[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the <t>sectors</t> that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 2}

The context clearly refers to economic divisions within the economy. The phrase "sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation" and the subsequent mention of "Technology securities" indicate that "sectors" refers to distinct parts of the economy or industry groups. Sense 2 ("a social group that forms part of the society or the economy") with the example "the public sector" is the most appropriate match for this financial/economic usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "sectors" in this passage.

The context is discussing economic/financial markets:
- "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators"
- "improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery"
- "retail sales have increased"
- "consumer confidence"
- "renewed rise of the dollar"
- "puts downward pressure on the <t>sectors</t> that are sensitive to the economic situation"
- "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground"

The phrase is: "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation"

This is clearly referring to different parts/groups of the economy - like the technology sector, retail sector, etc.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. A plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle - This is a geometric/mathematical definition. Not relevant here.

2. A social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector - This fits! The passage is talking about economic sectors (like technology sector, retail sector, etc.) that are sensitive to economic conditions.

3. A particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life - This is more general/broader, talking about any aspect of life. While it could technically apply, sense 2 is more specific to the economic context.

4. The minimum track length that can be assigned to store information - This is a computing/data storage definition. Not relevant.

5. A portion of a military position - This is a military definition. Not relevant.

6. Measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end - This is a tool definition. Not relevant.

The best fit is sense 2: "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy" with the example "the public sector". The passage is discussing how the strong dollar puts downward pressure on sectors (economic sectors like technology) that are sensitive to economic conditions.
The answer is sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: situation
Target surface form: situation
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic <t>situation</t>", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=situation%1:26:00:: | definition=the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; ; ; - Franklin D.Roosevelt | synonyms=state of affairs | examples=the present international situation is dangerous; wondered how such a state of affairs had come about
2. sense_key=situation%1:26:01:: | definition=a condition or position in which you find yourself | synonyms=position | examples=the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils; found herself in a very fortunate situation
3. sense_key=situation%1:26:02:: | definition=a complex or critical or unusual difficulty | examples=the dangerous situation developed suddenly; that's quite a situation
4. sense_key=situation%1:15:00:: | definition=physical position in relation to the surroundings | synonyms=site | examples=the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides
5. sense_key=situation%1:04:00:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, spot, billet | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "situation" in the phrase "economic situation" refers to the general state or combination of economic circumstances at a given time. The context discusses various economic conditions (retail sales, consumer confidence, currency movements) that collectively define the current economic circumstances, which matches sense 1: "the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time."

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "situation" is being used.

The sentence is: "which 'puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation', explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank."

The context is about economic conditions - they're discussing:
- Market conditions (calm, narrow margins, weak trading volumes)
- Economic indicators
- Retail sales
- Consumer confidence
- Currency movements (dollar rising against Euro)
- Impact on technology securities

The phrase "economic situation" refers to the state of the economy - the general economic conditions and circumstances at a given time.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time" - This fits well. The economic situation refers to the overall economic circumstances. The example "the present international situation is dangerous" shows this meaning being applied to a broad context, just as "economic situation" refers to broad economic circumstances.

2. "a condition or position in which you find yourself" - This is more personal/individual, about being in a particular condition. Not the best fit for economic situation.

3. "a complex or critical or unusual difficulty" - This implies difficulty/problem. The economic situation here is just the state of things, not necessarily characterized as a difficulty.

4. "physical position in relation to the surroundings" - This is about literal physical location. Not relevant here.

5. "a job in an organization" - This is about employment. Not relevant here.

The best fit is sense 1 - "the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time" because the context is discussing the economic circumstances and conditions at a particular time (the present economic situation affecting different sectors).

