[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: So
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "<t>So</t> crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

The target word "So" is used here as an interjection/adverbial that introduces and describes the manner of what follows—the vivid description of the ringers coming down with "crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang" sounds. This matches sense 6's definition "in the way indicated," where "so" points to or demonstrates the manner in which something happens, similar to "thus."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the target word "So" in this passage.

The sentence is: "<t>So</t> crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy

2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat

3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets

4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day

5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she

6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus

7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells

8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right

9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory

10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Looking at the usage: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above..." The word functions as an interjection introducing a narrative sequence or drawing attention to what follows, similar to how "then" or "and so" might connect events in a story.

The most fitting sense appears to be the one meaning "in the way indicated" - the "So" demonstrates how the ringers descend, marked by those crashing sounds. It's establishing the manner of their arrival, much like "thus" or "thusly" would convey the same idea.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- <t>here</t> come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The phrase "here come the ringers from above" uses "here" to indicate movement toward a location—the ringers are arriving/coming to this place from the bell tower. This matches sense 3 ("to this place, especially toward the speaker"), which has "come here" as a direct example of the same grammatical construction.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "here" to determine which sense is being used.

The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is" - This would mean the ringers are literally in the place where the speaker/writer is. The speaker is describing the sounds of the ringers coming from above, so this doesn't quite fit the movement aspect.

2. "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail" - This is about using "here" to point out a specific aspect or circumstance, like "here I must disagree." The example "what do we have here?" shows it's about pointing to something problematic or remarkable. This doesn't fit.

3. "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" - This means movement toward the speaker. The sentence says "here come the ringers from above" - this is describing the ringers coming/moving toward a location. The word "hither" is a synonym, which supports the motion interpretation. The phrase "come here" in the examples is exactly what we have - "come...here" indicates movement toward the speaker's location.

4. "at this time; now" - This is about temporal location, not spatial. "Here" wouldn't naturally mean "now" in this context.

Looking at the phrase "here come the ringers" - this is a structure that indicates the arrival or appearance of the ringers. It's describing them coming to this place from above. The movement/arrival interpretation (sense 3) fits best.

The answer should be sense 3.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: come
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here <t>come</t> the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

The phrase "here come the ringers from above" describes the ringers approaching and moving downward from the bell tower. This matches sense 1, which defines "come" as "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody." The example "He came singing down the road" is particularly parallel to the context of the ringers coming down from above while the congregation is at prayer.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

The vicar is describing the sound and action of the bell-ringers coming down from the bell tower. The phrase "here come the ringers" describes the ringers approaching/arriving at a particular location.

Let me look at the relevant senses:

1. sense 1: "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody" - Examples: "He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah" - This fits the idea of movement toward a place.

2. sense 2: "reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress" - Examples about arriving home or at Chicago - This fits the idea of arriving at a destination.

3. sense 3: "come to pass; arrive, as in due course" - Examples about things happening - This is more about events happening over time.

4. sense 4: "reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position" - Examples like "come to a boil" or "come to understand" - This is about entering a state.

5. sense 10: "exist or occur in a certain point in a series" - Examples: "Next came the student from France" - This is about sequence/ordering.

The key phrase is "here come the ringers." This is describing the physical arrival and movement of the ringers. It's not about arriving at a destination necessarily, but about approaching/coming down from the bell tower and making their exit.

Sense 1 (move toward, approach) or sense 2 (reach a destination; arrive) seem most likely.

Looking at the context more carefully: "the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit" - they are coming down from above. The "here come" construction is used to describe their approach/arrival in a scene.
Between the two, sense 1 better captures what's happening. The emphasis falls on the movement and approach of the ringers descending, not on reaching a specific destination. The example "He came singing down the road" parallels the action here—the ringers are coming down from above. Sense 1 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the <t>ringers</t> from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Looking at the context, the passage is discussing church bells and bell ringing. Let me analyze the sentences:

"An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."

The word "rings" here is a verb referring to the action of ringing bells. The word "ringers" refers to people who ring bells.

Later: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

This clearly refers to people coming down from the bell tower - they are bell ringers.

The final sentence confirms: "Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself."

So the context is definitely about people who ring church bells.

Let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer

This is clearly the right sense. The context is about church bells, bell ringing, and people who ring bells in a church context.

