The word "companies" in this context is used to refer to business organizations (specifically oil companies). Let me analyze the context:

"Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry."

The text is discussing oil industry companies like Exxon-Mobil, Occidental Petroleum, Chevron, and ConocoPhillips. These are clearly business organizations/corporations.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "an institution created to conduct business" - This is about business companies/corporations. This matches perfectly.
2. "small military unit" - Not relevant
3. "the state of being with someone" - Not relevant
4. "organization of performers" - Not relevant (this is about theatrical companies)
5. "a social or business visitor" - Not relevant
6. "a social gathering of guests" - Not relevant
7. "a band of people associated temporarily" - This could apply to any group, but not the best fit
8. "crew of a ship" - Not relevant
9. "firefighters and equipment" - Not relevant

The context is clearly about business organizations. Sense 1 is the best fit: "an institution created to conduct business" with examples like "he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage"

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached <t>deals</t> with the ministry. Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent years, walked away empty-handed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "deals" in this context refers to agreements or contracts that Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum reached with the Iraqi Oil Ministry regarding oil extraction rights and terms. This matches sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each." The phrase "reached deals" indicates negotiated agreements establishing mutual obligations, rather than simply a transaction (sense 1) or treatment outcome (sense 7).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "deals".

The sentence states: "Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached <t>deals</t> with the ministry."

In this context, "deals" refers to business agreements or arrangements that the oil companies made with the Iraqi Oil Ministry. This is clearly a commercial/business context.

Let me check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: - "a particular instance of buying or selling" - synonyms: trade, business deal. Examples mention "package deal" and trade. This could fit.

2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" - synonyms: bargain. Examples mention "shady deals". This seems to fit well - it's about agreements with obligations.

3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: - "a large number or amount or extent" - This is clearly not the right sense.

4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: - "a plank of softwood" - Not relevant.

5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: - "wood that is easy to saw" - Not relevant.

6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: - "the cards held in a card game" - Not relevant.

7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: - "the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement)" - This is about treatment/outcome, not quite right.

8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: - "the act of distributing playing cards" - Not relevant.
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: - "the act of apportioning or distributing something" - Not quite right.

Comparing the two most plausible options, sense 2 better captures the meaning here. The phrase "reached deals" emphasizes negotiated agreements with defined terms and obligations between the companies and the ministry, rather than simply individual transactions. Sense 2's definition of "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" aligns with this interpretation.

The answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ministry
Target surface form: ministry
Context:
The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the <t>ministry</t>. Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent years, walked away empty-handed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ministry%1:14:01:: | definition=religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)
2. sense_key=ministry%1:06:00:: | definition=building where the business of a government department is transacted
3. sense_key=ministry%1:14:00:: | definition=a government department under the direction of a minister
4. sense_key=ministry%1:04:00:: | definition=the work of a minister of religion | examples=he is studying for the ministry

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "ministry" in this passage.

The context is about Iraq's oil industry and business dealings. The sentence in question is: "Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the <t>ministry</t>."

The passage also mentions "Iraqi Oil Ministry" later, which is clearly referring to a government department.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ministry%1:14:01:: | definition=religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)
   - This is clearly not relevant to the context of oil companies and Iraq's government

2. sense_key=ministry%1:06:00:: | definition=building where the business of a government department is transacted
   - This could refer to the physical building, but the context suggests the institution/department itself

3. sense_key=ministry%1:14:00:: | definition=a government department under the direction of a minister
   - This fits perfectly. The "ministry" here refers to the Oil Ministry, which is a government department

4. sense_key=ministry%1:04:00:: | definition=the work of a minister of religion
   - This is about religious work, not relevant to this context

The best fit is sense 3, which defines ministry as "a government department under the direction of a minister." This aligns with the context where oil companies reach deals with the ministry (the government department handling oil matters).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: u.s.
Target surface form: U.S.
Context:
Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry. Major <t>U.S.</t> firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent years, walked away empty-handed. Russian companies Lukoil and Gazprom were the top stakeholders in two of the contracts awarded this weekend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes "U.S. firms" and "American companies" operating in Iraq's oil industry. The phrase refers to companies from the United States as a nation-state, not specifically to branches of the federal government. This matches sense 2, which defines the United States as a country/republic, rather than sense 1, which defines U.S. as the government institutions.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "U.S." is being used.

Looking at the target sentence: "Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips..."

The context is discussing:
- U.S. companies and American companies
- The U.S. military
- U.S. firms operating in Iraq
- American oil companies

The two senses provided are:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: - "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States" - This refers to the U.S. government/federal government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: - "North American republic containing 50 states..." - This refers to the United States as a country/nation

In the phrase "Major U.S. firms," the "U.S." is functioning as an adjective meaning "of or relating to the United States (the country)" rather than "of or relating to the U.S. government." When we say "U.S. firms" or "U.S. companies," we're referring to companies that are American - that belong to or are from the United States as a nation, not specifically to the federal government.

Similarly, earlier in the passage "U.S. companies" and "American oil companies" are used interchangeably, further supporting that this refers to the country (sense 2) rather than the government (sense 1).

Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (the country/nation).

