[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: foundation
Target surface form: Foundation
Context:
The <t>Foundation</t> has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=foundation%1:24:00:: | definition=the basis on which something is grounded | examples=there is little foundation for his objections
2. sense_key=foundation%1:14:00:: | definition=an institution supported by an endowment
3. sense_key=foundation%1:06:00:: | definition=lowest support of a structure | synonyms=base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure | examples=it was built on a base of solid rock; he stood at the foot of the tower
4. sense_key=foundation%1:09:01:: | definition=education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge | synonyms=grounding | examples=he lacks the foundation necessary for advanced study; a good grounding in mathematics
5. sense_key=foundation%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=basis, base, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
6. sense_key=foundation%1:06:01:: | definition=a woman's undergarment worn to give shape to the contours of the body | synonyms=foundation garment
7. sense_key=foundation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new | synonyms=initiation, founding, institution, origination, creation, innovation | examples=she looked forward to her initiation as an adult; the foundation of a new scientific society

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly refers to "The Foundation" as an organizational entity that organizes conferences and coordinates multiple stakeholder groups. This matches sense 2, which defines foundation as "an institution supported by an endowment." The capitalization of "Foundation" as a proper noun and its role as an active agent performing organizational tasks confirms it refers to a specific institutional organization rather than an abstract concept, physical structure, or educational concept.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "Foundation" in this sentence:

"The <t>Foundation</t> has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The key indicators are:
1. "The Foundation" - uses "the" suggesting it's a specific organization
2. "has recently been involved in organising a conference" - the Foundation is actively doing things, organizing events
3. It appears to be an organization that brings together different interest groups
4. It involves public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organizations, service users

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the basis on which something is grounded" - This is a metaphorical/abstract sense about foundations as concepts or supports. The context doesn't support this.

2. "an institution supported by an endowment" - This is about an organization with funding/endowment. The context shows "The Foundation" as an active organization. This fits well.

3. "lowest support of a structure" - This is about physical/structural foundations. Not applicable here.

4. "education or instruction in the fundamentals" - This is about foundational learning. Not applicable here.

5. "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun" - This is abstract/conceptual. Not applicable.

6. "a woman's undergarment" - Not applicable.

7. "the act of starting something for the first time" - This is about founding/starting. The context doesn't suggest this.

The best match is sense 2: "an institution supported by an endowment" - this refers to an organized body/institution, which matches how "The Foundation" is used as a subject performing actions like organizing conferences.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The Foundation has recently been <t>involved</t> in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context indicates that the Foundation participated in organizing a conference. The phrase "been involved in organising a conference" clearly means the Foundation engaged as a participant in that activity. This matches sense 2's definition of "engage as a participant," which is the most appropriate sense for describing someone's participation in an event or activity.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference..."

The word "involved" here means that the Foundation participated in organizing a conference. Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "connect closely and often incriminatingly" - This doesn't fit. The Foundation being "involved" here doesn't have that incriminating connotation.

2. "engage as a participant" - This fits well. The Foundation was engaged as a participant in organizing the conference. The example "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" shows someone being engaged/participating.

3. "have as a necessary feature" - This doesn't fit. The sense here is about implication/necessity, not participation. "This decision involves many changes" is about what the decision entails, not about participation.

4. "require as useful, just, or proper" - This doesn't fit the context. It's about requirements.

5. "contain as a part" - This could potentially fit, but it's more about containing something physically/literally as a part.

6. "occupy or engage the interest of" - This is about capturing interest/attention, not really about participation in an activity.

7. "make complex or intricate or complicated" - This doesn't fit at all.

The best match is sense 2: "engage as a participant" because the Foundation was engaged/participated in organizing the conference. This is the most natural interpretation of "was involved in" meaning "participated in" or "engaged in".

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organise
Target surface form: organising
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in <t>organising</t> a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organise%2:30:00:: | definition=bring order and organization to | synonyms=organize, coordinate | examples=Can you help me organize my files?
2. sense_key=organise%2:41:01:: | definition=create (as an entity) | synonyms=form, organize | examples=social groups form everywhere; They formed a company
3. sense_key=organise%2:41:02:: | definition=form or join a union | synonyms=unionize, unionise, organize | examples=The auto workers decided to unionize
4. sense_key=organise%2:41:00:: | definition=cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea | synonyms=organize
5. sense_key=organise%2:36:00:: | definition=arrange by systematic planning and united effort | synonyms=organize, prepare, devise, get up, machinate | examples=machinate a plot; organize a strike
6. sense_key=organise%2:31:00:: | definition=plan and direct (a complex undertaking) | synonyms=mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, orchestrate | examples=he masterminded the robbery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

The context describes the Foundation's involvement in organizing a conference—a complex undertaking requiring planning and direction. Sense 6 ("plan and direct (a complex undertaking)") is the best fit, as it captures the meaning of coordinating and directing all aspects of the conference. The synonyms "mastermind," "engineer," "direct," and "orchestrate" align perfectly with what organizing a conference entails.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and candidate senses for the word "organising" in the given sentence.

