[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "children" in this context refers to young people in the general population who might develop retinoblastoma. The sentence compares little Will Quinlan's cancer risk "to other children," emphasizing a specific age group (young people) vulnerable to this particular cancer. Sense 1 ("a young person of either sex") fits better than sense 2 (which allows "offspring of any age") because the medical context specifically concerns infants and young children who develop this disease. The phrasing "other children" as a demographic group susceptible to this cancer supports this interpretation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "children" in this sentence:

"A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer."

The context is discussing genetic testing for cancer risk in newborns. The sentence compares little Will Quinlan's risk to that of "other children" - meaning other young people in the general population.

Let me examine each sense:

1. **sense_key=child%1:18:00::** - "a young person of either sex" - This refers to young people, with synonyms like kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry. The examples are "she writes books for children; they're just kids"

2. **sense_key=child%1:18:01::** - "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age" - This is about biological offspring regardless of age. Examples are "they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college"

3. **sense_key=child%1:18:06::** - "an immature childish person" - This is about someone who acts immaturely, not about age literally. Examples like "he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!"

4. **sense_key=child%1:18:07::** - "a member of a clan or tribe" - This is a specialized sense used in specific contexts like "the children of Israel"

In this context, "other children" refers to other young people in the general population who might develop retinoblastoma. The cancer "occurs about once every 20,000 births," so we're talking about young people, infants through children.

The key question is whether it's sense 1 or sense 2:
- Sense 1: "a young person of either sex"
- Sense 2: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age"

The medical context specifically concerns young people and infants who develop this cancer. Since the comparison emphasizes youth and the phrase "little Will Quinlan" underscores his young age, sense 1 fits best—it captures the demographic of children at risk for retinoblastoma rather than the broader biological definition of offspring.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context describes children at risk of "developing" a rare cancer, which parallels the example "The patient developed abdominal pains." Both use "develop" to mean acquiring or coming to have a medical condition or disease. This matches sense 4's definition: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with the synonyms acquire, grow, and get.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "developing" is used:

"therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer."

This is saying that the baby had no more risk of getting/contracting the cancer. In this context, "developing" means "coming to have" or "acquiring" a disease or condition.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. Make something new (product/creation) - NO
2. Work out/evolve - NO
3. Gain through experience - Could work, but not the best fit
4. Come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) - This is a good candidate. It says "come to have" and the example "The patient developed abdominal pains" is exactly parallel to "developing cancer"
5. Come into existence - Not quite right
6. Change the use of and make available - NO
7. Elaborate theories - NO
8. Create by training - NO
9. Be gradually disclosed - NO
10. Grow, progress, unfold through evolution - Too general
11. Become technologically advanced - NO
12. Cause to grow and differentiate - NO
13. Generate gradually - Not quite
14. Grow emotionally/mature - NO
15. Make visible by chemical solutions - NO
16. Geometric term - NO
17. Chess move - NO
18. Chess move - NO
19. Music term - NO
20. Happen - Could work but not the best
21. Expand as series - NO

The best fit is sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with synonyms "grow, produce, get, acquire" and the example "The patient developed abdominal pains" which is directly parallel to "developing the rare cancer."

The answer is sense 4.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates the medical sense of cancer. The passage discusses retinoblastoma as "an eye cancer," inherited genetic risk factors for tumor development, tumor-suppressor genes, and the risk of developing this malignant disease. Sense 1 is the definition of cancer as a malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, which directly matches this medical context about a genetic predisposition to a cancerous tumor.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "cancer" in this sentence.

The sentence reads: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>."

The context is clearly about retinoblastoma, which is described as "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births." This is a medical/biological context discussing:
- Genetic tests
- Tumor-suppressor genes
- Malignant tumors
- The disease itself

The target word "cancer" here refers to a malignant disease/tumor - a medical condition involving abnormal cell growth.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: - "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream" - This is clearly the medical definition of cancer as a disease.

2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: - A person born under the zodiac sign Cancer - Not relevant.

