[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flow
Target surface form: flows
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flow%1:11:00:: | definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) | synonyms=flowing
2. sense_key=flow%1:28:00:: | definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time | synonyms=flow rate, rate of flow
3. sense_key=flow%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression | synonyms=stream
4. sense_key=flow%1:22:00:: | definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge
5. sense_key=flow%1:26:00:: | definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors
6. sense_key=flow%1:14:00:: | definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | synonyms=stream, current | examples=two streams of development run through American history; stream of consciousness
7. sense_key=flow%1:22:01:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The word "flows" in this context refers to "migration flows" - the continuous movement of people migrating. Sense 5 best captures this meaning: "something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously." This is clearly supported by the example provided in sense 5: "a stream of people emptied from the terminal," which directly parallels the movement of migrants described in the sentence.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "flow" is being used in this sentence.

The sentence is: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

The word "flows" here refers to "migration flows" - meaning the movement or stream of people migrating from one place to another.

Let me evaluate each candidate sense:

1. "the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)" - This is about physical fluids. Migration flows aren't physical fluids.

2. "the amount of fluid that flows in a given time" - This is about quantity of fluids. Again, not applicable.

3. "the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression" - This could work as it refers to continuous progression/streaming.

4. "any uninterrupted stream or discharge" - This is similar to sense 3 but more general.

5. "something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously" - This is about continuous movement of things (like a stream of people). The example "a stream of people emptied from the terminal" is very similar to migration flows. This seems very applicable.

6. "dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas" - This is more about abstract progression of events/ideas.

7. "the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus..." - This is about menstruation. Not applicable.

Looking at the examples in sense 5: "a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors" - this is very similar to migration flows. Migration flows are people moving/streaming continuously.

Sense 5 is the best fit because it describes a continuous movement of people, which is exactly what migration flows are.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: employment
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses economic impacts of immigration on "economic growth, wages and employment" as macroeconomic indicators. The word "employment" refers to the overall condition or state of having jobs available in countries, which aligns with sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job." This usage treats employment as an economic measure affected by immigration policy, not as a hiring action (sense 3) or tool usage (sense 4).

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "employment" is being used.

The sentence is: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

The context is discussing economic impacts of immigration, specifically:
- economic growth
- wages
- employment

In this economic context, "employment" is being used to refer to the state or condition of having jobs available in an economy, or the level of employment as an economic indicator.

Let me examine the senses:

1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: - "the state of being employed or having a job" - This refers to the condition of individuals having jobs.

2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: - "the occupation for which you are paid" - This seems odd, as occupation is different from employment. But the examples mention "he is looking for employment" which fits with seeking a job.

3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: - "the act of giving someone a job" - This is about the action of hiring, not about the state or condition.

4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: - "the act of using" - This is about using something as a tool or resource.

In the context "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment," the word "employment" refers to the overall state or availability of jobs in the economy. This is best captured by sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job."

The sentence is talking about economic indicators and policy impacts - how immigration affects employment levels in a country. This fits with sense 1 (the state of being employed) rather than sense 3 (the act of hiring) or sense 4 (the act of using).

The answer should be sense index 1.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses "countries, which admit immigrants" in relation to immigration policy and economic growth. The passage refers to nations as politically organized entities with governments capable of making immigration policy decisions. This aligns with Sense 1 ("a politically organized body of people under a single government"), which emphasizes the political sovereignty and governance aspect of nations that can "admit" immigrants through policy.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "country" is being used.

The sentence is: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

In this context, "countries" refers to politically organized nations that accept immigrants. The passage is discussing immigration policy, economic impacts, and how different nations handle immigration.

Let me consider each sense:

1. Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - This is about the political entity/state itself.

2. Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" - This is about the geographic/territorial aspect of a nation.

3. Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country" - This is about the population/people.

4. Sense 4: "an area outside of cities and towns" - This is rural/countryside, which is clearly not the meaning here.

5. Sense 5: "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary" - This is a specific geographic region, not the general sense we need.

