[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: high
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the <t>high</t> ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "high" here refers to the physical elevation of the ceiling in the ringing chamber. This is the literal spatial meaning—the ceiling extends upward to a considerable height. The example "high ceilings" provided in sense 2 is directly parallel to the target phrase "high ceiling of the ringing chamber."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "high" in this sentence.

The sentence states: "each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the <t>high</t> ceiling of the ringing chamber."

The word "high" is being used to describe the ceiling. The context is about a physical location - the ringing chamber of a church where bell ringers stand. The key question is what "high" means here.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount" - This doesn't fit. The ceiling isn't being described as having greater intensity or amount of something.

2. "(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension" - This fits perfectly. The ceiling is described as being at a relatively great elevation. The examples include "high ceilings" which is exactly what we have here.

3. "standing above others in quality or position" - This is about superiority or rank, not relevant here.

4. "used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency" - Not relevant; this is about sound, not physical location.

5. "happy and excited and energetic" - Not relevant.

6. "used of the smell of meat" - Not relevant.

7. "slightly intoxicated" - Not relevant.

The answer is clearly sense 2, which is the literal spatial meaning of "high" referring to something being at a great elevation. The example "high ceilings" is almost identical to the target phrase "high ceiling."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ceiling
Target surface form: ceiling
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high <t>ceiling</t> of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ceiling%1:06:00:: | definition=the overhead upper surface of a covered space | examples=he hated painting the ceiling
2. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:00:: | definition=(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds
3. sense_key=ceiling%1:10:00:: | definition=an upper limit on what is allowed | synonyms=roof, cap | examples=he put a ceiling on the number of women who worked for him; there was a roof on salaries
4. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum altitude at which a plane can fly (under specified conditions)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes ropes disappearing through a hole in the ceiling of the ringing chamber and sound being muffled by the ceiling. This clearly refers to the physical, overhead upper surface of the covered space (the ringing chamber), which matches sense 1: "the overhead upper surface of a covered space."

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "ceiling" appears:

"each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high <t>ceiling</t> of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

The context describes:
1. A rope that disappears through a hole in the ceiling
2. The ceiling is described as "high"
3. Sound is "muffled by the ceiling"
4. This is in a church (St. Mary Abbot church) ringing chamber

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ceiling%1:06:00:: - "the overhead upper surface of a covered space" - This matches the context perfectly. It's the physical overhead surface of the ringing chamber.
2. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:00:: - "(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds" - This doesn't apply; we're indoors.
3. sense_key=ceiling%1:10:00:: - "an upper limit on what is allowed" - This is a metaphorical/abstract use, not applicable here.
4. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:01:: - "maximum altitude at which a plane can fly" - This is about aircraft, not applicable.

The context clearly refers to the physical, overhead upper surface of the ringing chamber. The rope "disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling" and sound is "muffled by the ceiling" - these are descriptions of a physical architectural feature.

The answer is sense 1.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chamber
Target surface form: chamber
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing <t>chamber</t>. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chamber%1:06:00:: | definition=a natural or artificial enclosed space
2. sense_key=chamber%1:08:00:: | definition=an enclosed volume in the body | examples=the chambers of his heart were healthy
3. sense_key=chamber%1:06:02:: | definition=a room where a judge transacts business
4. sense_key=chamber%1:14:00:: | definition=a deliberative or legislative or administrative or judicial assembly | examples=the upper chamber is the senate
5. sense_key=chamber%1:06:01:: | definition=a room used primarily for sleeping | synonyms=bedroom, sleeping room, sleeping accommodation, bedchamber

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes the "ringing chamber" as a room in a church tower where bell ringers stand and pull ropes connected to the bells above. It is an enclosed space specifically designated for the purpose of bell ringing. This aligns with sense 1's definition of "a natural or artificial enclosed space," which is the most general and appropriate sense for this architectural feature.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "chamber" is being used.

The sentence states: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing <t>chamber</t>."

This is describing a space where bell ringers practice bell ringing. The ropes go through the ceiling of the "ringing chamber" to the bells above.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "a natural or artificial enclosed space" - This is a very general definition that could apply. The ringing chamber is indeed an enclosed space where the ringers stand to ring bells.