3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: - A zodiacal constellation - Not relevant.

4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: - The fourth sign of the zodiac - Not relevant.

5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: - Type genus of the family Cancridae (a genus of crabs) - Not relevant.

The context is clearly about the medical condition, specifically retinoblastoma as a type of cancer. Sense 1 is the only appropriate choice as it defines cancer as a malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - which matches perfectly with the discussion of retinoblastoma in the passage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 45}
```

The phrase "It made our New Year" expresses that the positive test result caused their New Year to be enjoyable or pleasurable. This aligns perfectly with sense 45 ("cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable") and its example "make my day," which is the idiomatic equivalent expressing the same meaning.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.

In this context, Mr. Quinlan is expressing that the test results (showing his baby was not at risk for cancer) positively affected or impacted his New Year. The test result "made" his New Year something - presumably better, happier, or more positive.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. engage in/do - not right
2. give certain properties to something - This could work! "made our New Year" could mean gave the New Year certain positive properties
3. make or cause to be or to become - Could work
4. cause to do - not right
5. give rise to; cause to happen - possible
6. create or manufacture - not right
7. make, formulate, or derive in the mind - not right
8. compel or make somebody - not right
9. create by artistic means - not right
10. earn - not right
11. create or design - not right
12. to compose or represent - not right
13. reach a goal - not right
14. be or be capable of being changed - "He makes a great host" - this is about someone being something
15. make by shaping - not right
16. perform or carry out - not right
17. make by combining - not right
18. change from one form into another - not right
19. act in a certain way - not right
20. charge with a function - not right
21. achieve a point or goal - not right
22. reach a destination - not right
23. institute, enact, or establish - not right
24. carry out or commit - not right
25. form by assembling - not right
26. organize or be responsible for - not right
27. put in order or neaten - not right
28. head into a specified direction - not right
29. have a bowel movement - not right
30. undergo fabrication - not right
31. be suitable for - not right
32. add up to - not right
33. amount to - not right
34. constitute the essence of - not right
35. appear to begin an activity - not right
36. proceed along a path - not right
37. reach in time - not right
38. gather and light - not right
39. prepare for eating - not right
40. induce to have sex - not right
41. assure the success of - not right
42. represent fictitiously - not right
43. consider as being - could work, "consider as being" would mean treating the New Year as something positive or successful. This sense captures how the test result caused them to view their New Year in a favorable light.
44. calculate as being - not right
45. cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable - "make my day" - YES, this fits!
46. favor the development of - not right
47. develop into - not right
48. behave in a certain way - not right
49. eliminate urine - not right

The phrase "made our New Year" parallels "make my day" - both describe making something more enjoyable. Sense 45 directly captures this meaning of causing something to become pleasurable or satisfying, which is exactly what the test result did for their New Year.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The sentence "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan is a direct quotation where Mr. Quinlan is expressing his thoughts and feelings about the test results in words. This aligns with sense 1 (express in words) with synonyms "state" and "tell" and examples like "He said that he wanted to marry her." Mr. Quinlan is directly expressing his sentiment/opinion verbally about how the positive test results have made an impact on their lives.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "says" in this sentence:

"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.

The context is that Mr. Quinlan is making a positive statement about the test results regarding his baby. He's directly expressing his thoughts/feelings about the situation in words.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
   - This fits well - he's expressing his sentiment in words

2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver
   - This is more about reporting something as fact or alleging, doesn't fit as well

3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose
   - This is about supposing or hypothetical situations, not applicable here

4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read
   - This is about what something reads/contains, not applicable

5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority
   - No instruction is being given here

6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
   - This is about how something is pronounced, not applicable

7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally
   - This is nonverbal communication, but "says" is verbal here

Looking at the remaining options, sense 1 (express in words) remains the strongest match since Mr. Quinlan is articulating his opinion about the good news directly through speech.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "first" in the context "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer" refers to something that preceded all others in time—it was the earliest test of its kind with this predictive capability. This matches sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree," which directly captures the temporal sense of being the initial occurrence before any others.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "first" is being used.

