[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "ringer" is being used in this sentence.

The context is about:
- Skilled bell ringers
- Church bells
- Bell ringing as an activity
- The bell ringers work in the tower of a church
- They perform changes (bell ringing changes)
- They work up a sweat while ringing
- After ringing, they leave the belfry and go to the pub

The sentence in question: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Given the extensive context about bell ringing, the tower, the belfry, and the activity of ringing bells, it's clear that "ringers" refers to people who ring church bells.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - This directly matches the context. The passage is all about bell ringers, their skill in manipulating bell swings, and their work in the belfry/tower.

2. "a person who is almost identical to another" (dead ringer) - This doesn't fit the context at all. There's no discussion of people being identical.

3. "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - While there is an element of competition in bell ringing changes, the definition specifically refers to being entered under "false pretenses," which isn't mentioned in the context.

4. "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg" - This is completely unrelated to the context about bell ringing.

The best answer is clearly sense 1, which is about people who ring church bells.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The target phrase "think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" expresses how ringers regard or consider the church. This matches sense 3 ("look on as or consider") with its synonyms "regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be." The example "she looked on this affair as a joke" parallels the structure of the context sentence perfectly—both express a viewpoint or evaluation of something.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

This is saying that ringers regard or consider the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. They have a particular opinion or view of what the church is in relation to the belfry.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "keep in mind for attention or consideration" - This doesn't fit. The ringers aren't trying to remember something or keep it in mind.

2. "take into consideration, have in view" - This could work, but the examples given (He entertained the notion of moving to South America) don't quite match.

3. "look on as or consider" - This seems perfect. The synonyms are "repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be". The example "she looked on this affair as a joke" is very similar to our sentence. The ringers "think of the church as something stuck on the bottom" - they consider/regard the church as something stuck on the bottom.

4. "intend to refer to" - This doesn't fit. They're not referring to something; they're expressing an opinion about what the church is.

5. "devise or invent" - This doesn't fit at all. They're not inventing something.

6. "choose in one's mind" - This doesn't fit. They're not choosing something in their mind.

The best answer is sense 3: "look on as or consider" with synonyms like "regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be". This matches the context where ringers regard/consider the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "church" in this passage.

The relevant sentence is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

The context is about bell ringers in a church tower. The passage mentions:
- "Skilled ringers use their wrists..." (bell ringing in a church tower)
- "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells"
- "at St. Mary Abbot" (a specific church location)
- The ringers work in the tower/belfry
- "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The key phrase is "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." This suggests the church is being thought of as a physical location/building - specifically the building structure that sits below the belfry (bell tower) where the ringers work.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship" - This is about a denomination or Christian organization, not what's being described here.

2. "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" / "church building" - This fits! The ringers are in the belfry (bell tower) of a church building, and they think of the church building as something below them (stuck on the bottom of the belfry).

3. "a service conducted in a house of worship" - This doesn't fit. The passage doesn't refer to a church service.

4. "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church" - This could fit somewhat (a congregation), but the metaphor "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" suggests a physical structure, not a group of people.

The best answer is sense 2 - the physical building where worship happens.

The image of something "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" only makes sense when thinking of the church as an actual structure—the architectural building beneath the bell tower where the ringers operate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes the church as being "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - referring to the lowest part of the belfry structure. This matches sense 2 ("the lowest part of anything"), which is exemplified by similar spatial descriptions like "bottom of the hill." The passage uses "bottom" to indicate the lowest position of the church relative to the bell tower above it.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for "bottom" in this passage about bell ringers.

The sentence is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry."

The belfry is the bell tower where the bell-ringers are working. The church building itself is physically below the belfry (the bell tower is on top of or part of the church structure). So "bottom of the belfry" refers to the lower side or lowest part of the belfry structure.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "the lower side of anything" (underside, undersurface) - This could work. The bottom of the belfry would be the lower side of it.

2. "the lowest part of anything" (examples: bottom of the hill) - This also fits. The bottom of the belfry is the lowest part of the belfry.

3. "the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on" - Clearly not relevant here.

4. "the second half of an inning (baseball)" - Not relevant.

5. "a depression forming the ground under a body of water" - Not relevant.