The passage talks about "countries, which admit immigrants" - this is talking about nations that accept immigrants. This is referring to nations as political entities or territorial entities that have the capacity to admit immigrants through policy decisions.

Sense 1 fits best because it emphasizes the "politically organized body" aspect - these are countries that make immigration policy decisions.

Sense 2 also fits reasonably well because it's the territorial aspect.

However, when we say "countries admit immigrants," we're really talking about the nation-state as a political/administrative entity. Sense 1 (a politically organized body of people under a single government) seems most appropriate because it captures the idea that these are sovereign states with governments that can make immigration policy.
Sense 1 is the right choice here. The phrase "countries which admit immigrants" specifically refers to sovereign states with governments capable of making immigration decisions, not merely geographic territories or populations.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses immigration as a phenomenon and policy issue - "immigration problem," "positive impact of migration flows," and "restraining immigration" - all referring to the process or act of migration into a country, rather than a specific body or group of immigrants from a particular time interval. Sense 1 captures this usage better, as it defines immigration as the migration process itself.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "immigration" is being used.

The target word is "immigration" in the context: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

The two candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: - "migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)" - This is about the process/act of migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: - "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval" - This is about the collective group of immigrants

Looking at the context:
- "immigration problem to be solved" - refers to the phenomenon/process
- "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth" - talking about the process/phenomenon
- "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth" - talking about the process/act of restricting the phenomenon

The context discusses immigration as a policy issue, an economic phenomenon, and a process that can be restrained or encouraged. The passage discusses "migration flows" and the economic impacts of "immigration" as a phenomenon or process.

Sense 1 (immigration%1:04:00::) refers to the process/act of migration - "migration into a place"
Sense 2 (immigration%1:14:00::) refers to "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval" - a collective group

In this context, "Restraining immigration" is talking about restricting the process/phenomenon of people immigrating, not restricting a specific body of immigrants from a specific time period. The discussion is about immigration as a policy issue and economic phenomenon.

Sense 1 seems more appropriate because it's about the act/process of migration itself, which aligns with discussing "immigration problems," "positive impact of migration flows," and "restraining immigration."

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 3}

The context discusses "economic growth" in relation to immigration's impact on economies. The phrase "anaemic growth" refers to weak or sluggish economic expansion - a process of becoming larger or more important. This matches sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important," with the synonyms "increase, increment." Senses 1, 6, and 7 are too narrow or physical, sense 2 focuses on cultural/evolutionary progression, sense 4 refers to vegetation, and sense 5 refers to emergence/beginning.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "growth" is being used.

The sentence is: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

The context discusses:
- Economic impact of immigration
- Migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment
- The passage is clearly about economic/economic development

Looking at the target sentence, "anaemic growth" refers to sluggish or weak economic growth. This is clearly about economic growth - the increase in the size of an economy or economic output.

Let me examine the senses:

1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: - biological growth of an organism - NOT applicable here
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: - progression from simpler to complex forms - Could potentially apply to cultural/economic progression, but the example is "growth of culture"
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: - a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; synonyms: increase, increment - This matches! "Increase" is a synonym, and this is about economic growth becoming larger/more important
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: - vegetation that has grown - NOT applicable
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: - gradual beginning or coming forth - NOT applicable
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: - abnormal proliferation of tissue (tumor) - NOT applicable
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: - something grown or growing - Too vague, not specific enough

The best match is sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" with synonyms "increase, increment". This clearly refers to economic growth - the process of an economy becoming larger and more important.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: employment
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses how restraining immigration impacts "employment" in terms of job availability and economic health. The passage refers to "employment" as a measure of economic well-being—whether people have jobs—which aligns with sense 1's definition of "the state of being employed or having a job." This is distinct from sense 2 (occupation/type of work) or sense 3 (the act of hiring), and clearly not sense 4 (use of something).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for "employment" in this passage.

The sentence is: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>."

This is discussing how immigration impacts employment. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: - "the state of being employed or having a job" - synonyms: employ - examples mention looking for employment, being in the employ of the city

2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: - "the occupation for which you are paid" - synonyms: work - examples mention looking for employment and people out of work

3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: - "the act of giving someone a job" - synonyms: engagement

4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: - "the act of using" - synonyms: use, usage, utilization, etc.

