[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "patients" in this context refers to people requiring medical care who are participating in clinical trials for the drug Alimta. The passage discusses medical outcomes for these individuals receiving treatment, which clearly aligns with the definition "a person who requires medical care" rather than the grammatical semantic role interpretation.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" (plural of "patient") in the context of a medical discussion about drug efficacy. Let me analyze both candidate senses:

1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly

This sense refers to patient as a noun meaning a person receiving medical treatment/care.

2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

This sense refers to patient as a grammatical/linguistic concept - the semantic role or thematic role in a sentence.

Looking at the context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived..."

The word "patients" here refers to actual people - medical subjects receiving treatment. They are people with a disease (mesothelioma, lung cancer, etc.) who are undergoing medical treatment. This is clearly the medical/healthcare sense of the word, not a grammatical semantic role.

The correct answer is sense 1: "a person who requires medical care"


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "past" in the phrase "in the past" refers to a previous time period—specifically, the time that has elapsed prior to the current study. The context is discussing whether patients had previously received chemotherapy. This matches sense 1 ("the time that has elapsed"), which captures the meaning of an earlier temporal period in general terms.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the target word "past" in the sentence:

"In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

The target word "past" is used to indicate a time period that has gone by - specifically referring to a previous time when patients may or may not have received chemotherapy.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" - This refers to time in general that has passed. Synonyms include "past times, yesteryear" and example "forget the past". This is about the general concept of time that has gone by.

2. Sense 2: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)" - This is about a personal history, often with some secrecy element. Example: "reporters dug into the candidate's past". This is more specific to personal history.

3. Sense 3: "a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past" - This is about grammar/linguistics, the past tense as a grammatical construction.

In the context "received chemotherapy in the past", the word "past" is being used to mean "earlier/previous time" - it refers to the time that has elapsed or gone by. It's not talking about a secret or hidden personal history, and it's not being used as a grammatical term.

This clearly matches sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" - it's referring to a previous time period when patients might have received chemotherapy.

The answer should be sense_index: 1

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "average" in this context refers to the statistical mean survival time (12.1 months, 8.3 months, 10.3 months, etc.). This matches sense 1, which explicitly defines "average" as "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" with the synonym "mean." The examples provided ("the average income in New England is below that of the nation") are directly parallel to the statistical reporting of survival times in the medical context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "average" in the sentence: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

Here, "average" is being used to describe a statistical measure - the mean survival time. The context is clearly medical/statistical data where they're reporting the mean survival time of patients.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 - "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" - This is about the statistical mean. Examples include "the average income in New England is below that of the nation" - very similar to the usage in the context.

2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 - "lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered" - This is about something being ordinary or typical in frequency. Not the right sense.

3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 - "lacking exceptional quality or ability" - This is about quality being mediocre. Not the right sense.

4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 - "around the middle of a scale of evaluation" - This is about being in the middle range. Not quite right.

5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 - "relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution" - This is about the mode, not the mean.

6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 - "relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values" - This is about the median.

In the context, "average survival time" clearly refers to the mean survival time - the statistical measure. This best matches sense 1, which explicitly defines it as "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" and has the synonym "mean".
The correct answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to survival as the state of remaining alive, measured in months for cancer patients receiving treatment. This matches sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive." The medical context discusses survival time as a duration metric for patient longevity after treatment, which is a direct application of the "remaining alive" definition.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "survival" in this medical text about Alimta and cancer treatment.

The sentence states: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

The context is clearly about cancer patients and the length of time they survive (remain alive) after treatment. The text repeatedly discusses "survival time" in months - this refers to how long patients remain alive.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
   - This matches perfectly. The context is about remaining alive after treatment, measured in months.

2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
   - This is about biological evolution and natural selection. This doesn't fit the medical context at all.

3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives
   - This is too vague and doesn't capture the meaning in context. The text is about a duration/period of remaining alive, not a physical object or thing that survives.

The correct answer is clearly sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" because the context is explicitly about how long patients remain alive (survival time measured in months).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 3}

The target word "time" appears in the phrase "average survival time was 10.3 months." In this medical context, "survival time" refers to an indefinite period marked by the specific activity and condition of patient survival following treatment. This matches sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - the period is marked by the survival characteristic and the duration of the post-treatment period. This sense is more appropriate than others like "a reading of a point in time" (which would be a specific clock time) or "an instance or single occasion" (which wouldn't fit a duration measurement).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "time" appears in the sentence:

"In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 10.3 months in both groups."

