[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: manager
Target surface form: manager
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on <t>manager</t> bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=manager%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=director, managing director
2. sense_key=manager%1:18:01:: | definition=(sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team | synonyms=coach, handler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes restrictions on "manager bonuses" in banks following government bailouts. This refers to bank managers/executives who control resources and expenditures within financial institutions, matching sense 1. Sense 2 (sports coach) is clearly not applicable to this banking context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine which sense of "manager" is being used.

The context is about US banks repaying state support. The sentence containing "manager" says:
"The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."

So we're talking about "limits on manager bonuses" in the context of banks.

Let me look at the two senses:

1. sense_key=manager%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=director, managing director
   - This refers to someone who manages/controls resources and expenditures
   - This would be an executive or director at a bank who controls resources and makes spending decisions

2. sense_key=manager%1:18:01:: | definition=(sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team | synonyms=coach, handler
   - This is specifically about sports
   - This is about training athletes or teams
   - This doesn't fit the context at all

In the context of banks restricting bonuses on "managers," we're clearly talking about bank managers/executives who control resources and expenditures - not sports coaches or handlers.

The phrase "limits on manager bonuses" refers to executives or managers in the banking context who earn bonuses. These are people who control resources and expenditures.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bonus
Target surface form: bonuses
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager <t>bonuses</t> and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bonus%1:09:00:: | definition=anything that tends to arouse | synonyms=fillip | examples=his approval was an added fillip
2. sense_key=bonus%1:21:00:: | definition=an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output | synonyms=incentive

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly indicates that "bonuses" refers to additional compensation or remuneration paid to bank managers. The passage states that banks want to free themselves from "limits on manager bonuses," which is a restriction on executive compensation packages. This matches Sense 2, which defines bonus as "an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output." Sense 1, referring to something that stimulates or arouses interest generally, does not fit this specific context about employee compensation restrictions.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "bonuses" is being used.

The sentence is: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."

Context clues:
1. This is about banks repaying state support
2. The restrictions include "limits on manager bonuses"
3. Bonuses are mentioned alongside "high charges" as restrictions that banks want to free themselves from
4. This is clearly referring to compensation paid to managers/employees

Let me examine the candidate senses:

Sense 1: "anything that tends to arouse" with synonym "fillip" and example "his approval was an added fillip"
- This is a very general sense meaning something that stimulates or encourages
- This doesn't fit the context about bank manager compensation restrictions

Sense 2: "an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output" with synonym "incentive"
- This specifically refers to extra payments to employees
- This directly matches the context of "limits on manager bonuses" - these are compensation packages for managers
- The phrase "means of increasing output" makes sense in the context of employee incentives

The answer is clearly Sense 2 (sense_index: 2), as it refers to additional compensation to employees, which is exactly what bank bonuses are in this context.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: charge
Target surface form: charges
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high <t>charges</t>. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=charge%1:04:01:: | definition=an impetuous rush toward someone or something | examples=the wrestler's charge carried him past his adversary; the battle began with a cavalry charge
2. sense_key=charge%1:10:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense | synonyms=complaint | examples=he was arrested on a charge of larceny
3. sense_key=charge%1:21:02:: | definition=the price charged for some article or service | examples=the admission charge
4. sense_key=charge%1:19:00:: | definition=the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons | synonyms=electric charge | examples=the battery needed a fresh charge
5. sense_key=charge%1:04:00:: | definition=attention and management implying responsibility for safety | synonyms=care, tutelage, guardianship | examples=he is in the care of a bodyguard
6. sense_key=charge%1:04:03:: | definition=a special assignment that is given to a person or group | synonyms=mission, commission | examples=a confidential mission to London; his charge was deliver a message
7. sense_key=charge%1:18:00:: | definition=a person committed to your care | examples=the teacher led her charges across the street
8. sense_key=charge%1:21:01:: | definition=financial liabilities (such as a tax) | examples=the charges against the estate
9. sense_key=charge%1:16:00:: | definition=(psychoanalysis) the libidinal energy invested in some idea or person or object | synonyms=cathexis | examples=Freud thought of cathexis as a psychic analog of an electrical charge
10. sense_key=charge%1:12:00:: | definition=the swift release of a store of affective force | synonyms=bang, boot, rush, flush, thrill, kick | examples=they got a great bang out of it; what a boot!
11. sense_key=charge%1:10:03:: | definition=request for payment of a debt | synonyms=billing | examples=they submitted their charges at the end of each month
12. sense_key=charge%1:10:01:: | definition=a formal statement of a command or injunction to do something | synonyms=commission, direction | examples=the judge's charge to the jury
13. sense_key=charge%1:10:04:: | definition=an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence | synonyms=accusation | examples=the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving
14. sense_key=charge%1:06:01:: | definition=heraldry consisting of a design or image depicted on a shield | synonyms=bearing, heraldic bearing, armorial bearing
15. sense_key=charge%1:06:00:: | definition=a quantity of explosive to be set off at one time | synonyms=burster, bursting charge, explosive charge | examples=this cartridge has a powder charge of 50 grains

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

The word "charges" in this context refers to financial costs or fees that the banks must pay as part of the state support restrictions. The phrase "the paying of high charges" indicates recurring payments or billing obligations, which matches sense 11: "request for payment of a debt" with the synonym "billing" and the example "they submitted their charges at the end of each month."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "charges" appears:

"The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high <t>charges</t>."

