[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pound
Target surface form: pound
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million <t>pound</t> fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pound%1:23:09:: | definition=16 ounces avoirdupois | synonyms=lb | examples=he got a hernia when he tried to lift 100 pounds
2. sense_key=pound%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=British pound, British pound sterling, pound sterling, quid
3. sense_key=pound%1:23:10:: | definition=a unit of apothecary weight equal to 12 ounces troy
4. sense_key=pound%1:23:08:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Syria; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Syrian pound
5. sense_key=pound%1:23:07:: | definition=the basic unit of money in the Sudan; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Sudanese pound
6. sense_key=pound%1:23:05:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Lebanon; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Lebanese pound
7. sense_key=pound%1:23:04:: | definition=formerly the basic unit of money in Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=Irish pound, Irish punt, punt
8. sense_key=pound%1:23:03:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Egypt; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Egyptian pound
9. sense_key=pound%1:23:02:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Cyprus; equal to 100 cents | synonyms=Cypriot pound
10. sense_key=pound%1:23:00:: | definition=a nontechnical unit of force equal to the mass of 1 pound with an acceleration of free fall equal to 32 feet/sec/sec | synonyms=lbf.
11. sense_key=pound%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972) | synonyms=Ezra Pound, Ezra Loomis Pound
12. sense_key=pound%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol for a unit of currency (especially for the pound sterling in Great Britain) | synonyms=pound sign
13. sense_key=pound%1:06:00:: | definition=a public enclosure for stray or unlicensed dogs | synonyms=dog pound | examples=unlicensed dogs will be taken to the pound
14. sense_key=pound%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows) | synonyms=hammer, hammering, pounding | examples=the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard; the pounding of feet on the hallway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly indicates that "pound" refers to a currency unit in the phrase "multi-million pound fine." Given that this is a monetary fine being discussed in an international financial context, and considering the subsequent conversion to "145 million dollars (106 million Euros)," the reference is to the British pound sterling, the most widely recognized pound currency globally.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA"

The key phrase is "multi-million pound fine". This is referring to a monetary fine or penalty. The context makes it clear that:
1. Deutsche Bank is paying a fine
2. The fine is measured in "pound" units
3. The article later mentions "145 million dollars (106 million Euros)" which shows these are monetary units

The word "pound" here is being used as a currency unit. Let me look at the currency-related senses:

- Sense 2: the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland (British pound, pound sterling)
- Sense 3: formerly the basic unit of money in Ireland
- Sense 4: the basic unit of money in Egypt
- Sense 5: the basic unit of money in Cyprus
- Sense 6: the basic unit of money in Lebanon
- Sense 7: the basic unit of money in the Sudan
- Sense 8: the basic unit of money in Syria

Given that Deutsche Bank is a German bank and the context mentions "Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank" and talks about the USA, and mentions the fine in the context of "145 million dollars (106 million Euros)", the most likely currency reference would be to the British pound (sense 2), which is the most common and well-known pound currency globally.

However, let me reconsider - could this be referring to a unit of weight? No, that doesn't make sense in the context of a monetary fine.

The best answer is sense 2: "the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence" with synonyms "British pound, British pound sterling, pound sterling, quid"

This is the British pound sterling, which is the most commonly referenced "pound" in financial contexts.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the <t>USA</t>. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to the USA as a geographic and political entity where Deutsche Bank faces fines and settles disputes. The passage discusses regulatory/legal matters in the country, not anything related to the military. This matches sense 1 (North American republic), not sense 2 (United States Army).

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "USA" in the context of "Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA."

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1 (usa%1:15:00::): "North American republic containing 50 states" - this refers to the United States as a country/nation
2. Sense 2 (usa%1:14:00::): "the army of the United States of America" - this refers to the United States Army

Looking at the context: "Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes..."

The context is clearly talking about Deutsche Bank facing fines IN the USA (as a country), paying money to settle disputes in the USA. This is about the geographic and political entity of the United States, not about the military (US Army). There's no mention of the military or army anywhere in the text.

This is clearly Sense 1: the USA as the North American republic/country, not the US Army.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problems
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the <t>problems</t> at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 3}

The word "problems" in this context refers to sources of difficulty that Deutsche Bank is facing—the fines, disputes, and regulatory issues. This matches sense 3's definition of "a source of difficulty" with the synonym "trouble," which notably appears in the very next sentence ("Fresh trouble is following..."). Sense 2 is clearly inapplicable as it refers to academic problems or questions. While sense 1 could work, sense 3 is the better fit given the immediate contextual use of "trouble" as a synonym and the examples provided ("what's the problem?") that mirror the usage pattern here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "problems" is being used.