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: security
Target surface form: securities
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology <t>securities</t> have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being free from danger or injury | examples=we support the armed services in the name of national security
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: | definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=protection | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: | definition=freedom from anxiety or fear | examples=the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: | definition=a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: | definition=property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation | synonyms=surety | examples=bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: | definition=a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers | synonyms=security department | examples=the head of security was a former policeman
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: | definition=a guarantee that an obligation will be met | synonyms=surety
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: | definition=an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in | synonyms=security system, security measure
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: | definition=measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. | synonyms=security measures | examples=military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The target word "securities" in this financial market context refers to tradeable financial instruments. The passage discusses technology securities losing ground in response to economic indicators and currency movements. This is clearly referring to stocks, bonds, or other investment certificates that can be bought and sold in the market—specifically sense 4, which defines securities as formal declarations documenting facts relevant to finance and investment that give the holder a right to receive interest or dividends.

reasoning_content:
The context is about financial markets, trading, and investment. The phrase is "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground."

Let me analyze each sense:

1. "the state of being free from danger or injury" - This is about physical safety, not relevant here.

2. "defense against financial failure; financial independence" - This could be somewhat relevant, but the focus is on the actual securities themselves, not the concept of financial security.

3. "freedom from anxiety or fear" - This is psychological, not relevant to the financial context.

4. "a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends" - This is clearly about financial instruments, certificates. The example "he held several valuable securities" shows this is about tradeable financial assets.

5. "property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation" - This is about collateral, not about stocks/bonds as tradeable assets.

6. "a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers" - Not relevant.

7. "a guarantee that an obligation will be met" - This is about surety/collateral, not about tradeable securities.

8. "an electrical device that sets off an alarm" - Not relevant.

9. "measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage" - Not relevant.

The context clearly refers to "Technology securities" as financial instruments that have "lost some ground" (decreased in value) due to economic factors. This is in the context of stock market trading, indices, bonds, etc.

Sense 4 is the clear choice: "a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends". The example "he held several valuable securities" directly matches the usage of securities as tradeable financial assets.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ground
Target surface form: ground
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some <t>ground</t>. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ground%1:17:00:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, earth, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
2. sense_key=ground%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=reason | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
3. sense_key=ground%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=earth | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
4. sense_key=ground%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, basis | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
5. sense_key=ground%1:15:00:: | definition=a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) | examples=they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground
6. sense_key=ground%1:09:00:: | definition=the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground | synonyms=background | examples=he posed her against a background of rolling hills
7. sense_key=ground%1:17:01:: | definition=material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use) | synonyms=land, soil | examples=the land had never been plowed; good agricultural soil
8. sense_key=ground%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
9. sense_key=ground%1:06:02:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=earth
10. sense_key=ground%1:06:01:: | definition=(art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
11. sense_key=ground%1:06:00:: | definition=the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface | synonyms=flat coat, primer, priming, primer coat, priming coat, undercoat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The phrase "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground" uses "ground" in the sense of a competitive position or advantage. In the context of market competition and economic sectors, losing ground means losing market position or competitive standing, which directly corresponds to sense 5: "a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle)" with the example "they gained ground step by step." This figurative military/competitive usage is the appropriate interpretation here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "ground" is being used.

Context: "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground."

This is a financial/economic context discussing technology stocks. When companies or securities "lose ground," it means they are losing their competitive position or market share. This is a figurative/metaphorical use.

Let me check the senses:

1. The solid part of the earth's surface - Not applicable
2. A rational motive for a belief or action - Not applicable
3. The loose soft material (earth) - Not applicable
4. A relation that provides the foundation for something - This could be close, but it's about "footing" or "basis"
5. A position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) - This is the best fit! "They gained ground step by step" shows this is used in a competitive/strategic context, and "technology securities have lost some ground" follows the same pattern of losing a competitive position
6. The part of a scene behind objects in the foreground - Not applicable
7. Material in the top layer for plants to grow - Not applicable
8. A relatively homogeneous percept extending back - Not applicable
9. Electrical connection - Not applicable
10. The surface prepared to take paint - Not applicable
11. The first coat of paint - Not applicable

Sense 5 (ground%1:15:00::) seems to be the best fit because "losing ground" in a competitive/market context means losing strategic position, just like in a battle. The example "they gained ground step by step" shows how this sense is used in competitive contexts.