6. "low-lying alluvial land near a river" - Not relevant.

7. "a cargo ship" - Not relevant.

Between senses 1 and 2:
- Sense 1 focuses on "lower side" (underside, undersurface)
- Sense 2 focuses on "lowest part"

In this context, "bottom of the belfry" refers to the lowest part of the belfry structure. The church is described as being "stuck on the bottom" - meaning at the lowest part of the belfry.

Sense 2 ("the lowest part of anything") seems like the best fit here, as it directly describes the lowest part of a structure, with examples like "bottom of the hill" which is analogous.
Both interpretations work—the underside or the lowest part—but sense 2 aligns better with how we describe the lowest portion of structures, similar to "bottom of the hill."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: complete
Target surface form: completed
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes ringers finishing their bell-ringing performance ("When their changes are completed"). The verb "completed" here means to bring something to a finish or an end - the changes/patterns have been finished. This directly matches sense 1 ("come or bring to a finish or an end"), as exemplified by similar usages like "She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "completed" in this passage.

The context is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."

Here, "changes" refers to the bell ringing changes/patterns that the ringers are performing. The sentence is saying that when the ringers have finished performing their changes/patterns, they go to the pub.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "come or bring to a finish or an end" - This means to finish something. Examples: "He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree"

2. "bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements" - This means to make something whole by adding missing parts. Example: "A child would complete the family"

3. "complete or carry out" - This means to execute or perform. Synonyms: dispatch, discharge. Examples: "discharge one's duties"

4. "complete a pass" - This is specific to sports (football/American football)

5. "write all the required information onto a form" - This is about filling out forms

In the context, the ringers have "completed" their changes - meaning they have finished performing the bell ringing changes. This is clearly sense 1: "come or bring to a finish or an end" which means to finish.

Sense 3 could also be interpreted as "carry out" which would mean they've performed/executed the changes, but sense 1 is more direct - the changes are completed/finished when they're done.

The best fit is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work_up
Target surface form: worked up
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."

The phrase "worked up a sweat" is an idiom that means they have developed/accumulated sweat through their physical exertion during bell ringing.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | "form or accumulate steadily" | synonyms: build up, build, progress | examples: "Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border"
   - This could fit, as sweat can accumulate steadily during physical activity.

2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | "develop" | synonyms: get up | examples: "we worked up an appetite"
   - This seems like a good fit. "Worked up an appetite" is very similar to "worked up a sweat" - both involve developing/acquiring something through activity.

3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | "bolster or strengthen" | synonyms: build up, build, ramp up | examples: "We worked up courage; build up confidence"
   - This could work - courage and confidence are similar to sweat in that they're acquired through effort.

4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | "come up with" | synonyms: work out | examples: "His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client"
   - This doesn't fit well. It's about creating/producing something novel, not about accumulating sweat.

The most natural fit is sense 2, which explicitly uses the example "we worked up an appetite" - this is parallel to "worked up a sweat." Both are about developing/acquiring a physiological state through activity.
Sense 1 also has merit given how sweat builds up gradually, but the appetite example in sense 2 provides the clearest parallel to the bell ringers' situation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sweat
Target surface form: sweat
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "worked up a sweat" in this context refers to the literal perspiration that the bell ringers produce as a result of their physical exertion. After completing their bell ringing (which is physically demanding work), they have perspired enough to leave the church. This is the most direct and contextually appropriate meaning - the salty fluid secreted by sweat glands from physical activity.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "sweat" is used:

"When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."

The phrase is "worked up a sweat" - this is a common idiomatic expression meaning they have exerted themselves and are perspiring from the physical effort of ringing the church bells.

Let me consider each sense:

1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor
   - This refers to the literal perspiration fluid that comes out of sweat glands
   - "worked up a sweat" means they perspired as a result of physical exertion
   - This seems like the most literal and contextually appropriate meaning

2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither
   - This is about anxiety or worry, not physical perspiration
   - Doesn't fit the context - they're not worried, they're physically exerting themselves

3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface
   - This is about moisture on glass or cold surfaces
   - Doesn't fit the context at all

4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail
   - This could be a metaphorical interpretation where "sweat" means work/effort
   - But "worked up a sweat" is more naturally interpreted as perspiration from exertion

The context is about bell ringers who have been physically working (ringing bells is physically demanding) and have "worked up a sweat." This is the literal perspiration that comes from physical exertion.
The first sense captures it perfectly—the actual bodily fluid produced during their strenuous bell-ringing work.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, <t>ringers</t> often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "ringers" is being used.