The context is about Deutsche Bank facing difficulties:
- Multi-million pound fine in the USA
- "Uproar around Josef Ackermann"
- "As if the problems at home were not already enough"
- Legal disputes and financial issues

Let me look at each sense:

1. **Sense 1** (problem%1:26:00::): "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" | synonyms: job | examples: "she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him"
   - This is about a state of difficulty needing resolution
   - Broad sense of problems/difficulties

2. **Sense 2** (problem%1:10:00::): "a question raised for consideration or solution" | examples: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve"
   - This is about academic/intellectual problems - questions to solve
   - This doesn't fit the context of Deutsche Bank's financial difficulties

3. **Sense 3** (problem%1:09:00::): "a source of difficulty" | synonyms: trouble | examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?"
   - This is about sources of difficulty
   - The synonym "trouble" appears in the very next sentence of the context: "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels..."
   - The examples match the usage pattern in the text

The context clearly shows "problems" referring to difficulties/troubles that Deutsche Bank is facing (fines, disputes, issues). The word "trouble" is used as a synonym in the sentence right before, which strongly suggests sense 3.

Sense 2 is clearly wrong because this isn't about homework problems or intellectual questions.

Between sense 1 and 3:
- Sense 1 is more general: "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
- Sense 3 is more specific: "source of difficulty" with the synonym "trouble"
- The immediate context uses "trouble" as a synonym, which directly aligns with sense 3's definition and examples

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: home
Target surface form: home
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at <t>home</t> were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=home%1:15:04:: | definition=where you live at a particular time | synonyms=place | examples=deliver the package to my home; he doesn't have a home to go to
2. sense_key=home%1:06:00:: | definition=housing that someone is living in | synonyms=dwelling, domicile, abode, habitation, dwelling house | examples=he built a modest dwelling near the pond; they raise money to provide homes for the homeless
3. sense_key=home%1:15:02:: | definition=the country or state or city where you live | examples=Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home; his home is New Jersey
4. sense_key=home%1:06:02:: | definition=(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score | synonyms=home plate, home base, plate | examples=he ruled that the runner failed to touch home
5. sense_key=home%1:15:05:: | definition=the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end | synonyms=base
6. sense_key=home%1:15:03:: | definition=place where something began and flourished | examples=the United States is the home of basketball
7. sense_key=home%1:26:00:: | definition=an environment offering affection and security | examples=home is where the heart is; he grew up in a good Christian home
8. sense_key=home%1:14:00:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, house, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
9. sense_key=home%1:06:01:: | definition=an institution where people are cared for | synonyms=nursing home, rest home | examples=a home for the elderly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The phrase "problems at home" refers to Deutsche Bank's troubles in their home country (Germany), as contrasted with their separate problems in the USA. This matches sense 3, which defines "home" as "the country or state or city where you live," exemplified by "Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home."

reasoning_content:
Looking at the context: "As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank..."

This sentence is talking about Deutsche Bank's problems at home - meaning in their home country/place of operations. Deutsche Bank is based in Frankfurt, Germany, so "at home" refers to Germany or their home country.

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. "where you live at a particular time" - too personal, about individual residence
2. "housing that someone is living in" - about physical dwellings
3. "the country or state or city where you live" - This matches! The example "Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home" shows this is about one's home country/region
4. Baseball term - not relevant
5. "the place where you are stationed" - military/base terminology
6. "place where something began and flourished" - about origins
7. "an environment offering affection and security" - emotional/familial
8. "a social unit living together" - family/household
9. "institution for care" - nursing home context

The context is: Deutsche Bank faces problems "at home" - meaning in their home country (Germany), as opposed to the USA where they're also having problems.

Sense 3 is clearly the best fit: "the country or state or city where you live" with the example "Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home" which shows this means one's home country.

The answer is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: industry
Target surface form: industry
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the <t>industry</t> giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=industry%1:14:00:: | definition=the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise | examples=each industry has its own trade publications
2. sense_key=industry%1:04:00:: | definition=the organized action of making of goods and services for sale | synonyms=manufacture | examples=American industry is making increased use of computers to control production
3. sense_key=industry%1:07:00:: | definition=persevering determination to perform a task | synonyms=diligence, industriousness | examples=his diligence won him quick promotions; frugality and industry are still regarded as virtues

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "industry giant" refers to Deutsche Bank as a major company operating within a particular commercial sector (banking/finance). This matches sense 1, which defines industry as "the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise." The context is describing Deutsche Bank as a large corporation within its industry sector, not referring to manufacturing activities (sense 2) or diligence/hard work (sense 3).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "industry" is being used.

In the context: "As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it."

The phrase "industry giant" is key here. Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1: "the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise" - This refers to the people/companies in a specific commercial field. An "industry giant" would be a very large company/organization in a particular business sector. This fits well - Deutsche Bank is a giant in the banking/financial industry.