So the answer is sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year <t>bond</t> yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly refers to financial instruments ("Treasury 10-year bond," "bond yields," "bond market"). The passage discusses government bonds used to raise capital, with specific yield percentages - this matches the definition of a certificate of debt issued by a government that requires fixed annual payments and repayment at maturity.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bond" and I need to find the best sense based on the context provided.

Looking at the context: "The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."

This is clearly referring to financial bonds - specifically Treasury bonds, which are government debt securities. The context mentions:
- Treasury 10-year bond
- 30-year bond yields
- Bond market (in financial context)

This is definitely sense 2: "a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate"

The context is explicitly talking about Treasury bonds (government debt), their yields, and the bond market. This matches the definition of a financial bond perfectly.

Let me verify the sense index: sense 2 is "sense_key=bond%1:21:02::" which corresponds to index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond <t>yields</t> have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context discusses "Treasury 10-year bond yields" expressed as percentages (3.540%, 4.497%). In financial contexts, bond yields refer to the income or return that investors receive from holding bonds. This matches sense 2, which defines yield as "the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property" with synonyms including "return" and "payoff" - terms commonly used to describe bond returns. The percentages mentioned are characteristic of financial yield rates.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to understand what "yields" means here.

The sentence is: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."

This is talking about bond yields - the return or income that a bond generates for the investor. Bond yields are expressed as percentages and represent the amount of interest income an investor receives relative to the bond's price.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
   - This is about producing something, not about financial returns

2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
   - This is about income or profit from transactions. Bond yields are indeed the income/return from holding bonds. The synonyms "return" and "payoff" fit perfectly.

3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
   - This doesn't fit - it's about product amounts, not financial returns

4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter
   - This is about production quantity, not financial returns

In the context of bonds, "yield" refers to the return on investment - the income generated by the bond expressed as a percentage. This matches sense 2, which explicitly defines it as "the income or profit arising from such transactions" and includes synonyms like "return" and "payoff" which are commonly used in financial contexts.
Sense 2 is the correct answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday <t>evening</t>, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "evening" is used here to specify a time reference for when bond yields were measured ("on Tuesday evening"). It refers to the latter part of the day as a time period, which matches the first sense: "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)." This is the literal, temporal sense used to indicate when specific financial data was recorded.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "evening" in this sentence.

The context: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday <t>evening</t>, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."

Here, "evening" is used to indicate a specific time period on Tuesday when the bond yields were at 3.482%. It's being compared with current yields on the same day but later.

Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1 (evening%1:28:00::): "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)" - This refers to the time of day when daylight is decreasing, from late afternoon to nightfall. The example "he enjoyed the evening light across the lake" supports this literal, temporal meaning.

2. Sense 2 (evening%1:28:01::): "a later concluding time period" - This is a metaphorical use, like "the evening of the Roman Empire" meaning a declining period or the end of an era.

3. Sense 3 (evening%1:28:02::): "the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way" - This refers to evening as a time period one spends doing activities, like "an evening at the opera."

In the context, "on Tuesday evening" refers to a specific time of day - evening as a period of the day when bond yields were measured. This is using "evening" as a time reference, meaning the latter part of the day. This fits best with sense 1.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year <t>bond</t> yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly refers to financial bonds - specifically Treasury bonds issued by the U.S. government. The passage discusses "Treasury 10-year bond yields" and "30-year bond yields," which are interest-bearing debt instruments issued by governments to raise money. Sense 2 is the definition of a "certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money," which precisely matches this financial market context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "bond" in this passage.

