[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's <t>major</t> - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "major-party vote" refers to votes cast for the dominant, most important political parties (as distinguished from minor or third parties). In this political context, "major" describes parties of greater importance, stature, and rank within the electoral system, which best matches sense 1: "of greater importance or stature or rank."

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "major" in the phrase "a state's major-party vote."

The sentence is:
"A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

In this context, "major-party vote" refers to votes for the major political parties (as opposed to minor/third parties). The word "major" here is describing which parties/votes are being considered - specifically the larger, more important political parties.

Let me examine each sense:

1. "of greater importance or stature or rank" - This could fit, as "major parties" are the most important parties
2. "greater in scope or effect" - Not really the best fit
3. "greater in number or size or amount" - This could work, as major parties have more votes/members
4. "of the field of academic study" - Doesn't fit
5. "of a scale or mode" - Doesn't fit
6. "of greater seriousness or danger" - Doesn't fit
7. "of full legal age" - Doesn't fit
8. "of the elder of two boys" - Doesn't fit

The best sense seems to be sense 1 "of greater importance or stature or rank" because "major parties" are the dominant, most important political parties. Sense 3 about "greater in number" could also work, but sense 1 about importance and rank seems more appropriate when discussing "major parties" in a political context.

Actually, looking more carefully, "major parties" in political discourse typically means the dominant/most important parties. Sense 1 about "importance or stature or rank" seems like the best fit.
Sense 1 is the answer—"major parties" in political discourse refers to those with the greatest importance and rank, not merely those with larger numbers.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "party" in "major-party vote" refers to a political organization. The context discusses voting patterns between Republican and Democratic parties at federal and state government levels, making sense 1 (an organization to gain political power) the appropriate interpretation.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "party" is being used.

The target surface form "party" appears in: "the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate"

Looking at the context, this is clearly a political text discussing:
- Senate control and "party hands"
- Democrats and their "majority - party status"
- Republican presidential and senatorial candidates
- GOP candidates
- "Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines"
- Republican gubernatorial candidate
- Republican share of the lower state house

The phrase "major - party vote" is referring to major political parties in a state, specifically looking at how votes are split between the Republican gubernatorial candidate.

The candidate senses are:
1. political party - organization to gain political power
2. a group of people gathered together for pleasure
3. a band of people associated temporarily in some activity
4. an occasion for social interaction and entertainment
5. a person involved in legal proceedings

In this context, "party" clearly refers to a political party, not a social gathering or event. The text discusses voting patterns across Republican and Democratic parties at different levels of government.

Sense 1 is the correct answer: "an organization to gain political power" with the definition of "political party" and examples like "in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level"

This matches the context perfectly where we're discussing how votes go to candidates from different political parties.

type: thinking

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The phrase "a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" refers to the aggregate number of votes cast in an election. In this econometric analysis of voting patterns, "vote" designates the total count of votes received, which aligns with sense 5 (the total number of voters who participated/total vote count). The context is discussing quantifiable voting outcomes and electoral statistics, not individual voting choices, collective opinions, voting rights, or voting blocs.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the best sense for "vote" in the phrase "the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate".

The context is discussing voting patterns and election results. The phrase "a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" refers to the total number or proportion of votes cast in a state that went to the Republican candidate.

Let me examine each sense:

1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | A choice made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative - This refers to the voting process or a single ballot. Not quite right here.

2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | The opinion of a group as determined by voting - This refers to the collective result. Could be relevant.

3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | A legal right (15th amendment) - This is about the constitutional right to vote. Not the right sense.

4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | A body of voters who have the same interests - This refers to a voting bloc or group. Not quite right.

5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | The total number of voters who participated - This is about voter turnout/the total count of votes cast.

In the context "the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house", it appears to be talking about the total votes or vote count in an election - the aggregate number of votes that went to a particular candidate. This seems closest to sense 5 (the total number of voters/votes), or possibly sense 1 (a choice made by counting votes).

