[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "treatment" in this passage.

The passage is about Cerenia, a veterinary medicine used to treat vomiting in dogs. The sentence in question is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down."

Here, "treatment" refers to the medical care or management provided to a vomiting dog. The context clearly indicates this is about medical intervention to help relieve the vomiting condition.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: - "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" - This is about medical care and intervention. This fits perfectly with the context about treating a vomiting dog with medicine (Cerenia).

2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: - "the management of someone or something" - This is more general management, like handling of prisoners or water sewage. While this could fit, it's less specific.

3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: - "a manner of dealing with something artistically" - This is clearly not appropriate for medical context.

4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: - "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic" - This is about discussion or discourse, not medical care.

The best fit is sense 1, which explicitly mentions "medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury." This perfectly matches the context of treating a vomiting dog with an injection of Cerenia.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dog
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting <t>dog</t> should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to a domesticated animal used in veterinary medicine studies. The passage discusses Cerenia's effectiveness in treating vomiting in dogs, administering tablets and injections to dogs, and references to "laboratory dogs" and "animal patients." This unambiguously indicates the sense of "dog" as a member of the genus Canis that has been domesticated by humans.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "dog" in the context: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down..."

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about Cerenia, a veterinary medicine used to treat vomiting in animals
- It discusses studies with "laboratory dogs" and "animal patients"
- The specific sentence talks about "a vomiting dog" needing treatment with injections
- It mentions "vomiting animals" and administering tablets to "the dog"
- The entire context is clearly about the domesticated animal, the dog (Canis familiaris)

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: - "a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds" - This is clearly the right sense. The context is about a domesticated dog used in veterinary medicine studies.

2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: - "a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman" - This is slang and doesn't fit the context at all.

3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: - "informal term for a man" - This is also informal slang and doesn't fit the veterinary context.

4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: - "someone who is morally reprehensible" - This is also slang and doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: - "a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked" - This is a hot dog/frankfurter, which doesn't fit the veterinary context.
The remaining senses—mechanical devices like ratchet catches and fireplace supports—are clearly inapplicable to a veterinary treatment scenario. The domesticated animal sense is the only interpretation that aligns with the medical context about treating vomiting in animals.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be <t>started</t> with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes initiating medical treatment for a vomiting dog with an injection. "Started" here means "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - specifically, beginning the treatment protocol. This sense emphasizes the initiation of an action (treating the dog), which fits perfectly with the medical instruction in the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down"

The word "started" here means to begin the treatment. It's about initiating a medical treatment.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - This could work, it means to begin an action
2. "set in motion, cause to start" - This could work too, it means to cause something to begin
3. "leave" - Doesn't fit
4. "have a beginning" - Not quite right, the dog treatment isn't having a beginning itself
5. "bring into being" - Not quite right
6. "get off the ground" - Not quite right
7. "move or jump suddenly" - Doesn't fit
8. "get going or set in motion" (regarding machines/engines) - Could fit but more specific to engines
9. "begin or set in motion" - This seems good, general meaning
10. "begin work or acting in a certain capacity" - Not quite right
11. "play in the starting lineup" - Doesn't fit
12. "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - Not quite right
13. "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object" - This could fit! It's about beginning treatment
14. "bulge outward" - Doesn't fit

Between 1, 2, 9, and 13:
- Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - This is very general
- Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start" - This is about causing something to start
- Sense 9: "begin or set in motion" - This is general and encompasses both
- Sense 13: "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object" - This is specific to events like beginning a meal or treatment

Looking at sense 13's examples: "begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot" - these are similar in that they're about beginning an action related to the direct object. Treatment is similar - you "start" treatment. I think sense 1 or sense 13 are the best fits. Sense 1 is more general and straightforward, while sense 13 is more specific to the type of action implied by the object itself.

Sense 1 seems like the strongest match—it captures the idea of taking the first step in carrying out an action, which is exactly what "starting treatment" means.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the <t>injection</t>, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly refers to administering medication to dogs through a medical procedure using a syringe, contrasting this method with tablets that vomiting animals cannot retain. Sense 3 specifically defines injection as "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe," which perfectly matches this veterinary medical administration scenario. The synonym "shot" also aligns with the colloquial medical usage in the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for "injection" in this passage.

