[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate <t>conference</t> -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes a formal, U.N.-sponsored international meeting with an organized agenda focused on negotiating climate change policy. This matches sense 1, which defines a conference as "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)." The reference to the document outlining specific actions, the formal political negotiations, and the official U.N. sponsorship all indicate this is a formal, structured meeting rather than a casual discussion (sense 3) or sports association (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "conference" is being used.

The target word is "conference" in the context of "U.N.-sponsored climate conference"

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)

2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league

3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

From the context:
- "U.N.-sponsored climate conference"
- "characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations"
- "gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document"
- "could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases"

This is clearly about a large, formal, international meeting where nations gather to discuss climate change and negotiate greenhouse gas regulations.

Sense 2 is about sports conferences/leagues, which is clearly not applicable here.

Sense 3 is about "a discussion among participants" - this could work, but it seems less formal than what's being described.

Sense 1 is about "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)" - this perfectly fits a U.N.-sponsored climate conference that is formal, has a specific agenda (greenhouse gas reduction), and involves consultation and discussion.

The best fit is sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: focus
Target surface form: focus
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=focus%1:09:00:: | definition=the concentration of attention or energy on something | synonyms=focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering | examples=the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life
2. sense_key=focus%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system | examples=in focus; out of focus
3. sense_key=focus%1:07:03:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea | examples=the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion
4. sense_key=focus%1:26:00:: | definition=a central point or locus of an infection in an organism | synonyms=focal point, nidus | examples=the focus of infection
5. sense_key=focus%1:26:01:: | definition=special emphasis attached to something | synonyms=stress | examples=the stress was more on accuracy than on speed
6. sense_key=focus%1:19:00:: | definition=a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges | synonyms=focal point
7. sense_key=focus%1:15:00:: | definition=a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes the U.N. climate conference gaining "renewed focus" with the release of a document. This refers to the concentration of attention and effort being directed toward the climate issue. The synonyms "direction" and "concentration of attention" align with how "focus" is used here—the conference regained centralized attention and direction after the release of the emissions reduction plan. This matches sense 1, which defines focus as "the concentration of attention or energy on something."

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "focus" in this sentence.

The sentence is: "The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years..."

The context suggests that "focus" here means the conference regained attention/attention was directed toward it. The document "gained renewed focus" - meaning the attention and concentration of efforts became directed toward this issue again.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=focus%1:09:00::** - "the concentration of attention or energy on something" with synonyms like "focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering" and examples like "the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology". This fits well - the conference gained renewed focus/attention.

2. **sense_key=focus%1:07:01::** - "maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system" - This is about optical focus, not relevant here.

3. **sense_key=focus%1:07:03::** - "maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea" - This could work metaphorically, but it's more about clarity of understanding rather than attention concentration.

4. **sense_key=focus%1:26:00::** - "a central point or locus of an infection in an organism" - Medical terminology, not relevant.

5. **sense_key=focus%1:26:01::** - "special emphasis attached to something" with synonym "stress" - This is close but more about emphasis/stress.

6. **sense_key=focus%1:19:00::** - "a point of convergence of light" - Physics/optical, not relevant.

7. **sense_key=focus%1:15:00::** - "a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic section" - Mathematical, not relevant.
The first sense definition best captures the meaning here. When the conference "gained renewed focus," it means participants redirected their concentrated attention and efforts toward the substantive issue at hand, moving past the earlier posturing and recriminations.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a <t>document</t> outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%1:10:00:: | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers
2. sense_key=document%1:06:00:: | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks
3. sense_key=document%1:21:00:: | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation
4. sense_key=document%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context describes an official U.N. document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions. Sense 1 ("writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)") is the best match, as the document is clearly an official written text from a U.N. climate conference that provides information about proposed emissions reductions policy.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "document" best fits.

The context reads: "...gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years..."