Context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge."

The sentence is about organizing/arranging a conference. The Foundation is planning and directing the arrangements for a conference.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=organise%2:30:00:: - "bring order and organization to" - This is about organizing/arranging things to be orderly. Could fit, but seems more about putting things in order after they exist.

2. sense_key=organise%2:41:01:: - "create (as an entity)" - This is about forming/creating something new, like creating a company. Not the right sense here - they're not creating a conference, they're organizing one.

3. sense_key=organise%2:41:02:: - "form or join a union" - This is clearly not about labor unions, so this doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=organise%2:41:00:: - "cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea" - This could fit, as organizing a conference involves structuring it.

5. sense_key=organise%2:36:00:: - "arrange by systematic planning and united effort" - The examples include "organize a strike" which is very similar to organizing a conference. This is about arranging/planning something through systematic effort.

6. sense_key=organise%2:36:00:: - "plan and direct (a complex undertaking)" - The examples include "masterminded the robbery" and the definition mentions planning and directing a complex undertaking. A conference is definitely a complex undertaking that requires planning and direction.

Both sense 5 and 6 seem relevant. Let me distinguish:
- Sense 5 emphasizes systematic arrangement and collaborative effort
- Sense 6 emphasizes planning and directing a complex event

Sense 6 appears to be the strongest match. A conference qualifies as a complex undertaking requiring the kind of planning and direction that sense 6describes, and the synonyms—mastermind, engineer, orchestrate—all capture what the Foundation is doing when organizing this conference.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a <t>conference</t> which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes an organized event with 100+ participants from multiple stakeholder groups who "attended and debated issues." The key indicators are: "organising a conference" (prearranged), "participants attended," and formal discussion around a serious topic. This matches sense 1: a prearranged meeting for consultation and discussion with a formal agenda. Sense 2 is clearly inapplicable (sports league context). Sense 3, while involving discussion, is too informal for the described formal, large-scale organized event.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "conference" is being used.

The context states: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

Key indicators:
- "organising a conference" - suggests a formal, planned event
- "dealt with this critical challenge" - suggests it's focused on a specific topic
- "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended" - many participants from different groups
- "debated issues" - there was discussion and debate
- "formal agenda" would be implied by such an organized event

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)" - This fits well. The context shows:
   - It was "organised" (prearranged)
   - Participants "attended and debated" (exchange of information/discussion)
   - It's formal with over 100 participants and multiple stakeholder groups
   - This matches the general definition of a conference as a formal meeting

2. "an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | league" - This clearly doesn't fit. The context mentions public authorities, social partners, voluntary organizations, and service users discussing critical challenges - nothing related to sports.

3. "a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | group discussion" - This is more about a group discussion. While the context does involve discussion, this sense seems too informal/generic. The context emphasizes that this was a formal, organized event with over 100 participants.

The best fit is sense 1 - it describes a prearranged, formal meeting with a formal agenda where consultation and discussion occur, which matches the context of an organized conference with 100+ participants debating serious issues.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: dealt
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which <t>dealt</t> with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%2:32:08:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
2. sense_key=deal%2:31:10:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, take, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
3. sense_key=deal%2:41:09:: | definition=take action with respect to (someone or something) | examples=How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students
4. sense_key=deal%2:41:00:: | definition=come to terms with | synonyms=cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple | examples=We got by on just a gallon of gas; They made do on half a loaf of bread every day
5. sense_key=deal%2:40:01:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, administer, mete out, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
6. sense_key=deal%2:40:00:: | definition=do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood | synonyms=sell, trade | examples=She deals in gold; The brothers sell shoes
7. sense_key=deal%2:41:13:: | definition=be in charge of, act on, or dispose of | synonyms=manage, care, handle | examples=I can deal with this crew of workers; This blender can't handle nuts
8. sense_key=deal%2:41:04:: | definition=behave in a certain way towards others | examples=He deals fairly with his employees
9. sense_key=deal%2:40:02:: | definition=distribute cards to the players in a game | examples=Who's dealing?
10. sense_key=deal%2:41:02:: | definition=direct the course of; manage or control | synonyms=conduct, carry on | examples=You cannot conduct business like this
11. sense_key=deal%2:40:07:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=share, divvy up, portion out, apportion
12. sense_key=deal%2:40:06:: | definition=give (a specific card) to a player | examples=He dealt me the Queen of Spades
13. sense_key=deal%2:40:11:: | definition=sell | examples=deal hashish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context indicates that the conference "dealt with this critical challenge," meaning it covered or addressed the topic. This matches sense 1, which defines the word as "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" with synonyms like "cover, treat, address" and a directly comparable example: "This book deals with incest." The conference verbally/discursively treated the critical challenge through discussion and debate.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully:

"The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which <t>dealt</t> with this critical challenge."