From the passage:
- The context is about church bells and ringing
- Dorothy L. Sayers described "ringing" as a passion with "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
- "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
- Stephanie Pattenden is described as "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers"
- "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry"
- "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub"

This is clearly about people who ring church bells. The passage discusses:
1. The art and skill of bell ringing
2. People who perform this activity
3. Their passion for the practice
4. Their physical exertion ("worked up a sweat")

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "a person who rings church bells" - This matches perfectly with the context
2. "a person who is almost identical to another" - This doesn't fit
3. "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - This doesn't fit
4. "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit" - This doesn't fit

The answer is clearly sense 1, which is about people who ring church bells.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "often" in this context describes how frequently ringers skip off to the local pub—a repeated action happening many times. This matches sense 1 ("many times at short intervals") with its synonyms "frequently" and "oftentimes," and is directly parallel to the provided example "we often met over a cup of coffee." The sentence conveys habitual, repeated behavior rather than quantity (sense 2) or general cases (sense 3).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "often" in the given sentence.

The sentence in question is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The word "often" is used to describe the frequency of an action (ringers skipping off to the local pub). It indicates that this is something that happens repeatedly or regularly, many times.

Let me examine the three candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" with synonyms "frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes" and example "we often met over a cup of coffee"
   - This is about something happening many times at short intervals, with frequent repetition
   - The example "we often met over a cup of coffee" matches the pattern of repeated meetings

2. Sense 2: "frequently or in great quantities" with synonyms "much, a great deal" and example "I don't drink much; I don't travel much"
   - This sense seems to focus on quantity/degree rather than temporal frequency
   - The example is more about "much" rather than "often"
   - This doesn't seem to fit well with the temporal sense we need

3. Sense 3: "in many cases or instances"
   - This is about frequency across different cases or instances
   - More general/habitual sense

In the context, "often" describes how frequently ringers skip off to the pub - it's about an action that happens repeatedly and frequently. This is a temporal frequency meaning, which matches Sense 1 best.

Sense 1 with "many times at short intervals" and the synonym "frequently" directly matches the usage in the context. The sentence is saying that ringers repeatedly/frequently skip off to the pub.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skip
Target surface form: skip
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often <t>skip</t> off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=jump, pass over, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00:: | definition=intentionally fail to attend | synonyms=cut | examples=cut class
3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00:: | definition=jump lightly | synonyms=hop, hop-skip
4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02:: | definition=leave suddenly | synonyms=decamp, vamoose | examples=She persuaded him to decamp; skip town
5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03:: | definition=bound off one point after another | synonyms=bound off
6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to skip over a surface | synonyms=skim, skitter | examples=Skip a stone across the pond

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context shows ringers "skip off to the local pub" after completing their work. The phrase "skip off to" indicates a sudden departure or leaving of a place. This matches sense 4 ("leave suddenly"), with synonyms "decamp" and "vamoose" and the parallel example "skip town." The other senses don't fit: it's not about bypassing something (1), missing an event (2), light physical hopping movement (3), or bouncing/skipping objects (5, 6).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context around the word "skip" in this passage about church bell ringers.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The key phrase is "skip off to the local pub" - this suggests they're leaving quickly and going somewhere else (the pub).

Let me look at each sense:

1. "bypass" - to intentionally avoid or omit something. This could fit "skip" in the sense of skipping over something, but the context doesn't suggest they're bypassing something.

2. "intentionally fail to attend" - this is about not attending something. This could fit, as they're leaving church/worship, but it's more specific to missing classes or similar.

3. "jump lightly" - to move lightly by hopping. This could describe the physical motion of "skipping" but doesn't capture the idea of going somewhere.