Wait, let me reconsider. The sense key format shows:
- u.s.%1:14:00:: - government
- us%1:15:00:: - country

The first one is labeled as "u.s." and the second as "us" - these might be different lemmas or variations. But given the context, "U.S. firms" clearly refers to firms from the United States as a country/nation, not firms related to the U.S. government specifically.
So the answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tie
Target surface form: ties
Context:
Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry. Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close <t>ties</t> with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent years, walked away empty-handed. Russian companies Lukoil and Gazprom were the top stakeholders in two of the contracts awarded this weekend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tie%1:06:01:: | definition=neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front | synonyms=necktie | examples=he stood in front of the mirror tightening his necktie; he wore a vest and tie
2. sense_key=tie%1:26:01:: | definition=a social or business relationship | synonyms=affiliation, association, tie-up | examples=a valuable financial affiliation; he was sorry he had to sever his ties with other members of the team
3. sense_key=tie%1:26:00:: | definition=equality of score in a contest
4. sense_key=tie%1:06:02:: | definition=a horizontal beam used to prevent two other structural members from spreading apart or separating | synonyms=tie beam | examples=he nailed the rafters together with a tie beam
5. sense_key=tie%1:06:04:: | definition=a fastener that serves to join or connect | synonyms=link, linkup, tie-in | examples=the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction
6. sense_key=tie%1:11:00:: | definition=the finish of a contest in which the score is tied and the winner is undecided | synonyms=draw, standoff | examples=the game ended in a draw; their record was 3 wins, 6 losses and a tie
7. sense_key=tie%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) a slur over two notes of the same pitch; indicates that the note is to be sustained for their combined time value
8. sense_key=tie%1:06:03:: | definition=one of the cross braces that support the rails on a railway track | synonyms=railroad tie, crosstie, sleeper | examples=the British call a railroad tie a sleeper
9. sense_key=tie%1:06:00:: | definition=a cord (or string or ribbon or wire etc.) with which something is tied | examples=he needed a tie for the packages

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "ties" in this context refers to business relationships between U.S. oil firms and the Iraqi Oil Ministry. The phrase "cultivated close ties" means they developed and maintained close business connections/relationships. This matches sense 2: "a social or business relationship" with the synonyms "affiliation, association, tie-up."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "ties" in this passage.

The context is about U.S. oil companies and their relationships with Iraqi oil companies and the Iraqi Oil Ministry. The sentence reads:

"Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent years, walked away empty-handed."

In this context, "ties" refers to relationships or connections between the U.S. firms and the Iraqi Oil Ministry. They have "cultivated close ties," meaning they have built and maintained close relationships.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Neckwear - Not relevant here
2. "a social or business relationship" with synonyms "affiliation, association, tie-up" - This matches perfectly! The passage talks about business relationships between oil companies.
3. Equality of score - Not relevant
4. Structural beam - Not relevant
5. A fastener that connects - Not relevant in this context
6. Finish of a contest/draw - Not relevant
7. Musical notation - Not relevant
8. Railroad ties - Not relevant
9. Cord or string - Not relevant

The best match is sense 2: "a social or business relationship" with the synonym "affiliation" which perfectly captures the meaning of "cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry" - meaning they built close business relationships.

So the answer is sense_index: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet. It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry. Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent <t>years</t>, walked away empty-handed. Russian companies Lukoil and Gazprom were the top stakeholders in two of the contracts awarded this weekend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "in recent years" refers to a span of calendar years (periods containing approximately 365 days each). The context discusses technical advice provided by U.S. firms over a period of time leading up to the contracts awarded that weekend, which is a straightforward temporal reference to standard calendar years, not a specialized activity period, student cohort, or planetary revolution.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "years" in the context: "Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent <t>years</t>, walked away empty-handed."

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
   - This is the standard calendar year definition

2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
   - This refers to a specific period within a calendar year

3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
   - This is about planetary orbits

4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High
   - This is about a cohort of students

In the context: "have provided technical advice in recent years" - this is referring to a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days. The phrase "recent years" is a common idiomatic expression referring to the past few calendar years.

The best fit is sense 1: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
It will be a long time before anything else will be on offer in Iraq. Concerns over security, underscored by massive coordinated bombings Tuesday, and political instability as the U.S. military withdraws, likely kept American oil companies from venturing more forcefully in Iraq, which has the world's third-largest proven crude reserves, analysts said. U.S. firms were in some cases at a disadvantage because rivals, particularly the Chinese and other government controlled energy firms, have markedly lower labor costs and are more prone to take risks because they don't respond to shareholders. Exxon-Mobil and Occidental Petroleum Inc. were the only American companies that reached deals with the ministry. Major U.S. firms such as Chevron and ConocoPhillips, which have cultivated close ties with the Iraqi Oil Ministry and have provided technical advice in recent years, walked away empty-handed. Russian <t>companies</t> Lukoil and Gazprom were the top stakeholders in two of the contracts awarded this weekend. State-owned China National Petroleum Corporation bid on more contracts than any other company and walked away with large stakes in contracts for two major fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "company" is being used with the word "companies".

Looking at the context: "Russian companies Lukoil and Gazprom were the top stakeholders..."

The context is clearly about:
- Oil companies (Exxon-Mobil, Occidental Petroleum, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Chinese energy firms, Russian Lukoil and Gazprom, China National Petroleum Corporation)
- These are business organizations conducting business in the oil/energy sector
- They are bidding for contracts, dealing with ministries, etc.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=company%1:14:01::** - "an institution created to conduct business" | examples: "he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage"
   - This clearly fits. The context discusses oil companies as business entities.

2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: - "small military unit; usually two or three platoons"
   - Not relevant. This is about military units, not businesses.

3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: - "the state of being with someone" | synonyms: companionship, fellowship, society
   - Not relevant. This is about social companionship.

4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: - "organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical)" | synonyms: troupe
   - Not relevant. This is about theater companies, not oil companies.

5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: - "a social or business visitor" | synonyms: caller
   - Not relevant. This doesn't fit the context.

The remaining senses—social gatherings, temporary associations, ship crews, and firefighting units—don't apply here. These are established, permanent business organizations operating in the energy sector, making sense_key=company%1:14:01:: the clear match.