In the context, "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment," the word is being used in the sense of overall employment levels or the state of having jobs available. The sentence is discussing the economic impact on the availability of jobs/employment.

This seems most aligned with sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job" - because the passage is discussing whether employment is harmed by restricting immigration. It's about the availability of jobs and people being employed.

Sense 2 could also work (the occupation for which you are paid), but sense 1 seems more directly aligned with discussing overall employment as a measure of economic health.

Sense 3 (act of giving someone a job) doesn't fit well here.

Sense 4 (the act of using) doesn't fit at all.

I believe sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fear
Target surface form: Fears
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. <t>Fears</t> about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fear%1:12:00:: | definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. sense_key=fear%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=fear%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The passage discusses "Fears about the impact of immigrants" in reference to anxious concerns and worries regarding economic consequences. This aligns with sense 2, which defines fear as "an anxious feeling" with synonyms like "concern" and "care." The example "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction" parallels the contextual usage perfectly—both refer to anxious apprehensions about potential negative outcomes rather than acute terror (sense 1) or reverence (sense 3).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "Fears" in this passage.

Looking at the sentence: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."

The context discusses:
- Fears about immigration and its economic impact
- The notion that immigrants might replace native workers
- Concern about downward pressure on wages
- These are worries/anxieties about potential negative consequences

Now let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=fear%1:12:00:: - "an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)" - This is more about acute fear/fright in response to immediate danger.

2. sense_key=fear%1:12:01:: - "an anxious feeling" with synonyms "concern, care" and examples like "care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction" - This matches the context well. It's about anxious concerns regarding potential impacts.

3. sense_key=fear%1:12:02:: - "a feeling of profound respect for someone or something" - This doesn't fit at all. The passage isn't about respecting immigrants.

The passage is discussing anxieties and concerns about the potential economic impacts of immigration. The "fears" here are worries about negative consequences, not acute terror or respect.

Sense 2 is the best fit because:
- It describes an "anxious feeling"
- The synonyms include "concern" which perfectly matches the context
- The example about "fear of public reaction" is very similar to "fears about the impact of immigrants"
- This is about worries regarding potential negative outcomes

The answer should be sense_index: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "impact" in this context refers to the effects or consequences that immigrants have on employment and wages. The passage discusses both the positive impact (mentioned earlier: "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment") and the feared impact on native workers. This matches sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect," as demonstrated by the example "the book had an important impact on my thinking," where impact similarly denotes the effect something has on a situation or outcome.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and candidate senses for the word "impact" in this passage.

The sentence in question is: "Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. "the striking of one body against another" - This is a physical, literal sense of impact (like a collision). Not appropriate here.

2. "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" - This fits the context. The passage is discussing the effects/consequences of immigrants on the labor market. The synonyms "wallop" and the example "the book had an important impact on my thinking" support this meaning.

3. "influencing strongly" - This could work, but it's more about the action of influencing. The context is about the effect/consequence of immigrants on employment and wages, not the act of influencing.

4. "the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat" - This is clearly not appropriate. There's nothing about combat or violent interaction in this context.

The best fit is sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect". The passage is discussing how immigrants have an effect on employment and wages. This is clearly referring to the consequences or effects that immigrants have on the labor market and wages.

Sense 2 matches both:
- The definition: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect"
- The example: "the book had an important impact on my thinking" - just as the book has an effect on thinking, immigrants have an effect on employment

So the answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "notion" is used in the context of "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers." This refers to a vague, unproven belief or idea that people hold—that immigrants will replace native workers. This matches sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" with synonyms like impression, feeling, and belief. The passage explicitly treats this as a fear-based assumption that is later contradicted by evidence, which fits the characterization of a vague idea people hold despite lacking solid grounding.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and candidate senses for the word "notion" in this passage.

The target sentence is: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

Let me examine each sense:

1. **Sense 1 (notion%1:09:02)**: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion. Examples show this is about subjective impressions or beliefs.