4. "leave suddenly" - to depart quickly or abruptly. The synonyms are "decamp" and "vamoose" (which mean to leave hastily). The example "skip town" fits this sense well. Given the context "skip off to the local pub" - this seems like they're leaving the church/tower suddenly to go to the pub.

5. "bound off one point after another" - this is about bouncing movement, not fitting the context.

6. "cause to skip over a surface" - about skipping stones, not fitting the context.

The best fit is sense 4: "leave suddenly" with synonyms "decamp, vamoose". The phrase "skip off to the local pub" means they depart quickly/suddenly to go to the pub. The example "skip town" is directly parallel to "skip off to the pub."

The answer should be sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "local" here describes a pub in the ringers' neighborhood or area. It refers to something that belongs to or is characteristic of a particular locality, which matches sense 2 ("of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood"). This is clearly not about administrative jurisdiction (sense 1) or medical application (sense 3), but rather about a pub situated in the area where the ringers are located.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "local" is being used.

In the sentence: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The word "local" is describing a pub. Let me consider each sense:

1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: - relating to administration of a city/town/district (like local taxes, local authorities)
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: - of or belonging to a particular locality/neighborhood (like local customs, local schools)
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: - affecting only a restricted part of the body (medical context)

The context is about ringers going to "the local pub". This clearly refers to a pub in their particular neighborhood/locality - it's a pub that belongs to or is characteristic of the area where they are. It's not about municipal administration (sense 1), and it's definitely not medical (sense 3).

Sense 2 is the best fit: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" - this captures the idea that the pub is in their local area/neighborhood. The examples given for sense 2 are "local customs; local schools" which similarly refer to things belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality.

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leave
Target surface form: leaving
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, <t>leaving</t> worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leave%2:38:01:: | definition=go away from a place | synonyms=go forth, go away | examples=At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight
2. sense_key=leave%2:31:05:: | definition=go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness | examples=She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him
3. sense_key=leave%2:42:02:: | definition=act or be so as to become in a specified state | examples=The inflation left them penniless; The president's remarks left us speechless
4. sense_key=leave%2:30:02:: | definition=leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking | synonyms=leave alone, leave behind | examples=leave it as is; leave the young fawn alone
5. sense_key=leave%2:38:00:: | definition=move out of or depart from | synonyms=exit, go out, get out | examples=leave the room; the fugitive has left the country
6. sense_key=leave%2:42:01:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=allow for, allow, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
7. sense_key=leave%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=result, lead | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
8. sense_key=leave%2:41:00:: | definition=remove oneself from an association with or participation in | synonyms=depart, pull up stakes | examples=She wants to leave; The teenager left home
9. sense_key=leave%2:40:06:: | definition=put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care
10. sense_key=leave%2:40:01:: | definition=leave or give by will after one's death | synonyms=bequeath, will | examples=My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry; My grandfather left me his entire estate
11. sense_key=leave%2:42:03:: | definition=have left or have as a remainder | examples=That left the four of us; 19 minus 8 leaves 11
12. sense_key=leave%2:30:03:: | definition=be survived by after one's death | synonyms=leave behind | examples=He left six children; At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
13. sense_key=leave%2:40:02:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, give, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
14. sense_key=leave%2:31:02:: | definition=leave behind unintentionally | synonyms=forget | examples=I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant; I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

The context shows ringers departing from the worship service to go to a pub. Sense 8 ("remove oneself from an association with or participation in") best captures this meaning—the ringers are withdrawing from participation in worship. While sense 1 or 5 could work as general "departing," sense 8 is more precise because it emphasizes the removal from participation in a specific activity (worship), which is the key semantic contribution in this sentence.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "leaving" is used:

"When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The sentence structure suggests that "leaving worship" means they are going away from worship/the religious service, departing from the church without engaging in worship.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "go away from a place" - This could fit. They're going away from the church/worship.
2. "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness" - This could also fit. They're leaving behind the worship.
3. "act or be so as to become in a specified state" - Doesn't fit well.
4. "leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking" - Doesn't fit.
5. "move out of or depart from" - This fits well. They're departing from the worship.
6. "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain" - Doesn't fit.
7. "have as a result or residue" - Doesn't fit.
8. "remove oneself from an association with or participation in" - This fits! They're removing themselves from participation in worship.
9. "put into the care or protection of someone" - Doesn't fit.
10. "leave or give by will after one's death" - Doesn't fit.
11. "have left or have as a remainder" - Doesn't fit.
12. "be survived by after one's death" - Doesn't fit.
13. "transmit (knowledge or skills)" - Doesn't fit.
14. "leave behind unintentionally" - Could fit if it's unintentional.