2. Sense 2: "the organized action of making of goods and services for sale" - This is about the activity/process of making goods and services. An "industry giant" in this sense would mean a giant in the process of manufacturing, which doesn't quite fit as well.

3. Sense 3: "persevering determination to perform a task" - This is about diligence and hard work. An "industry giant" wouldn't make sense in this meaning.

Looking at the context more carefully: Deutsche Bank is described as an "industry giant" - a large, important company in the financial/banking industry. This is clearly using "industry" to refer to a particular sector or field of commerce, where major companies operate.

Sense 1 is the best fit because it refers to "people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise" - Deutsche Bank is a company in the banking/financial industry sector.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: giant
Target surface form: giant
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry <t>giant</t>'s past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=giant%1:05:00:: | definition=any creature of exceptional size
2. sense_key=giant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person of exceptional importance and reputation | synonyms=colossus, behemoth, heavyweight, titan
3. sense_key=giant%1:14:00:: | definition=an unusually large enterprise | examples=Walton built a retail giant
4. sense_key=giant%1:18:03:: | definition=a very large person; impressive in size or qualities | synonyms=hulk, heavyweight, whale
5. sense_key=giant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful | synonyms=goliath, behemoth, monster, colossus
6. sense_key=giant%1:18:02:: | definition=an imaginary figure of superhuman size and strength; appears in folklore and fairy tales
7. sense_key=giant%1:17:00:: | definition=a very bright star of large diameter and low density (relative to the Sun) | synonyms=giant star

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly refers to Deutsche Bank as "the industry giant," describing it as an unusually large and important enterprise within the financial/banking sector. Sense 3 ("an unusually large enterprise") is the best match, supported by the example "Walton built a retail giant" which parallels the usage of describing a major company as a "giant."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "giant" is used.

The sentence is: "As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it."

Here, "giant" is used to refer to Deutsche Bank itself - an unusually large or important company/enterprise in the financial industry. The phrase "the industry giant" refers to Deutsche Bank as a major, important company in the banking/financial sector.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. any creature of exceptional size - No, this is about an animal/creature
2. a person of exceptional importance and reputation (synonyms: colossus, behemoth, heavyweight, titan) - This is about a person, but Deutsche Bank is a company, not a person
3. an unusually large enterprise (examples: Walton built a retail giant) - YES! This matches perfectly. Deutsche Bank is referred to as an "industry giant" meaning it's an unusually large enterprise in the industry
4. a very large person - No, Deutsche Bank is not a person
5. someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful - This could fit, but sense 3 is more specific
6. an imaginary figure of superhuman size - No, Deutsche Bank is real
7. a very bright star - No, Deutsche Bank is not a star

The best fit is sense 3: "an unusually large enterprise | examples=Walton built a retail giant"

This directly matches the usage of "industry giant" referring to Deutsche Bank as a large enterprise/company.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the <t>USA</t> is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to the USA as the country where Deutsche Bank faces a fine related to financial disputes and mortgage securities. This is a geographic and jurisdictional reference to the United States as a nation-state, not a reference to the United States Army. Sense 1 is the correct interpretation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "USA" is being used.

The sentence is: "Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA."

The context discusses:
- Deutsche Bank paying a fine
- The fine is in the USA
- The fine relates to settling disputes from the financial crisis
- The issue centers on mortgage securities sales

Now let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: - "North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776"
   - This refers to the United States as a country/geographic entity
   - Synonyms: United States, United States of America, America, the States, US

2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: - "the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare"
   - This refers to the United States Army
   - Synonyms: United States Army, US Army, Army

In the context, "the USA" refers to the country/geographic location where Deutsche Bank faces a fine. This is clearly referring to the United States as a country, not the Army. The sentence talks about Deutsche Bank paying a fine "in the USA" - this is a geographic/jurisdictional reference to the United States as a nation-state.

The correct sense is sense 1 (usa%1:15:00::), which is the North American republic/country.

The index would be 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dollar
Target surface form: dollars
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million <t>dollars</t> (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dollar%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents
2. sense_key=dollar%1:21:00:: | definition=a piece of paper money worth one dollar | synonyms=dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam
3. sense_key=dollar%1:21:01:: | definition=a United States coin worth one dollar | examples=the dollar coin has never been popular in the United States
4. sense_key=dollar%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol of commercialism or greed | synonyms=dollar mark, dollar sign | examples=he worships the almighty dollar; the dollar sign means little to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "dollars" in this sentence:

"Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis."