Actually, looking more carefully, "a state's major-party vote" seems to refer to the total votes cast in a state among the major parties. This is most consistent with sense 5 - the total number of voters who participated, or more broadly, the vote count.
Reconsidering sense 1, it could also work as "a choice made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" - this encompasses the overall vote tally. Given the electoral context and focus on aggregate voting outcomes, sense 5 best captures the meaning of the total votes cast across a state's major parties.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: go
Target surface form: going
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=go%2:38:00:: | definition=change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically | synonyms=travel, move, locomote | examples=How fast does your new car go?; We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus
2. sense_key=go%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=proceed, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
3. sense_key=go%2:38:01:: | definition=move away from a place into another direction | synonyms=go away, depart | examples=Go away before I start to cry; The train departs at noon
4. sense_key=go%2:30:04:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
5. sense_key=go%2:42:06:: | definition=be awarded; be allotted | examples=The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes
6. sense_key=go%2:42:02:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=run | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
7. sense_key=go%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
8. sense_key=go%2:30:01:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=proceed | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
9. sense_key=go%2:30:08:: | definition=be abolished or discarded | examples=These ugly billboards have to go!; These luxuries all had to go under the Khmer Rouge
10. sense_key=go%2:42:07:: | definition=be or continue to be in a certain condition | examples=The children went hungry that day
11. sense_key=go%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
12. sense_key=go%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
13. sense_key=go%2:34:00:: | definition=to be spent or finished | synonyms=run low, run short | examples=The money had gone after a few days; Gas is running low at the gas stations in the Midwest
14. sense_key=go%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, run | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
15. sense_key=go%2:42:14:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live, live on, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
16. sense_key=go%2:42:03:: | definition=pass, fare, or elapse; of a certain state of affairs or action | examples=How is it going?; The day went well until I got your call
17. sense_key=go%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=die, decease, perish, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
18. sense_key=go%2:42:04:: | definition=be in the right place or situation | synonyms=belong | examples=Where do these books belong?; Let's put health care where it belongs--under the control of the government
19. sense_key=go%2:42:10:: | definition=be ranked or compare | examples=This violinist is as good as Juilliard-trained violinists go
20. sense_key=go%2:38:09:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=start, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
21. sense_key=go%2:33:00:: | definition=have a turn; make one's move in a game | synonyms=move | examples=Can I go now?
22. sense_key=go%2:42:13:: | definition=be contained in | examples=How many times does 18 go into 54?
23. sense_key=go%2:42:12:: | definition=be sounded, played, or expressed | examples=How does this song go again?
24. sense_key=go%2:42:11:: | definition=blend or harmonize | synonyms=blend, blend in | examples=This flavor will blend with those in your dish; This sofa won't go with the chairs
25. sense_key=go%2:42:08:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=lead | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
26. sense_key=go%2:42:05:: | definition=be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired | synonyms=fit | examples=This piece won't fit into the puzzle
27. sense_key=go%2:35:13:: | definition=go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way | synonyms=rifle | examples=Who rifled through my desk drawers?
28. sense_key=go%2:34:09:: | definition=be spent | examples=All my money went for food and rent
29. sense_key=go%2:31:12:: | definition=give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number | synonyms=plump | examples=I plumped for the losing candidates
30. sense_key=go%2:30:03:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The phrase "vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" uses "going" in the sense of "be awarded; be allotted," which matches sense 5. Votes are allocated or awarded to the candidate, similar to the example "The first prize goes to Mary." This sense describes how something is distributed or directed to a recipient.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence is:

"A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major-party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

Here, "going" is part of the phrase "vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate." This is discussing where votes are allocated or directed to.

Let me consider the relevant senses:

1. "change location; move, travel, or proceed" - doesn't fit
2. "follow a procedure or take a course" - doesn't fit well
3. "move away from a place into another direction" - doesn't fit
4. "enter or assume a certain state or condition" - doesn't fit
5. "be awarded; be allotted" - This could fit! "The first prize goes to Mary" is the example. This is about votes going to a candidate.
6. "have a particular form" - doesn't fit
7. "stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope" - doesn't fit
8. "follow a certain course" - doesn't fit
...