The context is about Cerenia, a medication for treating vomiting in dogs. The relevant sentence is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down."

This is clearly referring to administering Cerenia via injection as opposed to tablets. The injection here is a medical/veterinary procedure where a substance (the medicine) is inserted into the body.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
   - This is the general/physical sense of injection - the action of inserting something under pressure

2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
   - This refers to the substance being injected (the solution itself)

3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot
   - This is specifically about the act/procedure of injecting a liquid into the body using a syringe

In the context, "the treatment... should be started with the injection" - this is referring to starting treatment with an injection (the procedure/method). Given the veterinary context and the mention that vomiting animals might not keep tablets down, it's clear this is about the medical procedure of administering medicine via injection.

Sense 3 seems most specific and appropriate - it's about the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe, which matches the veterinary medical context perfectly. The synonym "shot" also fits the casual way this might be discussed.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 is very general.

The most fitting sense is the one specifically describing the procedure of administering liquid medication through a syringe, which aligns with how veterinary treatment would be delivered in this scenario. The example of a flu shot reinforces this interpretation.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: able
Target surface form: able
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be <t>able</t> to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=able%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim; she was able to program her computer
2. sense_key=able%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=capable | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
3. sense_key=able%5:00:00:capable:00 | definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet
4. sense_key=able%5:00:00:fit:01 | definition=having a strong healthy body | synonyms=able-bodied | examples=an able seaman; every able-bodied young man served in the army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes vomiting animals lacking the physical capacity or ability to retain a tablet. Sense 3, "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity," best captures this meaning, as the sentence indicates the animals' physical condition prevents them from keeping the tablet down. This aligns with the emphasis on inherent physical capability rather than general capacity (sense 1) or professional competence (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "able" in this sentence:

"The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)."

The sentence is discussing the difficulty vomiting animals would have in keeping a tablet down. The phrase "not be able to keep a tablet down" means they lack the capacity or capability to retain the tablet.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "able%3:00:00::" - "(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something" with examples "able to swim; she was able to program her computer". This is the most general sense of "able to do something" - having the capacity or means.

2. "able%5:00:00:competent:00" - "have the skills and qualifications to do things well" with synonyms "capable" and examples "able teachers; a capable administrator". This focuses on professional competence or expertise.

3. "able%5:00:00:capable:00" - "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity" with examples "able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet". This focuses on inherent physical or mental capacity.

4. "able%5:00:00:fit:01" - "having a strong healthy body" with synonyms "able-bodied". This focuses on physical fitness/health.

In the context "vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down," the sentence is saying the animals lack the physical ability/capacity to retain the tablet because of their vomiting condition. This is about an inherent physical condition preventing them from retaining something.

Sense 3 seems most appropriate as it refers to "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity" - the animals lack the physical capacity to keep the tablet down due to their vomiting.

Actually, sense 1 is also very general and could fit - it's about having the necessary means or capacity to do something.

Given the physical nature of the problem—a vomiting animal's inability to retain medication—sense 3 about inherent physical ability is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a <t>tablet</t> down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context clearly indicates a medicinal tablet. The passage discusses Cerenia (a medicine for treating vomiting in dogs) and states that "vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)." This refers to a dose of medicine in pill form, which matches sense 4: "a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "tablet" is being used.

The context is about Cerenia, a medicine for dogs with vomiting. The sentence states: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)."

This is clearly referring to a medicinal tablet - a dose of medicine in pill form. The fact that the animal might "throw the intact tablet up again" indicates it's a solid, ingestible form of medicine.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: - a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription (e.g., stone tablet) - NOT this one

2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: - a number of sheets of paper fastened together (pad of paper) - NOT this one

3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: - a small flat compressed cake of some substance (example: tablet of soap) - This could work, but it's more about non-medicinal solid substances

4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: - a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet (synonyms: pill, lozenge, tab) - This is clearly the correct one

The context explicitly mentions this is a medicine (Cerenia), and it's talking about whether the animal can keep it down or throw it up. This is unmistakably referring to a medicinal tablet/pill.