The target sentence is: "This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "preceding all others in time or space or degree" - This is about something coming before others temporally or spatially. In the context, "the first test" does mean it was the initial/earliest test of its kind. This seems plausible.

2. "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - This is about ordinal numbering (1st, 2nd, etc.). The context uses "first" more descriptively than as a pure ordinal number.

3. "serving to set in motion" (inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden) - This sense means something that starts or initiates something. In the context, this test was indeed groundbreaking and initiated a new type of genetic testing for cancer prediction.

4. "serving to begin" (beginning) - Similar to sense 3, this means something that begins or commences.

5. "ranking above all others" - This would mean the test was superior in quality, the best of all tests. The context doesn't emphasize that this test was the best/superior, only that it was the first one to do this.

6. "highest in pitch or chief among parts" - This is about music/instruments, clearly not relevant here.

Looking at the sentence context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

The word "first" here means it was the earliest/initial test to accomplish this. This is a temporal sense - it came before all others. The examples given for sense 1 include "the first day of spring" which is also about temporal precedence.

While sense 3 and 4 could fit (as in "inaugurating" a new approach), sense 1 seems most directly applicable. The test was literally the first one chronologically to predict cancer risk in this way.
Sense 1 best captures the meaning here—the test preceded all others in time with this particular capability.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "individual" in the context refers to a person or human being. The sentence discusses whether a person (like Will Quinlan or others who might carry the damaged gene) could develop cancer. The synonyms "person, someone, somebody" directly align with this usage, and the context is specifically about human subjects in a medical/genetic testing scenario.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "individual" is being used.

The sentence in question is: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

In this context, the text is discussing whether a person (specifically referring to someone like Will Quinlan or any person who might have inherited the damaged gene) could develop cancer. The test can predict whether "an individual" (a person, a human being) will develop cancer.

Sense 1 refers to "a human being" with synonyms like "person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul"
Sense 2 refers to "a single organism" which is more general and could include any organism.

The context is clearly talking about humans - it's about Mr. Quinlan, his wife, the baby Will Quinlan, and whether a human person would develop cancer. So "individual" here means "a person" or "a human being."

This matches Sense 1 (individual%1:03:00::) - "a human being"

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expect
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The context describes a genetic test determining "whether an individual could expect to develop cancer." Here, "expect" means to regard as probable or likely - it's about the anticipated probability of a health outcome. This aligns with sense 1 (regard something as probable or likely), which includes the synonym "anticipate" and the example structure of predicting future occurrences.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and candidate senses for the word "expect" in this sentence:

"This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

In this context, the word "expect" is being used to mean something like "anticipate" or "be likely to" happen. The sentence is saying whether an individual is likely to develop cancer.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "regard something as probable or likely" - synonyms: anticipate. Example: "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow" - This fits well. It's about regarding something as probable or likely to happen.

2. "consider obligatory; request and expect" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't asking for something or making it obligatory.

3. "look forward to the probable occurrence of" - synonyms: look, await, wait. This could fit, but "look forward to" implies anticipation in a positive or neutral sense. In the context of cancer development, we're not really "looking forward to" it.

4. "consider reasonable or due" - This doesn't fit the context.

5. "look forward to the birth of a child" - This is specifically about pregnancy, not applicable here.

6. "be pregnant with" - Clearly not applicable here.

Between senses 1 and 3, sense 1 ("regard something as probable or likely") seems most appropriate. The context is about whether someone would be likely to develop cancer - it's about regarding a probability, not necessarily "looking forward to" something.

Sense 1 is the best choice because it captures the meaning of "anticipate" or "regard as probable" which is exactly what the sentence is saying - whether an individual could anticipate/regard as probable the development of cancer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context describes predicting whether someone "could expect to develop cancer" - meaning the person might come to have or acquire this medical condition. This matches sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with the example "The patient developed abdominal pains." Both cases involve acquiring or coming to have a physical ailment or condition.