The most appropriate sense seems to be sense 8: "remove oneself from an association with or participation in" because the ringers are departing from the worship/religious service.

Sense 8 best captures the withdrawal from the church service itself, emphasizing the disengagement from participation rather than just physical departure.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worship
Target surface form: worship
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of worshipping
2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of profound love and admiration | synonyms=adoration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The context indicates that ringers leave the bell tower and "skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." This refers to the religious activity/service occurring in the church—the act of worshipping. The passage emphasizes how bell ringers are focused on the technical and mechanical aspects of ringing rather than the religious ceremony itself. "Worship" here clearly means the activity of worshipping (religious observance), not a feeling of adoration.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "worship" is intended.

The sentence reads: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below."

The context is about bell ringers who are intensely focused on the technical, mechanical, and ritual aspects of bell ringing. The passage describes how ringers "think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - meaning they're more focused on the bell ringing itself than on the church's religious purpose.

So when the text says ringers "skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below," it's referring to the religious activity that happens in the church below the belfry - the actual act of worshipping/religious observance.

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "the activity of worshipping" - This refers to the action/activity of worship
2. Sense 2: "a feeling of profound love and admiration" - This is adoration, a feeling

In the context, "leaving worship for others below" means they are leaving the act of worshipping (the religious ceremony/activity) for the people in the church below to perform. This is clearly referring to the activity of worship, not the feeling of adoration.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct answer: "the activity of worshipping"

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: below
Target surface form: below
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others <t>below</t>. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower | synonyms=at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath
2. sense_key=below%4:02:00:: | definition=at a later place | examples=see below
3. sense_key=below%4:02:02:: | definition=(in writing) see below | synonyms=infra | examples=vide infra
4. sense_key=below%4:02:06:: | definition=on a floor below | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor | examples=the tenants live downstairs
5. sense_key=below%4:02:03:: | definition=further down | synonyms=under | examples=see under for further discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes ringers who are high in the church bell tower "leaving worship for others below." This refers to people in a physically lower location—those in the church proper on the ground level. The word "below" is used spatially to indicate people who are in a lower place relative to the ringers' position in the belfry. Sense 1 ("in or to a place that is lower") directly captures this physical spatial meaning, with synonyms like "beneath" and "at a lower place" fitting perfectly with the tower/ground floor relationship implied in the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "below" carefully.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others <t>below</t>."

The context is about ringers in a church bell tower. They are high up in the belfry/tower. When they leave, they're leaving worship for "others below." This means the people who are physically lower down in the church - those on the ground level/in the church proper who are engaged in worship.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower | synonyms=at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath
   - This means in or to a place that is lower. "Others below" would mean others in a lower place/physical location.

2. sense_key=below%4:02:00:: | definition=at a later place | examples=see below
   - This is for references in text (like "see below"), not about physical location.

3. sense_key=below%4:02:02:: | definition=(in writing) see below | synonyms=infra | examples=vide infra
   - This is also about references in writing.

4. sense_key=below%4:02:06:: | definition=on a floor below | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor | examples=the tenants live downstairs
   - This is about being on a floor below, downstairs, in a building.

5. sense_key=below%4:02:03:: | definition=further down | synonyms=under | examples=see under for further discussion
   - This seems to be about further down in a text or hierarchical context.

In this context, the ringers are in the tower (high up), and they're leaving "worship for others below" - meaning others in the church who are at a lower physical location. This is clearly a spatial/physical reference.
Sense 1 captures this most directly—people situated in a lower place than the ringers. While sense 4 about floors below could apply, sense 1 is the most straightforward match for the general spatial relationship being described.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit <t>well</t> with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

The phrase "does not sit well with some clerics" is an idiom meaning the behavior is not viewed favorably or with approval by the clerics. Sense 6 ("favorably; with approval") best captures this meaning - when something "sits well" with someone, it aligns with their approval and favorable regard. The negative form "does not sit well" indicates disapproval.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and find the best sense for "well" in the phrase "This does not sit well with some clerics."