The context is about banks trying to free themselves from state restrictions. They mention:
1. Limits on manager bonuses
2. The paying of high charges

This is clearly in a financial context where "charges" refers to costs or fees that banks have to pay.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. An impetuous rush - No, doesn't fit
2. Criminal pleading/complaint - No, not relevant
3. "the price charged for some article or service" with example "the admission charge" - This could fit, as it refers to prices/fees
4. Quantity of electricity - No
5. Care/responsibility - No
6. Special assignment - No
7. Person under care - No
8. "financial liabilities (such as a tax)" with examples "the charges against the estate" - This fits well! It's about financial obligations
9. Psychoanalytic term - No
10. Affective release - No
11. "request for payment of a debt" with synonyms billing and examples about monthly charges - This fits very well too!
12. Judge's instruction - No
13. Accusation - No
14. Heraldry - No
15. Explosive quantity - No

Between senses 3, 8, and 11:
- Sense 3 talks about "the price charged" - general charges/prices
- Sense 8 talks about "financial liabilities" - with example about charges against an estate
- Sense 11 talks about "request for payment of a debt" with example "they submitted their charges at the end of each month" - this is explicitly about billing/payment requests
- The phrase "paying of high charges" indicates these are recurring costs or bills that institutions must settle, which aligns most directly with sense 11's focus on billing and payment requests rather than general financial liabilities.

The answer should be sense 11.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: loan
Target surface form: loans
Context:
US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible <t>loans</t>. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loan%1:21:00:: | definition=the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)
2. sense_key=loan%1:10:00:: | definition=a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English | synonyms=loanword

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "loans" in this context refers to financial instruments through which Bank of America raised money from investors. This clearly matches sense 1: "the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)" - referring to convertible debt securities. Sense 2 (loanword, borrowed from another language) is not applicable in this financial context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "loans" is being used.

The sentence is: "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans."

Looking at the context:
- Bank of America raised money from investors
- They used "convertible loans" as a mechanism
- The article is about banks repaying state support and obtaining financing

The two candidate senses are:
1. The temporary provision of money (usually at interest) - This is the financial/lending sense
2. A word borrowed from another language - This is the linguistic sense (loanword)

In this context, "convertible loans" clearly refers to a financial instrument - a type of debt security that can be converted into equity. This is unambiguously about borrowing money, not about borrowing words from another language.

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1: "the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)"

Since the instructions say to return the sense_index, and sense 1 is the first candidate sense listed, I should return sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rest
Target surface form: rest
Context:
The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The <t>rest</t> of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rest%1:24:00:: | definition=something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest
2. sense_key=rest%1:04:00:: | definition=freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility) | synonyms=ease, repose, relaxation | examples=took his repose by the swimming pool
3. sense_key=rest%1:28:00:: | definition=a pause for relaxation | synonyms=respite, relief, rest period | examples=people actually accomplish more when they take time for short rests
4. sense_key=rest%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of inaction | examples=a body will continue in a state of rest until acted upon
5. sense_key=rest%1:26:01:: | definition=euphemisms for death (based on an analogy between lying in a bed and in a tomb) | synonyms=eternal rest, sleep, eternal sleep, quietus | examples=she was laid to rest beside her husband; they had to put their family pet to sleep
6. sense_key=rest%1:06:00:: | definition=a support on which things can be put | examples=the gun was steadied on a special rest
7. sense_key=rest%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "rest" in this context means "the remaining part of the amount" after USD 19 billion was raised from investors. This matches sense 1, which defines "rest" as "something left after other parts have been taken away" (remainder, balance). The synonyms "remainder" and "residue" and the example "he threw away the rest" all support this interpretation.

reasoning_content:
The context is about Bank of America repaying USD 45 billion. They raised USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans, and the rest of the amount came from their own resources (kitty - savings/reserves).

In this sentence: "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty..."