2. "an enclosed volume in the body" - This is clearly not the right sense. It's about body chambers like heart chambers. This doesn't fit the context at all.

3. "a room where a judge transacts business" - This is not the right sense. There's no mention of judges or legal proceedings.

4. "a deliberative or legislative or administrative or judicial assembly" - This is not right. It's not referring to an assembly or group of people making decisions.

5. "a room used primarily for sleeping" - This doesn't fit. The ringing chamber is not a bedroom.

The ringing chamber is a specific room in a church tower where bell ringers stand to ring the bells. This is a room - an enclosed space - but more specifically, it's a dedicated space for a particular activity (bell ringing).

Sense 1 "a natural or artificial enclosed space" seems to be the most general and appropriate. A ringing chamber is indeed an enclosed space, and this general definition covers it well.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speak
Target surface form: speaks
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one <t>speaks</t>, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speak%2:32:00:: | definition=express in speech | synonyms=talk, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise | examples=She talks a lot of nonsense; This depressed patient does not verbalize
2. sense_key=speak%2:32:01:: | definition=exchange thoughts; talk with | synonyms=talk | examples=We often talk business; Actions talk louder than words
3. sense_key=speak%2:32:02:: | definition=use language | synonyms=talk | examples=the baby talks already; the prisoner won't speak
4. sense_key=speak%2:32:03:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=address | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
5. sense_key=speak%2:39:00:: | definition=make a characteristic or natural sound | examples=The drums spoke

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes bell ringers in concentrated practice, where "No one speaks" emphasizes the silence necessary for their focused work. This is the basic sense of "speak" meaning to express oneself in speech or produce speech sounds. The passage contrasts their vocal silence with the sounds made by the ropes and bells, making this the most direct interpretation of the word in context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is: "No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

The context is about bell ringers during a Thursday night practice. They are intensely focused on their work, staring straight ahead and using "rope-sight" to watch other ropes and time their pulls. The statement "No one speaks" indicates that during this concentrated practice, the ringers maintain silence.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=speak%2:32:00:: - "express in speech" - This is the general sense of producing speech sounds
2. sense_key=speak%2:32:01:: - "exchange thoughts; talk with" - This involves communication between people
3. sense_key=speak%2:32:02:: - "use language" - This is about the ability to use language
4. sense_key=speak%2:32:03:: - "give a speech to" - This is about formal speaking to an audience
5. sense_key=speak%2:39:00:: - "make a characteristic or natural sound" - This is about sounds in general

In this context, "No one speaks" means "no one is producing speech sounds" or "no one is engaging in conversation/vocalization." The passage emphasizes the silence and focus of the bell ringers. They are not communicating with each other verbally.

The most straightforward interpretation is sense 1 (express in speech), which captures the basic meaning of producing speech. However, looking at the examples and context more carefully:

- Sense 1: "express in speech" with examples about talking and verbalizing
- Sense 2: "exchange thoughts; talk with" - this involves interaction
- Sense 3: "use language" - this is about the ability to speak/communicate

In the context "No one speaks," the most natural interpretation is that no one is producing speech sounds or engaging in verbal communication. This is closest to sense 1 (express in speech) or sense 2 (exchange thoughts).
The passage's emphasis on silence and concentration suggests the ringers are deliberately avoiding any vocalization. Sense 1 captures this most directly—they're simply not articulating anything through speech. This is the most fundamental meaning of the word.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the <t>ropes</t> seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly describes ropes used in bell ringing—physical cords that ringers pull to ring church bells. The passage explicitly mentions "each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling" and notes the "snaking of the ropes." This is obviously a literal, physical rope (a strong line), not the slang drug-related sense. Sense 1 is the appropriate choice.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The passage is about bell ringing in a church. It describes how "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."

The context mentions:
- "ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves"
- "the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision...to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls"

This is clearly about physical ropes used in bell ringing. The ringers are pulling ropes that are attached to bells above them. This is a literal, physical rope - a strong line used to ring bells.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
   - This is clearly the correct sense. A rope used for bell ringing is indeed "a strong line"

2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug
   - This is slang for a drug. This is completely inappropriate for the context of bell ringing in a church. This makes no sense.