Looking at sense 5: "be awarded; be allotted" with examples "The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes" - this seems to be the best match. The votes are going to (being allocated/awarded to) the Republican gubernatorial candidate.

Actually, wait. Let me reconsider sense 18: "be in the right place or situation; belong" with examples "Where do these books belong?" - this could also work, but sense 5 seems more directly applicable.

Sense 5 is about something being awarded or allotted to someone/something, which perfectly matches "votes going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate."
The answer is 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "Republican" is being used in this sentence:

"the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

The target word is "Republican" in the context of "Republican gubernatorial candidate."

Looking at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: - "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" with examples like "a Republican senator; Republican party politics"

2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 - "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government" with examples like "the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government"

In this context, "Republican gubernatorial candidate" clearly refers to a candidate who belongs to the Republican Party (the political party in the United States). The text is discussing election results and party politics at the state and federal level.

Sense 1 is about belonging to or relating to the Republican Party - this matches the context perfectly.

Sense 2 is about a form of government based on democracy and citizen representation - this doesn't apply here.

The answer should be sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidate
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t> and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "Republican gubernatorial candidate" refers to a politician actively running for the office of governor. This matches sense 1, which defines "candidate" as "a politician who is running for public office," with synonyms like "campaigner" and "nominee." The context involves analyzing voting patterns during elections, where candidates are those actively campaigning for public office, not merely being considered for a position.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine the correct sense for "candidate" in this sentence:

"A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t> and the Republican share of the lower state house..."

The two senses provided are:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

In the context, we're discussing a "Republican gubernatorial candidate" - this is clearly referring to someone who is running for the office of governor. The text is analyzing voting patterns between gubernatorial candidates and state house voting.

Sense 1 (candidate%1:18:01::) describes "a politician who is running for public office" with synonyms like "campaigner" and "nominee". This fits perfectly because the gubernatorial candidate is someone actively running for the office of governor.

Sense 2 (candidate%1:18:00::) describes "someone who is considered for something" - this is more general and could refer to anyone being considered for a position, not necessarily someone actively running.

The context clearly indicates this is about someone who is actively running for public office (the gubernatorial election), so sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target word "Republican" in this context refers to the Republican Party, as evidenced by the discussion of "Republican gubernatorial candidate" and "Republican share of the lower state house" in the passage about voting patterns and electoral outcomes. This aligns with sense 1, which defines "Republican" as "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party," with similar examples of political candidates and party affiliation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "Republican" is being used in the sentence:

"...the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house..."

The context is clearly about political parties and elections. The sentence discusses:
- Republican gubernatorial candidate (someone running for governor)
- Republican share of the lower state house (legislative representation)
- This is contrasted with Democratic parties and candidates elsewhere in the passage

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" - This is the political party sense, with examples like "a Republican senator; Republican party politics"

2. "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government" - This is about republican government (lowercase r), relating to a form of government

In this context, "Republican" is clearly referring to the Republican Party, not to a form of government. The passage discusses:
- Republican presidential candidates
- Republican candidates for the Senate
- Republican gubernatorial candidate
- Republican share of the lower state house

All of these are about the political party. This is sense 1.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=portion, part, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
2. sense_key=share%1:21:01:: | definition=any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate | examples=he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price
3. sense_key=share%1:04:00:: | definition=the allotment of some amount by dividing something | synonyms=parcel, portion | examples=death gets more than its share of attention from theologians
4. sense_key=share%1:04:01:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, part | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
5. sense_key=share%1:06:00:: | definition=a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil | synonyms=plowshare, ploughshare

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

In this context, "share" refers to the proportion or percentage of votes received by Republican candidates in the lower state house. The phrase "Republican share of the lower state house" indicates a portion of something (votes) that can be quantified. This matches sense 1, which defines share as "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group" with synonyms including "portion, part, percentage." The synonym "percentage" is particularly apt here, as the text is discussing proportional voting outcomes at the state government level.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses for the word "share".