The word "rest" here means "the remaining part" or "the remainder" of the amount. Out of the total 45 billion, 19 billion came from investors, and the rest (the remaining amount) came from their own kitty.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "something left after other parts have been taken away" - remainder, balance, residual, residue - This fits perfectly. "The rest of the amount" means the remaining portion.
2. freedom from activity - No, doesn't fit
3. a pause for relaxation - No, doesn't fit
4. a state of inaction - No, doesn't fit
5. euphemisms for death - No, doesn't fit
6. a support on which things can be put - No, doesn't fit
7. a musical notation - No, doesn't fit

Sense 1 is clearly the correct answer. It's the definition for "remainder" or "the remainder/rest of something."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: amount
Target surface form: amount
Context:
The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the <t>amount</t> was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=amount%1:21:00:: | definition=a quantity of money | synonyms=sum, sum of money, amount of money | examples=he borrowed a large sum; the amount he had in cash was insufficient
2. sense_key=amount%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion | examples=an adequate amount of food for four people
3. sense_key=amount%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=measure, quantity
4. sense_key=amount%1:09:00:: | definition=a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers | synonyms=sum, total

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "amount" in this text.

The sentence is: "The rest of the <t>amount</t> was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units."

The context discusses Bank of America repaying TARP support "in the amount USD 45 billion" and then "The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty..."

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=amount%1:21:00:: | definition=a quantity of money | synonyms=sum, sum of money, amount of money
   - This is specifically about money. The context mentions "USD 45 billion" and "USD 19 billion from investors" - so money is involved.

2. sense_key=amount%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion
   - This is about relative magnitude, not a specific quantity of money

3. sense_key=amount%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=measure, quantity
   - This is a general sense about quantity

4. sense_key=amount%1:09:00:: | definition=a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers | synonyms=sum, total
   - This is specifically about the result of addition

In the context "The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty" - the amount being discussed is the money (USD 45 billion) that was needed to be repaid. The text earlier states "in the amount USD 45 billion" which is explicitly about a quantity of money.

This is clearly sense 1 - "a quantity of money". The context is about financial transactions, money repayment, and specifically USD amounts.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sale
Target surface form: sale
Context:
The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the <t>sale</t> of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sale%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular instance of selling | examples=he has just made his first sale; they had to complete the sale before the banks closed
2. sense_key=sale%1:04:02:: | definition=the general activity of selling | examples=they tried to boost sales; laws limit the sale of handguns
3. sense_key=sale%1:04:01:: | definition=an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices | synonyms=cut-rate sale, sales event | examples=they held a sale to reduce their inventory; I got some great bargains at their annual sale
4. sense_key=sale%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling | examples=you'll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies; the new line of cars will soon be on sale
5. sense_key=sale%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer) | synonyms=sales agreement | examples=the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes Bank of America raising money "through the sale of business units." This refers to a specific transaction or instance of selling those business units to raise capital, which matches sense 1 (a particular instance of selling) rather than the general activity of selling, a discount event, or the state of being purchasable.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "sale" is being used.

The relevant sentence is: "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the <t>sale</t> of business units."

The context indicates that Bank of America filled its financial reserves through the sale of business units. This means they sold their business units to raise money.

Let me examine each sense:

1. **sense_key=sale%1:04:00::**: "a particular instance of selling" - This refers to a specific selling transaction. The context is about selling business units, which could be a particular instance of selling.

2. **sense_key=sale%1:04:02::**: "the general activity of selling" - This refers to selling in general as an activity, not a specific transaction.

3. **sense_key=sale%1:04:01::**: "an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices" - This is about discount sales events, which doesn't fit the context. The sale of business units is not about special reduced prices.

4. **sense_key=sale%1:26:00::**: "the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling" - This is about something being available for purchase, which doesn't fit this context.

5. **sense_key=sale%1:10:00::**: "an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money" - This refers to the contractual transfer of property/business units for money.

The best fit is sense 1 (a particular instance of selling) or sense 5 (the agreement/contract of selling). The context is talking about raising money from the sale of business units, which is a specific transaction where property (business units) is transferred for money. This sounds more like sense 5 (the agreement/contract) or sense 1 (a particular instance).
Looking at the phrase more closely, "through the sale of business units" emphasizes the actual transaction of selling those units to generate cash. Sense 1 captures this better than sense 5, which focuses on the legal agreement aspect. The most fitting interpretation is sense 1 - a particular instance of selling.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: Bank
Context:
On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. <t>Bank</t> head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly refers to Bank of America as a financial institution that accepts deposits and engages in lending activities. The passage discusses the institution's repayment of government support (TARP), its leadership (bank head Kenneth Lewis), and its business operations (taking over Merrill Lynch). This matches sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "Bank" in this passage.

