[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated <t>using</t> the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "using" in the sentence:

"The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated <t>using</t> the patient s height and weight)."

The word "using" here means "by means of" or "with the aid of." It's describing how the body surface area is calculated - it's calculated by using/employing the patient's height and weight as inputs.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home

This fits well. "Using the patient's height and weight" means employing/putting to use the height and weight as data inputs for the calculation. The synonyms "utilize" and "employ" also fit perfectly.

2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely

This doesn't fit - we're not consuming or habitually taking anything.

3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions

This doesn't fit - we're not consuming or using up anything.

4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections

This doesn't fit - there's no suggestion of taking advantage or manipulating anything.

5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

The remaining senses don't align with the present-tense context here. Sense 1 is the clear match—it captures the idea of putting height and weight into service as the means for calculating body surface area.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patient
Context:
Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the <t>patient</t> s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "patient" in this context refers to a person who requires medical care. The passage discusses dosing and administration of Alimta for people with non-small cell lung cancer, and the specific sentence mentions calculating the dose "using the patient's height and weight" - clearly referring to a person receiving medical treatment. This is the standard medical sense, not the grammatical/semantic role sense.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "patient" is being used.

The target word "patient" appears in this sentence:
"The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight)."

Let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" - This is the standard meaning of patient as a noun referring to a person receiving medical treatment.

2. Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" - This is a linguistic/grammatical sense referring to the grammatical role of the patient in a clause.

In the context provided, "patient" is being used to refer to a person undergoing medical treatment. The sentence is discussing how the dose of Alimta is calculated based on the patient's (a person's) height and weight. This is clearly referring to a person receiving medical care.

This is sense 1, not a linguistic/grammatical role. The word is being used as a noun to refer to the person, not as a grammatical or semantic role.

The answer should be sense index 1.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: height
Target surface form: height
Context:
Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s <t>height</t> and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=height%1:07:00:: | definition=the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top | synonyms=tallness
2. sense_key=height%1:26:00:: | definition=the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development | synonyms=acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative | examples=his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty; the artist's gifts are at their acme
3. sense_key=height%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot | synonyms=stature
4. sense_key=height%1:07:02:: | definition=elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface | synonyms=altitude | examples=the altitude gave her a headache

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes calculating body surface area using a patient's height and weight, which refers to the physical measurement of a standing person from head to foot. This is precisely what sense 3 defines: "(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot," also known as stature. This is the standard anthropometric measure used in medical dosage calculations, distinct from the general vertical dimension (sense 1), peak/acme meaning (sense 2), or altitude/elevation (sense 4).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "height" appears:

"The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient's height and weight)."

In this medical context, the height is being used along with weight to calculate body surface area. This is a standard medical practice where they need the patient's physical dimensions.

Now let me consider each sense:

1. sense_key=height%1:07:00:: | definition=the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top | synonyms=tallness
   - This is a general definition about vertical dimension

2. sense_key=height%1:26:00:: | definition=the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development | synonyms=acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative
   - This is about a peak or highest point, not relevant here

3. sense_key=height%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot | synonyms=stature
   - This specifically refers to a person's stature, the distance from head to foot, which is exactly what is meant in this medical context

4. sense_key=height%1:07:02:: | definition=elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface | synonyms=altitude
   - This is about elevation above ground or sea level, not relevant to a patient's body measurement

In the context of calculating body surface area using a patient's height and weight, we're clearly referring to the patient's physical stature - the distance from head to foot. This is sense 3, which specifically defines height as "(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot" with the synonym "stature".

The answer should be 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: weight
Target surface form: weight
Context:
Alimta is used together with cisplatin (another anticancer medicine) when the cancer is unresectable (cannot be removed by surgery alone) and malignant (has spread, or is likely to spread easily, to other parts of the body), in patients who have not received chemotherapy (medicines for cancer) before advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that is not affecting the squamous cells. Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and <t>weight</t>). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=weight%1:07:00:: | definition=the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity
2. sense_key=weight%1:06:01:: | definition=sports equipment used in calisthenic exercises and weightlifting; it is not attached to anything and is raised and lowered by use of the hands and arms | synonyms=free weight, exercising weight
3. sense_key=weight%1:07:01:: | definition=the relative importance granted to something | synonyms=weightiness | examples=his opinion carries great weight; the progression implied an increasing weightiness of the items listed
4. sense_key=weight%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that is heavy
5. sense_key=weight%1:12:00:: | definition=an oppressive feeling of heavy force | examples=bowed down by the weight of responsibility
6. sense_key=weight%1:23:01:: | definition=a system of units used to express the weight of something | synonyms=system of weights
7. sense_key=weight%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit used to measure weight | synonyms=weight unit | examples=he placed two weights in the scale pan
8. sense_key=weight%1:23:02:: | definition=(statistics) a coefficient assigned to elements of a frequency distribution in order to represent their relative importance | synonyms=weighting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 1}