2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone

This doesn't fit the context at all.

3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses

This also doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

This is about a game, not about bell ringing.

The answer is clearly sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from <t>above</t>, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes bell-ringers coming "from above" in reference to the bell tower, which is physically located above the congregation area. This clearly refers to a higher location, matching sense 2: "in or to a place that is higher." Sense 1 (referring to an earlier place in a text) does not apply here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "above" is used:

"So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from <t>above</t>, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer,"

In this context, the vicar is describing the bell-ringers coming from "above" - this is referring to a location that is higher up. The context mentions "the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar" - so the bell-ringers are coming from the bell tower, which is above the main congregation area.

Let me evaluate the two senses:

1. Sense 1: "at an earlier place" - This would be used for references in a text, like "see above" meaning earlier in the document. This doesn't fit the context.

2. Sense 2: "in or to a place that is higher" - This fits perfectly. The bell-ringers are coming from a higher location (the bell tower) above where the congregation is at prayer.

The correct sense is clearly sense 2, which refers to a physical location that is higher up.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: making
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, <t>making</t> a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 36}
```

In this context, "making a very obvious exit" means the bell ringers are "proceeding along a path" - specifically, making their way out of the church by descending the stairs. This sense (proceed along a path) with its synonyms like "work one's way" and examples like "make one's way into the forest" best captures the meaning of the ringers' action of leaving/exiting during prayer.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "making" in this sentence:

"So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

The sentence describes the bell ringers coming down the stairs from the bell tower. The word "making" is used to describe what they are doing - they are "making a very obvious exit."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "engage in" - make love, make an effort - This could work (engage in making an exit)
2. "give certain properties to something" - get someone mad - No
3. "make or cause to be or to become; create" - make a mess - Could work, but not the best fit
4. "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" - The ads induced me to buy a VCR - No
5. "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" - cause a commotion; make a stir - Could work (making an exit/stir)
6. "create or manufacture a man-made product" - produce cars - No
7. "make, formulate, or derive in the mind" - draw a conclusion - No
8. "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way" - Heat makes you sweat - No
9. "create by artistic means" - create a poem - No
10. "earn on some commercial or business transaction" - How much do you make a month - No
11. "create or design, often in a certain way" - Do my room in blue - No
12. "to compose or represent: form, constitute" - This wall forms the background; The branches made a roof - Possibly
13. "reach a goal" - make the first team - No
14. "be or be capable of being changed or made into" - He makes a great host - No
15. "make by shaping or bringing together constituents" - make a dress; make a cake - No
16. "perform or carry out" - make a decision; make a move - This fits well since "making an exit" parallels "making a move"
17. "make by combining materials and parts" - construct, build - No
18. "change from one form into another" - make water into wine - No
19. "act in a certain way so as to acquire" - make friends; make enemies - No
20. "charge with a function" - She was made president - No
21. "achieve a point or goal" - Nicklaus had a 70 - No
22. "reach a destination" - We hit Detroit by noon - No
23. "institute, establish, or set up" - No

Sense 16 seems most appropriate here. The ringers are performing or executing an exit, making it obvious and deliberate. Looking at definitions 37-48, most don't fit the context of "making an exit." Definition 37 about reaching in time doesn't apply. Definition 38-47 cover various senses like gathering fire materials, cooking, sexual activity, ensuring success, pretending, considering, calculating, causing enjoyment, favoring development, and developing into a role—none of which align with exiting. Definition 48 about "behave in a certain way" with the example "make merry" has some potential since "making an exit" could mean conducting oneself in that manner, though it's still not a strong match.

The strongest candidates are definition 16—"perform or carry out" (like "make a decision")—and definition 36—"proceed along a path" (like "make one's way into the forest"). Definition 36 seems most fitting because "making an exit" essentially means proceeding along the path of leaving, similar to how "making one's way" describes moving through space toward a destination.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a <t>very</t> obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "very" in the phrase "making a very obvious exit" is functioning as an intensifier, emphasizing the degree of obviousness of the exit. This matches sense 1, which defines "very" as used to intensify adjectives, as exemplified by similar constructions like "very gifted" and "very well." Sense 2, which means "precisely so" (as in "on the very next page"), does not apply to this context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the two candidate senses for "very".

The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer,"

The two senses are:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: - "used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal" with examples "she was very gifted; he played very well"
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: - "precisely so" with examples "on the very next page; he expected the very opposite"