The word "dealt" here means the conference addressed or discussed a critical challenge. This is clearly about covering or treating a topic.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" | synonyms: cover, treat, handle, plow, address | examples: This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
   - This matches perfectly! "dealt with this critical challenge" = covered/addressed the topic

2. "take into consideration for exemplifying purposes" | synonyms: consider, take, look at
   - This is more about considering something as an example

3. "take action with respect to (someone or something)" | examples: How are we going to deal with this problem?
   - This is about taking action to solve or handle a problem

4. "come to terms with" | synonyms: cope, get by, make out, make do
   - This is about coping or managing

5. "administer or bestow, as in small portions"
   - This is about distributing

6. "do business; offer for sale"
   - Not relevant

7. "be in charge of, act on, or dispose of" | synonyms: manage, care, handle
   - Similar to sense 3

8. "behave in a certain way towards others"
   - Not relevant

9. "distribute cards to the players in a game"
   - Not relevant

10. "direct the course of; manage or control"
    - Not quite right

11. "give out as one's portion or share"
    - Not relevant

12. "give (a specific card) to a player"
    - Not relevant

13. "sell"
    - Not relevant

The best match is sense 1: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" with synonyms including "cover, treat, handle, address" and examples like "This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization"
This perfectly fits the context where a conference "dealt with" (covered/addressed) a critical challenge. The answer is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: critical
Target surface form: critical
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this <t>critical</t> challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=critical%3:00:01:: | definition=marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws | examples=a critical attitude
2. sense_key=critical%3:00:04:: | definition=at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction | examples=a critical temperature of water is 100 degrees C--its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure; critical mass
3. sense_key=critical%3:00:02:: | definition=characterized by careful evaluation and judgment | examples=a critical reading; a critical dissertation
4. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:indispensable:00 | definition=urgently needed; absolutely necessary | synonyms=vital | examples=a critical element of the plan; critical medical supplies
5. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:crucial:00 | definition=forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis | synonyms=decisive | examples=a critical point in the campaign; the critical test
6. sense_key=critical%3:00:03:: | definition=being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency | examples=a critical shortage of food; a critical illness
7. sense_key=critical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism | examples=critical acclaim

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The context describes "this critical challenge" that warranted organizing a major conference with over 100 participants from multiple stakeholder groups. This indicates a challenge that forms a crucial turning point or is of decisive importance—the sense that best captures why such a serious, multi-stakeholder engagement was necessary. The emphasis on the gathering and debate of various actors (public authorities, social partners, organizations, and service users) underscores the pivotal nature of this challenge.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "critical":

Context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The sentence says the Foundation organized a conference that dealt with a "critical challenge." The fact that over 100 participants from various interest groups attended and debated this issue suggests it's an important, urgent matter that requires serious discussion.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws" - This doesn't fit. It's not saying the challenge is critical in the sense of being judgmental or fault-finding.

2. "at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change" - This is too technical/scientific and doesn't fit the context.

3. "characterized by careful evaluation and judgment" - This doesn't fit either. The challenge itself isn't about evaluation/judgment.

4. "urgently needed; absolutely necessary" - This could fit, as a critical challenge would be something urgent and necessary to address.

5. "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis" - This fits well. A critical challenge suggests something that is at a crucial point or crisis point.

6. "being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency" - This also fits well, suggesting the challenge is at a critical/emergency stage.

7. "of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism" - This doesn't fit.

Between 4, 5, and 6:
- Sense 4 (urgently needed; absolutely necessary) - emphasizes importance
- Sense 5 (forming a turning point or crisis) - emphasizes the pivotal nature
- Sense 6 (being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency) - emphasizes the state of crisis/emergency