The sentence in question is: "the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

In this context, "share" refers to the portion or proportion of votes that the Republican party receives in the lower state house. It's talking about what percentage or portion of the votes go to Republicans.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=share%1:21:00:: - "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group" with synonyms "portion, part, percentage" and example "he wanted his share in cash". This refers to a personal portion of something.

2. sense_key=share%1:21:01:: - "any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided" - This is about stock certificates, not relevant here.

3. sense_key=share%1:04:00:: - "the allotment of some amount by dividing something" with synonyms "parcel, portion" and examples about death getting attention. This is about a portion or allotment.

4. sense_key=share%1:04:01:: - "the part played by a person in bringing about a result" with synonyms "contribution, part". This is about contribution to an outcome.

5. sense_key=share%1:06:00:: - "a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil" - This is a farming tool, not relevant.

In the context of "Republican share of the lower state house," we're talking about what proportion or portion of the votes/seats goes to Republicans. This is closest to sense 1 or sense 3.

Sense 1 emphasizes "portion, part, percentage" which directly matches what we need - the Republican's percentage/portion of the vote. The definition mentions "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group" which can apply to vote shares.
Sense 3 also captures the idea of dividing something into portions. However, sense 1 is the better fit since "percentage" appears explicitly as a synonym, and in political discourse, "share" typically means the proportion of votes received. Sense 1 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: house
Target surface form: house
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state <t>house</t> is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=house%1:06:00:: | definition=a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families | examples=he has a house on Cape Cod; she felt she had to get out of the house
2. sense_key=house%1:14:01:: | definition=the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments | synonyms=firm, business firm | examples=he worked for a brokerage house
3. sense_key=house%1:14:04:: | definition=the members of a religious community living together
4. sense_key=house%1:14:03:: | definition=the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema | examples=the house applauded; he counted the house
5. sense_key=house%1:14:02:: | definition=an official assembly having legislative powers | examples=a bicameral legislature has two houses
6. sense_key=house%1:14:00:: | definition=aristocratic family line | examples=the House of York
7. sense_key=house%1:04:00:: | definition=play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults | examples=the children were playing house
8. sense_key=house%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, sign, mansion, planetary house
9. sense_key=house%1:14:06:: | definition=the management of a gambling house or casino | examples=the house gets a percentage of every bet
10. sense_key=house%1:14:05:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
11. sense_key=house%1:06:02:: | definition=a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented | synonyms=theater, theatre | examples=the house was full
12. sense_key=house%1:06:01:: | definition=a building in which something is sheltered or located | examples=they had a large carriage house

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

The target word "house" refers to the lower chamber of a state legislature. The context explicitly mentions "the Republican share of the lower state house," which is a reference to a legislative body—specifically the lower chamber of a bicameral state legislature. Sense 5 defines "house" as "an official assembly having legislative powers" with the example "a bicameral legislature has two houses," which perfectly matches this usage.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context of the word "house" in this passage.

The passage is discussing state government politics and voting patterns. Specifically, it mentions:

"...the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state <t>house</t> is a positive function of the state tax rate."

This is clearly referring to a legislative body - the "lower state house" which is a bicameral legislature. In U.S. state government terminology, this refers to the lower chamber of the state legislature (as opposed to the state senate which is typically the upper chamber).

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. A dwelling - No, this is not about a home
2. A business organization - No
3. A religious community - No
4. An audience in a theater - No
5. "An official assembly having legislative powers" with examples like "a bicameral legislature has two houses" - This matches! This is the correct sense.
6. Aristocratic family line - No
7. A children's game - No
8. Astrological term - No
9. Management of a gambling house - No
10. A social unit living together - No
11. A building for theatrical performances - No
12. A building sheltering something - No