The phrase "sit well with" is an idiom meaning to be acceptable or satisfactory to someone. In this case, it's saying that the fact that ringers skip off to pubs instead of attending church services is not acceptable/satisfactory to some clerics.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: - "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner" - This is about something being done in a good manner. The phrase "sit well" means to be acceptable/satisfactory. This could fit.

2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: - "thoroughly or completely; fully" - Not relevant here.

3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: - "indicating high probability" - Not relevant.

4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: - "entirely or fully" - Not relevant.

5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: - "to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree" - This could fit - things sitting "well" means sitting in an appropriate/suitable way.

6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: - "favorably; with approval" - "sit well" could mean "be approved of" or "be viewed favorably" - this seems very relevant.

7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: - "to a great extent or degree" - Not relevant.

8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: - "with great or especially intimate knowledge" - Not relevant.

9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: - "with prudence or propriety" - Could fit, but not the best.
The remaining senses don't apply—skill or pleasing manner, financial benefit, distress or resentment—none capture the core meaning. The strongest candidate is sense 6, since "sit well" fundamentally means something receives approval or is viewed favorably by someone.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: membership
Target surface form: membership
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With <t>membership</t> of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=membership%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of members of an organization or group | synonyms=rank | examples=they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks
2. sense_key=membership%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being a member

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling" refers to the collective body of members decreasing in number, which aligns with sense 1: "the body of members of an organization or group." The phrase treats membership as a countable/measurable entity that can decline, similar to the example "they polled their membership," rather than simply referring to the abstract state of being a member.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the two candidate senses for "membership".

The target sentence is: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

Let me examine both senses:

Sense 1: "the body of members of an organization or group" (synonyms: rank | examples: they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks)
- This refers to the collective body of members
- The example "they polled their membership" shows this is about the group as a whole

Sense 2: "the state of being a member"
- This refers to the condition or status of being a member

In the context: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling"

The phrase "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling" is talking about the total number/collective body of members decreasing. If we think about it:
- "membership dwindling" = the members (as a group/body) are decreasing
- This is about the body/group of members, not the abstract state

This fits better with Sense 1, which defines membership as "the body of members of an organization or group" and provides the example "they polled their membership," which is similar in usage - referring to the collective membership as an entity that can be counted or measured.

Sense 2 would be more like "the state of being a member" which would be more abstract (like "she has membership" meaning "she is a member" - the status).

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: steadily
Target surface form: steadily
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England <t>steadily</t> dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling" describes the rate or pace at which membership is declining. This matches sense 1 ("at a steady rate or pace"), which is also exemplified by the similar phrase "his interest eroded steadily." The adverb modifies the process of dwindling itself, indicating it happens continuously and at a consistent rate, rather than describing the manner in which an action is performed (which would be sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "steadily" in the sentence:

"With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

I need to determine which sense of "steadily" is being used here:

1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
   - This describes something happening continuously at a consistent rate
   - The example "his interest eroded steadily" is very similar to "membership... steadily dwindling"

2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily
   - This describes doing something in a steady/stable manner
   - The example "he could still walk steadily" is about performing an action steadily

In the context "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling," we're talking about the membership declining continuously at a steady rate/pace. This is similar to the example "his interest eroded steadily" in sense 1.

Sense 1 is describing a process happening continuously at a steady rate (eroding steadily, dwindling steadily).
Sense 2 is describing how an action is performed in a steady manner (walking steadily).

The use of "steadily dwindling" clearly aligns with sense 1 - describing the rate or pace at which something is happening (the dwindling is happening at a steady/continuous rate).

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicars
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed <t>vicars</t> are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context explicitly mentions "the Church of England" and describes "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon" - identifying him as a clergyman in charge of a parish (Great Torrington). This directly aligns with sense 3, which specifies a Church of England clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "vicar" is being used.