The answer is sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: intact
Target surface form: intact
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the <t>intact</t> tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:whole:00 | definition=constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; - Bacon | synonyms=integral, entire | examples=a local motion keepeth bodies integral; was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime
2. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=(of a woman) having the hymen unbroken | synonyms=inviolate | examples=she was intact, virginal
3. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uncastrated:00 | definition=(used of domestic animals) sexually competent | synonyms=entire | examples=an entire horse
4. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:undamaged:00 | definition=undamaged in any way | examples=the vase remained intact despit rough handling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word "intact" appears in this passage about a vomiting dog being treated with a tablet:

"The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the <t>intact</t> tablet up again)."

The context indicates that the tablet could be thrown up in its intact form - meaning it hasn't been broken down or damaged by the dog's digestive system. This suggests the tablet hasn't been damaged or broken apart.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" - This means whole, complete, not damaged. This seems to fit the context where the tablet is whole/unbroken.

2. "(of a woman) having the hymen unbroken" - This is about virginity, clearly not relevant to a tablet.

3. "(used of domestic animals) sexually competent" - This is about animals being uncastrated, clearly not relevant.

4. "undamaged in any way" - This also fits the context where the tablet would be thrown up undamaged/unbroken.

Between senses 1 and 4, both could work. Sense 1 talks about "lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" which emphasizes the wholeness/completeness and lack of damage. Sense 4 is more specifically about being "undamaged in any way."

In the context of the tablet being thrown up, the key idea is that it hasn't been broken down or damaged - it remains whole. Sense 1 emphasizes "lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" which seems to capture this better than sense 4. However, sense 4's definition "undamaged in any way" is also very direct.

Actually, looking more carefully: a tablet that is thrown up intact means it hasn't been broken down - it's still in one piece.

The most fitting sense here is sense 1 because it captures both the completeness aspect ("undiminished entirety") and the lack of damage, which directly applies to a tablet that's been vomited up without being broken down or dissolved.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact <t>tablet</t> up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 4}

The context clearly refers to a pharmaceutical form of medicine given to a dog. The passage mentions tablets in the context of administering medicine, contrasting them with injections, and noting that vomiting dogs might not be able to keep them down. This directly corresponds to sense 4: "a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet," which is the medical/pharmaceutical meaning with synonyms like "pill" and "tab."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "tablet" is being used.

The context is about a dog with vomiting and receiving medicine (Cerenia). The passage states:

"The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)."

And then: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

This is clearly referring to a pharmaceutical form of medicine - a tablet as a dose of medicine. The context mentions:
1. Medicine being given to dogs
2. Tablets being something that could be thrown up (intact)
3. Being administered to treat/follow-up on a medical condition
4. Contrasting with an injection form of the same medicine

Let me check the candidate senses:
1. "a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription" - This is about stone/wood tablets for inscriptions. Not applicable here.
2. "a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge" - This is a pad of paper. Not applicable.
3. "a small flat compressed cake of some substance" - Examples given are "a tablet of soap". This could apply to medicine, but it's more general.
4. "a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet" - This is explicitly about medicine as a dose. Synonyms include "pill, lozenge, tab". This is the most specific and directly matches the context.

The context is clearly about a pharmaceutical tablet - a dose of medicine. Sense 4 is the best fit because it specifically refers to "a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet" and includes synonyms like "pill" which are clearly medicinal forms.

The answer is sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow-up
Target surface form: follow-up
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For <t>follow-up</t> treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow-up%1:06:00:: | definition=a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work | examples=his new software is a follow-up to the programs they started with
2. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:01:: | definition=an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done
3. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:00:: | definition=a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment | synonyms=reexamination, review

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes a medical/veterinary treatment sequence where initial injection treatment is followed by tablet administration for continued management of vomiting. The phrase "follow-up treatment" refers to an activity (administering tablets) that continues the treatment that was already begun (with the injection). This matches sense 2, which defines follow-up as "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "follow-up" is being used.

The context is about the treatment of vomiting in dogs with Cerenia. It states:
"The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

This is describing a medical/veterinary scenario where:
1. First, there's an initial injection treatment
2. Then, for "follow-up treatment", tablets are administered

Now let's look at the three candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work" - This is about creative/intellectual work building on previous work. The example is about software. This doesn't fit the medical context.