The context is about financial markets:
- "retail sales have increased"
- "The bond market has fallen"
- "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540%"
- "30-year bond yields are at 4.497%"

This is clearly discussing financial bonds - specifically government treasury bonds. The passage is talking about bond yields, which are returns on investment in bonds issued by governments.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: - chemical bond (electrical force linking atoms) - NOT relevant
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: - a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) issued by government or corporation to raise money - THIS IS THE RIGHT ONE
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: - connection based on kinship or marriage - NOT relevant
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: - criminal law money forfeited by bondsman - NOT relevant
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: - restraint/shackle - NOT relevant
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: - connection that fastens things - NOT relevant
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: - bond paper - NOT relevant
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: - Julian Bond (person) - NOT relevant
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: - James Bond (person) - NOT relevant
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: - adhesiveness - NOT relevant

The correct sense is #2 (sense_key=bond%1:21:02::), which defines bond as "a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money."
The references to Treasury bonds with specific maturity periods—10-year and 30-year—confirm this is about debt securities issued by the government, not any other meaning of the word.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond <t>yields</t> are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes bond yields as percentages (3.540%, 4.497%), which refers to the income or return generated from holding bonds. This matches sense 2, which defines yield as "the income or profit arising from such transactions" with synonyms including "return." Bond yields are financial returns, not production quantities, which distinguishes this from the other senses.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "yields" in this sentence:

"Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."

The word "yields" here refers to the rate of return or income produced by bonds. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
   - This is about production/output, not financial returns

2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff
   - This is about income or profit from transactions, like the sale of property. In financial contexts, "bond yield" refers to the return/income from holding a bond.

3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
   - This is about product/fruit, not financial returns

4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production
   - This is about production/output quantity, not financial returns

In the context of bonds, "yield" refers to the return or income an investor receives from holding the bond - typically expressed as a percentage. This matches sense 2 perfectly, which defines it as "the income or profit arising from such transactions" and includes "return" as a synonym. Bond yields are the returns from investment in bonds.

The answer should be sense 2 (sense_index: 2).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous <t>evening</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "evening" in the phrase "on Tuesday evening" and "the previous evening" refers to a specific time of day when the bond yields were measured. This is a temporal reference to the latter part of the day, which corresponds to sense 1: "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)." The context is clearly indicating a time point for financial data collection, not a metaphorical concluding period or a special social activity.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "evening" is being used.

The sentence is: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."

The context is discussing financial data and comparing bond yields. The phrase "on Tuesday evening" refers to a specific time period - the part of Tuesday when the bond market would have been operating. This is clearly referring to the latter part of the day/time of day.

Let me look at the three senses:

1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: - "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)" - This refers to a specific time of day, the late afternoon/early night time period.

2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: - "a later concluding time period" - This is more metaphorical, referring to a concluding period in history or something broader.

3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: - "the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way" - This refers to the early part of night as a period to do activities.

In the context "on Tuesday evening" and "the previous evening", the word is clearly referring to a specific time of day - the latter part of Tuesday and the latter part of the previous day. This is referring to when these bond yields were measured.

This matches sense 1 best: "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)"

The answer should be sense_index: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" refers to agreements or contracts between parties. The verb "reaches" emphasizes the negotiation and agreement aspect, which directly matches sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each." The synonyms (bargain) and examples (e.g., "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals") further confirm this interpretation over sense 1 (which focuses more narrowly on buying/selling transactions).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this context to determine the best sense of "deals" in the sentence:

"Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies"

The sentence is talking about reaching deals with oil companies. This is clearly about agreements or contracts between parties.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal
   - This is about buying/selling transactions

2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain
   - This is about agreements between parties, which matches "reaches deals with oil companies"

3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent
   - This refers to quantity, not relevant here

4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
   - Physical material, not relevant

5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw
   - Physical material, not relevant

6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player
   - Card game term, not relevant

7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received
   - About treatment, not really relevant

8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards
   - Card game term, not relevant

9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something
   - About distribution, not the same as agreements

The phrase "reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" points to formal agreements establishing mutual obligations. Sense 2 best captures this—it's specifically about agreements between parties, whereas sense 1 focuses on the transactional aspect. The answer is sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concerns
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The word "concerns" in this context refers to sources of worry or anxiety about violence and political instability. This matches sense 4, which defines concern as "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" with the synonym "worry." The example "New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry" parallels the usage here—the concerns about violence and instability are sources of worry, not merely the emotional feeling itself.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and candidate senses for "concerns" in this sentence:

"Despite <concerns> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."