The target word "weight" is used in a medical context where the dose of Alimta is calculated based on body surface area, which is determined using the patient's height and weight. This refers to the physical body weight of a patient—the vertical force exerted by the body's mass due to gravity. This is sense 1, the most literal and scientific meaning of weight as a physical measurement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "weight" appears:

"The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight)."

In this medical context, "weight" is clearly referring to the physical mass/body weight of a person. The dose is calculated based on body surface area, which is computed using height and weight.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity" - This is about gravitational force, but the context is using "weight" to mean body mass/body weight.

2. "sports equipment used in calisthenic exercises and weightlifting" - Not applicable; this is about physical weights used in exercise.

3. "the relative importance granted to something" - Not applicable; this is a figurative meaning.

4. "an artifact that is heavy" - Not applicable; this is too vague and doesn't fit the medical context.

5. "an oppressive feeling of heavy force" - Not applicable; this is figurative/emotional.

6. "a system of units used to express the weight of something" - Not applicable; this is about units.

7. "a unit used to measure weight" - Not applicable; the context is using "weight" as a measurement, not referring to units themselves.

8. "(statistics) a coefficient assigned to elements of a frequency distribution" - Not applicable; this is about statistical weighting.

The most appropriate sense is #1: "the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity." This is the scientific definition that encompasses body weight as well. When we measure someone's weight in a medical context, we're essentially measuring the gravitational force on their mass, which is the physical meaning of weight.

So the answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is <t>given</t> once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

The context describes administering Alimta, a medicine, to patients: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion." Sense 19 specifically defines "give (as medicine)" with the example "I gave him the drug," which directly matches the medical administration context in the sentence.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of "given" in the sentence:

"It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."

This is describing how Alimta (a medicine) is administered to patients. The subject is "it" (referring to Alimta), and it's being "given" - meaning the medicine is being administered or delivered to the patient.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense" - examples include "She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold" - This is about causing something negative or a side effect. Not the right sense.

2. sense 2: "be the cause or source of" - examples include "He gave me a lot of trouble" - This is about being a source of something. Not quite right.

3. sense 3: "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody" - examples include "I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?" - This could fit, as medicine is being transferred/given to a patient.

4. sense 4: "convey or reveal information" - Not about medicine administration.

5-7: Various other senses about conveying, bestowing, etc.

8. sense 8: "give as a present; make a gift of" - Not about medical administration.

**19. sense 19: "give (as medicine)" - examples include "I gave him the drug"** - This is EXACTLY what we need! This sense specifically refers to giving medicine, which is exactly what's happening in the context.

20. sense 20: "give or convey physically" - examples include "She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose" - This could also fit, but sense 19 is more specific for medicine.

The most appropriate sense is #19, which specifically defines "give (as medicine)" with the example "I gave him the drug". In the context, Alimta (a medicine) is being "given" as a medical treatment through intravenous infusion.
Sense 19 is the answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given <t>once</t> every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "once" in the context "It is given once every three weeks" means the medication is administered **one time** in a three-week period. This matches sense 1 ("on one occasion"), which carries the meaning of a single instance or occurrence. Senses 2 and 3 do not fit: sense 2 is a conjunction meaning "as soon as," and sense 3 refers to a past time, neither of which applies here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "once".

The sentence is: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
   - This means "on a single occasion" or "one time"

2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
   - This is a conjunction meaning "as soon as" or "when"

3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing
   - This means "at a former time" or "in the past"

In the context "It is given once every three weeks", the word "once" means "one time" - i.e., the medicine is administered one time in a period of three weeks.

This matches sense 1: "on one occasion" with the definition "one time". The sentence structure is describing how frequently something happens - it happens one time every three weeks.