Given the context mentions "a critical challenge" that warrants organizing a conference with 100+ participants, the most natural interpretation is that it's a challenge at a crucial/pivotal point (sense 5) or one that is urgent and critical (sense 4 or 6).
Sense 5 appears most fitting—it captures the decisive, turning-point quality suggested by "critical challenge," similar to how "critical point in the campaign" uses the same sense. While sense 6 emphasizes an immediate state of crisis and sense 4 stresses necessity, sense 5 best conveys that this challenge represents a pivotal moment requiring collective attention and deliberation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical <t>challenge</t>. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%1:26:00:: | definition=a demanding or stimulating situation | examples=they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power
2. sense_key=challenge%1:10:00:: | definition=a call to engage in a contest or fight
3. sense_key=challenge%1:10:01:: | definition=questioning a statement and demanding an explanation | examples=his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy
4. sense_key=challenge%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror
5. sense_key=challenge%1:10:03:: | definition=a demand by a sentry for a password or identification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "challenge" as a critical situation that necessitated organizing a conference where multiple stakeholders gathered to debate and discuss issues. This aligns with sense 1 ("a demanding or stimulating situation") rather than the other senses which refer to specific interpersonal actions (calls to contest, questioning, legal procedures, or military commands). The use of "critical challenge" and the convening of a broad conference to address it indicates a substantive, demanding situation requiring collaborative engagement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "challenge" is being used.

Context: "The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The sentence indicates:
- A conference was organized to deal with a "challenge"
- It was a critical situation that needed discussion
- Participants debated various issues related to this challenge
- Multiple stakeholders (public authorities, social partners, voluntary organizations, service users) were involved

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "a demanding or stimulating situation" - This fits well with the context. The challenge is something that required a conference to be organized, and multiple participants gathered to debate it. The example "they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power" suggests a situation that is demanding.

2. "a call to engage in a contest or fight" - This doesn't fit. There's no indication of a contest or fight being called.

3. "questioning a statement and demanding an explanation" - This doesn't fit the context.

4. "a formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror" - This is too specific and unrelated.

5. "a demand by a sentry for a password or identification" - This is clearly unrelated.

The best fit is sense 1: "a demanding or stimulating situation" - because the context shows that a critical issue/situation required a conference with 100+ participants to debate it, which indicates it's a demanding situation that needs to be addressed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: participant
Target surface form: participants
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 <t>participants</t> from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=participant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who takes part in an activity
2. sense_key=participant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who participates in or is skilled at some game | synonyms=player

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "participants" refers to the over 100 people who attended and debated issues at a conference. This matches sense 1: "someone who takes part in an activity" - they participated in the conference activity. Sense 2, which specifically refers to people skilled at games, is not applicable in this context, as the participants were engaged in a conference discussion and debate, not a game.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "participants" in context.

The sentence states: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The context shows that:
1. These are 100 people from various interest groups
2. They attended a conference
3. They debated issues
4. They come from various organizations (public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations, service users)

Now let me look at the two senses:

Sense 1: "someone who takes part in an activity" - This seems very general and broad. It covers anyone who participates in any activity. In this context, the participants are people who took part in the conference activity.

Sense 2: "a person who participates in or is skilled at some game" - This is specifically about games. The participants in the conference are not playing a game; they are attending a conference, debating, and discussing issues.

The context is clearly about people attending and participating in a conference discussion/debate, not about a game. Sense 1 is the correct choice because it refers to people who take part in an activity (the conference), whereas Sense 2 is specifically limited to games, which doesn't apply here.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the <t>main</t> interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "main" in this context describes "interest groups" as the most important or principal ones. The synonym "chief" or "principal" captures the meaning - the conference brought together participants from the leading/primary interest groups relevant to the topic. Sense 1 (most important element) is the appropriate interpretation, while sense 2 (grammatical clause) and sense 3 (force/intensity) are contextually irrelevant.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "main" in this sentence:

"The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the <t>main</t> interest groups attended and debated issues..."

The word "main" is describing "interest groups". Let me consider each sense:

1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass

This sense means "most important element" or similar to "chief, primary, principal." In the context, "main interest groups" would mean the most important or principal interest groups. This fits well - we're talking about the main/primary/chief interest groups that attended the conference.

2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb

This is a grammatical term referring to clauses. It doesn't make sense in this context where we're describing "interest groups."

3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

This sense refers to force and intensity, not relevance or importance of groups. "Main interest groups" doesn't mean groups with intense force.

The best fit is clearly sense 1 - it means "most important element" or "chief/primary," which fits the context where we're referring to the main/principal interest groups at a conference.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attended
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups <t>attended</t> and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "attended" in this sentence:

"Over 100 participants from the main interest groups <t>attended</t> and debated issues..."

The context is about a conference where participants "attended" it and debated issues. This clearly means they were present at the conference.

Let me review each sense:

1. "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." - This matches the context perfectly. People attended a conference and debated, meaning they were present at it. The examples given (She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church) directly parallel the usage here.

2. "take charge of or deal with" - This doesn't fit. The participants aren't dealing with or managing the conference; they're participating in it.

3. "to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result" - This doesn't fit the context. There's no implication of something accompanying the attendance.

4. "work for or be a servant to" - This doesn't fit. The participants aren't serving anyone; they're participants at a conference.

5. "give heed (to)" - While this could theoretically work (giving attention to the conference), it's not the primary meaning being used here. The focus is on physical presence, not attention.