The answer is clearly sense 1, which corresponds to "a strong line" - the literal, physical rope used in bell ringing.

The sense index would be 1 (since it's the first sense listed).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes <t>seems</t> to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The sentence describes the outward impression or appearance created by the snaking of the ropes—they appear to make as much sound as the bells themselves. This matches sense 1, which defines "seem" as "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect," synonymous with "look" and "appear." The example "She seems to be sleeping" parallels the usage here, where an observable phenomenon creates a particular impression.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "seems" appears:

"the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves"

This is describing what the ropes appear to do - they appear to make as much sound as the bells. The sentence is expressing an outward appearance or impression given by the snaking motion of the ropes.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: - "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" | synonyms: look, appear | examples: "She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem" - This fits well. The ropes "seem" to make sound, giving the impression/outward appearance that they make as much sound as the bells.

2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: - "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" | examples: "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad" - This is more about truth or probability.

3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: - "appear to exist" | examples: "There seems no reason..." - This is about existence, doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: - "appear to one's own mind or opinion" | examples: "I seem to be misunderstood..." - This is more about personal perception/opinion.

The context is clearly about the outward impression or appearance that the snaking of the ropes creates. The ropes appear to make sound, which is an observable impression or outward aspect. This best matches sense 1.

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to <t>make</t> as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The word "make" in this context means "give rise to; cause to happen or occur." The ropes are producing/generating sound, similar to the example "make a stir." The sentence describes how the snaking of the ropes causes sound to happen, almost as much as the bells themselves do.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "make" in the sentence:

"No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

The sentence is saying that the ropes produce/generate/create as much sound as the bells. So "make" here means to produce sound, to cause sound to occur.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: - "engage in" (make love, make an effort) - Not a good fit
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: - "give certain properties" - Not quite
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: - "make or cause to be or to become" - Possible
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: - "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" - Not quite
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: - "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" - This fits! "cause...sound...to happen"
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: - "create or manufacture a man-made product" - Not quite
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: - "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way" - Not quite right

Looking at sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" with synonyms "cause, do" and examples "cause a commotion; make a stir"

This seems very relevant. The ropes "make" (produce/cause) sound, similar to "make a stir" or "cause a commotion."

I think sense 5 is the best fit here, as it captures the meaning of "produce" or "cause to occur" which is what the ropes are doing with the sound.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sound
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much <t>sound</t> as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The context describes "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves," referring to the particular auditory effect produced by the movement of the ropes. This aligns with sense 1: "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause." The passage is contrasting the auditory effects generated by two different sources (the ropes and the bells), which directly matches this definition.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence reads:

"No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

This is talking about the sound made by the snaking (movement) of the ropes compared to the sound of the bells themselves. The phrase "muffled by the ceiling" indicates we're discussing audible sounds that can be heard.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: - "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause" - This refers to the specific auditory effect produced by something (like the sound of rain on the roof).

2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: - "the subjective sensation of hearing something" - This is about the subjective experience/sensation of hearing.

3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: - "mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium" - This is the physical phenomenon of sound as vibrations.

4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: - "the sudden occurrence of an audible event" - This emphasizes a sudden, discrete audible event.

5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: - "the audible part of a transmitted signal" - This is about transmitted signals (like audio/radio).

6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: - "an individual sound unit of speech" - This is about phonetics/speech.

7 & 8 are about geographical features, clearly not relevant here.

In the context, we're talking about the sound made by the ropes moving. This is the particular auditory effect produced by the movement of the ropes - sense 1 fits best. It's comparing the amount of sound (the auditory effect) made by the ropes to the sound made by the bells.
The first sense definition captures exactly what's happening here: the specific auditory effect created by the rope's movement. The answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the <t>bells</t> themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes bell ringers pulling ropes connected to physical bells in a church. The passage refers to "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling," indicating the actual bell instruments (hollow metal devices that ring when struck) suspended above the ringing chamber, not the sound they produce or any other meaning.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "bells" is being used.