This is not sense 2 because it's not a conjunction with a causal/temporal relationship.
This is not sense 3 because it's not referring to a past time.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: every
Target surface form: every
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once <t>every</t> three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=every%5:00:00:all:00 | definition=(used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly and without exception | examples=every person is mortal; every party is welcome
2. sense_key=every%5:00:02:all:00 | definition=each and all of a series of entities or intervals as specified | examples=every third seat; every two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "given once every three weeks" describes a recurring temporal interval. This matches Sense 2, which specifies "each and all of a series of entities or intervals as specified," with the direct parallel example "every two hours." Sense 1 refers to all members of a group considered individually, which does not apply to this temporal usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word is "every" in the phrase "It is given once every three weeks."

Looking at the two candidate senses:

Sense 1: "(used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly and without exception" with examples like "every person is mortal; every party is welcome"

Sense 2: "each and all of a series of entities or intervals as specified" with examples like "every third seat; every two hours"

In the context "It is given once every three weeks," the word "every" is describing a recurring interval - the medication is administered at intervals of three weeks. This is describing a temporal interval or sequence, not individual members of a discrete group.

Sense 2 is clearly the better fit because:
1. It explicitly mentions "intervals" which matches the temporal context
2. The example "every two hours" is directly parallel to "every three weeks"
3. It's describing a series of temporal intervals that are specified

Sense 1 would apply to cases like "every doctor must read this" where we're talking about all members of a group individually.

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: weeks
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three <t>weeks</t> as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "week" is being used.

The sentence reads: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."

This is referring to a medical dosing schedule where the drug Alimta is administered once every three weeks. In this medical/pharmaceutical context, "weeks" refers to a period of seven consecutive days.

Let me consider each sense:

1. "sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week"
   - This is the general sense of a week as any period of seven consecutive days. This fits the context perfectly - three weeks means three periods of seven consecutive days.

2. "sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week"
   - This refers to the working part of a week, not the full seven-day period. This doesn't fit the medical dosing context.

3. "sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week"
   - This is a specific type of week that starts on Sunday. While this could technically apply, it's more specific than needed for a medical context.

In the medical context, "every three weeks" means every three periods of seven consecutive days. This is the most general and commonly used sense - sense 1.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: infusion
Target surface form: infusion
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous <t>infusion</t> lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=infusion%1:27:00:: | definition=a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water) | synonyms=extract
2. sense_key=infusion%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)
3. sense_key=infusion%1:04:00:: | definition=(medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)
4. sense_key=infusion%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of infusing or introducing a certain modifying element or quality | examples=the team's continued success is attributable to a steady infusion of new talent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes the administration of Alimta "as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes," which refers to the medical procedure of introducing a drug directly into a vein. This precisely matches sense 3's definition: "(medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine which sense of "infusion" is being used.

The relevant sentence is: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."

This is describing how Alimta (a cancer treatment drug) is administered to patients. The context clearly indicates:
1. It's given intravenously (into a vein)
2. It lasts 10 minutes
3. This is a medical/pharmaceutical context

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=infusion%1:27:00:: - "a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)" - This is about a product/solution, like tea or herbal infusion. Not appropriate here.

2. sense_key=infusion%1:22:00:: - "the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)" - This is about extraction/processing. Not what's being described here.

3. sense_key=infusion%1:04:00:: - "(medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)" - This perfectly matches! The context describes giving Alimta intravenously, which is exactly what this definition describes - introducing a drug into a vein.

4. sense_key=infusion%1:04:01:: - "the act of infusing or introducing a certain modifying element or quality" with examples about adding new talent to a team - This is a metaphorical/figurative use, not appropriate for the medical context.

The best answer is sense 3, which specifically refers to the medical procedure of introducing a drug into a vein - exactly what's being described in the context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: lasting
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion <t>lasting</t> 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%2:42:00:: | definition=persist for a specified period of time | synonyms=endure | examples=The bad weather lasted for three days
2. sense_key=last%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "lasting" in this context describes the duration of the intravenous infusion—it continues for 10 minutes. This matches sense 1, which means "persist for a specified period of time." The infusion lasts (persists) for a specific duration, similar to how "the bad weather lasted for three days" in the example. Sense 2, which involves surviving hardship or adversity, is not applicable here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "lasting" is intended.

The sentence is: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."

Here, "lasting" is describing how long the infusion takes. It's saying the infusion lasts for 10 minutes - it continues for a period of time (10 minutes).