From the context:
- The text mentions "the Church of England steadily dwindling"
- It specifically says "Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon"
- The context is about Church of England clerics
- The vicar is described as someone in charge of a parish (Great Torrington is a specific parish)

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: - Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: - (Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: - (Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

The context explicitly mentions:
- "Church of England" (mentioned in the passage)
- "vicar of Great Torrington, Devon" - this is a parish, not a chapel
- The vicar is appointed to act as a priest of a parish

This clearly points to sense 3: "Church of England" clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: press
Target surface form: pressing
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are <t>pressing</t> equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=press%2:35:00:: | definition=exert pressure or force to or upon | examples=He pressed down on the boards; press your thumb on this spot
2. sense_key=press%2:32:00:: | definition=force or impel in an indicated direction | synonyms=urge, urge on, exhort | examples=I urged him to finish his studies
3. sense_key=press%2:42:01:: | definition=to be oppressive or burdensome; , | synonyms=weigh | examples=weigh heavily on the mind; Something pressed on his mind
4. sense_key=press%2:35:01:: | definition=place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure | examples=pressed flowers
5. sense_key=press%2:35:02:: | definition=squeeze or press together | synonyms=compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract | examples=she compressed her lips; the spasm contracted the muscle
6. sense_key=press%2:38:00:: | definition=crowd closely | examples=The crowds pressed along the street
7. sense_key=press%2:36:01:: | definition=create by pressing | examples=Press little holes into the soft clay
8. sense_key=press%2:42:00:: | definition=be urgent | examples=This is a pressing problem
9. sense_key=press%2:41:12:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights
10. sense_key=press%2:36:00:: | definition=press from a plastic | synonyms=press out | examples=press a record
11. sense_key=press%2:35:06:: | definition=make strenuous pushing movements during birth to expel the baby | synonyms=push | examples=`Now push hard,' said the doctor to the woman
12. sense_key=press%2:35:03:: | definition=press and smooth with a heated iron | synonyms=iron, iron out | examples=press your shirts; she stood there ironing
13. sense_key=press%2:33:00:: | definition=lift weights | synonyms=weight-lift | examples=This guy can press 300 pounds
14. sense_key=press%2:32:01:: | definition=ask for or request earnestly | synonyms=bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, conjure | examples=The prophet bid all people to become good persons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context shows that vicars are compelling the ringers to attend services. The phrase "pressing...to attend services" means forcing or impelling them to do so. Sense 2 ("force or impel in an indicated direction") with synonyms "urge, urge on, exhort" perfectly captures this meaning of urging someone earnestly toward a particular action.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word "pressing" appears in the phrase: "strong-willed vicars are <t>pressing</t> equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

Looking at the context, the vicars are trying to force or urge the ringers to attend services. This is about compelling them to do something, persuading them or exerting pressure on them to behave in a certain way.

Let me go through the senses:

1. sense_key=press%2:35:00:: | exert pressure or force to or upon - about physical pressure
2. sense_key=press%2:32:00:: | force or impel in an indicated direction | synonyms: urge, urge on, exhort - This looks very relevant! "Force or impel" and "urge" fit the context perfectly.
3. sense_key=press%2:42:01:: | to be oppressive or burdensome - doesn't fit
4. sense_key=press%2:35:01:: | place between two surfaces and apply weight - physical pressing, doesn't fit
5. sense_key=press%2:35:02:: | squeeze or press together - physical, doesn't fit
6. sense_key=press%2:38:00:: | crowd closely - doesn't fit
7. sense_key=press%2:36:01:: | create by pressing - doesn't fit
8. sense_key=press%2:42:00:: | be urgent - "a pressing problem" - but this is about urgency, not the action of compelling
9. sense_key=press%2:41:12:: | exert oneself continuously to gain an end or engage in a crusade | synonyms: crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate - This could fit, but it's more about advocating for a cause
10. sense_key=press%2:32:01:: | ask for or request earnestly | synonyms: bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, conjure - This also works, as earnestly requesting someone to attend aligns with the vicars' compelling behavior.