The context shows:
- A specific monetary amount: "145 million dollars"
- An equivalence given: "106 million Euros"
- This is referring to a fine/payment

Now let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=dollar%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents
   - This is the abstract monetary unit sense, referring to the currency itself

2. sense_key=dollar%1:21:00:: | definition=a piece of paper money worth one dollar | synonyms=dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam
   - This refers to paper money/dollar bills specifically

3. sense_key=dollar%1:21:01:: | definition=a United States coin worth one dollar | examples=the dollar coin has never been popular in the United States
   - This refers to dollar coins specifically

4. sense_key=dollar%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol of commercialism or greed | synonyms=dollar mark, dollar sign | examples=he worships the almighty dollar; the dollar sign means little to him
   - This is metaphorical, referring to money/wealth as a symbol

In the context of the sentence, we're talking about a monetary amount as currency. The phrase "145 million dollars" is referring to the US dollar currency unit. This is most clearly sense 1, which defines "the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents" - the monetary unit itself.

Sense 2 and 3 are too specific (paper money vs coins) - the context doesn't specify which form.
The metaphorical sense doesn't apply here. The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dispute
Target surface form: disputes
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle <t>disputes</t> arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dispute%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=difference, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
2. sense_key=dispute%1:04:00:: | definition=coming into conflict with | synonyms=contravention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "disputes" in this context refers to disagreements or conflicts about the sale of mortgage securities and the bankruptcy. The bank is settling these disputes through a financial payment, which aligns with sense 1: "a disagreement or argument about something important." This is a standard usage where multiple parties have conflicting positions that need to be resolved.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "disputes" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis."

Let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1 (dispute%1:10:00::): "a disagreement or argument about something important" with synonyms like "difference, difference of opinion, conflict"

2. Sense 2 (dispute%1:04:00::): "coming into conflict with" with the synonym "contravention"

In the context, "disputes arising from the bankruptcy" refers to disagreements or conflicts about the sale of mortgage securities. The bank is settling these disputes with a payment of 145 million dollars.

This fits sense 1 much better - it refers to disagreements/conflicts about something (the mortgage securities and the bankruptcy). The disputes are things that need to be settled through a financial payment.

Sense 2 "coming into conflict with" would be about actively conflicting with something, which doesn't fit the passive usage here where disputes are things to be settled.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bankruptcy
Target surface form: bankruptcy
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the <t>bankruptcy</t> of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of complete lack of some abstract property | examples=spiritual bankruptcy; moral bankruptcy
2. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:00:: | definition=inability to discharge all your debts as they come due | synonyms=failure | examples=the company had to declare bankruptcy; fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks
3. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:04:00:: | definition=a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes credit unions that were unable to pay their debts during the financial crisis. The phrase "bankruptcy of five major credit unions" refers to their financial inability to discharge debts as they came due—not an abstract metaphorical lack (sense 1), and while a legal process may have been involved, the sentence is primarily about the financial condition that occurred, matching sense 2's definition of inability to discharge debts as they come due.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "bankruptcy" is being used.

The sentence reads: "Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis."

Now let me examine the three candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "a state of complete lack of some abstract property" - examples include spiritual bankruptcy, moral bankruptcy. This is clearly a metaphorical/abstract use of bankruptcy.

2. Sense 2: "inability to discharge all your debts as they come due" - examples include "the company had to declare bankruptcy; fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks". This refers to the financial state where debts cannot be paid.

3. Sense 3: "a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent" - This refers to the formal legal procedure/process of bankruptcy.

In the context, the passage is discussing credit unions that experienced bankruptcy during the financial crisis. The bankruptcy of five major credit unions is being mentioned in a factual, financial context. These credit unions were unable to pay their debts and likely went through formal bankruptcy proceedings.

The most appropriate sense would be either Sense 2 or Sense 3.

Sense 2 focuses on the financial state - inability to discharge debts. This is clearly what happened to the credit unions.

Sense 3 focuses on the legal process - the formal procedure for handling insolvency.

In the context given, "the bankruptcy of five major credit unions" seems to refer to the actual financial/legal event that occurred. Given that the passage mentions this in relation to disputes that Deutsche Bank is settling, this suggests a real bankruptcy event happened. While the sense could refer to either the state (Sense 2) or the process (Sense 3), Sense 3's reference to it as "a legal process" seems most fitting in this context where we're discussing what happened to these institutions during the financial crisis.
Sense 2 captures the core situation—these credit unions couldn't meet their obligations. But Sense 3 better fits the formal event referenced here, since the disputes Deutsche Bank is settling likely stem from the actual legal bankruptcy proceedings these institutions underwent.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The <t>issue</t> centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates that "issue" refers to a disputed matter that needs to be settled. The passage discusses a fine to settle disputes, accusations of misconduct, and states that "The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities" - establishing it as the central disputed question requiring resolution. This aligns perfectly with sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense of "issue" in this passage.

The sentence is: "The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities."

Context clues:
- This is about a dispute/settlement regarding mortgage securities
- The National Credit Union Administration accuses banks of misleading credit unions
- There's a discussion about problems and disputes
- The word "centres on" suggests something that is being focused on or discussed

Let me look at each sense:

1. "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" - This fits well. The issue is the disputed question about the mortgage securities sales and the accusations.