2. Sense 2: "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done" - This is about continuing or repeating an activity. This could fit - the tablet treatment continues the treatment that was begun with the injection.

3. Sense 3: "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment" with synonyms "reexamination, review" - This is specifically medical/clinical terminology about examining a patient after treatment.

The context is clearly medical/veterinary. The "follow-up treatment" refers to the continuation of treatment after the initial injection, specifically using tablets.

Between sense 2 and 3: Sense 3 is specifically about examination/monitoring of a patient, while sense 2 is about continuing an activity. In this context, "follow-up treatment" is the continuation of treatment (not an examination). However, "follow-up" in medical contexts often refers to subsequent care/treatment that follows initial treatment.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 3: it says "for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment" - that's about examination/monitoring.

The context here focuses on administering tablets as a continuation of treatment rather than examining or monitoring the patient. Sense 2 fits better—the tablet administration is an activity that continues the treatment begun with the injection, making sense 2 the appropriate answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up <t>treatment</t>, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to medical/veterinary care and procedures intended to relieve vomiting in dogs. The passage discusses injections, tablets, and supportive veterinary therapy as forms of treatment. This aligns with sense 1, which defines treatment as "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)." The synonym "intervention" also fits the medical context of addressing vomiting.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "treatment" in this passage about Cerenia, a veterinary medicine.

The context discusses:
- Studies about Cerenia's effectiveness
- Results showing Cerenia is more effective than placebo in reducing vomiting
- The mention of "treatment or in the prevention of vomiting"
- "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection"
- "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer tablets"
- "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy"

The word "treatment" in all these instances refers to medical care or therapeutic intervention for the vomiting condition in dogs.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: - "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" - This seems highly relevant. The context is about medical/veterinary care to relieve vomiting.

2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: - "the management of someone or something" with examples of handling prisoners or treating water sewage - This could work but seems more about general management rather than medical care.

3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: - "a manner of dealing with something artistically" - Not applicable here; this is not about artistic treatment.

4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: - "an extended communication dealing with some particular topic" - Not applicable; this is not about a discussion or discourse.

The most appropriate sense is clearly sense 1 (treatment%1:04:00::), which specifically refers to medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness or injury. The context is explicitly about medical/veterinary treatment for vomiting in dogs.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: owner
Target surface form: owner
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal <t>owner</t> can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=owner%1:18:00:: | definition=(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business | synonyms=proprietor | examples=he is the owner of a chain of restaurants
2. sense_key=owner%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who owns something | synonyms=possessor | examples=they are searching for the owner of the car; who is the owner of that friendly smile?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context refers to a person who owns a pet dog - someone who has possession of an animal. This matches sense 2, which defines an owner as "a person who owns something" with the general meaning of possessor. Sense 1 is specifically about owning a business (proprietor), which doesn't apply here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "owner" is being used.

The target word is "owner" in the phrase "the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=owner%1:18:00:: - "(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business" with synonyms "proprietor" and examples about owning a chain of restaurants. This is specifically about owning a business.

2. sense_key=owner%1:18:02:: - "a person who owns something" with synonyms "possessor" and examples about owning a car or a smile. This is more general - someone who owns something (any object or thing).

In the context provided, "the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog" refers to the person who owns/possesses a dog as a pet. This is not about owning a business, but rather about owning a pet animal.

Sense 2 is clearly the better fit because:
- It's about a person who owns something (in this case, a dog)
- The example "they are searching for the owner of the car" is parallel to finding the owner of a dog
- It's the general sense of ownership of possessions, not specifically business ownership

The answer should be sense_index: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administer
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and candidate senses for the word "administer" in this sentence:

"For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

The context is clearly about giving medication (tablets) to a dog. Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: - "work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of" - This is about managing/supervising administrative tasks. Not relevant here.

2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: - "perform (a church sacrament) ritually" - This is about religious rituals. Not relevant here.

3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: - "administer or bestow, as in small portions" with examples like "administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money" - This is about distributing things in portions, but the example doesn't quite fit the medication context.