The context is discussing survival time measurements in a medical study. The phrase "average survival time" refers to a measured period or duration - specifically how long patients survived after treatment.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "an instance or single occasion for some event" - Not a fit. This is talking about duration, not a single occasion.
2. "a period of time considered as a resource under your control" - Not really. This is about available time to do something.
3. "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - This could fit, but it says "indefinite" and the context has specific measurements (10.3 months).
4. "a suitable moment" - Not a fit.
5. "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past" - Too abstract/philosophical.
6. "a person's experience on a particular occasion" - Not a fit.
7. "a reading of a point in time as given by a clock" - Not a fit. This is about specific moments in time.
8. "the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event" - Could fit in a physics sense, but not the most natural.
9. "rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration" - Not a fit.
10. "the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned" - Not a fit.

Looking more carefully:
- Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" with example "he waited a long time" - This is about a duration/period marked by certain characteristics. The "survival time" is a period marked by survival activity.
- Sense 5: The continuum concept - too abstract.
- Sense 8 is too technical for this context.

Sense 3 best captures what's happening here. It describes a duration marked by specific characteristics—in this case, the period during which patients survived following cancer treatment. The measurements given (10.3 months) don't contradict the sense; "indefinite" refers to the lack of precise boundaries rather than complete uncertainty about the duration itself.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 <t>months</t> in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context uses "months" to measure survival time durations (e.g., "12.1 months," "9.3 months," "10.3 months"). This is a quantifiable time unit of approximately 30 days, not a reference to specific calendar divisions. This matches sense 2.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "month" is being used.

The target word is "months" (plural of month) in the sentence: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

Looking at the two candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

In the medical context provided, "months" is being used to measure survival time durations. The context shows:
- "12.1 months" survival time
- "9.3 months" survival time
- "8.3 months" with Alimta
- "7.9 months" with docetaxel
- "10.3 months" in both groups

This is clearly a time duration measurement, not referring to specific calendar months (like "January, February" etc.). When we say patients survived for "12.1 months," we're measuring approximately 12.1 thirty-day periods as a unit of time.

Sense 1 refers to "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" - this would be used when referring to specific months like "last month" or "in January."

Sense 2 refers to "a time unit of approximately 30 days" - this is what's being used here where months are units to measure survival duration.

The answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: groups
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "groups" in this medical context refers to cohorts of patients being compared in clinical trials. This matches sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit." The passage discusses patients divided into different treatment groups, which is a standard usage of "group" to denote collections of people treated as single units for comparison purposes. Senses 2 and 3 (chemistry and mathematics) are not applicable to this clinical trial context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "groups" is being used.

The context is discussing clinical trial results for the drug Alimta. It compares survival times between different patient groups - specifically, "patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past" are compared as two different groups receiving different treatments.

Looking at the three candidate senses:
1. "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" - This is a general sense referring to a collection of people or things treated as one unit.
2. "(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule" - This is a chemistry-specific sense about chemical structures.
3. "a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse" - This is a mathematical sense (group theory).

In the context of the passage, "groups" refers to sets of patients - one group receiving Alimta and another group receiving a comparator drug. These are collections of people being considered as units for comparison purposes.

This clearly matches sense 1 - "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" - which is the most general and common usage of "group" when referring to patient populations in medical studies.

Senses 2 and 3 are clearly not appropriate here - there's no chemistry or mathematics involved in this context.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: However
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. <t>However</t>, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "However" is used to introduce a contrasting point. The previous sentences establish that Alimta had minimal or comparable effectiveness to other treatments in various patient groups. The "However" then signals a shift to present a contrasting finding: patients with non-squamous cell cancer had better survival with Alimta. This is a clear use of "by contrast; on the other hand" rather than the other senses, which deal with concession (sense 1), degree/extent (sense 3), or manner (sense 4).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "however" is being used.

The sentence is: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

Looking at the context, the previous sentences discuss the effectiveness of Alimta in treating various conditions. The paragraph mentions some cases where Alimta was "as effective as comparators" and gives survival time comparisons.

Then "However" introduces a contrasting point - it introduces information that contrasts with what was previously stated. The text establishes that in many cases, Alimta had minimal or no advantage over comparators, but "However" signals a shift to say that in a specific subset of patients (those whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells), Alimta was indeed more effective.

This is clearly a contrast marker, showing opposition to what was previously stated.