2. **Sense 2 (notion%1:09:00)**: "a general inclusive concept" - This is about a broad conceptual idea.

3. **Sense 3 (notion%1:09:01)**: "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea" - synonyms: whim, whimsy. Examples show this is about strange, whimsical ideas.

4. **Sense 4 (notion%1:06:00)**: "small personal articles or clothing or sewing items" - This doesn't apply to the context at all.

In the sentence, "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."

The word "notion" here refers to an idea or belief (a somewhat vague or uncertain belief) that immigrants will replace native workers. This is a fear-based idea that may not be fully grounded in evidence - indeed, the passage goes on to say that this notion is not supported by experience.

This fits best with **Sense 1**: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - it's a belief held by people (those who fear immigrants), even though the passage later argues it's not well-founded.

It could potentially be Sense 2 (general inclusive concept), but the context suggests more of a "vague idea" or "belief" that people hold, which is better captured by Sense 1.
The correct sense is **1**.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: workers
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native <t>workers</t>, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses native workers in the context of employment, labor markets, wages, and the potential for replacement by immigrants. This is clearly referring to people engaged in specific occupations or jobs, particularly unskilled labor. Sense 1 ("a person who works at a specific occupation") is the most appropriate fit for this economic and employment-related context, whereas sense 2 emphasizes social class ideology, sense 3 refers to insects, and sense 4 emphasizes agency rather than employment status.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "workers" in this sentence:

"Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

The context is discussing:
1. Immigration and labor economics
2. Native workers who might be replaced by immigrants
3. Specifically mentions "unskilled ones"
4. The discussion is about employment and wages

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: - "a person who works at a specific occupation" - This is a general definition of someone who has a job/occupation. Given the context about employment and labor, this fits well.

2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: - "a member of the working class (not necessarily employed)" - This has a Marxist tone ("workers of the world--unite!") and refers to social class. While the context discusses workers, it's more specifically about employment and wage-earners.

3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: - "sterile member of a colony of social insects" - This is clearly about insects (bees, ants), not applicable here.

4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: - "a person who acts and gets things done" - This is more about agency and action, not specifically about employment.

The context is specifically about people in employment who might be replaced by immigrants, discussing "native workers" in terms of their role in the labor market. This fits best with sense 1 - "a person who works at a specific occupation" - which is the most straightforward definition of workers in an employment/labor context.

While sense 2 could work with the sociological/class interpretation, sense 1 is more directly applicable to the economic context of employment and wages being discussed.
The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "ones" in the phrase "unskilled ones" is used as a pronoun referring back to "native workers" mentioned earlier in the sentence. It substitutes for the noun "workers" with the adjective "unskilled" applied. This matches sense 2, which defines "one" as a pronoun meaning "a single person or thing," exemplified by uses like "he is the best one."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "ones" appears:

"Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages."

The word "ones" here refers to "unskilled [workers]" - it's being used as a pronoun that refers back to "native workers" but with the modifier "unskilled" applying to it.

Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one

This is the numerical sense of "one" - referring to the number 1.

2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

This is the sense of "one" as a pronoun referring to "a single person or thing" - used as a substitute for a noun or group of nouns.

In the context: "in particular unskilled ones" - the word "ones" is being used as a pronoun to refer back to "workers" that have been previously mentioned. It means "unskilled workers/people."

This clearly matches sense 2: "a single person or thing" - where "one" is used as a pronoun to refer to a person or thing previously mentioned.

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "pressure" in this context refers to a compelling force or influence. The phrase "exerting downward pressure on wages" uses "pressure" metaphorically to describe a force that compels or pushes wages downward. This matches sense 2 ("a force that compels"), as seen in the similar example "the public brought pressure to bear on the government," where pressure functions as an influencing force affecting an outcome.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "pressure" is being used.

The context discusses immigration and its economic impacts. The relevant sentence is:
"Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages."