The answer is clearly sense 5, which refers to "an official assembly having legislative powers" - specifically referring to the lower house of a state legislature.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: positive
Target surface form: positive
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a <t>positive</t> function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=positive%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc. | examples=a positive attitude; the reviews were all positive
2. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:certain:02 | definition=persuaded of; very sure | synonyms=convinced, confident | examples=were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join; I am positive he is lying
3. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=involving advantage or good | synonyms=plus | examples=a plus (or positive) factor
4. sense_key=positive%3:00:04:: | definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=confirming | examples=a positive pregnancy test
5. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:formal:01 | definition=formally laid down or imposed | synonyms=prescribed | examples=positive laws
6. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:undeniable:00 | definition=impossible to deny or disprove | synonyms=incontrovertible, irrefutable | examples=incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence; proof positive
7. sense_key=positive%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to positivism | synonyms=positivist, positivistic | examples=positivist thinkers; positivist doctrine
8. sense_key=positive%3:00:05:: | definition=reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion | examples=positive increase in graduating students
9. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:plus:00 | definition=greater than zero | examples=positive numbers
10. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:charged:00 | definition=having a positive charge | synonyms=electropositive, positively charged | examples=protons are positive
11. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:confident:00 | definition=marked by excessive confidence | synonyms=cocksure, overconfident | examples=an arrogant and cocksure materialist; so overconfident and impudent as to speak to the queen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

The phrase "positive function of the state tax rate" is used in an econometric context to describe a mathematical relationship where both variables move in the same direction (as tax rate increases, the voting difference increases). Sense 8, which refers to something "tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress," best captures this mathematical meaning of "positive" as indicating a direction or correlation toward increase.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to understand which sense of "positive" is being used.

The target word appears in: "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

This is an econometric/statistical context. The phrase "positive function of" means that there is a direct mathematical relationship - as one variable increases, the other increases. This is being contrasted implicitly with a "negative function" where one increases as the other decreases.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. characterized by affirmation/acceptance/certainty - Not the right sense. This is about attitudes.

2. persuaded of; very sure - Not the right sense. This is about conviction/confidence.

3. involving advantage or good (synonyms: plus) - This could potentially work since "positive" is sometimes used to mean advantageous, but in a mathematical context it's more specific.

4. indicating existence of suspected condition - Not relevant; medical context.

5. formally laid down or imposed - Not relevant here.

6. impossible to deny or disprove - Not the right sense.

7. of or relating to positivism - Not the right sense; this is about a philosophy.

8. "reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion" - This seems very relevant! The example "positive increase in graduating students" shows direction of increase. In mathematical/statistical contexts, "positive" refers to direction along an axis. This fits well.

9. greater than zero - This is about mathematics/numbers specifically. The context is about a mathematical relationship.

10. having a positive charge - Not relevant; physics context.

11. marked by excessive confidence - Not relevant.

Between senses 8 and 9:
- Sense 8 talks about "increase or progress or onward motion" and "positive increase"
- Sense 9 talks about numbers being "greater than zero"

In the context of "positive function of the state tax rate" - this is referring to a mathematical relationship where both variables move in the same direction (when tax rate increases, the vote difference increases). This is the standard mathematical/statistical meaning of "positive correlation" or "positive function." Sense 8 captures the directional aspect of increase that's central to how "positive" functions in econometric analysis, making it the most fitting interpretation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: function
Target surface form: function
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive <t>function</t> of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=function%1:24:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) | synonyms=mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
2. sense_key=function%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=purpose, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=function%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=office, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=function%1:24:01:: | definition=a relation such that one thing is dependent on another | examples=height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand
5. sense_key=function%1:14:00:: | definition=a formal or official social gathering or ceremony | examples=it was a black-tie function
6. sense_key=function%1:11:00:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, occasion, social occasion, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
7. sense_key=function%1:10:00:: | definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

The context uses "function" in the phrase "a positive function of the state tax rate," expressing a relationship of dependency where one variable (the difference in votes) depends on another variable (the state tax rate). This matches sense 4: "a relation such that one thing is dependent on another," which is supported by the given examples like "height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand." This is a relationship of dependency rather than a formal mathematical definition, purpose, or social gathering.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context where "function" appears in the sentence:

"the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

The context is discussing econometric/statistical relationships. The sentence is saying that "the difference... is a positive function of the state tax rate" - meaning that as the state tax rate increases, this difference tends to increase as well.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Mathematical relation (domain/range mapping) - This is a technical mathematical definition
2. Purpose/role/use - Not applicable here
3. Assigned actions/activities - Not applicable here
4. "A relation such that one thing is dependent on another" with examples "height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand" - This fits perfectly! The difference is dependent on (a function of) the state tax rate.
5. Formal social gathering - Not applicable here
6. Social event - Not applicable here
7. Computer program steps - Not applicable here

The key phrase "is a positive function of" clearly indicates that one variable depends on another variable. This is exactly what sense 4 describes: "a relation such that one thing is dependent on another" with the example "height is a function of age."

This is sense 4, which is more general than the pure mathematical sense 1 - it captures the idea of functional dependency without requiring the formal mathematical notation/definition.

The answer should be sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the <t>state</t> tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The target phrase "the state tax rate" refers to taxes set by individual U.S. states as constituent administrative divisions of the nation. The context discusses voting patterns across different states and their tax policies, which aligns with sense 1: the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation (with example "his state is in the deep south").

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "state" is being used in the target phrase "the state tax rate."

Looking at the context, this is a political/economic analysis discussing:
- Senate staffing decisions
- Republican vs Democratic voting patterns
- Tax burdens and voting behavior
- State government structure (governor vs legislature)
- The phrase in question: "the state tax rate"

The passage is clearly discussing the political and economic characteristics of U.S. states (the constituent administrative divisions of the nation), and how their tax policies affect voting behavior.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. **sense 1** - "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" with example "his state is in the deep south" - This refers to states as administrative divisions.

2. **sense 2** - "the way something is with respect to its main attributes" - This is a general condition/state of being, not relevant here.

3. **sense 3** - "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" - This could potentially fit, but it's more about the government body.

4. **sense 4** - "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - This is about the nation/country as a whole political entity.

5. **sense 5** - Chemistry definition about states of matter - Not relevant.

6. **sense 6** - "a state of depression or agitation" - Not relevant.

7. **sense 7** - "the territory occupied by a nation" - This is the territory of a nation, not a constituent part.

8. **sense 8** - U.S. Department of State - Not relevant.

The key phrase is "the state tax rate" - referring to taxes set by individual U.S. states (as constituent administrative divisions). This is clearly referring to sense 1, which specifically mentions "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" with the example "his state is in the deep south."
The answer is sense 1 (sense_index: 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the <t>federal</t> and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "federal" and I need to determine which sense is being used in the context.

Let me analyze the context:
The passage discusses differences in voting patterns at "both the federal and state government levels." This is comparing the federal government level with the state government level.

The key phrase is: "at both the federal and state government levels"

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units" - This refers to the national/central government of the United States as opposed to state governments. Examples: Federal Bureau of Investigation, federal courts.

2. Sense 2: "of or relating to the central government of a federation" - This is about the central government of a federation. Example: a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government.

3. Sense 3: "being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War" - This is a historical sense about the Civil War. Not relevant here.

4. Sense 4: "characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities" - This describes a federal system of government.

In the context, "federal and state government levels" clearly refers to the distinction between the central U.S. government (federal) and state governments. This is being contrasted with state-level government.

Sense 1 seems most directly applicable because it explicitly mentions "the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units" - which perfectly fits the context where federal is being contrasted with state governments.

Sense 2 and 4 are more abstract/general definitions, while Sense 1 is specifically about the U.S. federal government as distinct from member states.

The best answer is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: levels
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government <t>levels</t> at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context for the word "levels" in the sentence:

"In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation."

The word "levels" here refers to different positions or tiers within a hierarchical structure - specifically referring to "federal level" and "state government level" as distinct organizational hierarchies.

Let me consider each sense:

1. A position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (degree, grade) - This could fit, as federal and state are different positions.

2. A relative position or degree of value in a graded group (grade, tier) - This fits well, as federal and state are different tiers of government.

3. A specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (degree, stage, point) - This could also fit, referring to different stages or positions in a governmental hierarchy.