Looking at the context:
- "Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP"
- "Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support"
- "Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks"
- "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch"

This is clearly referring to "Bank of America" - a financial institution. The passage discusses:
1. A financial institution accepting government support (TARP)
2. Repaying state funds
3. A bank head (Kenneth Lewis, who was CEO of Bank of America)
4. The bank's business activities like taking over other banks

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Sloping land beside water - Not relevant
2. "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" with examples "he cashed a check at the bank" - THIS MATCHES
3. A long ridge or pile - Not relevant
4. An arrangement of similar objects - Not relevant
5. A supply held in reserve - Not relevant
6. Gambling house funds - Not relevant
7. A slope in a road/track - Not relevant
8. A container for saving money - Not relevant
9. "a building in which the business of banking transacted" - This could work, but it's more specific to the building itself
10. A flight maneuver - Not relevant

Sense 2 (bank%1:14:00::) is the most appropriate. It's a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels money into lending activities. The entire passage is about Bank of America as a financial institution.

Sense 9 could also work (the building where banking is done), but sense 2 is more comprehensive and better captures the institutional meaning in this context.
The correct answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The <t>bank</t> overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense for "bank" in this passage.

The context is about:
- Citigroup and Bank of America
- Financial institutions accepting state support
- Repaying government assistance
- Manager bonuses and restrictions
- Kenneth Lewis (Bank of America's head)
- The bank overstretched by taking over Merrill Lynch
- Raising cash on the capital market

The target sentence is: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."

This is clearly referring to Bank of America as a financial institution. The passage discusses:
- Financial restrictions
- State support/government assistance
- Capital markets
- Investment banking activities
- The bank's operations and acquisitions

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. Sloping land beside water - not relevant
2. A financial institution that accepts deposits and channels money into lending activities - THIS FITS
3. A long ridge or pile - not relevant
4. An arrangement of similar objects in a row - not relevant
5. A supply or stock held in reserve - not relevant (though "kitty" earlier might relate to this, but the target is "bank")
6. The funds held by a gambling house - not relevant
7. A slope in a road/track - not relevant
8. A container for keeping money at home - not relevant
9. A building in which banking business is transacted - could fit, but the passage is about the institution itself, not the building
10. An aircraft flight maneuver - not relevant

The best fit is sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" with synonyms like "depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company."

This is the clear institutional sense referring to the organization/company itself.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: height
Target surface form: height
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the <t>height</t> of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=height%1:07:00:: | definition=the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top | synonyms=tallness
2. sense_key=height%1:26:00:: | definition=the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development | synonyms=acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative | examples=his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty; the artist's gifts are at their acme
3. sense_key=height%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot | synonyms=stature
4. sense_key=height%1:07:02:: | definition=elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface | synonyms=altitude | examples=the altitude gave her a headache

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "height" here.

The sentence is: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."

The phrase "at the height of" is a common English expression meaning "at the peak/highest point of" something. In this context, it's referring to the most intense or critical point of the financial crisis.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=height%1:07:00:: - the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base to top (physical height)
2. sense_key=height%1:26:00:: - the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development (peak, acme, pinnacle)
3. sense_key=height%1:07:01:: - (of a standing person) the distance from head to foot (physical stature)
4. sense_key=height%1:07:02:: - elevation especially above sea level (altitude, physical elevation)

The context clearly indicates that "height" means the peak or climax of something temporal (the financial crisis). This is not about physical vertical measurement. Senses 1, 3, and 4 are all about physical/spatial height.

Sense 2 is the correct one - "the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development" with synonyms like "acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative". The phrase "at the height of the financial crisis" means "at the peak/climax of the financial crisis."

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crisis
Target surface form: crisis
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial <t>crisis</t> by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "crisis" in the context of "the height of the financial crisis" refers to an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty in the economic/financial system. This matches sense 1, which is explicitly exemplified by "they went bankrupt during the economic crisis" — directly parallel to the financial context of the passage describing the bank's difficulties during the economic downturn.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "crisis" is being used.

The context mentions:
- "financial crisis"
- It's about banks, financial institutions, and the economic downturn
- The bank "overstretched at the height of the financial crisis"
- It mentions Citigroup needing state support, bank bailouts, etc.

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1 (crisis%1:26:00::): "an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty" with example "they went bankrupt during the economic crisis"
   - This is about a period of extreme difficulty, danger, or instability in an economic/financial context
   - The example directly mentions "economic crisis" which is very similar to the "financial crisis" in the target sentence

2. Sense 2 (crisis%1:11:00::): "a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something" with example about a medical context
   - This refers to a critical turning point or stage in a process
   - The examples are medical (after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better)

In the given context, "crisis" refers to the "financial crisis" - an unstable situation of extreme danger and difficulty in the financial/economic system. This is clearly sense 1, which is defined as "an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty" with the example "they went bankrupt during the economic crisis."

The second sense about a "turning point" is more about a critical decision point or stage in a process, which doesn't fit as well with the financial context here.