This is clearly referring to an official written plan/text from a U.N. climate conference. It's described as something that:
- Was released by the U.N. group
- Outlines ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions
- Could provide the basis for a final political deal
- Is a text that illuminates a path forward

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. **sense_key=document%1:10:00::** - "writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)" with synonyms "written document, papers"
   - This fits very well. The document is official (from U.N.), provides information about greenhouse-gas reductions, and is clearly a written document.

2. **sense_key=document%1:06:00::** - "anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks"
   - This is too general and philosophical. While technically true, it doesn't capture the specific sense of an official written document.

3. **sense_key=document%1:21:00::** - "a written account of ownership or obligation"
   - This is about documents of ownership/obligation (like deeds, contracts). The climate plan doesn't fit this sense.

4. **sense_key=document%1:10:01::** - "(computer science) a computer file that contains text using seven-bit ASCII characters" with synonym "text file"
   - This is specifically about computer files. The context doesn't indicate this is about a computer file per se; it's about an official U.N. document/plan.

The best fit is **sense 1** - it refers to official written information, which matches the context of a U.N.-drafted official plan about greenhouse-gas reductions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduction
Target surface form: reductions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas <t>reductions</t> over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduction%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of decreasing or reducing something | synonyms=decrease, diminution, step-down
2. sense_key=reduction%1:22:00:: | definition=any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent | synonyms=reducing
3. sense_key=reduction%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of reducing complexity | synonyms=simplification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses "greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years," which refers to decreases in the amount of emissions. This is a straightforward quantitative reduction in something (greenhouse gases), matching sense 1: "the act of decreasing or reducing something." Sense 2 is a chemistry-specific term irrelevant to environmental policy, and sense 3 (reducing complexity) does not fit the quantitative focus of the passage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "reductions" in this sentence about greenhouse-gas emissions.

The context is:
"...a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years..."

The word "reductions" here refers to decreases in greenhouse gas emissions. The document is talking about how much emissions will be reduced over the next 40 years.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "the act of decreasing or reducing something" - This fits well with the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It's about making something smaller or less.

2. sense 2: "any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion" - This is a chemistry/science term referring to a specific chemical process. This doesn't fit the context at all, as the passage is about environmental policy, not chemistry.

3. sense 3: "the act of reducing complexity" - This is about simplifying something, making it less complex. While emissions could theoretically be reduced as part of simplification, this doesn't capture the primary meaning in context. The focus is on the quantitative decrease in greenhouse gases, not on reducing complexity per se.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The context is about reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere - this is a straightforward decrease or reduction in quantity, which matches "the act of decreasing or reducing something."

The answer should be sense_index: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 <t>years</t>, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context "greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years" refers to standard calendar years—a period of 365/366 days. The phrase indicates a span of 40 calendar years over which emissions reductions would occur. This is the most common sense of "year" as a basic unit of temporal measurement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "years" in this sentence.

The context is: "...greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years..."

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
   - This is the standard calendar year, a period of 365/366 days.

2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
   - This refers to a portion of a calendar year used for a specific purpose, like a school year.

3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
   - This is an astronomical year, the time for a planet to orbit the sun.

4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High
   - This refers to a cohort of students graduating together.

In the context "greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years," the word is clearly referring to a standard calendar year - a period of 365/366 days. The phrase "over the next 40 years" means over the next 40 calendar years.

This is definitely sense 1 (year%1:28:01::), which refers to "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days."

The sense index would be 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the <t>burden</t> in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context "industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term" refers to the responsibility and obligation these nations must bear regarding greenhouse gas reductions. This matches sense 1 ("an onerous or difficult concern"), particularly evident in the phrase "the burden of responsibility" provided as an example. The verb "shouldering" reinforces the meaning of taking on a difficult obligation or onus, rather than physical weight or a textual theme.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "burden" is being used.

The sentence is: "with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
   - This refers to something difficult or onerous that one has to bear/deal with. "Burden of responsibility" is given as an example.