4. Height above ground - No, this is about physical height.

5. Indicator that establishes the horizontal - No, this is about a tool.

6. A flat surface at right angles to a plumb line - No, this is about physical surfaces.

7. An abstract place usually conceived as having depth (layer, stratum) - This is about layers/strata, which could apply to levels of government.

8. A structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale (floor, storey) - This is about building floors.

The context is clearly about different tiers or hierarchies within government (federal level vs. state government level). The most precise sense would be:

- Sense 2 (relative position or degree of value in a graded group / tier) seems most appropriate, as it refers to hierarchical positions.
- Sense 3 (specific identifiable position in a continuum or series) could also work.
- Sense 7 (layer, stratum) could work as it mentions "layers" in the examples about abstract depth.
- Sense 2 stands out as the strongest match since "tier" directly describes governmental hierarchies, and the ranked positioning mirrors how federal and state governments occupy different positions in the system.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least <t>part</t> of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The phrase "at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior" refers to a portion or component of a larger whole (the total behavior voters display). Sense 1 defines "part" as "something determined in relation to something that includes it" with synonyms like "portion" and "component," which perfectly matches this usage. The context treats the irrational voting behavior as a complete phenomenon and identifies a portion of it as potentially having a rational explanation.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to find the best sense for "part" in the phrase "at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation."

In this context, "part" is being used to refer to "a portion or component of something." The text is saying that "a portion of the seemingly irrational behavior" may have a rational explanation.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. Something determined in relation to something that includes it (portion, component part, component, constituent) - This could fit.
2. Something less than the whole of a human artifact - Less likely, not about an artifact here.
3. A portion of a natural object - No, this is about behavior, not a natural object.
4. That which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation - Not the right meaning.
5. The extended spatial location of something (region) - No, not about location.
6. The actions and activities assigned to or required of a person or group (function, office, role) - Could fit but less precise.
7. An actor's portrayal of someone in a play - No, not about acting.
8. Assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group (share, portion, percentage) - Could fit.
9. One of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole (section, division) - This fits well.
10. A line of scalp related to hair - No, irrelevant.
11. The melody carried by a particular voice or instrument - No, irrelevant.
12. The part played by a person in bringing about a result - Less fitting, this is more about personal contribution.

The key phrase is "at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior." This is treating "behavior" as a whole and referring to "a portion" of it.
Sense 1 and sense 9 both work here. Sense 1 emphasizes treating behavior as something with component pieces, while sense 9 focuses on dividing the whole into constituent sections. The phrase "at least part of" suggests we're isolating one segment from a larger whole, which aligns with sense 9's definition of "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole"—similar to how "the written part of the exam" divides an exam into sections.

However, sense 1 better captures the core meaning: a portion or component that exists in relation to something larger. That's the most direct match for how "part" functions in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: irrational
Target surface form: irrational
Context:
An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly <t>irrational</t> behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation. Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=irrational%3:00:00:: | definition=not consistent with or using reason | examples=irrational fears; irrational animals
2. sense_key=irrational%3:01:00:: | definition=real but not expressible as the quotient of two integers | examples=irrational numbers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

The context discusses voter behavior and ticket splitting patterns, concluding that "seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation." This clearly refers to behavior that appears illogical or not based on reason (sense 1), not the mathematical definition of irrational numbers (sense 2).

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context to determine which sense of "irrational" is being used.

The context discusses voting behavior and ticket splitting patterns. It mentions that "the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation."

The two candidate senses are:
1. "not consistent with or using reason" - relating to logic, reason, or rationality in behavior/thinking
2. "real but not expressible as the quotient of two integers" - mathematical sense for numbers

Given the context:
- The passage is discussing voting behavior and political decisions
- It mentions "irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth"
- It contrasts this seemingly irrational behavior with having "an exceedingly rational explanation"
- This is clearly about human decision-making and reasoning, not mathematics

The first sense (not consistent with or using reason) is clearly the correct one. The passage is discussing whether voter behavior appears irrational (illogical, not using reason) but may actually have rational explanations.

The answer should be sense index 1.