4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: - "give or apply (medications)" with synonym "dispense" - This is directly about giving medications. The context explicitly mentions "tablets" and treating a dog with medicine. This seems like the perfect match.

5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: - "direct the taking of" with examples "administer an exam; administer an oath" - This is about directing the taking of something, like an exam or oath. While technically this could involve giving something, it's more about directing/overseeing the process.

The clearest match is sense 4: "give or apply (medications)" because:
- The context explicitly mentions tablets (medication)
- The sentence is about treating a dog with medicine
- The definition "give or apply (medications)" directly matches the action being described
- The synonym "dispense" is commonly used with medications

The answer should be sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablets
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the <t>tablets</t> to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 4}

The context clearly indicates that "tablets" refers to a form of medication for dogs. The passage discusses administering tablets as a follow-up treatment after initial injection, which directly aligns with sense 4: "a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet." The synonyms "pill" and "tab" further confirm this is the pharmaceutical form of medication being discussed.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "tablets" in this text.

The context is about Cerenia, which is a medication for vomiting in dogs. The passage states:

"The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

This is clearly talking about tablets as a form of medication that can be given to a dog. The passage mentions:
- Starting with an injection (alternative form)
- Then following up with tablets for at-home administration
- The concern that a vomiting dog might not keep the tablet down

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
   - This is clearly not right - this refers to tablet stones, not medicine

2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge
   - This is a pad of paper, not medicine

3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
   - This is a small compressed cake (like soap), not specifically medicine

4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab
   - This is clearly the correct sense - it's specifically a dose of medicine, which matches the context perfectly

The answer is sense_index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dog
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the <t>dog</t>. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The context is clearly about veterinary treatment of a domestic pet animal. The passage discusses studies with dogs, treatment of vomiting dogs, and an animal owner administering tablets to their dog. This is unambiguously referring to the domesticated canine animal (sense 1: "a member of the genus Canis that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times"), not any of the other senses which refer to slang terms for people or non-animal objects.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "dog" in this sentence:

"For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

The context is about:
1. A medication called Cerenia used for treating vomiting in animals
2. Studies conducted in "laboratory dogs" and "animal patients at veterinary practises"
3. Treatment of "a vomiting dog"
4. Discussion about whether animals can keep tablets down
5. The specific phrase "the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog"

This is clearly referring to a domestic dog as a pet animal that an owner would give medication to. The context is entirely about veterinary treatment of dogs as animals.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: - "a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds" - This is clearly the domesticated animal sense. Definition mentions domestic use and the example "the dog barked all night" fits.

2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: - "a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman" - This is a derogatory term, not applicable here.

3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: - "informal term for a man" - Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: - "someone who is morally reprehensible" - Not applicable here.

5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: - "a smooth-textured sausage" - Not applicable here.

6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: - "a hinged catch in mechanical device" - Not applicable here.

7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: - "metal supports for logs in a fireplace" - Not applicable here.

The answer is clearly sense 1, which refers to the domesticated canine animal.

Given the veterinary medical context focused on pet treatment and medication administration, only the domesticated animal sense applies here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

The target word "treatment" in this context refers to medical care provided to relieve illness. The passage discusses "treatment of vomiting" as a medical intervention using Cerenia, which aligns with sense 1's definition of "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)." This is clearly a medical/veterinary context where treatment refers to therapeutic intervention.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "treatment" in the sentence:

"Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Context clues:
- This is a veterinary/medical document about Cerenia medication
- The text discusses medicinal intervention for vomiting in dogs
- Earlier in the passage, there are references to "treatment of vomiting" in a medical context
- The phrase "treatment of vomiting" refers to medical care/therapy provided to address a medical condition

Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1 (treatment%1:04:00::): "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" - This fits perfectly. The treatment of vomiting is medical care intended to relieve illness.

2. Sense 2 (treatment%1:04:01::): "the management of someone or something" - While this could apply broadly, the examples given (handling of prisoners, treatment of water sewage) don't match the medical context well.

3. Sense 3 (treatment%1:07:00::): "a manner of dealing with something artistically" - This is about artistic expression, which doesn't apply here.