Let me check the definitions:
1. "despite anything to the contrary" - This is about concession followed by a contrasting statement
2. "by contrast; on the other hand" - This directly describes a contrasting relationship
3. "to whatever degree or extent" - This is about degree/extent
4. "in whatever way or manner" - This is about manner

The usage here is clearly introducing a contrast to the previous information. The word "However" is being used to signal "on the other hand" or "by contrast" - showing that despite the previous statements about minimal differences, there is this contrasting case.

Sense 2 seems to be the best fit: "by contrast; on the other hand" - this directly describes the contrastive function of "however" in the context.

Actually, sense 1 could also work since it says "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" - the previous sentences do establish a kind of concession (Alimta was as effective or slightly better), and then "However" introduces the contrary point.

But sense 2 is more direct and precise. The main function of "however" here is to signal a contrast, not really to contradict a concession in the formal logical sense.
Sense 2 is the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The word "studies" in this context refers to clinical research trials/reports that present findings about patient survival rates with different cancer treatments. This matches sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group," as evidenced by the example "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" and the synonym "report." The passage is discussing the results and findings from multiple clinical research studies, not the act of studying something or a branch of knowledge.

reasoning_content:
Looking at the context, the word "studies" appears in: "However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells..."

This is clearly referring to clinical research studies or trials. The context discusses the findings of clinical trials comparing different cancer treatments. The passage presents data and results from what are clearly research studies.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "a detailed critical inspection" - survey - Not quite right
2. "applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject" - This is about the act of studying something
3. "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" - report, written report - This fits! The passage is discussing clinical research studies/reports
4. "a state of deep mental absorption" - No
5. "a room used for reading and writing and studying" - No
6. "a branch of knowledge" - No
7. "preliminary drawing for later elaboration" - sketch - No
8. "attentive consideration and meditation" - No
9. "someone who memorizes quickly and easily" - No
10. "a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique" - No

The best fit is sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" with the example "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". This sense directly refers to research studies/reports that present findings, which is exactly what the clinical studies mentioned in the context are.

So the answer is sense index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "patients" in this medical context refers to actual people receiving treatment for mesothelioma and lung cancer. This matches sense 1, which defines a patient as "a person who requires medical care." The context describes real individuals enrolled in clinical studies with specific medical conditions and treatment outcomes, which is the standard usage of the word in medical discourse.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the two candidate senses for "patients" in the given sentence.

The context is about a medical study discussing the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer receiving different treatments. The sentence in question is: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1 (patient%1:18:00::): "a person who requires medical care" - This is the typical usage of "patient" to refer to a person receiving medical treatment. The example given is "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly."

2. Sense 2 (patient%1:10:00::): "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" - This is a linguistic/grammatical sense referring to the patient role in a clause.

In the context provided, "patients" clearly refers to actual people who are receiving medical treatment for mesothelioma and lung cancer. The text is discussing real individuals enrolled in medical studies and their survival outcomes. This is a straightforward medical context where "patients" means actual persons requiring medical care.

The second sense is a grammatical/linguistic term used in describing the semantic role of arguments in a clause. That's not what's being used here.

Therefore, the best sense is Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care"

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "cancer" to determine which sense is intended.

The context discusses:
- Alimta increasing survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
- Treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
- Discussion about patients whose "cancer" was affecting or not affecting squamous cells
- Discussion about average survival times with different treatments

This is clearly a medical/clinical context discussing malignant tumors and cancer treatment.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
   - This is clearly the medical sense referring to a malignant disease/tumor

2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
   - This is astrology-related, about a zodiac sign birth

3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
   - This is about a constellation

4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
   - This is about a zodiac sign

5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
   - This is about a genus of crabs

Given the medical context discussing malignant tumors, patients, survival times, chemotherapy, and malignant pleural mesothelioma, the only appropriate sense is sense 1: the medical definition of cancer as a malignant growth or tumor.
The answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes cancer "affecting squamous cells" in a medical/biological setting. This refers to the cancer acting physically upon or having a direct physical/biological effect on the cells, which matches sense 2 ("act physically on; have an effect upon"). The example provided for sense 2 ("the medicine affects my heart rate") is analogous to the medical context here where a disease/treatment affects biological systems.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully:

"However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The target word is "affecting" and we need to determine which sense is being used.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. have an effect upon - general sense (synonyms: impact, bear upon, etc.)
2. act physically on; have an effect upon - physical effect (example: medicine affects heart rate)
3. connect closely and often incriminatingly - involve/regard
4. make believe with the intent to deceive - feign/sham
5. have an emotional or cognitive impact upon - emotional/cognitive impact

In the medical context, "cancer was affecting squamous cells" clearly means the cancer is having a physical effect on or impacting squamous cells. The cancer is physically affecting (acting upon) the squamous cells.