The context is about bell ringing in a church. The passage describes:
- Bell ringers at St. Mary Abbot church in London
- Ringers standing in a circle pulling ropes that go through the ceiling
- The ropes make sound as much as the "bells" themselves
- The bells are "muffled by the ceiling"

This is clearly about church bells - the physical bell instruments that are struck to produce sound. The bells are suspended above the ringing chamber and are activated by pulling ropes.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This is the basic definition of a bell as a physical object
2. "a push button at an outer door" - doorbell/buzzer - not relevant
3. "the sound of a bell being struck" - This is about the sound/tone, not the physical object
4. "nautical time signals" - Not relevant to church bells
5. "the shape of a bell" - Not about the physical bell itself
6-8. These are about people named Bell - not relevant
9. "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells" - This is about a set of bells (like a carillon), but not the individual bells being rung
10. "the flared opening of a tubular device" - Not relevant

The context is clearly talking about the physical bells themselves. The passage mentions "each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole... the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

This refers to the actual bell instruments that are being rung by the ringers. Sense 1 is the best fit: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - this describes the physical bell that the ringers are ringing by pulling the ropes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: muffle
Target surface form: muffled
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, <t>muffled</t> by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=muffle%2:35:00:: | definition=conceal or hide | synonyms=smother, stifle, strangle, repress | examples=smother a yawn; muffle one's anger
2. sense_key=muffle%2:39:00:: | definition=deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping | synonyms=mute, dull, damp, dampen, tone down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes bells whose sound is "muffled by the ceiling." This refers to the deadening or dampening of the sound itself, which matches sense 2: "deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping." The ceiling acts to reduce the loudness of the bell sounds, which aligns with synonyms like "dull," "damp," and "tone down." Sense 1 (conceal or hide) is not applicable here since the focus is on the acoustic property of the sound being reduced, not on hiding or concealing something.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "muffled" is being used.

In the passage, the author is describing the sound of bells in a church. The text says: "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

Here, "muffled" is describing the bells - their sound is being muffled/deadened by the ceiling. The ceiling is reducing or dampening the sound of the bells.

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1 (muffle%2:35:00::): "conceal or hide" - with synonyms: smother, stifle, strangle, repress. Examples include "smother a yawn; muffle one's anger"

2. Sense 2 (muffle%2:39:00::): "deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping" - with synonyms: mute, dull, damp, dampen, tone down

In the context, the bells are muffled by the ceiling. This is clearly about the sound being deadened or reduced, not about concealing something in an abstract sense. The ceiling is dampening/deadening the sound of the bells.

This clearly matches Sense 2, which is about deadening a sound or noise.

The answer should be index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ceiling
Target surface form: ceiling
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the <t>ceiling</t>. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ceiling%1:06:00:: | definition=the overhead upper surface of a covered space | examples=he hated painting the ceiling
2. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:00:: | definition=(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds
3. sense_key=ceiling%1:10:00:: | definition=an upper limit on what is allowed | synonyms=roof, cap | examples=he put a ceiling on the number of women who worked for him; there was a roof on salaries
4. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum altitude at which a plane can fly (under specified conditions)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes the physical overhead surface of the ringing chamber in a church, through which ropes disappear and which dampens the sound of the bells. This is a straightforward literal use of "ceiling" as the overhead upper surface of an enclosed space, matching sense 1.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "ceiling" and I need to find the best sense from the four options given.

Let me analyze the context:
"each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

The text is describing a physical location - the ringing chamber in a church. The ceiling is described as:
1. "high ceiling of the ringing chamber" - suggests a physical structure
2. "muffled by the ceiling" - the ceiling is a physical material that dampens sound

This is clearly referring to the physical overhead surface of the room.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "the overhead upper surface of a covered space" - This matches perfectly. The ceiling is the overhead surface of the ringing chamber. The example "he hated painting the ceiling" also supports this literal, physical meaning.

2. "(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds" - This is a meteorological term, not relevant to the context of an indoor church ringing chamber.

3. "an upper limit on what is allowed" - This is a figurative/abstract use of ceiling, not relevant here.

4. "maximum altitude at which a plane can fly" - This is specific to aviation, not relevant.