In the context, "very obvious exit" means that the exit is quite obvious, clearly obvious, distinctly obvious. The word "very" is functioning as an intensifier here - it's intensifying the adjective "obvious" to emphasize how obvious the exit is.

This matches sense 1, which is about using "very" as an intensifier. Sense 2 about "precisely so" would apply to phrases like "the very next page" where it means exactly/precisely that page, not just any page. That doesn't fit here.

The answer should be sense 1, which would be index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exit
Target surface form: exit
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious <t>exit</t> while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exit%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=issue, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
2. sense_key=exit%1:11:00:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, loss, departure, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
3. sense_key=exit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of going out

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes the ringers leaving the bell tower during prayer. Vicar Marshall is describing "the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit" - referring to the action of the ringers departing/leaving from the bell tower. This is clearly "the act of going out" rather than a physical opening (sense 1) or a euphemism for death (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "exit" in this passage.

The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

Context clues:
- Vicar Marshall is describing the ringers coming down from the bell tower
- They make noise ("crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang")
- They're making a "very obvious exit"
- This happens while the congregation is at prayer
- The vicar earlier mentioned the problem is with the stairs from the bell tower being located next to the altar
- So the ringers are leaving/exiting from above (the bell tower) in a way that disturbs the prayer

The three candidate senses are:
1. sense 1 (exit%1:06:00::): an opening that permits escape or release - examples: "he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue" - synonyms: issue, outlet, way out

2. sense 2 (exit%1:11:00::): euphemistic expressions for death - synonyms: passing, loss, departure, expiration, going, release

3. sense 3 (exit%1:04:00::): the act of going out

In this context, "exit" refers to the action of the ringers leaving/departing from the bell tower. It's not about a physical opening (sense 1) and it's certainly not about death (sense 2). It's about the action of going out/leaving.

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 3: "the act of going out"


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the <t>congregation</t> is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word refers to a group of people at prayer in a church setting. The context makes clear that this is about the congregation as the body of worshippers attending St. Mary's Church. Sense 1—"a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church"—is the best fit, as it specifically describes religious community members engaged in prayer, rather than a generic assembly (sense 2) or the act of gathering (sense 3).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense for "congregation" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer," he says.

Let me look at the context:
- This is about church bells and ringers in a church
- The congregation is "at prayer" - this indicates they are in a church setting engaged in religious activity
- The passage mentions "St. Mary's Church" and "the vicar"
- The issue is about bell ringers making noise while people are praying in the church

Now let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church" - This is about church members/worshippers. The synonyms are "fold, faithful" which reinforces this is about religious community.

2. "an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together" - This is a general sense of assembly/gathering of any objects or beings. The examples show "a congregation of children" and "a great congregation of birds" - so this is about any group collection.

3. "the act of congregating" - This is about the action/process of gathering, not about the people themselves.

In the given context, "congregation is at prayer" clearly refers to the group of people who are worshipping in the church. This is definitely a religious context about people attending church for prayer.

Sense 1 is the best fit because:
- It specifically refers to people who adhere to a common faith (religious context)
- It mentions they "habitually attend a given church"
- The context clearly shows people at prayer in a church
- This matches the usage where "congregation" means the group of worshippers

Sense 2 would be too general - while technically it could apply, it doesn't capture the religious and church-specific meaning.

Sense 3 is about the action, not the people themselves.
The correct answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prayer
Target surface form: prayer
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at <t>prayer</t>, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prayer%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving) | synonyms=supplication | examples=the priest sank to his knees in prayer
2. sense_key=prayer%1:10:02:: | definition=reverent petition to a deity | synonyms=petition, orison
3. sense_key=prayer%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, appeal | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
4. sense_key=prayer%1:10:01:: | definition=a fixed text used in praying
5. sense_key=prayer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who prays to God | synonyms=supplicant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context shows "the congregation is at prayer," referring to the congregation actively engaged in the act of praying during a church service. This corresponds to sense 1, which defines prayer as "the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving)." The example provided for this sense ("the priest sank to his knees in prayer") directly parallels the usage here, where prayer refers to the devotional action being performed by the congregation in church.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "prayer" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer," he says.