This is in a medical/scientific context discussing cancer's impact on cells. The meaning is about the physical relationship between the cancer and the cell type.

Sense 2 seems most appropriate: "act physically on; have an effect upon" with the example "the medicine affects my heart rate" - this is about physical/biological effects, which matches "cancer affecting squamous cells."

Sense 1 (general effect) is also close, but sense 2 is more specific to the physical/biological nature of the context.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1 is general: "have an effect upon"
- Sense 2 is more specific: "act physically on; have an effect upon"

In the context of cancer affecting squamous cells, sense 2 seems most appropriate as it's about physical action/biological effect.
Sense 2 captures the biological mechanism at work here—the cancer's direct physical impact on the cells.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: longer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified | examples=a long life; a long boring speech
2. sense_key=long%3:00:01:: | definition=primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified | examples=a long road; a long distance
3. sense_key=long%5:00:00:tall:00 | definition=of relatively great height; - Sherwood Anderson | examples=a race of long gaunt men; looked out the long French windows
4. sense_key=long%3:00:00:: | definition=good at remembering | synonyms=retentive, recollective, tenacious | examples=a retentive mind; tenacious memory
5. sense_key=long%3:00:05:: | definition=holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices | examples=is long on coffee; a long position in gold
6. sense_key=long%3:00:04:: | definition=(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `bate', `beat', `bite', `boat', `boot' are long
7. sense_key=long%5:00:00:unsound:00 | definition=involving substantial risk | examples=long odds
8. sense_key=long%5:00:00:provident:00 | definition=planning prudently for the future | synonyms=farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, longsighted | examples=large goals that required farsighted policies; took a long view of the geopolitical issues
9. sense_key=long%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=having or being more than normal or necessary: | examples=long on brains; in long supply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "longer" in this context modifies "survival times," referring to the duration of time that patients lived. This is clearly a temporal usage comparing the passage of time between two groups of patients. Sense 1 ("primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time") is the most appropriate, directly paralleling the example "a long life" in describing extended survival duration.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine which sense of "longer" best fits.

The sentence is: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

In this context, "longer" is being used to modify "survival times." The key phrase is "longer survival times" - we're comparing the duration of survival, not the physical size or height of something.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified" - This is about temporal duration. The example "a long life" is directly relevant. "Survival times" are clearly temporal/duration-based.

2. "primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension" - This is about physical space, which doesn't apply here.

3. "of relatively great height" - This is about height, not applicable.

4. "good at remembering" - Not relevant.

5. "holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices" - Financial term, not relevant.

6. "(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration" - About phonological duration, not relevant.

7. "involving substantial risk" - Not relevant.

8. "planning prudently for the future" - Not relevant.

9. "having or being more than normal or necessary" - Could potentially apply, but less precise than sense 1.

The context clearly indicates we're talking about the duration/passage of time for survival. Sense 1 is the best fit because it's "primarily temporal sense" and deals with "relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time." The example "a long life" is particularly apt - we're talking about how long patients lived (survival times).

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "survival" in the context of "survival times" refers to the state of remaining alive. The passage discusses how long patients remain alive after receiving different cancer treatments, measuring the duration of their continued living. This matches sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "survival" is being used.

The context is about medical treatment outcomes - specifically discussing how long patients survive with different medications for cancer. The target phrase is "survival times" referring to how long patients live after treatment.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "survival%1:26:00::" - "a state of surviving; remaining alive" with synonym "endurance"
   - This refers to the actual state of continuing to live

2. "survival%1:22:00::" - "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment" with synonyms "survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection"
   - This refers to the biological/evolutionary concept

3. "survival%1:04:00::" - "something that survives"
   - This could be an object or entity that survives

In the medical context, "survival time" refers to how long patients remain alive (the duration of their survival/remaining alive). The passage is discussing the length of time patients survived - it's measuring the state of remaining alive over time.

This clearly matches sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive". The context is about patients' survival times - the duration they remain alive after treatment. This is not about natural selection (sense 2) or about objects that survive (sense 3).