2. "one of a series published periodically" - Doesn't fit. This isn't about a magazine or publication series.

3. "some situation or event that is thought about" - This could fit as a general topic/subject being discussed.

4. "the act of providing an item for general use" - Doesn't fit. Not about issuing supplies.

5. "supplies issued by the government" - Doesn't fit.

6. "income or profit arising from transactions" - Doesn't fit well.

7. "consequence, effect, outcome, result" - Could fit in the sense that the issue/controversy is a result of something.

8. "immediate descendants" - Doesn't fit.

9. "the becoming visible" - Doesn't fit.

10. "an opening that permits escape" - Doesn't fit.

11. "the act of issuing printed materials" - Doesn't fit.

The best fit is sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled". The context is about a dispute that needs to be settled, and the issue "centres on" the sale of mortgage securities - meaning this is the disputed question that is central to the settlement discussion.

Sense 3 could work as a general meaning of "topic/subject" but sense 1 is more specific and precise given the legal/dispute context.
The answer is sense index 1 - the definition of an important disputed question requiring settlement aligns perfectly with the legal dispute over mortgage securities at the heart of this case.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sale
Target surface form: sale
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the <t>sale</t> of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sale%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular instance of selling | examples=he has just made his first sale; they had to complete the sale before the banks closed
2. sense_key=sale%1:04:02:: | definition=the general activity of selling | examples=they tried to boost sales; laws limit the sale of handguns
3. sense_key=sale%1:04:01:: | definition=an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices | synonyms=cut-rate sale, sales event | examples=they held a sale to reduce their inventory; I got some great bargains at their annual sale
4. sense_key=sale%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling | examples=you'll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies; the new line of cars will soon be on sale
5. sense_key=sale%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer) | synonyms=sales agreement | examples=the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context discusses disputes centered on "the sale of mortgage securities" - referring to the general activity and practice of selling mortgage securities to credit unions. This aligns with sense 2, which defines "sale" as the general activity of selling (with examples like "laws limit the sale of handguns"). The passage is concerned with the selling activity/practice itself rather than a single transaction instance or a discounted sale event.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "sale" in the sentence: "The issue centres on the <t>sale</t> of mortgage securities."

The context is about Deutsche Bank settling disputes related to the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration accuses banks of using false promises to mislead credit unions into buying financial products.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=sale%1:04:00:: - "a particular instance of selling" (he has just made his first sale; they had to complete the sale before the banks closed)
   - This refers to a specific transaction of selling something

2. sense_key=sale%1:04:02:: - "the general activity of selling" (they tried to boost sales; laws limit the sale of handguns)
   - This refers to selling as a general activity or category of activity

3. sense_key=sale%1:04:01:: - "an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices" (they held a sale to reduce their inventory; I got some great bargains at their annual sale)
   - This is specifically about discounted selling events

4. sense_key=sale%1:26:00:: - "the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling" (you'll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies; the new line of cars will soon be on sale)
   - This is about something being available for purchase

5. sense_key=sale%1:10:00:: - "an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money" (the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office)
   - This is a legal/contractual agreement for the transfer of property

In the context "The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities," we're talking about the act of selling or the transaction of selling mortgage securities. The banks sold (or are accused of having sold) mortgage securities to credit unions.
The phrasing points toward sense 2—the broader activity of selling mortgage securities rather than a single transaction. The dispute centers on the selling activity itself and how it was conducted.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: regulator
Target surface form: regulator
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market <t>regulator</t>, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=regulator%1:06:00:: | definition=any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.
2. sense_key=regulator%1:18:00:: | definition=an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest
3. sense_key=regulator%1:06:01:: | definition=a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel) | synonyms=governor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly indicates that the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is an organizational body responsible for supervision and control of financial market activities. This aligns with sense 2, which defines a regulator as "an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest." Senses 1 and 3 refer to mechanical or physical devices for controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, or speed—which are not relevant in this financial/administrative context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "regulator" in this text.

The sentence reads: "The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market <t>regulator</t>, accuses a string of major banks..."

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc." - This is about mechanical/physical devices that control physical processes like fluid flow or temperature.

2. Sense 2: "an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest" - This is about an organization or official body that oversees and regulates an activity or sector.

3. Sense 3: "a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel)" - This is about a specific mechanical device, similar to sense 1 but more specific about speed control.

In the context, the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is described as "a financial market regulator." This is clearly referring to an organization that regulates and supervises financial markets and institutions. The NCUA is a government agency responsible for oversight of credit unions.