The word "concerns" here refers to worries or anxieties about violence and political instability. Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: - "something that interests you because it is important or affects you" - This is about things that interest or affect you, which could apply but seems more neutral.

2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: - "an anxious feeling" with synonyms care, fear and examples about aging from care/fear. This describes the emotional state of worry/anxiety.

3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: - "a feeling of sympathy for someone or something" - This is about sympathy, which doesn't quite fit here. The concerns are about violence and instability, not sympathy.

4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: - "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" with synonyms worry, headache, vexation and examples like "New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry". This describes concerns as sources of worry/anxiety.

5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: - This is about a commercial/industrial enterprise, which is clearly not relevant here.

Between senses 2 and 4:
- Sense 2 is "an anxious feeling" (the emotional state itself)
- Sense 4 is "something that causes anxiety" (the source/object that creates the worry)

In the context "concerns about violence and political instability," the word "concerns" refers to the worries about these issues - they are the things that cause worry/anxiety, not the anxious feeling itself. This fits sense 4 better.
The parallel structure with "New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry" directly mirrors how violence and political instability function as concerns in the sentence. Sense 4 is the correct answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violence
Target surface form: violence
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about <t>violence</t> and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violence%1:04:01:: | definition=an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) | synonyms=force | examples=he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one
2. sense_key=violence%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being wild or turbulent | synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness | examples=the storm's violence
3. sense_key=violence%1:26:00:: | definition=a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context refers to violence as a condition affecting Iraq - a turbulent state of conflict and instability that exists in the country. The passage discusses concerns about violence alongside decades of war and political instability, suggesting a state of violent upheaval resulting in destruction, rather than individual aggressive acts (sense 1) or an abstract property of wildness (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "violence" is most appropriate.

The context is: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday."

The passage is about the Iraqi Oil Ministry making deals with foreign oil companies, despite concerns about violence (and political instability).

Let me examine each sense:

1. **sense_key=violence%1:04:01::** - "an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)" with synonyms "force". This refers to acts of violence or aggression.

2. **sense_key=violence%1:07:00::** - "the property of being wild or turbulent" with synonyms like "ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness". Example: "the storm's violence". This refers to the quality of being turbulent or fierce.

3. **sense_key=violence%1:26:00::** - "a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc." This refers to a state of violent conflict or turbulence.

In the context provided, "violence" refers to acts of violence or violent conflict that are occurring in Iraq (mentioned alongside "decades of war" and "political instability"). The passage is discussing concerns about violent acts or violent conditions in Iraq that might affect business.

Sense 1 could work as it refers to "an act of aggression" - this captures the idea of violent acts.

Sense 3 says "a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction" - this seems to capture the broader state of violent conflict.

The context mentions "decades of war and sanctions" which have crippled Iraq's oil industry, and "concerns about violence and political instability." This suggests a state or condition of violence/conflict, not necessarily individual acts of aggression.
Sense 3 fits best here—it encompasses the broader turbulent conditions and destructive state affecting Iraq, rather than isolated aggressive acts or abstract qualities of wildness.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instability
Target surface form: instability
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political <t>instability</t>, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for "instability".

In the sentence: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."

The context is about political instability in Iraq. This refers to a lack of stability in the political order/system.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "an unstable order" - This seems to refer to disorder or instability in a general order/system. This could fit for political instability.