Let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=last%2:42:00:: | definition=persist for a specified period of time | synonyms=endure | examples=The bad weather lasted for three days
   - This sense is about something persisting or continuing for a specific duration

2. sense_key=last%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
   - This sense is about surviving through difficult circumstances

In the context "infusion lasting 10 minutes," the infusion is continuing for a period of time. This is clearly about the duration of time something continues, not about surviving through adversity.

The first sense (persist for a specified period of time) is the correct one. The infusion persists/continues for 10 minutes.

So the answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minute
Target surface form: minutes
Context:
Alimta is used in combination with cisplatin in patients who have not been treated before, and on its own in patients who have received another type of chemotherapy in the past. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 <t>minutes</t>. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minute%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour | synonyms=min | examples=he ran a 4 minute mile
2. sense_key=minute%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=minute%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
4. sense_key=minute%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree | synonyms=arcminute, minute of arc
5. sense_key=minute%1:10:00:: | definition=a short note | examples=the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting
6. sense_key=minute%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=hour | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "minutes" in the context "lasting 10 minutes" refers to a specific unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour. The verb "lasting" indicates a measurable duration of the intravenous infusion, which clearly maps to the standard temporal unit definition (sense 1), not an indefinite moment (sense 2), a point in time (sense 3), angular measurement (sense 4), written records (sense 5), or distance measured by time (sense 6).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "minute" is being used in this sentence.

The sentence is: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes."

The word "minutes" here is clearly referring to a unit of time. The context states that the infusion lasts 10 minutes, which is a measure of duration.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=minute%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour | synonyms=min | examples=he ran a 4 minute mile
   - This is the standard unit of time (60 seconds)

2. sense_key=minute%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
   - This is a vague reference to a short, unspecified time

3. sense_key=minute%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
   - This refers to a specific moment in time, not a duration

4. sense_key=minute%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree | synonyms=arcminute, minute of arc
   - This is about angular measurement, not time duration

5. sense_key=minute%1:10:00:: | definition=a short note | examples=the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting
   - This is about written notes/records, not a time duration

6. sense_key=minute%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=hour | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away
   - This refers to spatial distance expressed in temporal units, not a duration measurement

The verb "lasting" signals we're measuring how long the infusion takes, which points directly to the standard temporal unit. This is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduce
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To <t>reduce</t> side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image
10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context "To reduce side effects" means to make the side effects smaller or less severe. Sense 1 ("cut down on; make a reduction in") is the best fit, as it captures the meaning of decreasing or lessening something in amount or degree. This is supported by the synonym "cut down" and the example "reduce your daily fat intake," which parallels the structure of reducing unwanted effects in medical treatment.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully:

"To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."

The word "reduce" here means to make something smaller in amount, degree, or severity. The goal is to lessen the side effects.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "cut down on; make a reduction in" - This fits well. It means to make something less in amount or degree. The example "reduce your daily fat intake" is very similar in structure to "reduce side effects."

2. "make less complex" - Doesn't fit. We're not making the side effects less complex, we're making them less severe/frequent.

3. "bring to humbler or weaker state" - Doesn't fit. This is about degrading/humbling someone.

4. Mathematical expression - Doesn't fit.

5. "lower in grade or rank" - Doesn't fit.

6. "be the essential element" - Doesn't fit.

7. "reduce in size" - Could work but it's about physical size reduction.

8. "lessen and make more modest" - This could work but is more about standards of living.

9. "make smaller" - General, but more about physical size.

10. Chemical reaction - Doesn't fit.

11. "narrow or limit" - Doesn't fit perfectly.

12. "put down by force" - Doesn't fit.

13. Meiosis - Doesn't fit.

14. Medical reposition - Doesn't fit.

15. Sound pronunciation - Doesn't fit.

16. Shorten/abridge - Doesn't fit for side effects.

17. Cooking liquid - Doesn't fit.

18. Cooking sauce - Doesn't fit.

19. "lessen the strength or flavor of a solution" - Doesn't fit well.
20. Weight loss - Doesn't fit.

The most fitting sense is the first one: "cut down on; make a reduction in." This captures the straightforward meaning of making side effects less severe or less frequent, which aligns with the medical context of the sentence.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce <t>side effects</t>, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context clearly refers to adverse effects of the drug Alimta. Sense 1 is the most appropriate because it specifically defines side effects as "a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy," which directly matches the usage in this medical context discussing medication administration and management of drug-related adverse effects.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for "side effects" in the given sentence.