The most fitting sense appears to be sense_key=press%2:32:00:: about forcing or impelling someone in a direction, with the synonyms of urging and exhorting matching the scenario of vicars compelling ringers to attend services.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: equally
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing <t>equally</t> strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "equally" in this context means "to the same degree." The phrase "equally strong-willed" describes the ringers as having the same degree of strong-willedness as the vicars. This matches Sense 1's definition "to the same degree (often followed by `as')" perfectly.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "equally" in the given passage.

The relevant sentence is: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing <t>equally</t> strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

In this context, "equally" is being used to mean "to the same degree" or "in the same way." It's describing how the strong-willed ringers are, in comparison to the strong-willed vicars. The word is being used to indicate that the ringers are strong-willed in the same degree as the vicars are.

Let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "to the same degree (often followed by `as')" - This definition fits the context. The vicars are strong-willed and the ringers are described as "equally strong-willed," meaning they have the same degree of willingness.

2. Sense 2: "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way" - This definition is about distributing or dividing things equally, or acting in a fair/impartial manner. This doesn't fit as well because the context is about the degree to which ringers are strong-willed, not about equal distribution or balanced treatment.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "often" is being used.

Looking at the target word "often" in the sentence: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" - synonyms: frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes - example: "we often met over a cup of coffee"
   - This refers to something happening repeatedly at regular or frequent intervals

2. Sense 2: "frequently or in great quantities" - synonyms: much, a great deal - examples about drinking and traveling
   - This seems to refer to quantity or degree, not just frequency

3. Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" -
   - This refers to the frequency of occurrence across multiple cases/instances

In the context: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers"

The word "often" here is modifying "non-religious" - it's describing that a characteristic (being non-religious) is frequently or commonly found among the ringers. This is saying "in many cases, the ringers are non-religious" or "frequently, the ringers are non-religious."

This seems closest to sense 3: "in many cases or instances" - it's saying that in many instances, the ringers are non-religious.

However, sense 1 could also work - "frequently, the ringers are non-religious" - meaning the characteristic of being non-religious happens many times/frequently among them.

Looking more carefully at the distinction:
- Sense 1: focuses on time intervals, "many times at short intervals"
- Sense 3: focuses on cases/instances

The usage here is describing a characteristic that applies in many cases/instances of ringers, not necessarily repeated events at short time intervals. So sense 3 seems most appropriate.
Reconsidering the phrasing—"often non-religious" could work as sense 1 if emphasizing frequency, but sense 3 better captures the idea of a trait that's common across multiple instances within the group rather than events recurring at intervals. Sense 3 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious <t>ringers</t> to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "ringer" is being used.

The context is about church bell ringing in England. The passage discusses:
- Stephanie Pattenden, "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers"
- "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry"
- "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub"
- "Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"

This is clearly about people who ring church bells. The text mentions:
- Working up a sweat (physical activity of ringing bells)
- "Changes" (bell ringing terminology for specific patterns)
- "the belfry" (where church bells are)
- "picket line" (the bell ringers protested being fired)

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - This fits perfectly. The context is entirely about church bell ringing.

2. "a person who is almost identical to another" - This doesn't fit at all.

3. "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - This doesn't fit the context.

4. "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg" - This is about a sporting activity, not relevant.

The answer is clearly sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attend
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to <t>attend</t> services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates that vicars are pressing ringers to be present at church services. This matches sense 1: "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." The example provided for this sense ("I rarely attend services at my church") is directly analogous to the target usage in the passage about attending church services.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "attend" to determine the correct sense.

The context sentence is: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to <t>attend</t> services."

The word "attend" here is used with "services" (church services). The text is about vicars asking ringers to attend services at church.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." - This is clearly about being present at church services. The example includes "I rarely attend services at my church" which is almost identical to the context.

2. "take charge of or deal with" - This doesn't fit. The context is not about dealing with services.

3. "to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result" - This doesn't fit the context.

4. "work for or be a servant to" - This doesn't fit. The ringers are not being servants.

5. "give heed (to)" - This could potentially fit, as attending could mean "pay attention to," but the primary meaning in context is clearly about being physically present at services.

The clearest match is sense 1: "be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc." The example in this sense specifically mentions "I rarely attend services at my church" which is directly relevant to the context about attending church services.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}