2. "unreliability attributable to being unstable" - This is about unreliability due to being unstable. This is more about the character trait of being unreliable.

3. "a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance" - This seems more physical/biological, referring to physical imbalance like hormonal imbalance.

4. "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness" - This seems to refer to a personal quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute (hesitant, indecisive).

In the context of "political instability," we're talking about an unstable state or lack of stability in the political system/order. This is about disorder or lack of equilibrium in a social/political system.

Sense 1 "an unstable order" seems most appropriate. It refers to an unstable system or order, which fits with "political instability."

Sense 3 could also work as it refers to "a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium" which could apply to political systems, but the example given is "hormonal imbalance" which is more physical.

I think sense 1 is the best fit because it directly refers to "an unstable order" which is exactly what political instability is - an unstable state of order/system.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context uses "government" as a concrete organizational entity that takes actions ("managed to attract major oil companies"). This matches sense 1, which defines government as "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit," with synonyms like "authorities" and examples such as "the government reduced taxes" where the government functions as an agent performing actions.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "government" is being used.

In the sentence: "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure..."

The context is talking about the Iraqi government as an entity that is conducting negotiations and making deals with oil companies. The "government" here is being referred to as an organization or governing authority that takes action.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: - "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit" with synonyms "authorities, regime" and examples like "the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities"

2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: - "the act of governing; exercising authority" with examples about governing processes and administration

3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: - "the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed" with example "tyrannical government"

4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: - "the study of government of states and other political units"

In the context, "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies" - the government is clearly being treated as an organization/entity that takes actions (managing, attracting companies). This is sense 1, which refers to "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit."

This matches the example "the government reduced taxes" - where the government is treated as an actor/organization that performs actions.

Sense 2 would be about the abstract act of governing itself, not the organization.
Sense 3 would be about the system/form of governance.
Sense 4 would be about studying government.

The best fit is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: auction
Target surface form: auctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: | definition=a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge | synonyms=auction bridge
2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: | definition=the public sale of something to the highest bidder | synonyms=auction sale, vendue

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context clearly refers to the public bidding process where the Iraqi Oil Ministry offered opportunities to foreign oil companies, with the "highest bidders" (or most competitive offers) being selected for contracts. This matches the sense of "the public sale of something to the highest bidder," not the card game sense.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "auction" is being used.

The context is: "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies..."

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: - "a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge" with synonym "auction bridge"
   - This is referring to a card game (bridge), which is clearly not relevant to the context about oil companies and government deals.

2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: - "the public sale of something to the highest bidder" with synonyms "auction sale, vendue"
   - This fits the context perfectly. The Iraqi government conducted auctions to sell/contract oil rights to the highest bidding foreign oil companies.

The context clearly indicates that the Iraqi Oil Ministry used auctions as a method to select foreign oil companies for deals. This is consistent with the sense of "public sale to the highest bidder" - it's a public bidding process where oil companies compete for the opportunity to work on Iraqi oil infrastructure.

The answer is sense 2, which would be sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 <t>deals</t> the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes the Iraqi Oil Ministry "reaching" deals with foreign oil companies. This language indicates formal agreements between parties where obligations are fixed through negotiation, which aligns with sense 2 ("an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each"). While sense 1 (buying/selling) could also apply, the emphasis on "reached deals" points to the agreement negotiation aspect rather than simply a transaction, making sense 2 the best fit.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "deals" in this sentence.

Context: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."

The text is talking about agreements between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and foreign oil companies. These are business agreements/transactions where parties have fixed their obligations to each other.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. deal%1:04:02:: - "a particular instance of buying or selling" with examples "it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him" - This refers to buying/selling transactions.

2. deal%1:10:00:: - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" with examples about "bargain with the devil" and "shady deals" - This is about agreements where parties fix their obligations.

3. deal%1:23:00:: - "a large number or amount or extent" - Not applicable here, "deals" is a countable noun.