Therefore, the answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: investment
Target surface form: investment
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the <t>investment</t> bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=investment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit | synonyms=investing
2. sense_key=investment%1:21:00:: | definition=money that is invested with an expectation of profit | synonyms=investment funds
3. sense_key=investment%1:07:00:: | definition=the commitment of something other than money (time, energy, or effort) to a project with the expectation of some worthwhile result | examples=this job calls for the investment of some hard thinking; he made an emotional investment in the work
4. sense_key=investment%1:05:00:: | definition=outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
5. sense_key=investment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting on robes or vestments
6. sense_key=investment%1:04:02:: | definition=the ceremonial act of clothing someone in the insignia of an office; the formal promotion of a person to an office or rank | synonyms=investiture

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

In this context, "investment bank" refers to a financial institution that specializes in investment activities (securities, underwriting, etc.). The word "investment" here describes the type of business the bank conducts, which is grounded in sense 1 - "the act of investing" - rather than referring to money itself (sense 2) or other non-financial commitments (sense 3). The senses related to clothing/vestments or biological coverings are not relevant.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "investment" in this passage.

The sentence is: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."

In this context, "investment bank" is a compound noun referring to a type of financial institution. The word "investment" here is being used as a modifier/adjective to describe the type of bank - specifically, a bank that specializes in investment activities.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit" - This refers to the action/process of investing. Could apply if "investment bank" means a bank for investing.

2. "money that is invested with an expectation of profit" - This refers to the actual money/capital that is invested, not the bank type itself.

3. "the commitment of something other than money (time, energy, or effort) to a project with the expectation of some worthwhile result" - This is about non-monetary commitments, doesn't fit.

4. "outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism" - This is biological/anatomical, doesn't fit.

5. "the act of putting on robes or vestments" - This is ceremonial/religious, doesn't fit.

6. "the ceremonial act of clothing someone in the insignia of an office" - This is about formal promotion, doesn't fit.

In the context of "investment bank Merrill Lynch," the term "investment bank" is a financial institution that engages in investment activities. This is a standard financial term.

Sense 1 fits best because it refers to "the act of investing" - an "investment bank" is a bank engaged in the business of investing (arranging investments, managing securities, etc.). The term is derived from the activity of investing.
The correct answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment <t>bank</t> Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The target word "bank" in the context refers to Bank of America as a **financial institution** that makes strategic decisions (taking over Merrill Lynch investment bank). The passage discusses the bank's actions during the financial crisis, its interactions with state support, and its financial activities. This matches sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities," which captures the organizational, institutional meaning of the word in this financial context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine the correct sense for "bank" in this sentence:

"The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."

Looking at the context:
- We're talking about Bank of America's actions during the financial crisis
- The subject "bank" is doing the action of "taking over" Merrill Lynch
- Merrill Lynch is referred to as an "investment bank"
- The entire passage is about financial institutions (Citigroup, Bank of America, Merrill Lynch)
- The passage discusses banker bonuses, capital markets, state support, etc.

This is clearly referring to a financial institution - a bank as an organization that conducts banking business.

Let me examine the candidate senses:
1. bank as sloping land - NOT relevant
2. bank as "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" - This is the organizational sense of a bank
3. bank as a long ridge or pile - NOT relevant
4. bank as an arrangement of similar objects - NOT relevant
5. bank as a supply or stock - Could fit metaphorically but less likely
6. bank as funds held by gambling house - NOT relevant
7. bank as slope in road/track - NOT relevant
8. bank as container for money at home - NOT relevant
9. bank as "a building in which the business of banking transacted" - This could fit but is more about the physical building
10. bank as aircraft maneuver - NOT relevant

Between sense 2 and sense 9:
- Sense 2: describes a bank as a financial institution/organization
- Sense 9: describes a bank as a building where banking business is transacted

The context is about "the bank" as an entity that makes decisions (overstretched, took over Merrill Lynch). This is the institutional sense, not just the physical building. Sense 2 fits better because it refers to the bank as a financial institution with activities, whereas sense 9 is just about the building.
The correct answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cash
Target surface form: cash
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise <t>cash</t> on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cash%1:21:00:: | definition=money in the form of bills or coins | synonyms=hard cash, hard currency | examples=there is a desperate shortage of hard cash
2. sense_key=cash%1:21:02:: | definition=prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check | synonyms=immediate payment
3. sense_key=cash%1:18:00:: | definition=United States country music singer and songwriter (1932-2003) | synonyms=Johnny Cash, John Cash

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "cash" in the context "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market" refers to money/liquid funds that the bank needs to obtain. This matches sense 1, which defines cash as "money in the form of bills or coins" - a general sense of monetary funds. The phrase "raise cash" is a standard financial expression meaning to obtain funds. Sense 2 (payment for goods/services) and sense 3 (Johnny Cash) do not fit the context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "cash" in the phrase "Citigroup also plans to raise <t>cash</t> on the capital market."