Here, "pressure" is used metaphorically to describe a downward force on wages. It's not about physical pressure (units like pascals), atmospheric pressure, or the sensation of pressure.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: - Physical force applied to unit area - NOT this (wages aren't measured in pascals)

2. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: - A force that compels - This could be it. "A force that compels" could apply metaphorically to the downward force on wages. Example: "the public brought pressure to bear on the government" shows pressure as a compelling force.

3. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: - The act of pressing; exertion of pressure - This is about the physical act, not metaphorical force.

4. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: - The state of demanding notice or attention - Not quite right for this context.

5. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: - Somatic sensation from applying force - Clearly not applicable.

6. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: - An oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress - This could work as it involves economic distress and oppressive conditions.

7. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: - Atmospheric pressure - Not applicable.

The phrase "exerting downward pressure on wages" is using "pressure" metaphorically to mean a compelling force or influence that pushes wages down.

The best fit is sense 2 - "a force that compels" - which captures how pressure functions as an influence affecting wages. The answer is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: experience
Target surface form: experience
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But <t>experience</t> shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=experience%1:09:01:: | definition=the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities | examples=a man of experience; experience is the best teacher
2. sense_key=experience%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of direct observation or participation in an event | examples=he had a religious experience; he recalled the experience vividly
3. sense_key=experience%1:11:00:: | definition=an event as apprehended | examples=a surprising experience; that painful experience certainly got our attention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "experience shows" in context refers to accumulated knowledge or evidence derived from direct observation and practical participation in events. The passage is arguing that empirical evidence—the accumulated knowledge from real-world observation of immigration patterns—demonstrates that immigrants are complementary to local labor. This usage corresponds to sense 1, which defines experience as "the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities," as exemplified by "experience is the best teacher."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for "experience" in this passage.

The target sentence is: "But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=experience%1:09:01:: | definition=the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities | examples=a man of experience; experience is the best teacher

2. sense_key=experience%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of direct observation or participation in an event | examples=he had a religious experience; he recalled the experience vividly

3. sense_key=experience%1:11:00:: | definition=an event as apprehended | examples=a surprising experience; that painful experience certainly got our attention

In the context, "But experience shows that..." - the phrase is saying that empirical evidence or practical observation demonstrates something. The usage is more like "what has been observed/learned through direct observation" - essentially accumulated knowledge from practice.

The key phrase is "experience shows" - meaning evidence from real-world observation/practice demonstrates something.

Looking at sense 1: "the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities" - this fits well with "experience shows" because it refers to the accumulated knowledge/learning from practical observation.

Looking at sense 2: "the content of direct observation or participation in an event" - this is more about a single event or its content.

Looking at sense 3: "an event as apprehended" - this is also about a particular event.

The phrase "experience shows" is using experience as a source of knowledge/evidence - accumulated practical knowledge. This fits best with sense 1, which emphasizes the accumulation of knowledge through direct participation.
The correct sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: replacement
Target surface form: replacements
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than <t>replacements</t> of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=replacement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another | synonyms=replacing | examples=replacing the star will not be easy
2. sense_key=replacement%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who takes the place of another person | synonyms=surrogate, alternate
3. sense_key=replacement%1:11:00:: | definition=an event in which one thing is substituted for another | synonyms=substitution, permutation, transposition, switch | examples=the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood
4. sense_key=replacement%1:09:00:: | definition=a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another | synonyms=substitute
5. sense_key=replacement%1:22:00:: | definition=filling again by supplying what has been used up | synonyms=refilling, replenishment, renewal
6. sense_key=replacement%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who follows next in order | synonyms=successor | examples=he was President Lincoln's successor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context describes immigrants as potential "replacements of, local labor" - referring to people who could take the place of native workers. Sense 4 ("a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another") best captures this meaning, where immigrants are viewed as potential substitutes for local workers in the feared scenario. The word "substitute" as a synonym further aligns with the passage's depiction of this concern.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "replacements" in this passage.

The context is about immigration and labor. The passage states: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones... But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than <t>replacements</t> of, local labor..."

So the sentence is saying that immigrants are NOT replacements of local labor - they are complementary to local labor instead.