2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
   - This is about physical weight to be carried.

3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
   - This is about the main theme or central idea in a text.

4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
   - This is also about the main idea in a text/discourse.

In the context, "shouldering most of the burden" refers to the obligation and responsibility that industrialized nations need to take in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is about an onerous or difficult responsibility/concern that nations must bear.

This clearly matches sense 1: "an onerous or difficult concern" with synonyms like "onus" and examples like "the burden of responsibility."

The phrase "shouldering the burden" means taking on the responsibility/obligation, which is exactly what sense 1 describes.

So the answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "in the near term" clearly refers to a limited period of time in the near future. Sense 2 ("a limited period of time") is the best fit, as evidenced by similar usage patterns like "a prison term" and "end of term" in the examples provided.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "term" in this sentence:

"The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

The phrase is "in the near term" - this is talking about a period of time. The document discusses greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations bearing the burden "in the near term" - meaning in the near future, in the short-term time period.

Let me check the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: - "a word or expression used for some particular thing" - Not appropriate here, this is about a period of time, not a word/expression.

2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: - "a limited period of time" - This fits perfectly. Examples are "a prison term; he left school before the end of term". The phrase "in the near term" clearly means "in the near period of time."

3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: - "(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement" - Not appropriate, this is about conditions/requirements, not time.

4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: - "any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial" - This is mathematical, not relevant.

5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: - "one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition" - This is about logic, not relevant.

6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: - "the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent" - Not relevant to this context.
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: - "(architecture) a statue or a human bust..." - Not relevant.

The correct sense is clearly the second one—"a limited period of time"—which aligns with how "in the near term" refers to a short timeframe ahead.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to a document released at the U.N. climate conference that outlines greenhouse-gas reductions. The "text" is the written content of that policy document. This matches sense 1 ("the words of something written"), which is analogous to the example "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" — in both cases, we're referring to the formal written content of a policy document.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to determine which sense of "text" is being used.

The context is about a U.N. climate conference. The passage states: "The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

This is referring to a document that outlines greenhouse-gas reductions. The "text" here is the words/content of a document that was released at the climate conference.

Let me review the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
   - This refers to the actual written words/content of a document. The example "printed text of the mayor's speech" is very similar to the context - a formal document with written content.

2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon
   - This is specifically about biblical passages, which doesn't apply here.

3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges
   - This refers to textbooks, which is not what is being described here. The document is not a textbook.

4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)
   - This refers to distinguishing the main body from other elements like illustrations or footnotes.

The best fit is sense 1. The context refers to a document ("a document outlining...") that was released, and "text" is being used to mean the written content/words of that document. This matches sense 1: "the words of something written" with the example "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" being analogous to the U.N. releasing the text of their climate proposal.
Sense 1 is the correct answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes how the U.N. document "could provide the basis for a final political deal." This refers to the fundamental foundation and groundwork upon which the political negotiations will proceed. Sense 2 captures this meaning of "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed," which aligns with how the document serves as the foundational text for future agreements. The synonyms "foundation" and "groundwork" directly match the usage in the sentence.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "basis".

Context: "The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases..."

Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1: "a relation that provides the foundation for something" with synonyms "footing, ground" and examples "they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis"
   - This is about a foundation or ground for something
   - The example "he worked on an interim basis" suggests it's about the terms or conditions

2. Sense 2: "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained" with synonyms "base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone" and examples "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture"
   - This is about the fundamental assumptions or principles underlying something
   - The example shows something being based on conjecture

3. Sense 3: "the most important or necessary part of something" with synonyms "base" and examples "the basis of this drink is orange juice"
   - This refers to a main ingredient or essential component

In the context: "The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal..."

The text provides the foundation/fundamental document upon which a final political deal could be built. This seems to fit sense 2 best - it's about the fundamental assumptions or principles (the document's content) from which something (a final political deal) is begun or developed.