The context is about banks raising money/funds during the financial crisis. The phrase "raise cash on the capital market" means to obtain money/funds through the capital market.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=cash%1:21:00:: | definition=money in the form of bills or coins | synonyms=hard cash, hard currency | examples=there is a desperate shortage of hard cash

This refers to money in physical form (bills or coins). However, in the context of "raising cash on the capital market," we're not necessarily talking about physical bills and coins. Rather, we're talking about liquid funds or money in general.

2. sense_key=cash%1:21:02:: | definition=prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check | synonyms=immediate payment

This is specifically about payment for goods or services. The context here is about raising money/funds in general, not about payment for goods or services.

3. sense_key=cash%1:18:00:: | definition=United States country music singer and songwriter (1932-2003) | synonyms=Johnny Cash, John Cash

This is obviously about Johnny Cash the singer. This doesn't apply here.

Wait, let me reconsider. The first sense mentions "money in the form of bills or coins" but in modern financial contexts, "cash" often refers to liquid funds in general, not necessarily physical currency. However, sense_key=cash%1:21:00:: with the definition "money in the form of bills or coins" is still the most appropriate among the given options.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1, it says "money in the form of bills or coins" but the context of "raising cash on the capital market" suggests liquid funds in general. However, this is still the best fit compared to the other senses.
Sense 1 is the most fitting choice here, as it captures the broader meaning of money and funds that applies when a company raises capital through financial markets.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: liability
Target surface form: liabilities
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its <t>liabilities</t> with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=liability%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being legally obliged and responsible
2. sense_key=liability%1:26:00:: | definition=an obligation to pay money to another party | synonyms=indebtedness, financial obligation
3. sense_key=liability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being something that holds you back

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context indicates that Citigroup wants to "free itself from its liabilities with the state" by raising cash. This clearly refers to financial obligations the bank has to pay money to the state, particularly given the financial crisis and government bailout scenario. The synonyms "indebtedness, financial obligation" directly match the intended meaning in this passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "liabilities" is being used.

Context: "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state."

The sentence is talking about Citigroup raising cash to free itself from liabilities "with the state." This is in the context of a financial crisis and government intervention.

Let me look at the three senses:

1. sense_key=liability%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being legally obliged and responsible
   - This is about the state or condition of being legally obliged

2. sense_key=liability%1:26:00:: | definition=an obligation to pay money to another party | synonyms=indebtedness, financial obligation
   - This is specifically about a financial obligation to pay money to another party

3. sense_key=liability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being something that holds you back
   - This is a more metaphorical sense about being a hindrance

In the context "free itself from its liabilities with the state," the bank is trying to pay off or eliminate obligations, specifically financial obligations it has with the state. The synonyms "indebtedness, financial obligation" match perfectly with sense 2.

The phrase "free itself from" suggests they want to repay or eliminate these obligations, which supports the financial obligation interpretation (sense 2) rather than just being legally obliged (sense 1) or being a hindrance (sense 3).

The answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the <t>state</t>. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The word "state" in this context refers to the government as an institutional entity. The sentence discusses Citigroup's liabilities with "the state," clearly referring to the government (as evidenced by the discussion of government bailouts and taxpayer involvement earlier in the passage). Sense 3 ("the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state") best captures this meaning, as it denotes the governmental authority that a financial institution would have financial obligations to.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "state" is being used.

The relevant sentence is: "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the <t>state</t>."

This is about a bank (Citigroup) freeing itself from its liabilities with the state. Given the context of the financial crisis and government intervention (they received a "cash injection" from the "American taxpayer"), the "state" here refers to the government.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=state%1:15:01::** - the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation (like a US state)
2. **sense_key=state%1:03:00::** - the way something is with respect to its main attributes
3. **sense_key=state%1:14:01::** - the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state
4. **sense_key=state%1:14:00::** - a politically organized body of people under a single government
5. **sense_key=state%1:26:02::** - chemistry term about states of matter
6. **sense_key=state%1:26:01::** - a state of depression or agitation
7. **sense_key=state%1:15:00::** - the territory occupied by a nation
8. **sense_key=state%1:14:02::** - the federal department in the United States (State Department)

The phrase "liabilities with the state" is referring to obligations/debts that Citigroup has with the government. This is clearly about the government, not a US state territory.

The best fit is sense 3 (state%1:14:01::) - "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" - because it refers to the government as an entity that a bank can have financial liabilities with.

Sense 4 could also work, but sense 3 is more specific about the government aspect (the people comprising the government), which fits better with having "liabilities with the state."
Sense 3 is the correct answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US <t>bank</t> was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context is clearly about financial institutions and their operations during the financial crisis. Bank of America and Citigroup are being discussed in terms of their financial activities, capital raising, and lending operations. The target word "bank" refers to a financial institution that accepts deposits and conducts lending activities, which directly matches sense 2.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "bank" in this passage.