The best answer is clearly sense 1: "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: debate
Target surface form: debated
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and <t>debated</t> issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=debate%2:31:00:: | definition=argue with one another | examples=We debated the question of abortion; John debated Mary
2. sense_key=debate%2:32:02:: | definition=think about carefully; weigh | synonyms=consider, moot, turn over, deliberate | examples=They considered the possibility of a strike; Turn the proposal over in your mind
3. sense_key=debate%2:32:00:: | definition=discuss the pros and cons of an issue | synonyms=deliberate
4. sense_key=debate%2:32:01:: | definition=have an argument about something | synonyms=argue, contend, fence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes participants at a conference discussing various issues related to service planning and provision. The sense "discuss the pros and cons of an issue" (sense 3) best captures this usage, as it reflects a collaborative examination of multiple perspectives on topics like the role of different actors and stakeholders. This is distinct from sense 1 (argue with one another), which emphasizes confrontational exchange, and differs from sense 2, which focuses on internal contemplation rather than group discussion.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "debated".

Context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

This describes a conference where participants discussed and debated various issues. They were exchanging views and opinions about different topics.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=debate%2:31:00:: | definition=argue with one another | examples=We debated the question of abortion; John debated Mary
   - This is about arguing, having a back-and-forth exchange. The examples show it can be about specific topics or between two people.

2. sense_key=debate%2:32:02:: | definition=think about carefully; weigh | synonyms=consider, moot, turn over, deliberate | examples=They considered the possibility of a strike; Turn the proposal over in your mind
   - This is more about thoughtful consideration or weighing options.

3. sense_key=debate%2:32:00:: | definition=discuss the pros and cons of an issue | synonyms=deliberate
   - This is about discussing pros and cons, a more nuanced discussion.

4. sense_key=debate%2:32:01:: | definition=have an argument about something | synonyms=argue, contend, fence
   - This is about having an argument, which might imply disagreement.

In the context, participants "debated issues" at a conference. This suggests they discussed and exchanged viewpoints on these issues. It's not necessarily a heated argument (which sense 4 might imply), nor is it just internal deliberation (sense 2).

Sense 3 "discuss the pros and cons of an issue" seems most appropriate for a conference setting where participants discuss various aspects of issues. This is a discussion of multiple perspectives, which fits with "debating issues" in a conference context.
Sense 1 could also fit as a back-and-forth exchange, but sense 3 better captures the collaborative exploration of multiple viewpoints typical at a conference rather than direct argumentation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated <t>issues</t> such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The word "issues" in this context refers to topics or subjects that were debated at the conference. The phrase "debated issues such as the role of key actors" demonstrates that these are matters and subjects being discussed and thought about, rather than controversial disputes requiring settlement (sense 1) or any other meaning. Sense 3's definition of "some situation or event that is thought about" with synonyms "topic, subject, matter" best captures this usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and find the best sense for "issues" in this passage.

Context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated <t>issues</t> such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The word "issues" here refers to topics or questions that were debated at a conference. The participants "debated issues such as the role of key actors..."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" - This could fit, as the conference dealt with critical challenges and debated issues about the role of key actors. However, this emphasizes "dispute" and "must be settled."

2. "one of a series published periodically" - This doesn't fit; it's about magazines or publications.

3. "some situation or event that is thought about" - This fits well! The examples mention "topic" and "subject" as synonyms, and the context shows people thinking about and debating various topics related to service provision.

4. "the act of providing an item for general use" - This doesn't fit.

5. "supplies issued by the government" - Doesn't fit.

6. "income or profit arising from transactions" - Doesn't fit.

7. "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - Doesn't fit.

8. "the immediate descendants of a person" - Doesn't fit.

9. "the becoming visible" - Doesn't fit.

10. "an opening that permits escape or release" - Doesn't fit.

11. "the act of issuing printed materials" - Doesn't fit.

Between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 emphasizes "important question that is in dispute and must be settled"
- Sense 3 emphasizes "some situation or event that is thought about" with synonyms "topic, subject, matter"
- The verb "debated" indicates discussion of subjects rather than resolution of disputes. The specific examples—the role of key actors, involvement of public authorities and service users—function as matters for consideration and discussion. Sense 3 aligns better with this usage, capturing the general notion of subjects being examined and discussed rather than contested points requiring settlement.

The answer is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actor
Target surface form: actors
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key <t>actors</t> including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actor%1:18:00:: | definition=a theatrical performer | synonyms=histrion, player, thespian, role player
2. sense_key=actor%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=doer, worker | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes "key actors" as organizational entities (public authorities, social partners, voluntary organizations, service users) involved in service planning and provision. This usage aligns with sense 2—"a person who acts and gets things done"—where "actors" refers to active participants and influential doers in a social policy context, rather than theatrical performers.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and determine which sense of "actor" is being used.