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The target word "times" in the phrase "longer survival times" refers to periods or durations of time marked by the specific attribute of survival. This matches sense 3, which defines time as "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - in this case, the period during which patients survived is marked by the attribute of being alive after treatment.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "times" in the sentence:

"However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

The sentence is talking about survival times - the duration or period of time that patients survived. Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: - "an instance or single occasion for some event" - This is about individual occasions/instances. Not quite right.

2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: - "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" - This is about time as a resource you control. Not right.

3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: - "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - This is about a period of time marked by specific attributes. This could fit - "survival times" refers to periods of survival.

4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: - "a suitable moment" - Not right.

5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: - "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past" - Too abstract.

6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: - "a person's experience on a particular occasion" - Not right.

7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: - "a reading of a point in time as given by a clock" - Not right.

8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: - "the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event" - Too technical/physical.
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: - "rhythm as division into equal parts" - Doesn't apply here. 10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: - "the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned" - Specific to incarceration, not relevant.

Sense 3 is the strongest match since "survival times" describes the durations patients lived, which fits the definition of indefinite periods characterized by particular attributes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contrast
Target surface form: contrast
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "contrast" in the phrase "In contrast" is used to show the opposition or dissimilarity between two compared situations: patients with non-squamous cell cancer having longer survival times with Alimta versus patients with squamous cell cancer having shorter survival times with Alimta. Sense 1 directly matches this usage, defining contrast as "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared" with the exact example phrase "in contrast to; by contrast."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "contrast".

The context sentence is: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The word "in contrast" is being used here to show opposition or dissimilarity between two situations:
1. Patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times with Alimta
2. Patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times with Alimta

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. **contrast%1:24:00::** - "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared" with synonyms "direct contrast" and examples "in contrast to; by contrast". This seems to match - the phrase "in contrast" is explicitly mentioned as an example, and the definition talks about opposition/dissimilarity between compared things.

2. **contrast%1:04:00::** - "the act of distinguishing by comparing differences" - This would be about the action of comparing.

3. **contrast%1:09:01::** - "a conceptual separation or distinction" - This is about separation/distinction.

4. **contrast%1:09:00::** - "the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors" - This is about visual/color contrast.

5. **contrast%1:07:00::** - "the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print" - This is about photographic/technical contrast.

The phrase "in contrast" is clearly marked in the context, and it's being used to show the opposition between two scenarios. Sense 1 directly addresses this - it's about "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared" and even includes the example "in contrast to; by contrast".

Sense 1 is the right choice here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "patients" in this clinical/medical context clearly refers to actual people receiving medical treatment for cancer. This matches sense 1 ("a person who requires medical care"), which is the standard usage in medical discourse. Sense 2 is a linguistic/grammatical term describing a semantic role in syntax, which is not the intended meaning here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "patient" is being used.

The target word is "patients" in the context: "In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: - "a person who requires medical care" with example "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly"
   - This is the noun sense referring to an actual person undergoing medical treatment

2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: - "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause"
   - This is a linguistic/grammatical sense related to semantic roles (patient role in grammar/linguistics)

In the given context, "patients" is clearly referring to actual people receiving medical treatment. The text is discussing clinical trial results where people with cancer receive chemotherapy. The word is used in a straightforward way to denote human beings who are receiving medical care.

The second sense is a linguistic/grammatical term used in linguistics courses or semantic analysis, not about actual medical patients.

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1: patient%1:18:00::, which refers to "a person who requires medical care."

The sense index would be 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to cancer as a medical condition. The passage discusses chemotherapy treatments, survival times, and cancer affecting cell types (squamous cells), which all align with sense 1's definition of a malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal cell division. The other senses refer to zodiacal/astrological concepts or a genus of crustaceans, which are entirely irrelevant to this clinical treatment scenario.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "cancer" in this passage.

The passage is discussing medical treatment outcomes for cancer patients, specifically non-small cell lung cancer. The context mentions:
- Treatment with chemotherapy drugs (Alimta, cisplatin, docetaxel)
- Survival times for cancer patients
- Cancer "affecting squamous cells"
- Comparing patient outcomes with different treatments

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - This is the medical/pathological sense
2. A person born while the sun is in Cancer (astrology)
3. A small zodiacal constellation
4. The fourth sign of the zodiac
5. Type genus of the family Cancridae (genus Cancer - crustacean)

Given the context is clearly about medical treatment, survival rates, chemotherapy, and malignant tumors affecting cells (specifically squamous cells), the target sense is clearly the medical definition referring to a malignant tumor/disease.