4. deal%1:27:00:: - "a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)" - Not relevant.

5. deal%1:27:01:: - "wood that is easy to saw" - Not relevant.

6. deal%1:14:00:: - "the cards held in a card game by a given player" - Not relevant.

7. deal%1:11:00:: - "the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement)" - Not the right sense here.

8. deal%1:04:00:: - "the act of distributing playing cards" - Not relevant.

9. deal%1:04:01:: - "the act of apportioning or distributing something" - Not the right sense.
Sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::) is the best match—it captures the negotiated agreements between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and foreign companies where each party establishes their obligations. The phrase "reached deals" emphasizes the finalized agreements rather than mere transactions, making sense 2 more precise than sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that <t>China</t>, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to China as a nation-state engaged in international oil business dealings. The sentence groups "China, Russia and European oil firms" as major world powers with companies bidding on Iraqi oil contracts. This is unambiguously referring to China as the country (People's Republic of China), not as porcelain or dishware, and not as Taiwan.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "China" appears.

Context: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."

The sentence is talking about countries/national governments that are involved in rebuilding Iraq's oil industry. It mentions "China, Russia and European oil firms" - these are clearly referring to nations and their companies.

This is clearly referring to the country China - the nation-state that is a major world power.

Let me check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: - "a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world" - This is about the People's Republic of China, the country.

2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: - "high quality porcelain originally made only in China" - This is about the material/dishware, not the country.

3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: - "a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949..." - This is about Taiwan/Nationalist China, not mainland China.

4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: - "dishware made of high quality porcelain" - This is about the material/dishware, not the country.

In the context, "China" is clearly being discussed as a country engaging in oil business deals. It's grouped with "Russia and European oil firms" - all referring to countries/their companies.

The most appropriate sense is sense 1, which refers to China as a communist nation, the world's most populous country. This is the People's Republic of China, which is indeed a major player in international oil business.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: russia
Target surface form: Russia
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, <t>Russia</t> and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=russia%1:15:00:: | definition=a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991 | synonyms=Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR
2. sense_key=russia%1:15:01:: | definition=formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia | synonyms=Soviet Russia, Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
3. sense_key=russia%1:15:02:: | definition=a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917
4. sense_key=russia%1:15:04:: | definition=a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state | synonyms=Russian Federation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context discusses contemporary oil company deals and international business negotiations. Russia is referenced as an active participant in modern economic dealings with Iraq. This refers to the Russian Federation, the independent state that has existed since 1991, rather than the historical Soviet Union, Soviet Russia, or Russian Empire.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "Russia" is being used.

The context mentions: "China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry"

This is discussing contemporary events - oil companies making deals with Iraq in what appears to be a modern/recent scenario. The passage is about current international business dealings.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=russia%1:15:00:: - This is the Soviet Union (USSR), established in 1922, officially dissolved on December 31, 1991. This is a historical entity that no longer exists.

2. sense_key=russia%1:15:01:: - This refers to the Soviet Russia as part of the USSR, also a historical entity.

3. sense_key=russia%1:15:02:: - This is the Russian Empire from the 14th century, overthrown by revolution in 1917. This is definitely a historical entity.

4. sense_key=russia%1:15:04:: - This is "a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state". This describes the modern Russian Federation, which exists after 1991.

Given that the context is discussing current oil deals (the passage mentions "concluded Saturday" suggesting a recent event) and Russia as a contemporary political/economic actor making current business deals with Iraq, the appropriate sense would be the modern Russian Federation (sense 4), not any of the historical Russian states or the Soviet Union.

The answer should be sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: oil
Target surface form: oil
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=oil%1:27:00:: | definition=a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
2. sense_key=oil%1:06:01:: | definition=oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist | synonyms=oil color, oil colour
3. sense_key=oil%1:27:01:: | definition=a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil
4. sense_key=oil%1:13:00:: | definition=any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants | synonyms=vegetable oil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context is about Iraq's petroleum industry, specifically auctioning oil fields to foreign companies for extraction and infrastructure development. This refers to crude oil/petroleum - "a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons" - not cooking oil, paint oil, or oil as a general viscous substance. The synonyms "petroleum" and "crude oil" directly align with the economic and industrial context of the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "oil" is most appropriate.