Sense 1 is more about a relation or condition, sense 3 is about the most important ingredient/part. Sense 2 captures the idea that the document provides the fundamental foundation/groundwork for future negotiations.

The answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context describes "a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases" resulting from U.N. climate negotiations. This refers to an agreement between parties (nations) that fixes their obligations regarding greenhouse gas reductions. This matches sense 2's definition: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each," with the synonym "bargain" being closely related to this negotiated international agreement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "deal" in this sentence:

"The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

Looking at the context:
- This is about U.N. climate negotiations
- A "political deal" is being discussed
- It involves an agreement to regulate greenhouse gases
- This is the outcome of negotiations

Now let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: - a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal)
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain, agreement)
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: - a large number or amount or extent
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: - a plank of softwood (wood)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: - softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: - cards held in a card game
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: - the type of treatment received (as the result of an agreement)
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: - the act of distributing playing cards
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: - the act of apportioning or distributing something

The context is clearly about "an agreement" that would regulate greenhouse gases. This is a "political deal" - an agreement between parties about their obligations.

Sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::) is the best fit:
- Definition: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each"
- Synonyms: bargain
- Examples mention "shady deals"
- This perfectly captures "a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases"

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to obstacles in a climate negotiation—these are immaterial barriers such as disagreements between nations, competing interests, and policy differences that must be "circumvented or surmounted" to reach a political deal. This aligns with sense 1, which specifically defines obstacles as "something immaterial that stands in the way," as exemplified by abstract concepts like "lack of imagination" and "poverty" in the provided examples.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "obstacles" in the context provided.

The sentence is: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

The context is discussing a U.N. climate conference document that outlines greenhouse-gas reductions. The "obstacles" here refer to the remaining challenges or barriers that need to be overcome in the negotiation process to reach a deal on regulating greenhouse gases.

Now let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education

This sense emphasizes "immaterial" obstacles - abstract things like lack of imagination, poverty, etc.

2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

This is a more general sense that doesn't specify whether the obstacle is material or immaterial.

In the context, the "obstacles" appear to be abstract/immaterial challenges in the climate negotiation - such as disagreements, policy differences, competing interests between nations, etc. These are not physical, material obstructions.

The first sense (09:00) specifically mentions "something immaterial" and the examples given (lack of imagination, poverty) are abstract barriers, which aligns better with the climate negotiation context where the obstacles would be abstract policy/political barriers.

The second sense (06:00) is more general and could refer to either material or immaterial obstacles.

Given that the obstacles in a climate negotiation context would be immaterial/abstract (not physical blockages), sense 1 seems to be the better fit.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: path
Target surface form: path
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "illuminated a path forward" in this context refers to revealing a course of action or direction for the climate negotiations. This is clearly the abstract sense of "path" meaning "a course of conduct" (sense 1), not a physical pathway. The context is about policy and political direction, and "path forward" is a common idiomatic expression meaning "a way to proceed" or "a direction to follow," which aligns with sense 1's definition and examples like "the path of virtue."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "path" is most appropriate.

The sentence is: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

Context clues:
- "path forward" - suggests a direction or course of action
- "a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions" and "a political deal"
- The discussion is about climate negotiations and policy
- "illuminated a path forward" suggests revealing a way to proceed or a course of conduct/action

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: - "a course of conduct" - synonyms: way, way of life - examples: "the path of virtue; we went our separate ways"
   - This fits well with "path forward" as it suggests a course of action or direction to take

2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: - "a way especially designed for a particular use"
   - This seems more physical (like a pathway designed for walking)
   - Doesn't fit as well with the abstract context

3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: - "an established line of travel or access" - synonyms: route, itinerary
   - This is more about physical routes or travel routes
   - Less fitting for the abstract context of policy/negotiations

4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: - "a line or route along which something travels or moves" - synonyms: track, course - examples: "the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal"
   - This is also more physical/concrete
   - The examples suggest physical movement