The context shows that "the congregation is at prayer" - this means the congregation is engaged in a religious devotional activity during a church service. They are in the act of praying/communicating with a deity.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=prayer%1:04:00:: - "the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving)" - This is about the act/action of praying. The example "the priest sank to his knees in prayer" shows the act of praying.

2. sense_key=prayer%1:10:02:: - "reverent petition to a deity" - This is more about the specific petition/request aspect.

3. sense_key=prayer%1:10:00:: - "earnest or urgent request" - This is about a general request, not necessarily religious.

4. sense_key=prayer%1:10:01:: - "a fixed text used in praying" - This is about the actual words/text of a prayer, like the Lord's Prayer.

5. sense_key=prayer%1:18:00:: - "someone who prays to God" - This is a person, not an action.

In the context "the congregation is at prayer," the phrase "at prayer" refers to the state of being engaged in the act of praying/communicating with a deity. This best matches sense 1, which defines prayer as "the act of communicating with a deity" and includes an example "the priest sank to his knees in prayer" which is very similar to the usage here.
Sense 1 is the correct answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he <t>says</t>. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "says" in this context is used to introduce a quoted statement where Vicar Marshall expresses his observation about the bell-ringers making a loud exit during prayer. This is a straightforward case of expressing something in words, which matches sense 1 (express in words/state/tell). The other senses do not fit: it's not a supposition (sense 3), not reciting memorized text (sense 8), not nonverbal communication (sense 7), and the primary function here is simply expressing/stating an observation verbally.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "says" in this passage.

The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer," he says.

The vicar Marshall is describing a situation (the loud noise of bell-ringers exiting during prayer) and making a statement/expression about it. This is a quoted utterance - he's expressing something in words.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. **express in words** (state, tell) - This is about saying something, expressing it verbally
2. **report or maintain** (allege, aver) - reporting something as fact
3. **express a supposition** (suppose) - hypothetically
4. **have or contain a certain wording or form** (read) - like "the law says"
5. **give instructions** (order, tell, enjoin) - directing someone
6. **speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way** - how something is said
7. **communicate or express nonverbally** - non-verbal communication
8. **utter aloud** - speaking something aloud
9. **state as one's opinion or judgement; declare** - expressing an opinion
10. **recite or repeat a fixed text** - repeating something memorized
11. **indicate** - like a clock showing time

In this context, Vicar Marshall is expressing/stating his observation about the situation with the bells and ringers. He's making a statement or expressing his view about what happens.

The most natural fit seems to be sense 1 (express in words/state) or sense 8 (utter aloud) or sense 9 (state as one's opinion).

Looking at the context more carefully, he's not just uttering something aloud randomly - he's expressing/stating an observation or description. The quote itself describes the situation.
Sense 1 fits most naturally here. The vicar is fundamentally expressing his observation in words—stating what he observes about the ringers' exit. While sense 9 could work since he's declaring his view, sense 1 captures the basic meaning most directly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall <t>admits</t> to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The sentence "Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue" uses "admits" in the sense of acknowledging or declaring the existence/truth of something (his mixed feelings). This matches sense 1: "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of," with the synonym "acknowledge" directly applicable to this context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "admits" in the sentence:

"Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself."

The key phrase is "admits to mixed feelings." This is about confessing or acknowledging an emotional state or attitude.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of" - This is about acknowledging or declaring something true. Examples: "He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten". This fits - he's admitting/acknowledging that he has mixed feelings.

2. "allow to enter; grant entry to" - This is about physical admission. Examples with buildings/clubs. Doesn't fit.

3. "allow participation in or the right to be part of" - This is about letting someone join a profession. Doesn't fit.

4. "admit into a group or community" - This is about accepting members. Doesn't fit.

5. "afford possibility" - Examples: "This problem admits of no solution". This is different - it's a more archaic/formal usage. Doesn't fit.

6. "give access or entrance to" - Physical access, like doors. Doesn't fit.

7. "have room for; hold without crowding" - Physical capacity. Doesn't fit.

8. "serve as a means of entrance" - Like a ticket. Doesn't fit.

The correct sense is 1. The phrase "admits to mixed feelings" means he acknowledges or declares that he has mixed feelings about the issue. This is about acknowledging the truth/reality of his emotional state.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mixed
Target surface form: mixed
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to <t>mixed</t> feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mixed%5:00:00:heterogeneous:00 | definition=consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds; ; ; ; ; ; - I.A.Richards | synonyms=assorted, miscellaneous, motley, sundry | examples=an arrangement of assorted spring flowers; assorted sizes