The answer is clearly sense 1, which refers to the literal, physical overhead surface of a room.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: absorbed
Target surface form: absorbed
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally <t>absorbed</t>, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:attentive:00 | definition=giving or marked by complete attention to; ; ; - Walter de la Mare | synonyms=captive, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped | examples=that engrossed look or rapt delight; then wrapped in dreams
2. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:unreflected:00 | definition=retained without reflection | examples=the absorbed light intensity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates that "absorbed" describes the ringers' complete attention and focus on their task—they are "Totally absorbed" in watching the ropes and timing their pulls. This matches the first sense definition of "giving or marked by complete attention to," with synonyms like "engrossed" and "intent" that directly apply to their concentrated mental state during the bell-ringing practice. The second sense about physical absorption of light is inapplicable here.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "absorbed" in the context of bell ringers who are "Totally absorbed" while ringing bells.

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:attentive:00
   - Definition: "giving or marked by complete attention to"
   - Synonyms: captive, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped
   - Examples: "that engrossed look or rapt delight; then wrapped in dreams"
   - This refers to being deeply focused and attentive

2. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:unreflected:00
   - Definition: "retained without reflection"
   - Examples: "the absorbed light intensity"
   - This refers to something being absorbed in a physical sense (like light being absorbed)

In the context of the passage, the ringers are "Totally absorbed" - they are deeply focused on their task, watching the ropes, timing their pulls. The passage describes them as giving complete attention to their work. This is clearly about being attentive and engrossed in the activity, not about physical absorption of light or matter.

The first sense is the correct one because:
- The context shows the ringers are completely focused and attentive
- The synonyms (engrossed, wrapped, intent) all fit the context
- The phrase "Totally absorbed" describes their mental state of concentration

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the <t>ringers</t> stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly describes people engaged in church bell ringing at St. Mary Abbot church, pulling ropes connected to bronze bells in the belfry. The passage explicitly refers to them as ringers performing bell ringing practices with specific methods and peals. This directly corresponds to sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "ringers" in this passage.

The context is about church bell ringing. The passage describes:
- "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle"
- They are pulling ropes connected to bells
- "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly"
- The ringers are pulling ropes that control these church bells
- The passage discusses the practice of bell ringing, patterns of changes called "methods"

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
   - This directly matches the context. The passage is explicitly about people ringing church bells.

2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
   - This doesn't fit the context at all. There's no discussion of someone being identical to another.

3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
   - This doesn't fit either. While there is a competitive element (the practice and performance), the passage doesn't suggest anyone is entering under false pretenses.

4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
   - This is about horseshoes/quoits, not bell ringing. Doesn't fit.

The best answer is clearly sense 1, which is "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)". The passage is entirely about bell ringers in a church setting, pulling ropes to ring the church bells.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stare
Target surface form: stare
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers <t>stare</t> straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stare%2:39:00:: | definition=look at with fixed eyes | synonyms=gaze | examples=The students stared at the teacher with amazement
2. sense_key=stare%2:29:00:: | definition=fixate one's eyes | examples=The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes the ringers being "totally absorbed" and staring "straight ahead" with fixed attention on their task. Sense 1 ("look at with fixed eyes") captures this action most accurately. The description emphasizes an intentional, focused gaze directed straight ahead, which aligns with the definition and the provided example of students staring at a teacher with a fixed gaze. Sense 2's "fixate one's eyes" is more about the physiological fixation mechanism, whereas the context emphasizes the deliberate, absorbed act of looking straight ahead.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to choose the best sense for "stare" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Now let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=stare%2:39:00:: | definition=look at with fixed eyes | synonyms=gaze | examples=The students stared at the teacher with amazement

2. sense_key=stare%2:29:00:: | definition=fixate one's eyes | examples=The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly

In the context, the ringers are "totally absorbed" and "stare straight ahead." The key phrase is "using peripheral vision" - they're looking fixedly straight ahead while actually monitoring their surroundings with peripheral vision.

Sense 1: "look at with fixed eyes" - this emphasizes the action of looking with fixed eyes at something, with "gaze" as a synonym. The example shows students staring at the teacher, which is looking in a specific direction.

Sense 2: "fixate one's eyes" - this emphasizes the fixation of the eyes themselves, the act of directing and maintaining focus of the eyes.

In the context, the ringers are "stare straight ahead" - they are fixating their gaze in a straight ahead direction. The description emphasizes that despite their fixed forward gaze, they use peripheral vision to monitor other ropes.