In this context, "path forward" is used metaphorically to describe a course of action or direction for the climate negotiations. Sense 1 is the best fit because:
- It directly captures the meaning of "a course of conduct"
- The synonym "way" aligns perfectly with proceeding in a particular direction
- Examples like "the path of virtue" demonstrate this abstract, figurative application
- The phrase "we went our separate ways" illustrates how this sense describes choosing different directions or courses

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advance
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "an important advance in a negotiation" refers to a positive development or improvement in the negotiation process. The document released represents progress toward a better outcome in the climate conference negotiations. This matches sense 2, which defines advance as "a change for the better; progress in development" with synonyms "improvement, betterment." This sense captures both the forward movement and the positive, beneficial nature of the development in context, making it more specific and appropriate than the other options.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "advance" in this passage.

The context: "But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time..."

The sentence is talking about the U.N. document that was released regarding greenhouse-gas reduction plans. This document is being described as an "important advance in a negotiation."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise

In the context, the document is being described as "an important advance in a negotiation." This refers to progress being made in the negotiations. The document represents a positive step forward in the negotiation process.

Senses 3, 5, and 6 are clearly not correct - these don't fit the context.

Between senses 1, 2, and 4:
- Sense 1: "a movement forward" with synonyms "progress, progression"
- Sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development" with synonyms "improvement, betterment"
- Sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" with synonyms "progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion"

Senses 1 and 4 both emphasize forward movement, while sense 2 specifically highlights improvement and positive development. Given that the passage calls this an "important advance," sense 2 best captures the idea that the document represents not just movement, but a beneficial change in the negotiation process.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The context refers to the ongoing climate conference negotiations as a process or activity spanning multiple discussions over time ("running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving"). This aligns better with sense 2, which defines negotiation as "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement," rather than sense 1, which emphasizes a single discussion intended to produce an agreement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "negotiation" in the given sentence.

The target sentence is: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

The context is about a U.N. climate conference where they are trying to reach a political deal to regulate greenhouse gases. The word "negotiation" refers to the process of discussion and agreement-making that is ongoing at this climate conference.

Now let me examine the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00::
   - definition: a discussion intended to produce an agreement
   - synonyms: dialogue, talks
   - examples: the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue

2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00::
   - definition: the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Both senses are related, but they have slightly different nuances:
- Sense 1 emphasizes the discussion aspect and the product (an agreement)
- Sense 2 emphasizes the activity/business of negotiating

In the context, "negotiation" refers to the ongoing process at the climate conference - the activity of trying to reach an agreement on greenhouse gas regulations. The phrase "an important advance in a negotiation" suggests the process/activity of negotiating rather than just a single discussion.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1 seems to emphasize "a discussion" (countable, more specific)
- Sense 2 emphasizes "the activity or business of negotiating" (more general process/activity)

Given the context "an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time," this seems to refer to the broader process/activity of negotiation at the climate conference. This would better match sense 2, which describes "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement."
Sense 2 fits better here—the phrase captures the broader ongoing process of negotiating rather than a single discussion event.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The phrase "running out of time" in the context of a negotiation that needs to be completed indicates time as a limited resource required to accomplish something. This matches sense 2, which defines time as "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something." The negotiation is constrained by the available time before world leaders arrive, making time a scarce resource needed to reach an agreement.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the target word "time" in the sentence:

"But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

The phrase "running out of time" is a common idiom meaning that there isn't much time left to accomplish something, or that time is becoming scarce for a particular task/event.