The context is about the medicine Alimta, which is a chemotherapy drug. The passage explains:
- How the medicine is used (dosing and administration)
- What measures are taken "To reduce side effects" - patients should take corticosteroids and folic acid, and receive vitamin B12 injections

The two candidate senses are:

1. Sense 1 (1:26:00): "a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy"
   - Example: "severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug"
   - This is specifically about drugs and their adverse effects

2. Sense 2 (1:19:00): "any adverse and unwanted secondary effect"
   - Synonyms: fallout
   - Example: "a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal"
   - This is a more general sense that can apply to any situation

In the context, "side effects" is clearly being discussed in the context of a drug (Alimta) and the adverse effects it may cause. The passage is explaining how to manage or reduce these adverse effects through supplementary medications.

Sense 1 is the most appropriate because:
- It specifically refers to effects of drugs/therapy
- The context is about a medication (Alimta)
- It matches the typical usage where side effects of drugs are being discussed

The answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, <t>patients</t> should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The word "patients" in this context refers to actual people receiving medical treatment for cancer. The sentence discusses what these patients should do during their Alimta chemotherapy treatment. This matches sense 1, which defines a patient as "a person who requires medical care." Sense 2 is a linguistic/grammatical term about semantic roles, which is not applicable to this concrete usage describing people undergoing medical treatment.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "patient" is being used.

The target word is "patients" in this sentence:
"To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."

Let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
   - This is a noun sense referring to a person who receives medical treatment

2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role
   - This is a linguistic/grammatical sense referring to the patient role in language

In the context, "patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid..." is clearly referring to actual people who are receiving medical treatment. These are people undergoing cancer chemotherapy treatment with Alimta.

The first sense (patient%1:18:00::) is the correct one because:
- It refers to "a person who requires medical care"
- The context is about medical treatment
- The example "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly" is similar in usage to "patients should take..."
- This is the everyday, concrete noun usage

The second sense is about the grammatical role of a word in a sentence, which is not what's being used here.

So the answer should be sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: type
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "type" appears in the phrase "folic acid (a type of vitamin)" where it indicates a subdivision or category within the broader class of vitamins. This matches sense 1, which defines "type" as "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing," with the example "what type of sculpture do you prefer?" demonstrating identical usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."

The target word "type" is used in the phrase "a type of vitamin". Here, "type" is being used to indicate a category or subdivision - specifically, folic acid is being characterized as a kind/category of vitamin.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
   - This definition matches perfectly. "A type of vitamin" means a subdivision/category of vitamins. The example "what type of sculpture do you prefer?" is directly analogous.

2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind | synonyms=character, eccentric, case
   - This is about a person, not applicable here since we're talking about folic acid.

3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group
   - This is a technical biological term for taxonomy, not the intended meaning here.

4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters
   - This is about typography, not applicable.

5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol
   - This is also about typography/characters, not applicable.

6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character
   - This is about printing type, not applicable.

The best fit is clearly sense 1, which defines type as "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" - this is exactly how "type" is being used when saying "folic acid (a type of vitamin)".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injections
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive <t>injections</t> of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

The context describes patients receiving injections of vitamin B12 during treatment. This refers to the medical procedure of administering a substance into the body via syringe, which aligns with sense 3: "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe." The synonym "shot" and the example "the nurse gave him a flu shot" support this interpretation, as the sentence uses parallel structure ("receive injections") similar to how one would "receive a shot."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "injection" is being used.

The context is about the medicine Alimta and its usage. Specifically, the sentence is:
"To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive <t>injections</t> of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."

So we're talking about patients receiving injections of vitamin B12. This is clearly about administering a substance (vitamin B12) into the body.

Let me look at the three senses:

1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
   - This is a general definition about the physical act/mechanism

2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
   - This refers to the substance/solution being injected

3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot
   - This refers to the act/procedure of injecting

In the context, "patients should...receive injections of vitamin B12" - this is talking about the act/procedure of giving injections. The patients are receiving the procedure.

The synonyms given are:
- For sense 1: just the definition itself
- For sense 2: injectant (which is the substance)
- For sense 3: shot (which refers to the procedure)

The example "the nurse gave him a flu shot" matches our context well - it's the same type of scenario.
Sense 3 is the correct answer since it captures the medical procedure of administering liquid via syringe, which aligns with how the term is used in the treatment context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during <t>treatment</t> with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and candidate senses for the word "treatment".