Here, "replacements" refers to people who take the place of native/local workers. The sentence is contrasting the fear that immigrants would "replace" native workers with the reality that they are "complementary to" local labor.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another" - This is about the ACT of replacing, not a person/thing that replaces.

2. "someone who takes the place of another person" - This fits well. Immigrants as replacements of local workers means they are people taking the place of local workers.

3. "an event in which one thing is substituted for another" - This is about an event/process, not about the things themselves.

4. "a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another" - This also fits well. It's about a person or thing that can take the place of another.

5. "filling again by supplying what has been used up" - This is about replenishment, not relevant here.

6. "a person who follows next in order" - This is about succession, not relevant here.

The key difference between sense 2 and sense 4:
- Sense 2: "someone who takes the place of another person" (more specific - person only)
- Sense 4: "a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another" (broader - includes things)
- Sense 4 is broader and includes both persons and things that can substitute for another, while sense 2 is narrower and specifically refers to a person substituting for another person. Since the passage discusses immigrants as potential substitutes for local workers, sense 4 better captures the general notion of something that can fill that role.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: labor
Target surface form: labor
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local <t>labor</t>, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=labor%1:14:00:: | definition=a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | synonyms=labour, working class, proletariat | examples=there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field
2. sense_key=labor%1:04:00:: | definition=productive work (especially physical work done for wages) | synonyms=labour, toil | examples=his labor did not require a great deal of skill
3. sense_key=labor%1:26:00:: | definition=concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child | synonyms=parturiency, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed | examples=she was in labor for six hours
4. sense_key=labor%1:14:04:: | definition=an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement | synonyms=labor movement, trade union movement
5. sense_key=labor%1:14:02:: | definition=a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries | synonyms=British Labour Party, Labour Party, Labour
6. sense_key=labor%1:14:01:: | definition=the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913 | synonyms=Department of Labor, Labor Department, DoL
7. sense_key=labor%1:04:01:: | definition=any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted | synonyms=undertaking, project, task | examples=he prepared for great undertakings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "labor" in this context refers to the workforce or workers in the local area. The passage discusses how "immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor" and mentions "a shortage of local labor" in certain trades. This usage treats "labor" as referring to the collective group of workers, which aligns with sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages." The phrase "shortage of skilled labor" from the example definition also parallels the text's discussion of labor shortages in specific sectors.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word is "labor" in the sentence:

"But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local <t>labor</t>, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

The context is discussing:
1. The economic impact of immigration
2. Whether immigrants replace or complement local workers
3. The shortage of local labor in certain trades
4. Whether they work in sectors with shortages or in dynamic sectors

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=labor%1:14:00::** - "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" - This refers to people/workers as a class. The context mentions "local labor" and later "local workers", suggesting it could mean the workforce.

2. **sense_key=labor%1:04:00::** - "productive work (especially physical work done for wages)" - This refers to the actual work/activity performed.

3. **sense_key=labor%1:26:00::** - pregnancy/childbirth - clearly not relevant

4. **sense_key=labor%1:14:04::** - organized labor movement - not about this

5. **sense_key=labor%1:14:02::** - British Labour Party - not relevant

6. **sense_key=labor%1:14:01::** - US Department of Labor - not relevant

7. **sense_key=labor%1:04:01::** - a piece of work/task - doesn't fit well

In the context, "local labor" refers to workers/workforce in the local area. The phrase "there is a shortage of local labor" and comparing "immigrants" to "local labor" and "native workers" suggests it's referring to the workforce/workers themselves.