This is not about mechanical devices (senses 1 or 3), but rather about an official/governmental body that supervises financial activities.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit: "an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest"

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: string
Target surface form: string
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a <t>string</t> of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=string%1:06:00:: | definition=a lightweight cord | synonyms=twine
2. sense_key=string%1:06:05:: | definition=stringed instruments that are played with a bow | synonyms=bowed stringed instrument | examples=the strings played superlatively well
3. sense_key=string%1:06:03:: | definition=a tightly stretched cord of wire or gut, which makes sound when plucked, struck, or bowed
4. sense_key=string%1:14:00:: | definition=a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding | synonyms=train | examples=a string of islands; train of mourners
5. sense_key=string%1:10:00:: | definition=a linear sequence of symbols (characters or words or phrases)
6. sense_key=string%1:06:01:: | definition=a tie consisting of a cord that goes through a seam around an opening | synonyms=drawstring, drawing string | examples=he pulled the drawstring and closed the bag
7. sense_key=string%1:27:00:: | definition=a tough piece of fiber in vegetables, meat, or other food (especially the tough fibers connecting the two halves of a bean pod)
8. sense_key=string%1:17:00:: | definition=(cosmology) a hypothetical one-dimensional subatomic particle having a concentration of energy and the dynamic properties of a flexible loop | synonyms=cosmic string
9. sense_key=string%1:06:04:: | definition=a collection of objects threaded on a single strand
10. sense_key=string%1:06:02:: | definition=a necklace made by a stringing objects together | synonyms=chain, strand | examples=a string of beads; a strand of pearls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context describes "a string of major banks" accused of misconduct. This uses "string" to mean a sequentially ordered set or series of entities—multiple banks grouped together. This matches sense 4's definition of "a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding," which is directly paralleled in the example "a string of islands."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "string" in this sentence:

"The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a <t>string</t> of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products."

The context is discussing multiple major banks that are accused of misconduct. The word "string" is describing a group or sequence of banks.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=string%1:06:00:: | definition=a lightweight cord | synonyms=twine
   - This is about physical cord, not relevant.

2. sense_key=string%1:06:05:: | definition=stringed instruments that are played with a bow | synonyms=bowed stringed instrument
   - This is about musical instruments, not relevant.

3. sense_key=string%1:06:03:: | definition=a tightly stretched cord of wire or gut, which makes sound when plucked, struck, or bowed
   - This is about musical instruments, not relevant.

4. sense_key=string%1:14:00:: | definition=a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding | synonyms=train | examples=a string of islands; train of mourners
   - This describes a sequence of things/events. The context mentions "a string of major banks" - this is clearly describing a sequence or series of banks. The example "a string of islands" is very similar to "a string of banks."

5. sense_key=string%1:10:00:: | definition=a linear sequence of symbols (characters or words or phrases)
   - This is about symbols/words/phrases, not banks.

6. sense_key=string%1:06:01:: | definition=a tie consisting of a cord that goes through a seam around an opening
   - This is about physical cord, not relevant.

Sense 7 refers to objects physically threaded together, which doesn't apply here, and sense 8 about necklaces is similarly off-topic. The remaining options aren't applicable either. Sense 4 is the clear match—it captures the idea of multiple banks arranged in sequence, just like the provided example of "a string of islands." The answer is index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: banks
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major <t>banks</t> of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context makes it clear that "banks" refers to major financial institutions accused of misconduct with mortgage securities and credit unions. This matches sense 2 perfectly: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities." The synonyms "depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company" and the discussion of lending activities, mortgage securities, and the mention of Deutsche Bank all confirm this is the financial institution sense.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "banks" in the phrase "accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products."

Looking at the context:
- Deutsche Bank is a major financial institution
- The article discusses financial products, mortgage securities, credit unions, lending activities
- The phrase is "major banks" that are accused of misleading credit unions into buying financial products
- This is clearly about financial institutions

The candidate senses are:
1. Sloping land beside a body of water
2. A financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities - THIS IS THE BEST MATCH
3. A long ridge or pile
4. An arrangement of similar objects in a row
5. A supply or stock held in reserve
6. Funds held by a gambling house
7. A slope in a turn of a road/track
8. A container for keeping money at home
9. A building in which the business of banking is transacted
10. A flight maneuver

The word "banks" in this context refers to financial institutions. Looking at the senses:
- Sense 2 (bank%1:14:00::) defines it as "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" with synonyms like "depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company" and examples like "he cashed a check at the bank"

This is clearly the correct sense. The article is talking about major financial institutions (banks) that are accused of misconduct with mortgage securities and credit unions.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: promise
Target surface form: promises
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false <t>promises</t> to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=promise%1:10:00:: | definition=a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future
2. sense_key=promise%1:09:00:: | definition=grounds for feeling hopeful about the future | synonyms=hope | examples=there is little or no promise that he will recover

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes banks using "false promises to mislead credit unions into buying financial products." This refers to false verbal commitments or assurances made to the credit unions about the mortgage securities. The first sense, which defines promise as "a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future," is the appropriate match. The second sense (grounds for feeling hopeful) would not fit the phrase "false promises used to mislead."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "promises" is being used.