Both senses seem to apply, but the difference is subtle:
- Sense 1 is more about "looking at" something with fixed eyes
- Sense 2 is more about "fixating" the eyes - the act of directing the gaze

Given the context emphasizes "straight ahead" and the nature of fixating their vision in one direction while using peripheral vision for the actual monitoring, I think sense 2 (fixate one's eyes) is more precise. However, both could work.
Actually, reconsidering the phrasing—"stare straight ahead" parallels the example "stared at the teacher" more closely. Sense 1 captures the standard usage better here, so I'll go with that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: straight
Target surface form: straight
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare <t>straight</t> ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=straight%4:02:05:: | definition=without deviation | synonyms=directly, direct | examples=the path leads directly to the lake; went direct to the office
2. sense_key=straight%4:02:04:: | definition=in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly | synonyms=directly, flat | examples=he didn't answer directly; told me straight out
3. sense_key=straight%4:02:00:: | definition=in a straight line; in a direct course | examples=the road runs straight

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The phrase "stare straight ahead" describes the direction of the ringers' gaze moving in a direct course without deviation—they are looking straight forward in a line. This matches sense 3 ("in a straight line; in a direct course") best, as exemplified by similar spatial/directional uses. Sense 2 (forthright manner/candidly) is inappropriate for describing direction of vision, and sense 1, while dealing with "without deviation," is less precise for describing directional movement than sense 3's explicit "in a straight line" formulation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "straight" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

The target word is "straight" and it appears in the phrase "stare straight ahead."

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=straight%4:02:05:: | definition=without deviation | synonyms=directly, direct | examples=the path leads directly to the lake; went direct to the office

2. sense_key=straight%4:02:04:: | definition=in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly | synonyms=directly, flat | examples=he didn't answer directly; told me straight out

3. sense_key=straight%4:02:00:: | definition=in a straight line; in a direct course | examples=the road runs straight

In the context "stare straight ahead," the word "straight" is describing the direction of their gaze - they are staring directly ahead, in a straight line, not deviating. The ringers are looking straight ahead (in a direct course, without deviation).

Looking at the three senses:
- Sense 1 (without deviation) - This fits well with "straight ahead"
- Sense 2 (forthright manner, candidly) - This doesn't fit. This is about manner of speech, not direction of gaze
- Sense 3 (in a straight line; in a direct course) - This also fits well with "straight ahead"

Between sense 1 and sense 3, they're very similar. Sense 3 explicitly says "in a straight line; in a direct course" with the example "the road runs straight." This seems to match "stare straight ahead" better - looking in a direct course/straight line.
Sense 1 focuses on the absence of deviation along a path, whereas sense 3 directly captures the geometric quality of the gaze itself—moving in a straight line toward a fixed point ahead. The example "the road runs straight" parallels how the ringers' eyes run straight ahead, making sense 3 the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ahead
Target surface form: ahead
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight <t>ahead</t>, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ahead%4:02:00:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy
2. sense_key=ahead%4:02:06:: | definition=toward the future; forward in time | synonyms=forward | examples=I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring; I look forward to seeing you
3. sense_key=ahead%4:02:02:: | definition=in a forward direction | synonyms=onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader | examples=go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly
4. sense_key=ahead%4:02:01:: | definition=ahead of time; in anticipation | synonyms=in advance, beforehand | examples=when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount; We like to plan ahead
5. sense_key=ahead%4:02:05:: | definition=to a more advanced or advantageous position | examples=a young man sure to get ahead; pushing talented students ahead
6. sense_key=ahead%4:02:04:: | definition=to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future) | examples=moved the appointment ahead from Tuesday to Monday; pushed the deadline ahead from Tuesday to Wednesday
7. sense_key=ahead%4:02:03:: | definition=leading or ahead in a competition | synonyms=out front, in the lead | examples=the horse was three lengths ahead going into the home stretch; ahead by two pawns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "ahead" in "the ringers stare straight ahead" describes the direction of their gaze—looking at or in the front/forward direction. This matches sense 1 ("at or in the front"), which captures the spatial orientation of where they are looking, similar to the example "the road ahead is foggy." While sense 3 emphasizes forward movement, the context here is about the direction of attention/gaze rather than physical movement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "ahead" in this sentence:

"Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision..."