reasoning_content:
The context is discussing whether someone will develop cancer in the future. The sentence reads: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

In this context, "develop" means to come to have or undergo a change where someone gets a disease or condition. The person doesn't already have the cancer but might come to have it in the future.

Let me look at the senses:

1. Make something new (product/creation) - Not applicable
2. Work out/evolve - Not applicable
3. Gain through experience/acquire - Could fit but more about acquiring skills/knowledge
4. Come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) - "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains" - This one fits! It's about coming to have a condition/physical symptom
5. Come into existence - Not quite right
6. Change use and make available - Not applicable (about land/resources)
7. Elaborate theories - Not applicable
8. Create by training - Not applicable
9. Gradually disclosed/unfolded - Not applicable
10. Grow, progress, unfold through evolution/natural growth - Could fit but more about growth/progress
11. Become technologically advanced - Not applicable
12. Cause to grow and differentiate - Not applicable
13. Generate gradually - Not applicable
14. Grow emotionally/mature - Not applicable
15. Make visible by chemical solutions - Not applicable (photography)
16. Geometric term - Not applicable
17-19. Chess/music terms - Not applicable
20. Happen - Could fit but less specific
21. Expand in series - Not applicable

The best fit is sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with examples like "The patient developed abdominal pains". This directly parallels "develop cancer" - it's about coming to have or acquiring a physical condition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates the medical sense of cancer. The passage discusses retinoblastoma as "an eye cancer," mentions tumor-suppressor genes, genetic probes, abnormal cell growth, and the ability to predict disease development. All of these elements point to cancer as a malignant neoplastic disease caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, which is sense 1.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "cancer" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

Looking at the context:
- The passage discusses retinoblastoma, which is explicitly described as "an eye cancer"
- The passage discusses tumor-suppressor genes and genetic probes
- The passage mentions "malignant growth or tumor"
- It's about medical/biological conditions

The candidate senses are:
1. Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - this is the medical definition
2. A person born during Cancer zodiac sign - astrological
3. A zodiacal constellation - astronomical
4. The fourth sign of the zodiac - astrological
5. Type genus of the family Cancridae - biological/zoological (referring to crabs)

Given the medical context discussing:
- Retinoblastoma (eye cancer)
- Tumor-suppressor genes
- Cell division
- Genetic tests to predict disease development

This is clearly referring to cancer as a medical condition - a malignant growth or tumor. This matches sense 1.

The answer should be 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: Equally
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "Equally" in this context means "to the same degree." The phrase "Equally important" compares the importance of the discovery of the gene to the importance of the test's predictive ability, indicating they are of similar significance. This matches sense 1, which defines the term as "to the same degree (often followed by 'as')" with examples like "they were equally beautiful."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "equally" is being used.

Looking at the sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene..."

The word "Equally" here is being used to mean "to the same degree" or "just as much." It's saying that the discovery of the gene is "just as important" as the test's ability to predict cancer. This is comparing two things on the same level of importance.

Let me check the two senses:

1. "to the same degree (often followed by `as')" - This means comparing two things as being equal in some measure. The example "they were equally beautiful" shows things being equally matched in beauty. This fits the context where the discovery is said to be equally important (just as important as the test).

2. "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way" - This is about distribution or division, like splitting something evenly. The example "a class evenly divided between girls and boys" shows this usage.

In the sentence, "Equally important" is definitely meaning "just as important" or "to the same degree important" - this is sense 1. The word is not being used to divide or distribute anything equally, but rather to compare the importance of two things.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "important" in this context means "of great significance or value." The passage states "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene..." to emphasize that this genetic discovery has great significance and value, comparable to the practical benefit of the genetic test mentioned earlier. This is the standard usage of "important" to describe something of high value or consequence, fitting sense 1.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "important" is being used.

In the sentence: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