2. sense_key=mixed%5:00:00:integrated:00 | definition=involving or composed of different races | synonyms=interracial | examples=interracial schools; a mixed neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "mixed feelings" refers to a combination of different, often contradictory emotions about an issue - in this case, Vicar Marshall has both sympathetic feelings (as a fellow bell-ringer) and critical feelings (as a vicar concerned about prayer being disrupted). This matches sense 1, which describes "consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds" (heterogeneous), as "mixed feelings" represents an assortment of different emotional responses.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "mixed" is being used.

The target phrase is: "Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue"

This is a very common expression "mixed feelings" which means having conflicting or contradictory emotions about something - some positive and some negative.

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds" with synonyms assorted, miscellaneous, motley, sundry. The definition talks about different kinds mixed together in an unorganized way.

2. Sense 2: "involving or composed of different races" - relating to interracial contexts.

In the context "mixed feelings," this refers to having both positive and negative feelings at the same time about something - a combination of different, often contradictory emotions.

Sense 1 (heterogeneous) fits better because:
- "Mixed feelings" means an assortment of different feelings (some good, some bad)
- It's about having different kinds of emotions combined together
- The essence is about different elements combined together

Sense 2 (integrated/interracial) is clearly not relevant - there's nothing about race or racial mixing in this context.

So the answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: feeling
Target surface form: feelings
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed <t>feelings</t> about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=feeling%1:03:00:: | definition=the experiencing of affective and emotional states | examples=she had a feeling of euphoria; he had terrible feelings of guilt
2. sense_key=feeling%1:09:03:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, belief, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
3. sense_key=feeling%1:26:00:: | definition=the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people | synonyms=spirit, tone, feel, flavor, flavour, look | examples=the feel of the city excited him; a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting
4. sense_key=feeling%1:09:01:: | definition=a physical sensation that you experience | examples=he had a queasy feeling; I had a strange feeling in my leg
5. sense_key=feeling%1:09:02:: | definition=the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin | synonyms=touch, touch sensation, tactual sensation, tactile sensation | examples=she likes the touch of silk on her skin; the surface had a greasy feeling
6. sense_key=feeling%1:09:00:: | definition=an intuitive understanding of something | synonyms=intuitive feeling | examples=he had a great feeling for music

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "feelings" is being used.

The context is about a vicar (Marshall) who has "mixed feelings about this issue" - specifically about the controversy regarding bell ringers making noise during prayer.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the experiencing of affective and emotional states" - Examples: euphoria, guilt. This is about emotional experiences.

2. "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - Synonyms: impression, belief, notion, opinion. Example: "what are your feelings about the crisis?" This is about opinions/beliefs about something.

3. "the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people" - This is about the atmosphere or feel of a situation.

4. "a physical sensation that you experience" - Examples: queasy feeling, strange sensation in leg. This is about bodily sensations.

5. "the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin" - This is about touch sensation.

6. "an intuitive understanding of something" - This is about intuitive comprehension.

In the context: "Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself."

The vicar has conflicting opinions/attitudes about the issue because he is both a vicar (wants prayer undisturbed) and a bell-ringer (wants to ring bells). This is about his mixed opinions/beliefs/impressions about the issue.

This most closely matches sense 2: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" with the synonym "opinion" and the example "what are your feelings about the crisis?" - this is exactly parallel to "what are your feelings about this issue?"

It could also potentially be sense 1 (emotional states) since he might have conflicting emotions, but the emphasis is really on his mixed opinions/positions, not just emotions.
The vicar's conflicting positions as both a clergyman and bell-ringer create divided opinions about the issue, making sense 2 the clearest match. This usage parallels asking someone's feelings about a crisis—it's fundamentally about their stance or belief, not just emotional experience.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this <t>issue</t>, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "issue" in this context refers to the controversial matter in dispute—the dust-up over church attendance and the noise problem caused by bell-ringers. Sense 1 ("an important question that is in dispute and must be settled") best captures this usage, as Vicar Marshall has "mixed feelings about this issue," acknowledging the contentious nature of the situation. The passage describes a conflict that needs resolution, which aligns precisely with the definition of sense 1.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "issue" is being used.

The context is about a dispute at St. Mary's Church regarding bells and a commotion caused by bell-ringers. The passage states:

"Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this <t>issue</t>, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself."

The word "issue" here refers to the controversy or problem being discussed - the situation where bell-ringers make noise while the congregation is praying. This is clearly a matter of dispute or contention.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: - "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" - This fits well. The church attendance dispute and the noise problem are matters in dispute.