In the sentence, we have:
"the role of key <t>actors</t> including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The context is about a conference dealing with a critical challenge (likely related to social services or community development). The "actors" being referred to are:
- public authorities
- social partners
- voluntary and community organisations
- service users

This is clearly not referring to theatrical performers (sense 1). These are organizational entities and groups that participate in and influence social services planning and provision.

The relevant sense is sense 2: "a person who acts and gets things done" with synonyms "doer, worker" and examples like "he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer."

In this context, "actors" refers to entities (organizations and groups) that are actively involved in shaping and providing services - they are "doers" who "act and get things done" in the realm of social services. This is a metaphorical extension of the "doer" sense to include organizational entities.

The answer is sense 2 (index 2).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: authority
Target surface form: authorities
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public <t>authorities</t>, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=authority%1:07:00:: | definition=the power or right to give orders or make decisions | synonyms=authorization, authorisation, potency, dominance, say-so | examples=he has the authority to issue warrants; deputies are given authorization to make arrests
2. sense_key=authority%1:18:01:: | definition=(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others | examples=the authorities have issued a curfew
3. sense_key=authority%1:18:00:: | definition=an expert whose views are taken as definitive | examples=he is an authority on corporate law
4. sense_key=authority%1:09:00:: | definition=freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities | synonyms=assurance, self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, sureness | examples=his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular; after that failure he lost his confidence
5. sense_key=authority%1:14:00:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, office | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
6. sense_key=authority%1:07:02:: | definition=official permission or approval | synonyms=authorization, authorisation, sanction | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
7. sense_key=authority%1:10:00:: | definition=an authoritative written work | examples=this book is the final authority on the life of Milton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context refers to "public authorities" as key actors involved in service planning and provision. This clearly indicates governmental or administrative bodies that exercise control and make decisions, which matches sense 2: "persons who exercise (administrative) control over others." The plural form and the reference to "public authorities" as institutional actors align with the example "the authorities have issued a curfew."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public <t>authorities</t>, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The word "authorities" is used here to refer to "public authorities" - these are government entities or administrative bodies that exercise control over others.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "the power or right to give orders or make decisions" - This is too abstract for the context
2. "(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others" - This fits well. "Public authorities" are entities that exercise administrative control
3. "an expert whose views are taken as definitive" - Doesn't fit the context
4. "freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities" - Completely wrong
5. "an administrative unit of government" - This could work, but the definition focuses on "unit" rather than the persons
6. "official permission or approval" - Doesn't fit
7. "an authoritative written work" - Doesn't fit

The best fit is sense 2: "(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others" - which is specifically about government/administrative bodies. The context specifically mentions "public authorities" as key actors who exercise control, and the example given is "the authorities have issued a curfew" which matches the usage in the context.

Sense 5 could also work since it's about "an administrative unit of government," but sense 2 is more precise because it refers to the persons/entities that exercise control, which is what "authorities" means in this context - it's referring to government bodies/officials.

The answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, <t>social</t> partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "social partners" in this institutional and policy context refers to organizations representing groups within human society (such as employers' organizations and labor unions). This usage clearly relates to human society and its member groups, matching the definition "relating to human society and its members" from sense 1, with the synonym "societal" further supporting this interpretation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "social" in the given sentence.

The context is about a conference dealing with a critical challenge. The sentence mentions "key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

The phrase "social partners" here is a technical/formal term that refers to representative organizations of employers and workers/employees that engage in social dialogue with the government. In the context of organizational and institutional discussion, "social partners" refers to entities operating within society and social structures.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "relating to human society and its members" - This is about societal institutions and relationships. "Social partners" fits here because it refers to groups/partners within society.

2. "living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups" - This is about the inherent nature of beings living in groups. Could fit, but seems more about nature/characteristic.

3. "relating to or belonging to characteristic of high society" - This is about upper class/elite society. Doesn't fit the context.

4. "composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability" - This is about friendly gathering. Doesn't fit.

5. "tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind" - This is biological/gregarious. Doesn't fit.

6. "marked by friendly companionship with others" - This is about friendly behavior. Doesn't fit.

The phrase "social partners" in this institutional/policy context refers to organizations that represent specific groups in society (employers, workers, etc.). This best matches sense 1, which defines "social" as "relating to human society and its members."