The word "important" is used to emphasize the significance of the discovery of the gene. It's being used to convey that this is something of great value and significance.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "of great significance or value" with examples like "important people; the important questions of the day" - This fits well. The discovery is being emphasized as having great significance and value.

2. "important in effect or meaning" with synonyms "significant" - This also could fit, as it's talking about the effect/meaning of the discovery.

3. "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" with examples like "a crucial moment in his career" - This doesn't quite fit. While the discovery is important, it's not being presented as vital to resolving a crisis.

4. "having authority or ascendancy or influence" - This is about having power or influence, not about the significance of something. Doesn't fit.

5. "having or suggesting a consciousness of high position" - This is about someone acting important or proud. Doesn't fit the context.

Between senses 1 and 2, sense 1 seems more natural. The context is emphasizing that the discovery is "equally important" alongside the test's ability to predict cancer development. It's saying the discovery has great significance and value.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The target word "discovery" refers to a significant scientific breakthrough—the identification of the gene controlling retinal cell growth by Dr. Thaddeus Dryja. The context emphasizes its productive and transformative nature: it "opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded" and enabled "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer." This aligns with sense 3 ("a productive insight") and its synonym "breakthrough," rather than simply referring to the act of discovering (sense 1) or the object discovered (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "discovery" in this passage.

The target word appears in the phrase "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja"

The context discusses:
- A genetic probes test that could predict cancer development
- This breakthrough was made possible by isolating the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene
- Dr. Thaddeus Dryja's initial discovery of the gene
- This discovery "has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded"
- The text states it led to "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer"

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: - "the act of discovering something" - This refers to the ACTION of discovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: - "something that is discovered" - This refers to the THING/OBJECT that was discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: - "a productive insight" with synonyms "breakthrough, find" - This refers to a significant finding or breakthrough
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: - "(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure" - This is clearly not relevant to the context

In the context, "the initial discovery of the gene" seems to refer to the act of finding/identifying the gene, which could be sense 1 or 2. However, the context emphasizes the significance and impact of this finding - it "opened a field of cancer study" and led to "fundamental insights." This suggests sense 3, which emphasizes the productive/insightful nature of the discovery.

Actually, looking more carefully: "the initial discovery of the gene" - this is describing what was discovered (the gene) or the act of discovering it? Given the synonyms for sense 3 include "breakthrough" and "find," and the context emphasizes the transformative impact of this discovery, sense 3 seems most appropriate.
The passage stresses the transformative nature of this finding—how it catalyzed an entirely new research field and yielded crucial insights into cancer mechanisms. This aligns with sense 3's emphasis on a productive breakthrough rather than simply the act or object of discovery itself.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: controls
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%2:41:00:: | definition=exercise authoritative control or power over | synonyms=command | examples=control the budget; Command the military forces
2. sense_key=control%2:41:01:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
3. sense_key=control%2:35:00:: | definition=handle and cause to function | synonyms=operate | examples=do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol; control the lever
4. sense_key=control%2:37:06:: | definition=control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage | synonyms=manipulate, keep in line | examples=She manipulates her boss; She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up
5. sense_key=control%2:41:02:: | definition=check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard | synonyms=verify | examples=Are you controlling for the temperature?
6. sense_key=control%2:31:11:: | definition=verify by using a duplicate register for comparison | examples=control an account
7. sense_key=control%2:31:01:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
8. sense_key=control%2:31:00:: | definition=have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of | synonyms=master | examples=Do you control these data?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The gene "controls" retinal cell growth, meaning it exercises authoritative control or regulatory power over the biological process of cell growth. This is the standard usage of "control" in scientific and biological contexts where one entity governs or regulates another.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to understand what "controls" means in this sentence.

The sentence is: "the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth"