2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: - "one of a series published periodically" - This is about magazines/publications, doesn't fit.

3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: - "some situation or event that is thought about" - This is more general, could fit as "topic, subject, matter" but it's less specific than sense 1.

4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: - "the act of providing an item for general use" - Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: - "supplies issued by the government" - Doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: - "income or profit arising from transactions" - Doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: - "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - Doesn't fit.

8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: - "the immediate descendants of a person" - Doesn't fit.

9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: - "the becoming visible" - Doesn't fit.
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: - "an opening that permits escape or release" - Doesn't fit.

11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: - "the act of issuing printed materials" - Doesn't fit.

Sense 1 is the strongest match because it captures the disputed, contentious nature of the situation. The context emphasizes conflict through words like "dust-up" and "wound," and the vicar's "mixed feelings" underscore that this is a matter requiring resolution rather than just a general topic of discussion.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a <t>vicar</t> and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context clearly indicates this is referring to clergy in England (Somerset, specifically), serving in parish churches like St. Mary's Church in Ilminster. Both W.D. Jones and C.J.B. Marshall are described as vicars of churches, which aligns with the Church of England definition of a vicar as a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish. This is not a Roman Catholic priest (sense 1) nor specifically an Episcopal chapel clergyman (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "vicar" is most appropriate.

The passage discusses:
- St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset
- The vicar, W.D. Jones
- C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church
- Both appear to be church officials in England
- The context mentions "Church of England" is relevant since this is about Somerset churches

Looking at the three senses:

1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: - a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman (Roman Catholic context)

2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: - (Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel (Episcopal/Anglican context but specifically chapels)

3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: - (Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish (Church of England context)

The context clearly indicates:
- These are churches in England (Somerset specifically)
- The churches mentioned (St. Mary's Church) are traditional parish churches
- The reference to "Church of England" in sense 3 is directly relevant
- A vicar in the Church of England is a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

The passage mentions both "the vicar" (W.D. Jones) and "vicar of a nearby church" (C.J.B. Marshall), suggesting these are vicars in charge of parishes, not Roman Catholic priests or chapel chaplains.

Sense 3 is clearly the best fit: (Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish.

The answer should be sense index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: active
Target surface form: active
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an <t>active</t> bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=active%3:00:02:: | definition=tending to become more severe or wider in scope | examples=active tuberculosis
2. sense_key=active%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=engaged in or ready for military or naval operations | synonyms=combat-ready, fighting | examples=on active duty; the platoon is combat-ready
3. sense_key=active%3:00:03:: | definition=disposed to take action or effectuate change | examples=a director who takes an active interest in corporate operations; an active antagonism
4. sense_key=active%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=taking part in an activity | synonyms=participating | examples=an active member of the club; he was politically active
5. sense_key=active%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by energetic activity | examples=an active toddler; active as a gazelle
6. sense_key=active%3:00:07:: | definition=exerting influence or producing a change or effect | examples=an active ingredient
7. sense_key=active%3:00:06:: | definition=full of activity or engaged in continuous activity | examples=an active seaport; an active bond market
8. sense_key=active%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=alive | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
9. sense_key=active%3:00:10:: | definition=(of the sun) characterized by an increased occurrence of sunspots and flares and radio emissions
10. sense_key=active%3:00:09:: | definition=expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor: | examples=Hemingway favors active constructions
11. sense_key=active%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of verbs (e.g. `to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. `running' in `running water')) expressing action rather than a state of being | synonyms=dynamic
12. sense_key=active%3:00:05:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) capable of erupting
13. sense_key=active%3:00:04:: | definition=(of e.g. volcanos) erupting or liable to erupt | examples=active volcanos
14. sense_key=active%3:00:08:: | definition=engaged in full-time work | examples=active duty; though past retirement age he is still active in his profession

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context describes Vicar Marshall as "an active bell-ringer," indicating he is currently participating in or taking part in the activity of bell-ringing. This corresponds to sense 4 ("taking part in an activity; participating"), which has the synonym "participating" and examples like "an active member of the club." Just as one can be an active member of an organization, Vicar Marshall is an active participant in bell-ringing.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "active" in this sentence:

"Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an <t>active</t> bell-ringer himself."

The key context is that he is described as an "active bell-ringer." This means he is actively engaged in or participating in the activity of bell-ringing. He's not just a bell-ringer in name, but one who is currently participating in this activity.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. Tending to become more severe (medical) - doesn't fit
2. Military/naval operations - doesn't fit
3. Disposed to take action or effectuate change - could fit, but not the best
4. Taking part in an activity; participating - this fits well! He's participating as a bell-ringer
5. Characterized by energetic activity - possible, but more about his general nature
6. Exerting influence or producing a change - doesn't fit as well
7. Full of activity or engaged in continuous activity - possible
8. In operation - doesn't fit as well
9. Sun characterization - doesn't fit
10. Grammar (active voice) - doesn't fit
11. Grammar/expressing action - doesn't fit
12. Volcanos capable of erupting - doesn't fit
13. Volcanos erupting - doesn't fit
14. Engaged in full-time work - could fit, but he's not necessarily doing this full-time

The best fit is sense 4: "taking part in an activity" with synonym "participating" and example "an active member of the club; he was politically active"

This matches perfectly - he is an active bell-ringer, meaning he actively participates in bell-ringing, just like being an active member of a club.
Sense 4 is the answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringer
Target surface form: bell-ringer
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active <t>bell-ringer</t> himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
2. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who plays musical handbells
3. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal | synonyms=bull's eye, mark, home run | examples=the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer; scored a bull's eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly indicates this is about someone who rings church bells at St. Mary's Church. The passage references church bells, the bell tower, the congregation at prayer, and describes Vicar Marshall as "an active bell-ringer himself" in an explicitly religious institutional setting. This matches sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)." Sense 2 (musical handbells) and sense 3 (idiomatic expression for success) are both inappropriate for this context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense for "bell-ringer".

From the context:
- We're talking about St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset
- The passage mentions "ringers" ringing bells at the church
- The vicar Vicar Marshall "is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself"
- The context is about church bells that have "fallen silent"
- The bells are part of a church tower ("bell tower")
- The passage discusses how ringers come down from the bell tower during congregation prayer

The three candidate senses are:
1. A person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) - synonyms: toller, ringer
2. Someone who plays musical handbells
3. Something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal - synonyms: bull's eye, mark, home run

Given the context:
- This is clearly about a church setting
- The passage discusses the physical act of ringing church bells (multiple bells, "eight bells")
- Vicar Marshall is described as "an active bell-ringer himself" in the context of a church
- This is not about playing handbells (which is a different musical activity)
- This is not an idiomatic use meaning "something that succeeds"

Sense 1 is the clear choice - it's about a person who rings church bells, specifically in a church setting for summoning/calling the congregation. The context explicitly mentions:
- Church bells at St. Mary's Church
- The physical ringing and noise ("crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang")
- The bells as part of church worship
- Vicar Marshall being an active bell-ringer at a church

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sound
Context:
At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The <t>sound</t> of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes "the sound of bells" as something that draws people into the church. This clearly refers to the particular auditory effect produced by the bells - matching sense 1's definition of "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause." The example given in sense 1 ("the beautiful sound of music") is nearly parallel to the context's discussion of bells producing a desirable auditory effect.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "sound" is being used.

The context is: "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church," he says.

This is referring to the auditory effect produced by bells - the bells make a sound (audible noise) that draws people to the church.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
   - This matches perfectly. It's talking about "the sound of bells" which is the auditory effect produced by the bells.

2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation
   - This is about the sensation of hearing, not the objective sound itself.

3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium
   - This is more technical/physical definition of sound.

4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event
   - This implies something sudden happening.

5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal
   - This is about audio transmission.

6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech
   - This is about phonetic sounds, not applicable here.

7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea
   - This is a geographic term.

8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay
   - This is a geographic term.

The best match is sense 1: "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause". The phrase "the sound of bells" directly fits this definition, with the example "the beautiful sound of music" being very similar to what we're seeing here.
The answer is sense index 1.