Context: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."

The context is about medical care for a patient receiving Alimta (a chemotherapy drug). The sentence discusses what patients should do "during treatment with Alimta" to reduce side effects.

Let me examine each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
   - This is clearly about medical treatment/care. The definition matches perfectly with the context about cancer chemotherapy and medical interventions.

2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
   - This is about management in a general sense. While treatment can mean management, this seems more general and the examples (prisoners, sewage) don't match the medical context.

3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
   - This is about artistic treatment, clearly not relevant here.

4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased
   - This is about treatment as a discussion/discourse, not relevant here.

The best fit is sense 1. The context is about medical treatment (Alimta chemotherapy) and the side effects management. The definition "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" is exactly what the context is describing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

The context is clearly medical/pharmaceutical, describing how Alimta (a chemotherapy drug) should be administered to patients. The phrase "When Alimta is given with cisplatin" refers to administering medicine to patients. Sense 19 ("give (as medicine)") directly matches this usage, with the example "I gave him the drug" being parallel in meaning.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "given" in this medical text.

The sentence is: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

In this context, "given" refers to administering a drug/medicine to a patient. This is a medical/pharmaceutical context where a treatment is being administered.

Looking at the candidate senses:

19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug

This is clearly the most appropriate sense. It's specifically about giving medicine, which matches the context perfectly. The drug Alimta is being given to patients.

Other potentially relevant senses:
- Sense 20: "give or convey physically" - could work but less specific
- Sense 3: "transfer possession" - too general
- Sense 1: "cause to have" - too general

But sense 19 is the most specific and directly applicable to the administration of medicine, which is what "given" means in this pharmaceutical/medical context.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 19}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes "an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting)" which is a substance administered to prevent symptoms of disease. This matches sense 2: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease," with synonyms including medication and medicinal drug. The parenthetical explanation "(to prevent vomiting)" directly supports this concrete, substance-based meaning rather than the abstract concepts of medical specialties, the profession of medicine, or the idiomatic "punishment" meaning.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "medicine" is being used.

The context is about Alimta treatment and mentions "an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting)".

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: - "the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques" - This refers to a branch of medical science/specialty. This doesn't fit the context.

2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: - "(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" - synonyms: medication, medicament, medicinal drug. This is about a substance/drug that treats or prevents disease symptoms. This fits perfectly with "anti-emetic medicine" (something to prevent vomiting).

3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: - "the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school..." - This refers to the profession/practice of medicine itself. This doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: - "punishment for one's actions" - This is an idiomatic/metaphorical sense (similar to "take your medicine" meaning accept punishment). This clearly doesn't fit.

In the context, "an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting)" is clearly referring to a substance/drug that prevents vomiting. This is sense 2 - something that treats or prevents or alleviates symptoms of disease.

The answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context shows "prevent vomiting" where the anti-emetic medicine is meant to stop vomiting from occurring. This matches sense 2, which describes stopping something from happening or being in a certain state. The example "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" directly parallels the usage here—both involve preventing an unwanted condition or event from taking place.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the two candidate senses for "prevent" in this sentence:

"When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

The word "prevent" here is used with "vomiting" - the meaning is to stop vomiting from happening/occurring.

Let me examine the two senses:

1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition="keep from happening or arising; make impossible" | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples="My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project"

This sense is about preventing something from happening or arising. In the context, we're trying to prevent vomiting from happening - this fits well. The synonyms like "forestall" and "preclude" suggest stopping something from occurring.

2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition="stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" | synonyms=keep | examples="We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep"

This sense is more about stopping someone or something from doing something or being in a state. The examples show "prevent the cancer from spreading" which is similar in structure to "prevent vomiting."

Actually, looking at the context more carefully: "to prevent vomiting" - we're preventing the action/state of vomiting from occurring.

Sense 1 emphasizes "keep from happening or arising" - vomiting is an event that could happen.
Sense 2 emphasizes "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" - keeping vomiting from happening.

The key difference seems to be:
- Sense 1: keep something from happening (event prevention)
- Sense 2: stop something from doing something or being in a state

The example "prevent the cancer from spreading" in sense 2 parallels our usage closely—both involve stopping an undesirable condition from developing. This direct alignment with preventing adverse outcomes like vomiting makes sense 2 the stronger match.