The passage is discussing Bank of America and Citigroup's financial activities during the financial crisis. The context mentions:
- "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors"
- "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch"
- "Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market"
- "the US bank was able to announce a capital increase"
- "A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment"

The target word "bank" appears in: "Already on Thursday, the US <t>bank</t> was able to announce a capital increase"

This is clearly referring to Citigroup, which is a financial institution. The context is all about banking operations, financial activities, raising capital, etc.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. Sloping land - not relevant
2. A financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities - THIS IS THE ONE
3. A long ridge or pile - not relevant
4. An arrangement of similar objects in a row - not relevant
5. A supply or stock held in reserve - not relevant
6. The funds held by a gambling house - not relevant
7. A slope in a turn of a road - not relevant
8. A container for keeping money at home - not relevant
9. A building in which banking is transacted - possible, but sense 2 is more direct
10. A flight maneuver - not relevant

The best sense is clearly sense 2, which defines a financial institution. The entire passage is about Bank of America and Citigroup (financial institutions) and their financial activities during the crisis.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capital
Target surface form: capital
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a <t>capital</t> increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capital%1:21:01:: | definition=assets available for use in the production of further assets | synonyms=working capital
2. sense_key=capital%1:21:00:: | definition=wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value
3. sense_key=capital%1:15:00:: | definition=a seat of government
4. sense_key=capital%1:10:00:: | definition=one of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis | synonyms=capital letter, uppercase, upper-case letter, majuscule | examples=printers once kept the type for capitals and for small letters in separate cases; capitals were kept in the upper half of the type case and so became known as upper-case letters
5. sense_key=capital%1:15:01:: | definition=a center that is associated more than any other with some activity or product | examples=the crime capital of Italy; the drug capital of Columbia
6. sense_key=capital%1:14:00:: | definition=the federal government of the United States | synonyms=Washington
7. sense_key=capital%1:10:01:: | definition=a book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories | synonyms=Das Kapital
8. sense_key=capital%1:06:00:: | definition=the upper part of a column that supports the entablature | synonyms=chapiter, cap

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "capital" in the context "announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion" refers to financial resources and wealth of the bank. A "capital increase" is a financial term indicating the raising of funds or equity by a company. This matches sense 2, which defines capital as "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value" - the broader economic meaning of capital as financial assets and resources used in business operations.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "capital" in this sentence:

"Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles."

The context is discussing:
- Bank of America and Citigroup raising funds
- A "capital increase"
- The amount is USD 20 billion
- This is in the context of financial/business operations

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "assets available for use in the production of further assets" (working capital) - This refers to capital in the economic/financial sense of money/assets used in production.

2. "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value" - This is the general definition of capital as financial resources/assets.

3. "a seat of government" - Clearly not applicable here (not about a city)

4. "one of the large alphabetic characters" - Not applicable (not about letters)

5. "a center that is associated more than any other with some activity or product" - Not applicable (not about a center of activity)

6. "the federal government of the United States" - Not applicable

7. "a book written by Karl Marx" - Not applicable

8. "the upper part of a column" - Not applicable (architecture)

The phrase "capital increase" is a financial term referring to an increase in a company's equity or capital base. This is directly related to financial resources/assets used in a business.

Between senses 1 and 2:
- Sense 1: "assets available for use in the production of further assets" (working capital specifically)
- Sense 2: "wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value"

A "capital increase" in banking/finance terminology typically refers to raising capital (money/funds) by a company. This is more aligned with sense 2, which is the broader definition of capital as financial resources/wealth of a business.
Sense 2 is the correct answer—it captures the general financial resources and wealth that the bank is increasing through this announcement.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increase
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital <t>increase</t> of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%1:23:00:: | definition=a quantity that is added | synonyms=addition, gain | examples=there was an addition to property taxes this year; they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks
2. sense_key=increase%1:11:00:: | definition=a change resulting in an increase | examples=the increase is scheduled for next month
3. sense_key=increase%1:22:00:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increment, growth | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=increase%1:07:00:: | definition=the amount by which something increases | synonyms=increment | examples=they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare
5. sense_key=increase%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of increasing something | synonyms=step-up | examples=he gave me an increase in salary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context shows "capital increase of some USD 20 billion," which refers to the specific amount by which the capital is being increased. This matches sense 4 ("the amount by which something increases"), with the example "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare" being the closest parallel—both refer to a quantified amount of increase.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "increase" in the sentence:

"Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles."