Here, "controls" is being used in a biological context. The gene is responsible for regulating or governing the growth of retinal cells.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "exercise authoritative control or power over" - This could work, but it's more about commanding/authority
2. "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits" - Not quite right, this is about moderation/restraint
3. "handle and cause to function" - This could work - a gene that causes retinal cells to function/grow
4. "control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage" - This is about manipulation, doesn't fit
5. "check or regulate (a scientific experiment)" - This is about experimental control, not the biological function
6. "verify by using a duplicate register" - Doesn't fit
7. "be careful or certain to do something" - Doesn't fit
8. "have a firm understanding or knowledge of" - Doesn't fit

The key question is between sense 1 and sense 3. In biology, when we say a gene "controls" something, we mean it regulates or governs that process. Sense 1 talks about "exercise authoritative control or power over" which could apply, but sense 3 "handle and cause to function" seems more specific to the biological/technical meaning.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1: "exercise authoritative control or power over" - in a biological sense, a gene that controls cell growth is exercising control over that growth process. This seems like the best fit.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate for this biological/regulatory meaning of "controls."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly indicates a biological meaning. The passage discusses "the gene that controls retinal cell growth" in relation to retinoblastoma (a tumor affecting retinal cells). This refers to cells as the basic structural and functional units of living organisms, not compartments in a honeycomb, electrical devices, prison rooms, or mobile phones. The biological sense is the only appropriate interpretation in this medical/genetic context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The passage is discussing a genetic test for retinoblastoma, a rare tumor. The key phrase is "the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth."

In this context, "cell" refers to biological cells in the retina - specifically retinal cells. The passage is discussing how a gene controls the growth of these cells, and how this gene's dysfunction can lead to cancer (retinoblastoma).

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "any small compartment" - too general and doesn't fit a biological context
2. "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms" - This is clearly the right answer. Retinal cells are biological cells that make up the retina of the eye.
3. "a device that delivers an electric current" - This is about electrical cells, not biological cells
4. "a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement" - This is about organizations/movements, not relevant
5. "a hand-held mobile radiotelephone" - This is about cellular phones, completely irrelevant
6. "small room in which a monk or nun lives" - Not relevant to biology
7. "a room where a prisoner is kept" - Not relevant

The answer is clearly sense 2, which refers to biological cells. In the context of "retinal cell growth," we're talking about the fundamental biological units that make up the retina - the biological cells.

The sense index for sense 2 is: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses "the gene that controls retinal cell growth," referring to the biological developmental process by which retinal cells grow and develop. Sense 1 is the best fit because it specifically captures the biological unfolding process of organism/cell growth and development, which aligns with how the gene regulates the natural developmental processes of retinal cells. This is distinct from pathological growth (sense 6) or simple quantitative increase (sense 3), and it matches the scientific/developmental biology context of the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "growth" in "the gene that controls retinal cell growth".

The context is about a gene that controls retinal cell growth. The passage discusses:
- A retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene
- The gene controls retinal cell growth
- This discovery has opened up a field of cancer study

The key phrase is "controls retinal cell growth" - this is about the biological process of cells growing and developing at the retinal level.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level" - This is about organism growth and development. Retinal cells growing would fit this sense.

2. "a progression from simpler to more complex forms" - This is more abstract and cultural.

3. "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" - This is about increase/becoming larger. Retinal cell growth (cells becoming larger/more numerous) could fit this.

4. "vegetation that has grown" - This is about plants, doesn't fit.

5. "the gradual beginning or coming forth" - This is about emergence, doesn't fit well.

6. "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - This is pathological growth, but the context is about normal retinal cell growth controlled by a gene, not about tumors. Although tumors are mentioned in the passage, the phrase "retinal cell growth" refers to normal cell growth.

7. "something grown or growing" - This is too vague.

The best fit is sense 1 - it's about the biological process of organisms/cells growing organically. Sense 3 could also work ("becoming larger or more numerous"), but sense 1 is more specific to the biological/developmental context which is what's being discussed here.
Sense 1 captures the developmental unfolding better than sense 3's focus on quantitative increase. The gene controls how retinal cells undergo their biological developmental process, not just how much they expand numerically. So sense 1 is the most precise fit.