Sense 1 (labor%1:14:00::) defines labor as "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" - this seems most appropriate because "labor" here refers to the workforce/workers.
The answer is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trade
Target surface form: trades
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising <t>trades</t> in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trade%1:04:05:: | definition=the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services | examples=Venice was an important center of trade with the East; they are accused of conspiring to constrain trade
2. sense_key=trade%1:04:00:: | definition=the skilled practice of a practical occupation | synonyms=craft | examples=he learned his trade as an apprentice
3. sense_key=trade%1:04:01:: | definition=the business given to a commercial establishment by its customers | synonyms=patronage | examples=even before noon there was a considerable patronage
4. sense_key=trade%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=deal, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
5. sense_key=trade%1:14:00:: | definition=people who perform a particular kind of skilled work | synonyms=craft | examples=he represented the craft of brewers; as they say in the trade
6. sense_key=trade%1:19:00:: | definition=steady winds blowing from east to west above and below the equator | synonyms=trade wind | examples=they rode the trade winds going west
7. sense_key=trade%1:04:03:: | definition=an equal exchange | synonyms=barter, swap, swop | examples=we had no money so we had to live by barter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes immigrants "exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor." This refers to skilled occupations or professions that immigrants practice, directly matching sense 2: "the skilled practice of a practical occupation" (with synonym "craft"). The sentence is discussing the various skilled trades/occupations that immigrants perform, not the people themselves (sense 5), nor any commercial exchange (senses 1, 4, 7), nor wind patterns (sense 6).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "trades" in this sentence:

"But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising <t>trades</t> in which there is a shortage of local labor."

The sentence is discussing how immigrants work in certain occupations/professions where there's a shortage of local workers. It's talking about the different types of skilled work that immigrants do.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=trade%1:04:05:: - commercial exchange of goods and services (buying/selling). This doesn't fit - the context isn't about buying/selling.

2. sense_key=trade%1:04:00:: - skilled practice of a practical occupation (craft). This could fit - "trades" here could refer to skilled occupations.

3. sense_key=trade%1:04:01:: - business given to a commercial establishment. This doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=trade%1:04:02:: - particular instance of buying or selling. This doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=trade%1:14:00:: - people who perform a particular kind of skilled work (craft). This also fits well - "they represented the craft of brewers" is similar to immigrants exercising trades.

6. sense_key=trade%1:19:00:: - trade winds. This doesn't fit at all.

7. sense_key=trade%1:04:03:: - equal exchange, barter. This doesn't fit.

The two strongest candidates are sense 2 and sense 5.

Looking more carefully:
- Sense 2 (trade%1:04:00::) = "the skilled practice of a practical occupation" - this focuses on the skill/practice itself
- Sense 5 (trade%1:14:00::) = "people who perform a particular kind of skilled work" - this focuses on the people who do the work

In context "exercising trades in which there is a shortage" - "exercising trades" means practicing/performing trades, which suggests occupations themselves rather than the people.

The phrase "exercising trades" points toward the actual practice of skilled work rather than the practitioners themselves, making sense 2 the most appropriate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shortage
Target surface form: shortage
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a <t>shortage</t> of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shortage%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required | synonyms=deficit, shortfall | examples=new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit
2. sense_key=shortage%1:26:00:: | definition=an acute insufficiency | synonyms=dearth, famine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes immigrants working in trades "where there is a shortage of local labor" - meaning the amount of available local workers is less than what is required or expected for those occupations. This aligns with sense 1's definition of "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required," with synonyms like "deficit" and "shortfall" that match the meaning of insufficient supply in this context.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and both candidate senses for the word "shortage".

Context: "immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

This sentence is discussing how immigrants fill occupations where there is a lack/insufficient supply of local workers willing to work.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shortage%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required | synonyms=deficit, shortfall
   - This sense emphasizes a deficit or shortfall - the amount by which something falls short of what is expected or required.

2. sense_key=shortage%1:26:00:: | definition=an acute insufficiency | synonyms=dearth, famine
   - This sense emphasizes an acute or severe insufficiency - a significant lack or scarcity.

In the context, we're talking about trades/occupations where there is a shortage of local labor. This means there are not enough local workers in those fields. The sense refers to an insufficiency or lack of supply.

Both senses could apply here, but let me think more carefully:

Sense 1 focuses on "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required" - this is more about a quantifiable deficit from expectations.

Sense 2 focuses on "an acute insufficiency" - an acute, severe lack or scarcity.

The context suggests a general lack of local workers in certain trades/occupations. It's not necessarily emphasizing that it's "acute" or "severe" - just that there aren't enough local workers. This seems more like sense 1, which is a more general notion of something being less than what is needed/required.