Let me evaluate each sense:

1. "an instance or single occasion for some event" - No, this doesn't fit
2. "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" - This is promising! The phrase "running out of time" suggests time as a limited resource needed to accomplish the negotiation
3. "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - Possible, but "running out of" suggests a limited resource
4. "a suitable moment" - No, doesn't fit the context
5. "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past" - Too abstract
6. "a person's experience on a particular occasion" - No
7. "a reading of a point in time as given by a clock" - No
8. "the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event" - No
9. "rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration" - No
10. "the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned" - No

The context strongly suggests sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something". The phrase "running out of time" is about time as a limited resource needed to complete the negotiation. The example "take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish" also matches this concept of time as a resource.
The answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leader
Target surface form: leaders
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world <t>leaders</t> arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context "more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen" clearly refers to political heads of state and government officials who guide and rule nations. This matches sense 1 (a person who rules or guides or inspires others). Sense 2 about merchandise loss leaders is unrelated to the political context of this U.N. climate conference.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "leaders" in the context of a U.N. climate conference. Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

In the context provided: "with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week"

This clearly refers to political leaders - people in positions of authority who rule or guide others (like presidents, prime ministers, etc.). The context is about world leaders at a U.N. climate conference.

Sense 2 is about a retail/business practice (loss leader), which has nothing to do with this context.

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1: "a person who rules or guides or inspires others"

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "next week" in this context refers to a general seven-day period in the near future when world leaders will arrive in Copenhagen. This is the most basic, general usage of "week" - any period of seven consecutive days - rather than a specific work week or calendar week with defined boundaries.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "week" in this sentence:

"But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

The context is talking about world leaders arriving in Copenhagen in the near future - specifically "next week". This is referring to a period of time that will happen soon.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
   - This is the most general sense, referring to any seven consecutive days

2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
   - This is specifically about the work week

3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week
   - This is a specific type of week that follows the calendar convention

In the context "more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week," we're using "week" in its most common, everyday sense - referring to a general seven-day period in the future. The speakers aren't specifically referring to a work week or a calendar week starting on Sunday - they're just saying "next week" as a general time reference.

Sense 1 is the most general and most appropriate for this usage. It's the basic meaning of "week" as any period of seven consecutive days.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the <t>text</t> is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "text" in this sentence:

"Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term."

The full context mentions "The U.N.-sponsored climate conference... gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions... The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles..."

So "the text" refers to a written document that:
1. Is the result of a U.N. working group's work
2. Contains written words/content about greenhouse gas reductions
3. Could serve as the basis for a political deal
4. Has specific content about what's silent (money for poor countries) and what it provides (options for key questions)

Let me look at each sense:

1. "the words of something written" - This is the general definition of text as written content. The example "there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" matches what we have here - a document with written content.

2. "a passage from the Bible used as the subject of a sermon" - This doesn't fit. The text in the context is about climate policy, not a Biblical passage.

3. "a book prepared for use in schools or colleges" - This doesn't fit. The text is a policy document from a U.N. conference, not a textbook.

4. "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)" - This could potentially fit, but it's more specific about being the main body of a work as opposed to other elements. In the context, "the text" refers to the entire document/content, not specifically the main body as distinct from illustrations.

The best fit is sense 1, which is the general meaning of "text" as written content/words of something written.

The document itself is simply the written material that emerged from the U.N. working group's efforts.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: money
Target surface form: money
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much <t>money</t> rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
2. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "money" is most appropriate.

The sentence is: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term."

The context is about a U.N. climate conference discussing financial assistance that rich countries would provide to poor ones to help with global warming.

Let me examine each sense:

1. Sense 1: "the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender" - This is a general definition referring to money as a medium of exchange and legal tender.

2. Sense 2: "wealth reckoned in terms of money" - This refers to wealth or assets valued in monetary terms.

3. Sense 3: "the official currency issued by a government or national bank" - This is specifically about official currency.

In the context, "money" refers to financial resources or funds that countries would transfer. It's not specifically about currency (sense 3), as the discussion is more about financial aid in general. It's also not about wealth in personal possession (sense 2).

Sense 1 seems most appropriate - "money" here refers to funds/financial resources in the general sense as a medium of exchange and means of value transfer between countries. This is about money as the general concept of financial resources that would be provided, not specifically about official currency or existing wealth.