The context is about:
- Iraqi Oil Ministry
- Foreign oil companies
- Oil industry
- Oil fields being auctioned
- References to oil infrastructure and refurbishing Iraq's oil industry

The text is clearly talking about the petroleum industry - specifically crude oil/petroleum that is extracted from oil fields and used as a natural resource.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=oil%1:27:00:: - "a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water" - This is a general definition of oil (the physical property)

2. sense_key=oil%1:06:01:: - "oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist" - This is about artist's oil paint, clearly not relevant

3. sense_key=oil%1:27:01:: - "a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons" with synonyms "petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil" - This is about petroleum/crude oil, which is exactly what the context is discussing

4. sense_key=oil%1:13:00:: - "any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants" - This is about vegetable/cooking oil, not relevant

The context is specifically about:
- Oil companies working in Iraq
- Oil fields being auctioned
- Oil infrastructure related to petroleum extraction
- The oil industry (meaning petroleum industry)

The phrase "oil firms" and "oil industry" in the context of Iraq clearly refers to the petroleum/crude oil industry, not cooking oil or paint oil.

Sense 3 is the best match - it explicitly mentions petroleum, crude oil, hydrocarbons, etc. This is what the context is discussing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major <t>role</t> in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes oil companies that "are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry." This refers to the expected function or part that these companies are assigned to perform. Sense 1 ("the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group") best captures this meaning - the oil firms have an expected role/function in the rebuilding process. Sense 4 is similar but emphasizes "normal or customary" activity, whereas sense 1 better fits the notion of assigned/expected involvement. Senses 2 and 3 (theatrical role and object function) are not relevant to the context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "role" in this sentence:

"...China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."

The sentence is talking about oil companies and their involvement in rebuilding Iraq's oil industry. The word "role" refers to the part or function these oil companies are expected to play in this process.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: - "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" - This talks about actions and activities assigned to someone or a group. The example is "the function of a teacher; the government must do its part." This is about the expected duties or function someone has in a context.

2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: - "an actor's portrayal of someone in a play" - This is clearly about theatrical/acting roles, which is not the case here.

3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: - "what something is used for" - This talks about function/purpose/use. Examples: "the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?" This is more about the function or purpose of an object.

4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: - "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting" - This talks about the customary activity in a social setting. Example: "what is your role on the team?"

In the context, "role" refers to the part or function that these oil companies are expected to play in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry. This is about the expected activities or part they will perform.
Comparing senses 1 and 4, both address group activities but with different emphases. Sense 1 focuses on assigned, required, or expected actions, while sense 4 emphasizes what's normal or customary. Since the phrase "are poised to play" suggests anticipated or designated involvement rather than established convention, sense 1 better captures the meaning here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by <t>decades</t> of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "decades" in this context refers to "periods of 10 years," which matches sense 1. The phrase "crippled by decades of war and sanctions" clearly indicates multiple time periods stretching over many years, not a numerical value. This is the standard temporal meaning of the word.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "decades" is being used.

The sentence reads: "...crippled by decades of war and sanctions."

Let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

In the context "decades of war and sanctions," the word "decades" refers to multiple periods of 10 years. This is clearly referring to a time period, not a number.

The second sense talks about a cardinal number (the number 10), which doesn't make sense in this context. You wouldn't say "the number 10 of war and sanctions."

The first sense is about "a period of 10 years," which perfectly fits the context. Iraq has been crippled by multiple periods of 10 years of war and sanctions - this is referring to durations of time.

Therefore, the correct answer is sense 1.

The sense index would be 1 (since it's the first candidate sense listed).