Actually, I think sense 1 is the better fit here. The context is saying there's a shortage (deficit) of local labor in certain trades - meaning fewer local workers than are needed/required for those occupations.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: labor
Target surface form: labor
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local <t>labor</t>. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=labor%1:14:00:: | definition=a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | synonyms=labour, working class, proletariat | examples=there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field
2. sense_key=labor%1:04:00:: | definition=productive work (especially physical work done for wages) | synonyms=labour, toil | examples=his labor did not require a great deal of skill
3. sense_key=labor%1:26:00:: | definition=concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child | synonyms=parturiency, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed | examples=she was in labor for six hours
4. sense_key=labor%1:14:04:: | definition=an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement | synonyms=labor movement, trade union movement
5. sense_key=labor%1:14:02:: | definition=a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries | synonyms=British Labour Party, Labour Party, Labour
6. sense_key=labor%1:14:01:: | definition=the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913 | synonyms=Department of Labor, Labor Department, DoL
7. sense_key=labor%1:04:01:: | definition=any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted | synonyms=undertaking, project, task | examples=he prepared for great undertakings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "shortage of local labor" refers to the availability of workers in the local workforce. The context discusses immigrants as workers complementary to local workers, and the example in sense 1 ("there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field") directly parallels this usage. Sense 1 interprets "labor" as a social class of wage earners/workers, which is the appropriate sense here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "labor" appears:

"But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local <t>labor</t>."

The sentence is discussing immigrants and workers in the context of economic impact. The phrase "shortage of local labor" refers to the available workforce or workers themselves - specifically, the workers who perform work for wages in local areas.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=labor%1:14:00:: - "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" - This refers to the working class as a social group. The example "there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field" is very similar to our context.

2. sense_key=labor%1:04:00:: - "productive work (especially physical work done for wages)" - This refers to the work itself, not the workers. The example is "his labor did not require a great deal of skill" which refers to the work activity.

3. sense_key=labor%1:26:00:: - pregnancy-related, clearly not applicable

4. sense_key=labor%1:14:04:: - labor movement, unions - not applicable

5. sense_key=labor%1:14:02:: - British Labour Party - not applicable

6. sense_key=labor%1:14:01:: - Department of Labor - not applicable

7. sense_key=labor%1:04:01:: - any piece of work that is undertaken - not applicable

In the context "shortage of local labor," this could be interpreted as either:
- Sense 1: the working class/workers themselves
- Sense 2: the work/labor that is available

The phrase "shortage of local labor" typically means there aren't enough workers available. Looking at sense 1's example: "there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field" - this matches perfectly! It's talking about the shortage of workers (skilled ones), not the shortage of work to be done.
Sense 1 best captures the meaning here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in <t>sectors</t>, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context discusses immigrants working in different parts of the economy - sectors that lack local workers and dynamic economic sectors with skilled jobs. Sense 2 ("a social group that forms part of the society or the economy") is the appropriate economic/social meaning, supported by the example "the public sector." This directly matches how "sectors" is used to refer to distinct parts of the economy and labor market in the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "sectors" in this passage about immigration and economics.

The full sentence is: "Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment."

The context is discussing:
- Economic sectors/industries where immigrants work
- The labor market
- Types of work and employment
- Sectors that lack local workers, and dynamic sectors with skilled jobs

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: - "a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle" - This is a geometric definition, clearly not relevant here.

2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: - "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector" - This talks about parts of the economy/society. The example "public sector" is very relevant to the context of discussing different parts of the economy where immigrants work.

3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: - "a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere" - This is more general about aspects of life or activity.

4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: - "the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes" - This is technical/computing, not relevant.

5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: - "a portion of a military position" - This is military terminology, not relevant.

6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: - "measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end" - This is a tool, not relevant.

The best fit is clearly sense 2 (sector%1:14:00::), which explicitly defines "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy" and gives the example "the public sector". This directly relates to the economic sectors (industries) being discussed in the context about immigration and employment.
The answer is {"sense_index": 2}.