4. Sense 4 (treatment%1:10:00::): "an extended communication dealing with some particular topic" - This is about discussion/discourse, not applicable here.

The correct sense is clearly sense 1, which refers to medical care/intervention for relieving illness. The "treatment of vomiting" is a medical intervention to relieve the condition of vomiting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should <t>only</t> be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The target word "only" in this context means the treatment should be done "exclusively" or "solely" in combination with other supportive measures. The sentence is stating a restriction: vomiting treatment must not be administered in isolation but should exclusively be paired with other supportive veterinary therapy while addressing underlying causes. This matches sense 2 ("without any others being included or involved; exclusively, solely"), not the conditional sense 6 or the temporal/resultative senses.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "only" in this sentence:

"Also, the treatment of vomiting should <t>only</t> be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

The sentence is saying that the treatment should ONLY be (should exclusively be) together with other supportive measures. This is a restriction - the treatment should not be done in isolation but must be combined with other measures.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "and nothing more" (merely, simply, just) - This would give: "the treatment should merely be together..." - This doesn't fit well.

2. "without any others being included or involved" (entirely, exclusively, solely) - This would give: "the treatment should exclusively be together with other supportive measures..." - This fits well! The word "only" here means the treatment should be done exclusively/solely in combination with other measures, not in isolation.

3. "with nevertheless the final result" - This doesn't fit the context.

4. "in the final outcome" - This doesn't fit.

5. "except that" - This doesn't fit.

6. "never except when" (only if, only when) - This could potentially fit. It would mean "never do treatment except when together with other measures" - This is plausible.

7. "as recently as" - This doesn't fit.

Between senses 2 and 6:
- Sense 2: "exclusively" - the treatment should be done exclusively in combination with other measures
- Sense 6: "only if/only when" - the treatment should be done only when combined with other measures

Looking at the examples for sense 6: "call me only if your cold gets worse" - this has the conditional meaning.

The sentence structure "should only be together with" suggests sense 2 (exclusively/solely) more than sense 6. It's saying the treatment should exclusively/solely be accompanied by other measures.
Sense 2 fits best—the treatment must be done exclusively in combination with other supportive measures, not independently.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with <t>other</t> supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "other" to determine which sense is most appropriate.

The sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with <t>other</t> supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

In this context, "other" is being used to refer to additional supportive measures and veterinary therapies beyond Cerenia itself. The word is describing things that are "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - in this case, different from Cerenia, different from the medication being discussed.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - This fits perfectly. The context is saying the treatment should include Cerenia along with other (different, additional) supportive measures and veterinary therapies. The examples "the construction of highways and other public works" show this sense being used to refer to additional items of a similar category.

2. "recently past" - This doesn't fit. The word is not referring to time here.

3. "belonging to the distant past" - This doesn't fit either. Not about historical time.

4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" - This doesn't fit. The word is not suggesting that the supportive measures are unusual or strange.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The "other" here means additional, different supportive measures and therapies, not the same ones already mentioned (which would be just Cerenia).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive <t>measure</t> or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "measure" in this context refers to "supportive measure," meaning a supportive action or step taken as part of the vomiting treatment process. This aligns with sense 1, which defines measure as "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" with the synonym "step." The example "the situation called for strong measures" similarly uses "measures" to mean necessary actions or steps.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "measure" in the sentence:

"Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

In this context, "measure" is being used to mean an action or step taken as part of treatment. The sentence is saying that vomiting treatment should be done together with other supportive actions/steps.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" - synonyms: step - examples show "the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime" - This fits! The word "measure" here means an action or step taken.

2. "how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify" - This is about quantity/amount, doesn't fit.

3. "a statute in draft before it becomes law" - This is about bills/legislation, doesn't fit.

4. "the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule" - This is about measurement/measuring, doesn't fit.

5. "a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated" - This is about standards/criteria, doesn't fit.

6. "(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse" - This is about poetry/meter, doesn't fit.

7. "musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats" - This is about music, doesn't fit.

8. "measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals" - This is about physical tools, doesn't fit.

9. "a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance" - This is about containers, doesn't fit.