The sentence is: "The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false <t>promises</t> to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products."

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=promise%1:10:00:: | definition=a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future
   - This refers to a commitment or pledge someone makes to do something in the future
   - This fits perfectly with "false promises used to mislead" - they made commitments/claims that turned out to be false

2. sense_key=promise%1:09:00:: | definition=grounds for feeling hopeful about the future | synonyms=hope | examples=there is little or no promise that he will recover
   - This refers to grounds for hope or potential
   - This doesn't fit well with "false promises used to mislead"

In the context, the banks are accused of using "false promises" to mislead credit unions. This is clearly about making false verbal commitments or false claims about the mortgage securities. The banks promised something (that these securities would maintain value or had certain properties), and those promises were false.

This clearly matches sense 1: "a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future."

The sense index for this is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: value
Target surface form: value
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The <t>value</t> of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=value%1:09:00:: | definition=a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed | examples=the value assigned was 16 milliseconds
2. sense_key=value%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable | examples=the Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world
3. sense_key=value%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else | synonyms=economic value | examples=he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices
4. sense_key=value%1:07:01:: | definition=relative darkness or lightness of a color; -Joe Hing Lowe | examples=I establish the colors and principal values by organizing the painting into three values--dark, medium...and light
5. sense_key=value%1:28:00:: | definition=(music) the relative duration of a musical note | synonyms=time value, note value
6. sense_key=value%1:09:01:: | definition=an ideal accepted by some individual or group | examples=he has old-fashioned values

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes the monetary worth of mortgage securities that "dropped dramatically during the financial crisis." This is clearly referring to the economic value or price of the securities—the amount of money they represented. Sense 3 ("the amount of money or goods or services that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else") with the synonym "economic value" is the best fit for this usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "value" in this sentence:

"The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions."

The sentence is talking about the monetary worth or price of the mortgage securities. After the financial crisis, these securities lost their worth/value, and this caused the credit unions to fail.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=value%1:09:00:: | definition=a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed
   - This is about numerical quantities in general, not specifically about monetary worth

2. sense_key=value%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable
   - This is about the inherent quality or desirability of something

3. sense_key=value%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else | synonyms=economic value
   - This is about the monetary worth or economic equivalent - this fits perfectly with "the value of the securities dropped"

4. sense_key=value%1:07:01:: | definition=relative darkness or lightness of a color
   - This is about colors, not relevant here

5. sense_key=value%1:28:00:: | definition=(music) the relative duration of a musical note
   - This is about music, not relevant here

6. sense_key=value%1:09:01:: | definition=an ideal accepted by some individual or group
   - This is about ideals or principles, not relevant here

The context clearly indicates we're talking about the monetary worth of financial securities. Sense 3 is the best fit, as it explicitly mentions "the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else" with synonym "economic value".

This aligns precisely with how the securities' economic worth deteriorated during the crisis.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: security
Target surface form: securities
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the <t>securities</t> dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being free from danger or injury | examples=we support the armed services in the name of national security
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: | definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=protection | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: | definition=freedom from anxiety or fear | examples=the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: | definition=a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: | definition=property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation | synonyms=surety | examples=bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: | definition=a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers | synonyms=security department | examples=the head of security was a former policeman
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: | definition=a guarantee that an obligation will be met | synonyms=surety
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: | definition=an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in | synonyms=security system, security measure
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: | definition=measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. | synonyms=security measures | examples=military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "securities" is being used.

In the passage, the text states:
"The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products."

The context makes it clear that:
1. This is about mortgage securities (financial instruments)
2. Banks were selling these to credit unions
3. These are "financial products"
4. The value of these securities dropped during the financial crisis
5. These are things that can be bought and sold in a financial market

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: - about being free from danger (not relevant)
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: - defense against financial failure (not what this is about)
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: - freedom from anxiety (not relevant)
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: - "a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends" with example "he held several valuable securities"
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: - property that creditor can claim (not what this is about)
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: - department responsible for security (not relevant)
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: - a guarantee of obligation (not the right sense)
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: - electrical device (not relevant)
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: - measures against theft (not relevant)

The best match is clearly sense 4: "a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends".

This sense encompasses financial instruments like stocks, bonds, and mortgages—exactly what the passage describes. The example of holding valuable securities aligns perfectly with credit unions purchasing and holding these mortgage securities.

The answer is sense_index: 4


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crisis
Target surface form: crisis
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial <t>crisis</t> and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to "the financial crisis" as a period of economic instability and danger during which securities values dropped dramatically and credit unions failed. This matches sense 1, which defines crisis as "an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty," with the supporting example "they went bankrupt during the economic crisis." The text is describing the acute financial distress and systemic difficulty of the financial crisis period, not a turning point (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "crisis" is being used.