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: voluntary
Target surface form: voluntary
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, <t>voluntary</t> and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:01:: | definition=of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled | examples=man is a voluntary agent; participation was voluntary
2. sense_key=voluntary%3:00:02:: | definition=controlled by individual volition | examples=voluntary motions; voluntary muscles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "voluntary" in this context describes organizations ("voluntary and community organisations") that operate on the basis of voluntary participation and contribution—where involvement is done by choice rather than compulsion. This aligns with Sense 1's definition of "of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled." Sense 2, which pertains to physiological control (voluntary muscles), is irrelevant to the organizational context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "voluntary" is being used.

The sentence reads: "the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

Here, "voluntary" is describing organizations. The context is about organizations involved in service planning and service provision. "Voluntary organisations" typically refers to organizations that operate on a voluntary basis - they are non-governmental, non-profit organizations where people volunteer their time and services.

Let me consider the two senses:

1. Sense 1: "of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled" - This refers to something done willingly and by choice. In the context of "voluntary organisations," this would mean organizations that exist because people chose to create them and that operate based on voluntary participation (people choosing to contribute).

2. Sense 2: "controlled by individual volition" - This refers to something controlled by individual will, typically used in physiological contexts (voluntary muscles, voluntary motions - muscles that you can consciously control).

In the context of "voluntary organisations," the meaning is clearly about organizations that operate on a voluntary basis - where participation and contribution are voluntary (by choice, not forced). This aligns with Sense 1.

Sense 2 would refer to physiological/motor control, which makes no sense in the context of organizations.

Therefore, the answer is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: community
Target surface form: community
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and <t>community</t> organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=community%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people living in a particular local area | examples=the team is drawn from all parts of the community
2. sense_key=community%1:21:00:: | definition=common ownership | examples=they shared a community of possessions
3. sense_key=community%1:14:04:: | definition=a group of nations having common interests | examples=they hoped to join the NATO community
4. sense_key=community%1:26:00:: | definition=agreement as to goals | synonyms=community of interests | examples=the preachers and the bootleggers found they had a community of interests
5. sense_key=community%1:15:00:: | definition=a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences | synonyms=residential district, residential area
6. sense_key=community%1:14:02:: | definition=(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | synonyms=biotic community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "community organisations" as key actors in service planning and provision. This refers to organizations that serve or represent people in a particular local area, which aligns with sense 1: "a group of people living in a particular local area." Community organizations are specifically those rooted in and serving local geographic communities, making this the most appropriate interpretation in the context of social services and public participation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense of "community" in this sentence.

Context: "Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and <t>community</t> organisations as well as service users."

The key phrase is "community organisations" - this is referring to organizations that are part of the community. Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=community%1:14:00:: - "a group of people living in a particular local area" - This refers to a local geographic community. In the context of "community organisations," this makes sense because community organizations are typically organizations that serve or represent people in a particular local area.

2. sense_key=community%1:21:00:: - "common ownership" - This doesn't fit the context.

3. sense_key=community%1:14:04:: - "a group of nations having common interests" - This is about international/diplomatic communities, doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=community%1:26:00:: - "agreement as to goals" - This doesn't fit the context.

5. sense_key=community%1:15:00:: - "a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences" - This is about a residential district, which is similar to sense 1 but more specific about housing. Could work but seems overly specific.

6. sense_key=community%1:14:02:: - "(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms" - This is an ecological sense, doesn't fit.

The most appropriate sense is sense 1: "a group of people living in a particular local area." Community organisations are organizations that serve local communities. This is the most natural interpretation in the context of discussing social organizations and service provision.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organisation
Target surface form: organisations
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community <t>organisations</t> as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organisation%1:14:01:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
2. sense_key=organisation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who work together | synonyms=organization
3. sense_key=organisation%1:09:00:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, system | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
4. sense_key=organisation%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, system | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here
5. sense_key=organisation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business | synonyms=organization | examples=he was brought in to supervise the organization of a new department
6. sense_key=organisation%1:04:01:: | definition=the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically | synonyms=organization | examples=his organization of the work force was very efficient
7. sense_key=organisation%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, establishment, formation, organization | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context refers to "voluntary and community organisations" as distinct entities or groups that participate in service provision and planning. These are concrete collectives of people working together, not abstract concepts of organization or administrative structures. Sense 2 ("a group of people who work together") directly captures this meaning of organisations as actual institutional bodies.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The sentence says: "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users"

Here, "organisations" refers to actual groups or entities that exist and work together. The context is talking about different types of actors/entities involved in service provision and planning.

Let me review the senses:

1. sense_key=organisation%1:14:01:: - "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" - this is about administrative structures

2. sense_key=organisation%1:14:00:: - "a group of people who work together" - this refers to an actual group/entity of people

3. sense_key=organisation%1:09:00:: - "an organized structure for arranging or classifying" - about how things are organized structurally

4. sense_key=organisation%1:07:00:: - "an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized" - about the quality of being organized

5. sense_key=organisation%1:04:00:: - "the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business" - about the act of organizing

6. sense_key=organisation%1:04:01:: - "the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically" - about the process/result

7. sense_key=organisation%1:04:02:: - "the act of forming or establishing something" - about forming something

In the context, "organisations" refers to concrete entities - "voluntary and community organisations" - these are actual groups that exist and participate. This is clearly sense 2: "a group of people who work together" or possibly sense 1.