The target word is "capital increase" - referring to an increase in capital. This is in a financial context where Citigroup is announcing an increase in capital of USD 20 billion.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=increase%1:23:00:: | definition=a quantity that is added | synonyms=addition, gain
2. sense_key=increase%1:11:00:: | definition=a change resulting in an increase | examples=the increase is scheduled for next month
3. sense_key=increase%1:22:00:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increment, growth
4. sense_key=increase%1:07:00:: | definition=the amount by which something increases | synonyms=increment | examples=they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare
5. sense_key=increase%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of increasing something | synonyms=step-up | examples=he gave me an increase in salary

In this context, "capital increase" refers to the specific amount by which the capital is being increased - "some USD 20 billion". This is talking about a specific quantity that is being added to the capital.

Looking at the senses:
- Sense 1: "a quantity that is added" - This fits well. The USD 20 billion is a quantity being added to capital.
- Sense 4: "the amount by which something increases" - This also fits. It's the amount (USD 20 billion) by which capital increases.

Both 1 and 4 seem relevant, but let me consider the nuances:
- Sense 1 emphasizes the quantity/addition aspect
- Sense 4 emphasizes the amount of increase

The phrasing "capital increase of some USD 20 billion" parallels Sense 4's example "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare" more closely - both specify a particular amount of increase rather than just an addition. Sense 4 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circle
Target surface form: circles
Context:
Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to <t>circles</t>. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circle%1:25:00:: | definition=ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point | examples=he calculated the circumference of the circle
2. sense_key=circle%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
3. sense_key=circle%1:25:01:: | definition=something approximating the shape of a circle | examples=the chairs were arranged in a circle
4. sense_key=circle%1:04:00:: | definition=movement once around a course | synonyms=lap, circuit | examples=he drove an extra lap just for insurance
5. sense_key=circle%1:06:01:: | definition=a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island | synonyms=traffic circle, rotary, roundabout | examples=the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary
6. sense_key=circle%1:06:03:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, rope, roofy, roach
7. sense_key=circle%1:06:02:: | definition=a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater or opera house; usually the first tier above the orchestra | synonyms=dress circle | examples=they had excellent seats in the dress circle
8. sense_key=circle%1:06:00:: | definition=any circular or rotating mechanism | synonyms=round | examples=the machine punched out metal circles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "circles" in this context refers to groups or informal associations of people (likely financial professionals or market analysts) that CNBC is citing as sources for the information. This matches sense 2, which defines "circle" as "an unofficial association of people or groups" with synonyms including "set, band, lot."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "circle" is being used.

The sentence is: "Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to <t>circles</t>."

Looking at the context, "circles" here refers to "circles of people" or "groups of people" - specifically, the sources or groups of financial analysts/professionals that CNBC is referencing. The phrase "with reference to circles" suggests they're referring to certain groups or circles of financial industry professionals.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. Geometric circle - not relevant here
2. "an unofficial association of people or groups" - this seems to match! Synonyms are "set, band, lot". This is about groups of people.
3. Something approximating the shape of a circle - not relevant
4. Movement around a course/lap - not relevant
5. Traffic circle/roundabout - not relevant
6. Street drug - not relevant
7. Theater seating - not relevant
8. Circular rotating mechanism - not relevant

The phrase "reported CNBC with reference to circles" suggests they're talking about certain groups or circles (in the sense of social/professional groups) that provided the information. This is sense 2: "an unofficial association of people or groups" with synonyms like "set, band, lot".

The sense index for sense 2 would be 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: support
Context:
Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles. A Citigroup spokesman declined to comment. Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley had already repaid their <t>support</t> in June.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

The context refers to financial assistance provided by the government to banks during the financial crisis. The phrase "repaid their support" indicates financial resources (funding/backing) that were provided to enable the banks to survive a difficult period. This matches sense 11: "financial resources provided to make some project possible" with synonyms including "financial support, funding, backing."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "support" is being used.

The context mentions:
- Bank head Kenneth Lewis thanks American taxpayers
- "The cash injection helped over a very difficult time"
- Bank took over Merrill Lynch
- Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley had already "repaid their support in June"

The key phrase is "repaid their support" - this refers to financial assistance that was given by the government (as evidenced by the mention of "American taxpayer" and "state"). The banks are paying back the financial support they received.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: - "the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities" - This seems to be about the ongoing activity of providing support
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: - "aiding the cause or policy or interests of" - This is about political/ideological support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: - "something providing immaterial assistance" - This is about non-material support
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: - "a military operation...to strengthen a military force" - Not relevant
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: - "documentary validation" - Not relevant
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: - "the financial means whereby one lives" - Could fit but seems more personal
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: - "supporting structure" - Not relevant
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: - "the act of bearing the weight" - Not relevant physically
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: - "a musical part" - Not relevant
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: - "any device that bears the weight" - Not relevant
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: - "financial resources provided to make some project possible" - This seems like the best fit! The government provided financial support (funding, backing) to help the banks during the financial crisis.
The most fitting sense is 11, which captures government bailout funds as financial resources—funding and backing—that enabled the banks to survive the crisis.