The best fit is sense 1: "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" with synonym "step". In the context, "measure" means "action" or "step" - "supportive measure" = "supportive action/step".
Sense 1 is the correct answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or <t>other</t> veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "other".

Context: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

The word "other" appears twice in this sentence. We need to find the best sense for both instances (though they likely use the same sense).

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - This is the general sense of "other" meaning different ones, additional items besides those already mentioned.
2. "recently past" - refers to temporal proximity (the other evening)
3. "belonging to the distant past" - early, former
4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal" - strange, unusual

In the sentence "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy", the word "other" is used to mean "additional" or "different" supportive measures and veterinary therapies - not the same ones already mentioned in the sentence.

Examples from sense 1 include: "today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works" - which fits perfectly with our context. Here "other public works" means additional public works besides highways.

The context does not suggest:
- A temporal reference (senses 2 and 3)
- Anything strange or unusual (sense 4)

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: address
Target surface form: addressing
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=address%2:32:00:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=turn to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. sense_key=address%2:32:02:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=speak | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
3. sense_key=address%2:32:03:: | definition=put an address on (an envelope) | synonyms=direct
4. sense_key=address%2:33:00:: | definition=direct a question at someone
5. sense_key=address%2:34:00:: | definition=address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
6. sense_key=address%2:41:08:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=call | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
7. sense_key=address%2:40:00:: | definition=access or locate by address
8. sense_key=address%2:32:04:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
9. sense_key=address%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to someone | synonyms=accost, come up to
10. sense_key=address%2:30:00:: | definition=adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "addressing" in this passage.

The sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

In this context, "addressing" means to deal with or handle the underlying causes of vomiting. The word is being used in the sense of applying oneself to something, dealing with something, or tackling a problem.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. speak to - not relevant
2. give a speech to - not relevant
3. put an address on an envelope - not relevant
4. direct a question at someone - not relevant
5. address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question - this seems very relevant!
6. greet, as with a prescribed form - not relevant
7. access or locate by address - not relevant
8. act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression; synonyms: cover, treat, handle - this is also very relevant! The examples include "This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization"
9. speak to someone - not relevant
10. adjust and aim a golf ball - not relevant

Between senses 5 and 8, both seem plausible. However, sense 5 specifically says "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something" which is exactly what "addressing the underlying causes" means - applying oneself to dealing with the causes.

Sense 8 is about "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" with synonyms like "cover, treat, handle" - this also fits.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 8's definition and synonyms, "handle," "deal," and "treat" are perfect synonyms for what "addressing" means in this context. The examples also support this - "The course covered all of Western Civilization" is similar to "addressing the underlying causes."
Sense 5 appears most fitting since it directly captures the idea of directing effort toward the underlying causes, which is precisely what the veterinary treatment aims to accomplish in this medical context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: underlying
Target surface form: underlying
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The phrase "underlying causes of the vomiting" refers to the fundamental or basic causes at the root of the problem. The context makes clear that treatment should address these essential, foundational causes rather than just managing the symptom, which aligns with the "basic" or "fundamental" sense rather than the spatial or implicit interpretations.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "underlying" in this sentence:

"Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting."

The three candidate senses are:
1. implicit/inherent - in the nature of something though not readily apparent
2. subjacent - located beneath or below
3. basic/fundamental - being or involving basic facts or principles

In this context, we're talking about "underlying causes of the vomiting." The phrase "underlying causes" refers to the root causes, the fundamental or basic causes that are at the root of the problem.

Let me consider each sense:

1. Sense 1 (implicit): This would mean the causes are implicitly there, not readily apparent. While this could work in some contexts, it's not the primary meaning we want here.

2. Sense 2 (subjacent): This means "located beneath or below" - this is a spatial meaning. While "underlying" can be used in a spatial sense, in this medical/veterinary context, it's being used more figuratively to mean "fundamental" or "root" causes.

3. Sense 3 (basic/fundamental): This makes the most sense. "Underlying causes" means the fundamental, basic causes that are at the root of the vomiting problem. This is the primary meaning in medical/scientific contexts.

The best match is sense 3 - basic/fundamental. The treatment should address the fundamental/basic causes of the vomiting, not just the symptom itself.