Sense 2 is the most direct match - it refers to organisations as actual groups of people working together. The context is talking about different types of organisations (public authorities are mentioned as comparison, and voluntary/community organisations are mentioned as specific types).

The answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as <t>service</t> users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to "service users," "service planning," and "service provision" in the context of public authorities and social organizations providing support to people. This aligns with sense 1, which defines service as "work done by one person or group that benefits another," exemplified by "budget separately for goods and services." This captures the general sense of services as offerings provided to beneficiaries, fitting the social welfare/public services context of the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the target word "service" in the sentence:

"The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

The phrase is "service users" and also mentions "service planning" and "service provision."

In this context, "service" refers to:
- "service users" - people who use/receive some kind of service
- "service planning" - planning related to services
- "service provision" - the act of providing services

This appears to be in a social/public context where public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organizations provide services to users.

Looking at the candidates:

1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
   - This fits well - it's about work done for others

2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
   - This is also a general sense of service

3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules
   - Not applicable here

4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
   - This could fit - services often provided by public agencies

5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another
   - Not the best fit

The best match is sense 1 (service%1:04:08::) which defines service as "work done by one person or group that benefits another" with the example "budget separately for goods and services".

This definition aligns perfectly with how "service" is used throughout the passage—describing the work and assistance provided by organizations to users, as well as the planning and delivery of those services. The answer is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: user
Target surface form: users
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service <t>users</t>. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=user%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something
2. sense_key=user%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who uses something or someone selfishly or unethically | synonyms=exploiter
3. sense_key=user%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who takes drugs | synonyms=drug user, substance abuser

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to "service users" - people who utilize or receive services. The sentence discusses their involvement in "service planning" and "service provision," which indicates they are simply people who use or employ services. This corresponds to the general sense of a person who makes use of a thing.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "users" is most appropriate.

The context is about a conference dealing with a critical challenge. The participants debated issues including "the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users."

Key observations:
1. The phrase is "service users" - people who use/receive services
2. The next sentence mentions "attempts to involve users in service planning" and "their involvement in service provision"
3. This is clearly about people who utilize services (like healthcare, social services, etc.)

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=user%1:18:00:: - "a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something" - This is the general sense of someone who uses something.

2. sense_key=user%1:18:01:: - "a person who uses something or someone selfishly or unethically | synonyms=exploiter" - This would imply the service users are exploiting or using services unethically, which doesn't fit the context.

3. sense_key=user%1:18:02:: - "a person who takes drugs" - This is clearly not about drug users in a service planning context.

The context clearly refers to "service users" - people who use/receive services. This is the most straightforward use of "user" as someone who makes use of a service. Sense 1 is the best fit.

The instruction asks me to return the sense_index, which would be 1 for the first sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: cases
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few <t>cases</t> reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "cases" in the context "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning" refers to instances or occurrences of such attempts. This matches sense 1: "an occurrence of something" with synonyms "instance" and "example." The phrase "few cases reported of attempts" clearly means "few instances/examples of attempts were reported."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to identify the best sense for "cases" in this sentence:

"There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."

The sentence is discussing service planning and provision in the context of a conference about social welfare. The phrase "cases reported of attempts" suggests instances or examples of something happening.

Let me consider the candidate senses:

1. "an occurrence of something" (instance, example) - This could fit well. "Few cases reported of attempts to involve users" would mean "few instances/examples of attempts."

2. "a special set of circumstances" (event) - Possible, but less specific.

3. "a proceeding in a court of law" - Doesn't fit, this is not about legal proceedings.

4. "the actual state of things" - Doesn't fit the context.

5. "a portable container" - Doesn't fit.

6. "a person requiring professional services" - Doesn't fit well.

7. "a person subjected to experimental procedures" - Could potentially fit if referring to individuals being studied, but the context is about attempts to involve users in service planning, not subjects of investigation.

8. "a problem requiring investigation" - Could fit, as planning could be seen as investigating/addressing problems.

9. "a statement of facts and reasons" - Doesn't fit.

10-20. Various other meanings related to containers, linguistics, typography, etc. - Don't fit.

The most natural reading is sense 1: "an occurrence of something" / "instance" - "few cases reported of attempts" = "few instances reported of attempts"

Sense 7 could also work if we interpret "cases" as individuals/examples being discussed, but sense 1 is more direct and natural given the context.
Sense 1 is the best fit here.