Actually, thinking about it more carefully: sense 2 could also apply since it's about "wealth reckoned in terms of money" - the financial resources. But sense 1 seems more general and fits better with "money rich countries would give poor ones" - it's about money as a medium of exchange/financial resource.
Sense 1 is the best fit here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich <t>countries</t> would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context refers to "rich countries" and "poor ones" participating in U.N. climate negotiations, making decisions about carbon emissions reductions and financial transfers. This describes countries as politically organized bodies of people under single governments that enter into international agreements—which corresponds directly to sense 1's definition of "a politically organized body of people under a single government."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "countries" is being used.

Context: "The text is silent on how much money rich <t>countries</t> would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term."

This is talking about rich countries and poor countries in the context of a U.N. climate conference. The text discusses how "industrialized nations" and "major emerging economies" would cut their carbon output.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic
   - This refers to a political entity, a state or nation

2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land
   - This refers to the physical territory of a nation

3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land
   - This refers to the people of a nation

4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area
   - This refers to rural/countryside areas, not relevant here

5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)
   - This refers to a specific region, not relevant here

In the context "rich countries would give poor ones," we're talking about nations or states that are politically organized entities with economic status (rich or poor). The context also uses "nations" and "economies" to refer to the same entities.

The most appropriate sense is sense 1, which defines country as "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this is what "rich countries" means in the context of international negotiations.

In this passage, countries function as political actors negotiating international climate agreements and transferring resources. While territory and population are components, the focus is on the political entities themselves as agents making decisions and commitments. Sense 1 captures this most precisely.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor <t>ones</t> to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The word "ones" in this context refers to "poor countries" - serving as a noun substitute for the previously mentioned noun "countries." This is the sense where "one" means "a single person or thing," as evidenced by the example "this is the one I ordered." The numerical sense (1) does not fit the contextual usage here.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense of "ones" in this sentence.

The sentence reads: "the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor <t>ones</t> to cope with global warming over the short and long term."

Here, "ones" refers to "poor [countries]" - it's being used as a noun meaning "a single person or thing" or in this case "countries". The word "ones" is substituting for the noun "countries" that was previously mentioned (in the context "rich countries would give poor ones").

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. **Sense 1** (one%1:23:00::): "the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number" with synonyms like 1, I, ace, single, unity. Examples: "he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one". This is the numerical sense.

2. **Sense 2** (one%1:09:00::): "a single person or thing" with examples: "he is the best one; this is the one I ordered". This is the sense where "one" refers to a single entity, person, or thing.

In the context, "poor ones" clearly means "poor [countries]" - referring to poor countries as single entities. This is using "one" to mean "a single person or thing" - exactly what Sense 2 describes.

The answer is Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long <t>term</t>. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

The target word "term" appears in the phrase "over the short and long term," which clearly refers to periods of time in the context of climate policy and emissions reductions. This matches sense 2: "a limited period of time," as exemplified in comparable phrases like "prison term" or "school term."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "term" appears in the passage:

"Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long <t>term</t>."

The phrase is "over the short and long term" - this is clearly referring to a period of time. The context discusses emissions reductions "over the next 40 years" and mentions "near term" earlier in the text.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. A word or expression used for some particular thing - No, this doesn't fit
2. A limited period of time - YES, this fits perfectly. "Short and long term" refers to time periods
3. Conditions of an agreement - No, not about conditions
4. Distinct quantity in a polynomial - No, this is mathematical
5. Substantive phrase in a logical proposition - No, this is logical/grammatical
6. The end of gestation - No, not about pregnancy
7. Architecture - a statue or bust - No, not relevant

The best answer is sense 2: "a limited period of time" with the examples "a prison term; he left school before the end of term"

This matches perfectly with "short and long term" referring to time periods in the context of climate policy.

The sense index for sense 2 would be 2.