The sentence is describing bell ringers in a ringing chamber. They are staring straight ahead. This is describing their gaze direction - they're looking in front of them, in the forward direction.

Let me go through the candidate senses:

1. "at or in the front" - This could fit, as it describes looking in front of them.
2. "toward the future; forward in time" - No, this is about future time, not applicable here.
3. "in a forward direction" - This describes movement/direction forward, which fits the context of staring ahead.
4. "ahead of time; in anticipation" - No, not about timing.
5. "to a more advanced or advantageous position" - No, not about position advancement.
6. "to a different or a more advanced time" - No, not about time.
7. "leading or ahead in a competition" - No, not about competition.

Between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 focuses on "at or in the front" and examples show spatial location (lights ahead, the road ahead)
- Sense 3 is "in a forward direction" with examples about movement (go ahead, the train moved ahead)

The phrase is "stare straight ahead" - this is about the direction of their gaze, looking forward. Both sense 1 and 3 could apply, but sense 1 seems more about describing the position/location in front ("at or in the front"), while sense 3 is more about the direction of movement or orientation.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1's examples: "I see the lights of a town ahead" - this is about something being in front of you spatially. "The road ahead is foggy" - also spatial location.
Sense 3's examples focus on active movement—going or moving forward—whereas "stare straight ahead" describes where their visual focus is directed, not a physical movement. This makes sense 1 the better match, as it captures the spatial orientation of their gaze toward what lies in front of them.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, <t>using</t> peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "using" in this context means the ringers are putting their peripheral vision into service/employing it for the specific purpose of watching the other ropes and timing their pulls. This matches sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose," which is synonymous with utilize, apply, and employ.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "using" is being employed.

Context: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

In this sentence, "using" means the ringers are employing or utilizing their peripheral vision to watch the other ropes. They are putting peripheral vision into service for the purpose of watching the ropes.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" - This fits. Using peripheral vision = employing/putting into service their peripheral vision. Examples include "use your head" which is similar in spirit.

2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: "take or consume (regularly or habitually)" - This doesn't fit. They're not consuming peripheral vision.

3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: "use up, consume fully" - This doesn't fit. They're not consuming or using up their peripheral vision.

4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: "seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage" - This could potentially fit in a broader sense, but it's more about manipulating people or things to one's advantage, which isn't quite what's happening here.

5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: "avail oneself to" / "practice, apply" - This could fit, as applying peripheral vision is similar. But it's less precise than sense 1.

6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: "habitually do something (use only in the past tense)" - This doesn't fit. The verb is in present tense ("using"), and this is clearly not about a habitual past action.
Sense 1 is the clearest match—the ringers are putting their peripheral vision to work for a specific purpose: coordinating their bell-ringing by watching the other ropes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: call
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they <t>call</t> it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "they call it 'rope-sight'" refers to the ringers assigning a name to the technique of using peripheral vision to watch the ropes. This matches sense 1, which defines "call" as "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to," with the example "They named their son David" showing the same pattern of giving a designation or label to something.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word is "call" in this phrase: "they call it 'rope-sight'"

The context is about bell ringers who are watching ropes using peripheral vision. They refer to this technique as "rope-sight" - they "call it 'rope-sight'".

So the meaning here is "to name" or "to refer to as" - they give the name "rope-sight" to the technique of using peripheral vision to watch the ropes.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" - This is about naming something with a proper name
2. "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" - This is about calling someone/something a name that describes them
3. "get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone"
4. "utter a sudden loud cry"
5. "order, request, or command to come"
6. "pay a brief visit"
7. "call a meeting"
8. "read aloud to check for omissions"
9. "send a message or attempt to reach someone"
10. "utter a characteristic note or cry"
11. "stop or postpone"
12. "greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name"
13. "make a stop in a harbour"
14. "demand payment"
15. "make a demand, as for a card or a suit"
16. "give the calls for a square dance"
17. "indicate a decision"
18. "make a prediction"
19. "require the presentation for redemption"
20. "challenge somebody"
21. "declare in the capacity of an umpire"
22. "lure by imitating the characteristic call"
23. "order or request"
24. "order, summon, or request for a specific duty"
25. "utter in a loud voice or announce"
26. "challenge the sincerity"
27. "consider or regard as being"
28. "rouse somebody from sleep"

The phrase is "they call it 'rope-sight'" - this is giving a name to something. Sense 1 says "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" which fits well. Sense 2 is also about naming. Sense 12 is about addressing/greeting with a name or title. Sense 27 says "consider or regard as being" which could also work.