The sentence in question: "The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions."

The broader context discusses:
- Deutsche Bank paying a fine for disputes from the bankruptcy of credit unions
- The bankruptcy occurred "during the financial crisis"
- This is explicitly called "the financial crisis" - referring to the 2008 financial crisis
- The text explains that securities values dropped dramatically during this period

Now let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. "an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty" - with example "they went bankrupt during the economic crisis"
   - This defines crisis as a state of extreme danger/difficulty
   - The example specifically uses "economic crisis" in context of bankruptcy
   - This is about a widespread, acute condition of danger

2. "a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something" - with examples "after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better"
   - This defines crisis as a critical turning point
   - The example is medical - a point where outcome becomes clear
   - This is about a pivotal moment

In the context of "the financial crisis," this clearly refers to the 2008 financial crisis - a widespread, acute condition of economic danger and difficulty. The text is describing the period of extreme economic danger when financial institutions failed. This is not describing a turning point per se, but rather the unstable situation of extreme danger itself.

Sense 1 with its definition "an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty" and its example about "economic crisis" directly matches the usage here.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the <t>issue</t> without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "issue" in this context refers to "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled." The surrounding text makes this clear: Deutsche Bank "will pay 145 million dollars...to settle disputes," and the spokesman states "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court." The "issue" is the disputed matter regarding the sale of misleading mortgage securities that required settlement to resolve. This directly aligns with sense 1's definition of a disputed matter requiring settlement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "issue" in this sentence:

"We are happy to have resolved the <t>issue</t> without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York.

The context is about:
- A dispute/conflict between Deutsche Bank and the NCUA regarding misleading sale of mortgage securities
- The sentence mentions "settlement" and "disputes arising from the bankruptcy"
- The word "issue" refers to something that needs to be resolved/settled

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" - This fits well. The issue is the dispute about the mortgage securities that needed to be settled in court.

2. "one of a series published periodically" - This is about magazines/publications, not relevant here.

3. "some situation or event that is thought about" - This is generic and could apply, but it's less specific than sense 1.

4. "the act of providing an item for general use" - Not relevant, this is about issuing items.

5. "supplies issued by government" - Not relevant.

6. "income or profit arising from transactions" - Not relevant.

7. "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - This could fit as a consequence, but doesn't capture the dispute aspect.

8. "the immediate descendants of a person" - Not relevant.

9. "the becoming visible" - Not relevant.

10. "an opening that permits escape or release" - Not relevant.

11. "the act of issuing printed materials" - Not relevant.

The best fit is sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled." This directly matches the context where there's a dispute that has been "resolved" through a settlement agreement. The phrase "the issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities" and "We are happy to have resolved the issue" strongly suggests this sense about a disputed matter that needs settling.
Sense 1 is clearly the right answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new_york
Target surface form: New York
Context:
Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in <t>New York</t>. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new_york%1:15:01:: | definition=the largest city in New York State and in the United States; located in southeastern New York at the mouth of the Hudson river; a major financial and cultural center | synonyms=New York City, Greater New York
2. sense_key=new_york%1:15:00:: | definition=a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies | synonyms=New York State, Empire State, NY
3. sense_key=new_york%1:15:02:: | definition=one of the British colonies that formed the United States

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a Deutsche Bank spokesman making a statement about a financial settlement. Deutsche Bank, as a major financial institution, would have significant operations in New York City, the largest financial and cultural center in the United States. The phrase "a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York" refers to the city where the bank maintains offices and conducts business, not the state. This matches sense 1 (New York City), which is the appropriate sense for locating a business representative in a major financial center.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York". The spokesman is located in New York and made a statement about the settlement.

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=new_york%1:15:01:: - the largest city in New York State and in the United States; located in southeastern New York at the mouth of the Hudson river; a major financial and cultural center. Synonyms: New York City, Greater New York

2. sense_key=new_york%1:15:00:: - a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies. Synonyms: New York State, Empire State, NY

3. sense_key=new_york%1:15:02:: - one of the British colonies that formed the United States

In the context, a Deutsche Bank spokesman is located "in New York". Deutsche Bank is a major financial institution, and they would likely have a significant presence in New York City given it's a major financial center. The sentence is about a settlement related to the USA operations.

The phrase "a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York" suggests a person is located in a place. Deutsche Bank would have offices in New York City, which is the major financial center in the USA. This points to sense 1 (New York City).

Sense 2 would refer to the state of New York, but typically when we say someone is "in New York" without qualification in a business context about a major bank, we usually mean the city (New York City).

Sense 3 refers to a historical period and is not relevant here.

The best answer is sense 1, which refers to New York City.