That would be sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"

The answer should be sense_index: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes cancer that is impacting or having an effect upon squamous cells. The phrase "cancer was affecting squamous cells" uses "affecting" in the basic sense of "have an effect upon" (sense 1), which matches the general medical/biological meaning where the disease impacts specific cell types. This is the core sense of the verb, as shown by the synonym "impact" and the straightforward example "Will the new rules affect me?"

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "affecting" is used:

"However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The word "affecting" is used to describe cancer that involves or impacts squamous cells. In medical context, when we say a cancer is "affecting" certain cells, we mean the cancer is impacting those cells or involving them.

Let me consider each sense:

1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: "have an effect upon" - synonyms: impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch. Example: "Will the new rules affect me?"

2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: "act physically on; have an effect upon" - Example: "the medicine affects my heart rate"

3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" - synonyms: involve, regard. Example: "This new ruling affects your business"

4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: "make believe with the intent to deceive" - This is clearly not the right sense

5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: "have an emotional or cognitive impact upon" - This is about emotional/cognitive impact

In the medical context, "cancer affecting squamous cells" means the cancer impacts or involves those cells. The most appropriate sense would be either sense 1, 2, or 3.

Sense 1 (affect%2:30:00:: - "have an effect upon") is the most general and basic sense for this usage.

Sense 2 (affect%2:29:00:: - "act physically on; have an effect upon") also fits well in a medical context.
Sense 3 includes "involve" which aligns with the usage here. Between these options, sense 2 seems most fitting given the physical/medical nature of cancer impacting cells, similar to how medicine affects heart rate. Though sense 1 works as the straightforward general meaning of having an effect, sense 2 is more precise for this biological context where cancer is physically acting upon squamous cells.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The word "shorter" in the phrase "shorter survival times" refers to a temporal duration. The text is comparing the length of time patients survive with different treatments, making this a temporal comparison where "shorter" means limited in duration. This directly matches sense 1, which describes the "primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration" with examples like "a short life."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "shorter" in this medical text about cancer treatment.

The sentence is: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

Here, "shorter" is being used to describe survival times - comparing how long patients survive. The text is comparing:
- "longer survival times" (earlier in the passage)
- "shorter survival times" (in this sentence)

So we're dealing with a temporal/duration comparison. The key is that we're comparing periods of time (survival duration in months).

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration" - This is about duration/temporal length. Examples: "a short life; a short flight"
2. "having little length or lacking in length" - This is spatial sense. Examples: "short skirts; short hair"
3. "low in stature; not tall" - This is about physical height
4. "not sufficient to meet a need" - This is about insufficiency
5. "deficient in retentiveness or range" - This is about memory
6. "not holding securities or commodities" - This is about financial/trading
7. "of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration" - This is about phonetics
8. "less than the correct or legal or full amount" - This is about quantity
9. "lacking foresight or scope" - This is about shortsightedness
10. "tending to crumble or break into flakes" - This is about texture
11. "marked by rude or peremptory shortness" - This is about manner/rudeness

In the context "shorter survival times," we're comparing periods of time. Someone with a "shorter" survival time has less time to survive. This is clearly sense 1, which is the "primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration."
The answer is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to "survival time" as the duration patients remained alive after treatment. The passage measures and compares how long patients survived (remained alive) after receiving different cancer treatments. This directly aligns with sense 1's definition "a state of surviving; remaining alive," which captures the temporal measure of patients' continued existence. Sense 2 (natural selection/evolution) and sense 3 (surviving objects) are not relevant to this medical context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for "survival" in the given medical text.

The context is about clinical trial results for lung cancer treatment. The passage discusses "survival times" - specifically, how long patients survived after receiving different treatments. For example:
- "patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months"
- "the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta"
- "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta"

Now let me look at the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
   - This refers to the state or act of remaining alive, continuing to exist

2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
   - This is about evolutionary biology and natural selection, which is not relevant here

3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives
   - This could refer to an artifact or object that survives, which is not relevant

In the medical context, "survival time" refers to how long patients remain alive after treatment begins. The passage is measuring and comparing the duration that patients survived - the length of their continued existence/life after receiving treatment.

This clearly matches sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" - because we're talking about the measurable period of time during which patients remained alive after treatment.

Sense 2 is about evolutionary biology and natural selection, which is irrelevant.

Sense 3 is about something that survives (like an artifact), which is not relevant.
The correct sense is sense 1, as it directly captures the medical meaning of how long patients remained alive following their treatment.