The most direct meaning is sense 1 - they name/assign the name "rope-sight" to what they do with their vision. This is assigning a name to describe a technique or concept. Though sense 27 "consider or regard as being" might be closer - "they call it rope-sight" means they regard or consider it to be rope-sight, which is a way of thinking about what the term means in this context.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate though, since the ringers are fundamentally assigning a label to their visual technique.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: watch
Target surface form: watch
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to <t>watch</t> the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=watch%2:39:00:: | definition=look attentively | examples=watch a basketball game
2. sense_key=watch%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
3. sense_key=watch%2:39:05:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=view, see, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
4. sense_key=watch%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=look on | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
5. sense_key=watch%2:39:01:: | definition=be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful | synonyms=look out, watch out | examples=Watch out for pickpockets!
6. sense_key=watch%2:39:03:: | definition=observe or determine by looking | examples=Watch how the dog chases the cats away
7. sense_key=watch%2:32:09:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context shows that the ringers need to "watch the other ropes...thus time their pulls" - they are actively following the movement of the other ropes with their eyes and minds to maintain synchronized timing. This matches sense 2 ("follow with the eyes or the mind"), particularly given its synonyms of "observe," "follow," and "keep an eye on," which capture the active tracking required in this bell-ringing coordination task.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word is "watch" in the sentence: "using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

The context is about bell ringers who are performing a synchronized bell-ringing activity. They need to observe the other ropes to time their own pulls correctly. They use their peripheral vision to watch the other ropes.

Let me consider each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=watch%2:39:00:: | definition=look attentively | examples=watch a basketball game
   - This is about looking attentively at something, which fits

2. sense_key=watch%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on
   - This is about following something with eyes/mind, being attentive. This fits well - they're following the other ropes with their eyes

3. sense_key=watch%2:39:05:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=view, see, catch, take in
   - This is just "see or watch", pretty generic

4. sense_key=watch%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=look on
   - This is about observing with attention, which fits

5. sense_key=watch%2:41:01:: | definition=be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful
   - This is about being vigilant, not about observing

6. sense_key=watch%2:39:03:: | definition=observe or determine by looking
   - This is about observing to understand or determine something

7. sense_key=watch%2:32:09:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty
   - This is about determining something with certainty

The core task here is tracking the other ropes to coordinate timing. Sense 2 best captures this because it emphasizes following with the eyes—they're not passively looking but actively tracking the ropes' movements to maintain synchronization. The synonyms "follow" and "keep an eye on" directly reflect what bell ringers must do to pull in unison.

The answer is sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the <t>other</t> ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "other" in the context refers to the ropes that are different from the one each ringer is pulling. The sentence describes them watching "the other ropes" to coordinate their timing. This matches sense 1, which defines "other" as "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - the other ropes are different from their own rope. The examples ("other public works") demonstrate this same basic sense of referring to additional or different items.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for "other" in this sentence:

"Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the <t>other</t> ropes and thus time their pulls."

Context analysis:
- The sentence is describing ringers watching "the other ropes"
- This means they are watching the ropes that are NOT their own rope
- It's referring to a different set of ropes than the one they are pulling

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: - "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - This fits. The ringers are pulling one rope each and watching the OTHER ropes (the different ones). Examples: "today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works" - This is the basic sense of "other" meaning "different" or "additional"

2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 - "recently past" (like "the other evening") - This doesn't fit. We're not talking about time here.

3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 - "belonging to the distant past; early, former" - This doesn't fit either.

4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 - "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" - This doesn't fit. The other ropes aren't described as strange or unusual.

The clear best fit is sense 1, which is the basic meaning of "other" - referring to different or additional items (ropes in this case) that are not the one already mentioned (their own rope).

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}